A method is described for the quantitative determination by gas chromatography of nitroglycerin and other extractable components of propellants. Reproducibility and absolute accuracy were checked by thorough examination and the analytical versatility of t...

In real-time quantitative PCR studies using absolute plasmid DNA standards, a calibration curve is developed to estimate an unknown DNA concentration. However, potential differences in the amplification performance of plasmid DNA compared to genomic DNA standards are often ignore...

Absolute measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) are an important endpoint in studies of cerebral pathophysiology. Currently no accepted method exists for in vivo longitudinal monitoring of CBF with high resolution in rats and mice. Using three-dimensional Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography and cranial window preparations, we present ...

The goal of this study is to apply methods for determining saccharose to an examination of molasses which would yield absolute values correctly and with satisfactory precision. Acting upon recommendations of the International Commission for Uniform Method...

A thermodynamic approach has been devised that can serve as an alternative to electron theory for quantitative treatments of basic phenomena associated with electronic carriers. The crucial feature of this thermodynamic method is the use of experimental data, such as absolute thermopower and contact potential, to obtain ...

Following brief references to available methods for the quantitative measurement of radiant energy in the vacuum ultraviolet, the paper describes the construction and performance of a GM counter particularly suitable for the measure of low energy (40eV-12...

We report novel measurement techniques and also validate other methods which permit to make absolute quantitative measurement of gas temperature, radical density, UV intensities, plasma power deposition efficiency, sheath electric field, ionic and neutral...

Why and how to study light exotic nuclei is first presented. Then the search for new radioactivities is reviewed, and the method developed at Ganil to have absolute measurement of the nuclear mass with a convenient uncertainty. Other quantitative informat...

... Electron Impact Ionization I April 1994 ... Quantitative Monitoring of Ammonia and Hydrazines: Absolute Cross Sections for Electron Impact Ionization ...

The utility of quantitative molecular diagnostics for patient management depends on the ability to relate patient results to prior results or to absolute values in clinical practice guidelines. To do this, those results need to be comparable across time and methods, either by producing the same value across methods ...

Toxicoproteomics is an emerging discipline in toxicology for characterizing chemical modes of action at the molecular level. We have successfully utilized a quantitative proteomics method termed isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to measure protein re...

Methods were developed for quantitative analysis by X-ray diffraction of the oxides Al2O3, NiO, Cr2O3, CoO, and CoCr2O4 within a standard deviation of about 10 percent of the weight fraction reported or within 1 percent absolute. These error limits assume...

A rapid method for the determination of solasodine in Solanum sp. plant is suggested. The absolute and the relative errors of the new method, as well as its evaluation as compared with the old one, recommend the rapid new method for use in analytical dete...

One of the most common methods of sampling for tritium in air is the collection of tritiated water vapor in silica gel absorbent with subsequent analysis of the recovered vapor by liquid scintillation counting. In this paper the factors affecting the efficiency of silica gel for water vapor removal are outlined, and a simple efficiency test is presented to show that a typical ...

This protocol provides a method for quantitating the intracellular concentrations of endogenous metabolites in cultured cells. The cells are grown in stable isotope-labeled media to near-complete isotopic enrichment and then extracted in organic solvent containing unlabeled internal standards in known concentrations. The ratio of endogenous metabolite to ...

An overview is provided of six strategies for relative or absolute quantitation of protein abundances that are widely used in proteomic studies. Strengths and limitations are discussed. Four of these involve stable isotope labeling and isotope ratio measurements by mass spectrometry. In another, mass spectra are used to deconvolute overlapping peptide HPLC ...

A rapid quantitative method has been developed for the estimation of nicotine and cotinine in blood and urine. Isolation is accomplished by adsorption of the alkaloids on Amberlite XAD-2 resin and subsequent elution with chloroform/methanol. No solvent extraction or further purification is required. The final determination is made by high performance ...

The capability of a miniaturized probe to measure local cerebral blood flow in a continuous and quantitative manner is described. The incorporation of thermal conductivity measurements using the isothermal principle with the hydrogen clearance method allows calibration of the thermal conductivity component in absolute terms. Evaluation ...

... Absolute Measurement of Sound Pressure in Liquids. ... of Plane, Finite Amplitude Waves in a ... Optical Method for Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements at ...

... Accession Number : AD0771216. Title : A Simple Method for Measuring Absolute Diffuse Reflectance with a Laboratory Spectrophotometer. ...

Measurements of protein abundance and quantitative assessment of multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) within a single protein are increasingly called for to understand the control of protein activity, particularly in metazoan cells. General methods of wide applicability and precision/accuracy for quantitative estimation of ...

We present an experimental study on four rabbits to demonstrate the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy in the noninvasive assessment of testicular torsion. We used a multi-distance frequency-domain method, based on a fixed detector position and a 9-mm linear scan of the illumination optical fibers, to measure absolute values of pre- and ...

The practical value of the quantitative analysis of behavior is limited by two methodological characteristics of this area of research: the use of (a) steady-state strategies and (b) relative vs. absolute response rates. Applied behavior analysts are concerned with both transition-state and steady-state behavior, and applied interventions are typically ...

AIM: To form a database of videokeratography patterns and quantitative indices describing normal human corneas using the absolute scale. METHODS: Both eyes of 195 normal subjects were examined with a TMS-1 videokeratoscope. Videokeratographs were divided into 10 categories based on a classification scheme devised from the ...

Knowledge on absolute protein concentrations is mandatory for the simulation of biological processes in the context of systems biology. A novel approach for the absolute quantification of proteins at a global scale has been developed and its applicability demonstrated using glucose starvation of the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the ...

The use of internal peptide standards in selected reaction monitoring experiments enables absolute quantitation. Here, we describe three approaches addressing calibration of peptide concentrations in complex matrices and assess their performance in terms of trueness and precision. The simplest approach described is single reference point ...

...in this part, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (a) Absolute (or quantitative ) quotas. �Absolute (or quantitative) quotas� are those which permit a limited number of units of specified...

The trans-lycopene content of fresh tomato homogenates was assessed by means of the laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, the laser optothermal window, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and colorimetry; none of these methods require the extraction from the product matrix prior to the analysis. The wet chemistry method (high-performance liquid chromatography) was used ...

The trans-lycopene content of fresh tomato homogenates was assessed by means of the laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, the laser optothermal window, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and colorimetry; none of these methods require the extraction from the product matrix prior to the analysis. The wet chemistry method (high-performance liquid chromatography) was used ...

We have investigated the potential of utilizing analytical electron microscopy to quantitatively examine the grounds used by van Gogh and, in particular, the absolute amount of extender employed. To determine the accuracy that can be achieved, a series of oil paint reconstructions were used as standards. The proportion of extender was measured using ...

The general principle of placing neutron and X-ray scattering density profiles on an absolute scale is being applied to an increasing number of problems in structural biology. This maximizes the information from the experiments by facilitating the identification of various molecular species. The greater detail available on the membrane water distribution has been highlighted ...

We report the use of a tunable differential interferometer for optical tomography. This interferometer has several advantages over other methods for phase measurements in optical tomography, including good stability, variable sensitivity, and the elimination of fringe ambiguity. Quantitative images of the gas concentrations in subsonic jets of methane and ...

Absolute two-photon absorption cross sections for various rare gas atoms and small molecules were measured by resonance ionization spectroscopy. Two-photon cross sections of various liquids and solids were obtained by the two-photon induced fluorescence method.

The response of the ultrasonic gas chromatographic detector is used to determine the absolute weight of an unknown analytic without a calibration curve. The method does not require that any physical properties of the analytic be known. The procedure for determining the weight concentration of an unknown requires that its response be measured in two carrier ...

Toxicoproteomics is an emerging field that is greatly enabled by non-gel based methods using LC MS/MS for biomarker discovery and characterization for endocrine disrupting chemicals. Using iTRAQ (isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation), we quantified a diverse r...

Using the method of measuring absolute intensities in emission spectra, they have calculated the degree of atomization of yttrium and lanthanum in an acetylene-nitrous oxide flame, and have provided a quantitative appraisal of the effect of Al, Mg, Ni, and Cr on the number of yttrium and lanthanum atoms, ions, and molecules. Hypotheses ...

Exposure of small inocula of microorganisms on the surface of blood agar medium to high pressure oxygen (HPO; 100% O2 at 3 atmospheres absolute) has provided a simple direct method for quantitating its antibacterial effect upon 102 strains from among 20 m...

We describe a simple and reproducible method to measure absolute telomere length (aTL) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This method is based on the Cawthon method for relative measurement of telomere length (TL) but modified by introducing an oligomer standard to ...

We have demonstrated that spatially modulated quantitative spectroscopy (SMoQS) is capable of extracting absolute optical properties from homogeneous tissue simulating phantoms that span both the visible and near-infrared wavelength regimes. However, biological tissue, such as skin, is highly structured, presenting challenges to ...

We have demonstrated that spatially modulated quantitative spectroscopy (SMoQS) is capable of extracting absolute optical properties from homogeneous tissue simulating phantoms that span both the visible and near-infrared wavelength regimes. However, biological tissue, such as skin, is highly structured, presenting challenges to ...

Frequency-domain tissue spectroscopy is a method to measure the absolute absorption coefficient of bulk tissues, assuming that a representative model can be found to recover the optical properties from measurements. While reliable methods exist to calculate absorption coefficients from source-detector measurements less than a few ...

The most stable conformation of twelve 5-trifluoromethyloxazole derivatives was calculated by CONFLEX 5. The optimized structure was determined by CAChe Worksystem 4.9 PM3 method, in the presence (COSMO) or absence (non-COSMO) of water. Higher correlation coefficients for all descriptors were found under COSMO, as compared with non-COSMO conditions. Good correlation was found ...

A medical research protocol on clinical intravenous coronary angiography has been completed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) biomedical beamline. The aim was to investigate the accuracy of intravenous coronary angiography based on the K-edge digital subtraction technique for the detection of in-stent restenosis. For each patient, diagnosis has been performed on the synchrotron ...

In this paper, we present methods for 3D visualization and quantitative measurements of retinal blood flow in rats by the use of optical microangiography imaging technique (OMAG). We use ultrahigh sensitive OMAG to provide high-quality 3D RBF perfusion maps in the rat eye, from which the Doppler angle, as well as the diameters of blood vessels, are ...

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive imaging modality for metabolite detection in different parts of the body (e.g. brain, liver, prostate, breast, kidney, skeletal muscle, and heart) for normal person as well as in various disorders. It aids in providing valuable information for both diagnosis as well as therapeutic monitoring. Though there has been tremendous progress in MRS ...

The development and validation of a novel competitive real-time RT-PCR assay for the absolute quantitation of RNA from a piscine nodavirus are described. The assay utilises simultaneous amplification of target RNA and a recombinant RNA competitor in a single reaction, using the same pair of primers. The target and competitor products are distinguished by ...

X-ray microanalysis of thick biological specimens is of considerable practical interest. Quantitative analysis of this kind of specimens poses some difficulties, and quantitative methods are less well developed than for thin sections. In this tutorial, the various parts of the ZAF-corrections are examined in some detail, and special ...

A quantitative tool, the isoperm method, is described; it quantifies the effect of environmental factors of temperature (T) and percent relative humidity (%RH) on the anticipated useful life expectancy of paper-based collections. The isoperm method provides answers to questions of the expected lifetime of the collection under various ...

Time-resolved absorption spectra were measured in the near-IR wavelength range from 700 to 900 nm with rat heads in vivo under various respiratory conditions, based on our time- resolved microscopic Beer-Lambert law. The spectra were expressed in absolute absorption per unit optical path (cm-1). Applying a regression analysis to the spectra, we obtained ...

An integrated dosimetry and cell irradiation system (IDOCIS) with laser-accelerated proton beams was developed, characterized, calibrated and successfully used for systematic in vitro experiments. Due to the broad exponentially shaped energy spectrum, the low-energy range of the protons (<20 MeV) and the high pulse dose, the absolute dosimetry for this beam quality is ...

An integrated dosimetry and cell irradiation system (IDOCIS) with laser-accelerated proton beams was developed, characterized, calibrated and successfully used for systematic in vitro experiments. Due to the broad exponentially shaped energy spectrum, the low-energy range of the protons (<20 MeV) and the high pulse dose, the absolute dosimetry for this beam quality is ...

We are developing a simple absolute quantitation method for organic compounds, by means of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), with traceability to the International System of Units (SI units). The qNMR method was applied to the absolute ...

BackgroundFew reports of the utilization of an accurate, cost-effective means for measuring HPV oncogene transcripts have been published. Several papers have reported the use of relative quantitation or more expensive Taqman methods. Here, we report a method of absolute quantitative real-time ...