... These are the incremental corotational procedure proposed by Rankin and Brogan and the nonincremental absolute nodal coordinate formulation ...

In this study, higher order beam elements are developed based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation is a finite element procedure that was recently proposed for flexible multibody applications. Many different elements based ...

The objective of this study is to provide interpretation of the deformation modes in the finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation using several strain definitions. In this finite element formulation, the nodal coordinates consist of absolute position ...

The finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation is used in this investigation to study the centrifugal stiffening effects on rotating two- dimensional beams. It is demonstrated that the geometric stiffening effects can be automatically accounted ...

In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a multibody system including very flexible beam elements is presented. The very deformable motion of a beam is demonstrated using absolute nodal coordinate formulation, which is based on finite element procedures, and the general continuum mechanics theory to represent the elastic forces. In order ...

Finite element solution procedures are developed for the analysis of inextensible beam. For this approach, nodal coordinates and direction cosines of a tangent vector in the deformed configuration were adopted as nodal parameters. Element stiffness matric...

Theoretical and practical aspects of an absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) beam finite element implementation are considered in the context of dynamic transient response optimization of elastic manipulators. The proposed implementation is based on the introduction of new nodal degrees of freedom, which is ...

... use of the large deformation finite element absolute nodal ... in the analysis of rotating blades was examined. ... that are used in rotor blade models, and ...

The dynamics of variable-length tethers are studied using a flexible multibody dynamics method. The governing equations of the tethers are derived using a new, hybrid Eulerian and Lagrangian framework, by which the mass flow at a boundary of a tether and the length variation of a tether element are accounted for. The variable-length tether element based on the absolute ...

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient and realistic numerical model in order to predict the dynamic response of belt drives. The belt was modeled as a planar beam element based on an absolute nodal coordinate formulation. A viscoelastic material was adopted for the belt and the corresponding damping and stiffness matrices ...

The Phase 1 project focused on the development of a multiwave interferometer to measure absolute distance. Its applications are in gauging and for measuring absolute position of machine tools, and coordinate measuring machines. This interferometer overcom...

We derive a new nodal method for the neutron diffusion equation using the Nodal Integral Method (NIM) formalism. The new approach is based on a coordinate transformation, reminiscent of that used in boundary fitted coordinates methods, to transform a general parallelogram into a rectangle. The transformed equation ...

Various semiclassical approaches to the quadratic Zeeman effect in the l-mixing region are interpreted in a physically transparent fashion and presented as a short summary report.

The equations of the high order linear nodal numerical scheme are cast in an augmented weighted difference form for three-dimensional Cartesian nodes. The coupling exhibited by these equations indicate that this new algorithm is simpler and hence faster than previous nodal schemes of this degree of accuracy. A well-logging problem and a fast reactor ...

Here we summarize recent work exploring the accuracy of fluxes computed, both by nodal transport methods, and by the simplified-spherical harmonics (SP/sub l/) method. Apparently, significant errors in nodal transport fluxes were first noted by Wagner et al., and attributed to the isotopic-transverse-leakage (ITL) approximation. Later Lawrence detected ...

The nodal methodology is based on retaining a higher a higher degree of analyticity in the process of deriving the discrete-variable equations compared to conventional numerical methods. As a result, extensive numerical testing of nodal methods developed for a wide variety of partial differential equations and comparison of the results to conventional ...

The analysis of high-conversion light water reactors (LWRs) and fast breeder rectors requires effective solution methods for the multigroup neutron diffusion equation in a hexagonal geometry. Nodal diffusion methods have shown remarkable efficiency for rectangular problems in the analysis of current LWRs. In a hexagonal geometry, however, nonparallel boundaries of a hexagon ...

Mammalian left�right determination is a good example for how multiple cell biological processes coordinate in the formation of a basic body plan. The leftward movement of fluid at the ventral node, called nodal flow, is the central process in symmetry breaking on the left�right axis. Nodal flow is autonomously generated by the ...

In the present paper, the motion of a tethered system with large deformation and large displacement is discussed. In general, a tether is a cable or a wire rope, and a tethered system consists of a tether and the equipment attached to the tether. A tethered subsatellite in space is an example of a tethered system. In the present study, a tethered system consisting of a very flexible body (the ...

In this investigation, the formulation of trajectory coordinate constraints in terms of the absolute coordinates is developed for the use in the computer simulations of railroad vehicle system applications. Examples of trajectory coordinate constraints are the specified forward velocity of a vehicle or a wheelset ...

A new discrete nodal transport method has been developed for general two-dimensional curvilinear geometry by using a boundary-fitted coordinate transformation from the general `physical` coordinates to square `computational` coordinates. The metrics which appear in the transformed transport equation are expanded ...

A new discrete nodal transport method has been developed for general two-dimensional curvilinear geometry by using a boundary-fitted coordinate transformation from the general 'physical' coordinates to square 'computational' coordinates. The metrics which appear in the ...

are compared; the code ABAQUS was used to compute the FE solution. The same nodal mesh was used in the two) deformed at 14�s (ABAQUS) deformed at 24�s (ABAQUS) Fig. 2 Nodal mesh for the upper half of the double edge 100 11 (MLPG) 22 (MLPG) 11 (ABAQUS) 22 (ABAQUS) t 100mm 50mm notch 200mm 25mm x-coordinate (mm) 49

An apparatus, program product and method enable nodal fault detection by sequencing communications between all system nodes. A master node may coordinate communications between two slave nodes before sequencing to and initiating communications between a new pair of slave nodes. The communications may be analyzed to determine the nodal ...

In the predominantly digital Defense Communication System (DCS), a requirement exists to coordinate clocks at geographically distinct nodes to handle switched digital traffic and provide a general timing capability. The characteristics of the nodal clocks...

the classical finite element nodal analogs. Its is at this point that we intro - ... tions are written in general orthogonal curvilinear. coordinates. ...... The method used to calculate the gas transport properties is based on ...

A straightforward method of equating degrees of freedom in the SAP finite element code is discussed. Nodal displacements can be equated in either rectangular or cylindrical coordinate systems. The implementation of the method for two-dimensional elements is explicitly defined. 4 figures.

A straightforward method of equating degrees of freedom in the SAP finite element code is discussed. Nodal displacements can be equated in either rectangular or cylindrical coordinate systems. The implementation of the method for two-dimensional elements ...

An apparatus, program product and method enable nodal fault detection by sequencing communications between all system nodes. A master node may coordinate communications between two slave nodes before sequencing to and initiating communications between a n...

and fairs the kinks over a specified surface distance after development of the ...... .9794 . 9956 .0103. Coordinates on L-plane blade sections defined by the ..... a true second flex. Nodal lines are drawn from the results of ...

A Super-Nodal method is developed to improve computational efficiency of core simulations for three-dimensional (3-D) core neutronics models. Computational performance of the neutronics model is increased by reducing the number of spatial nodes used in the core modeling. The Super-Nodal method reduces the errors associated with the use of coarse nodes in ...

A new discrete nodal transport method has been developed for general two-dimensional curvilinear geometry by using a boundary-fitted coordinate transformation from the general 'physical' coordinates to square 'computational' coordinates. The metrics which...

We demonstrate a simple method to directly measure the micromotion speed and amplitude of ions far away from the nodal line of the linear quadrupole trap using the cross-correlation technique. For the ions very close to the trap nodal line, the micromotion speed and amplitude of ions can also be deduced through linear fitting. This work gives us a direct ...

This paper presents an analysis of the quartic polynomial Nodal Expansion Method (NEM) for one-dimensional neutron diffusion calculations. As part of an ongoing effort to develop an adaptive mesh refinement strategy for use in state-of-the-art nodal kinetics codes, we derive a priori error bounds on the computed solution for uniform meshes and validate ...

This paper presents an analysis of the quartic polynomial Nodal Expansion Method (NEM) for one-dimensional neutron diffusion calculations. As part of an ongoing effort to develop an adaptive mesh refinement strategy for use in state-of-the-art nodal kinetics codes, we derive a priori error bounds on the computed solution for uniform meshes and validate ...

In 1972, P. Pechukas

Various nodal methods for solving the discretized transport equation, referred to here collectively as discrete nodal transport methods (DNTMs), have been shown to be superior in computational efficiency to the S{sub N} method. Although zeroth- and first-order multidimensional DNTMs have been developed and applied to fuel assembly, shielding, and ...

... background scale and shape, absolute scale factor, bulk density and coordination numbers, disorder parameters and interatomic distances for the ...

Let's begin with a Cartesian coordinate system K at rest in Newton's absolute space. Let v be the velocity vector of a particle in K. We may represent v in ...

It is commanded in either absolute moves (e.g, go forward three wheel spins) or in an xy coordinate system defined around the lander (e.g., go to waypoint ...

... reaction of a simple two-state binary protein-ligand ... to make a 50:50 mixture of bound and ... coordinates, and S corresponds to solvent degrees of ...

] a scale of degrees of anonymity is provided. The scale ranges from absolute privacy, beyond suspicion of beyond suspicion would be required in order not to be the subject of further investigations in many cases

... A STUDY OF SINGULARITIES IN ... technique is generally applicable, -he ... The on t'.e *-.o, =i- stent lines which Md~u absolute error in the nur-,rical ...

May 18, 2007... the absolute pointing uncertainty of the ASCA satellite by a factor of four. ... pointing problem and show how to update your ASCA sky coordinates. ... on measurement method, source count rate, detector calibration, ...

The purpose of this research has been to develop an advanced Super-Nodal method to reduce the run time of 3-D core neutronics models, such as in the NESTLE reactor core simulator and FORMOSA nuclear fuel management optimization codes. Computational performance of the neutronics model is increased by reducing the number of spatial nodes used in the core modeling. However, as ...

Solution algorithms for solving the Navier-Stokes equations without storing equation matrices are developed. The algorithms operate on a nodal basis, where the finite element information is stored as the co-ordinates of the nodes and the nodes in each element. Temporary storage is needed, such as the search vectors, correction vectors and right hand side ...

Two transformations are derived in this paper. One is a mapping of a unit square onto a surve and the other is a mapping of a unit cube onto a three-dimensional region. Two meshing computer programs are then discussed that use these mappings. The first is INGEN, which has been used to calculate three-dimensional meshes for approximately 15 years. This meshing program uses an index scheme to number ...

It has been demonstrated in earlier work that nodal transport methods can be formulated through the use of a variational form of the even-parity transport equation. The resulting methods have been used to obtain coarse-mesh solutions to two-dimensional P/sub 1/ and P/sub 3/ equations in a response matrix form. The formalism preserves neutron balance in each spatial node, while ...

NODEX is a multigroup nodal diffusion theory code for general three-dimensional reactor analysis. The nodal solution procedure used in the code is based on a high order version of the Nodal Expansion Method (NEM). This transverse integrated nodal method i...

Purpose: To evaluate the use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for nodal staging and its impact on radiotherapy (RT) planning. Methods and Materials: Twenty-two patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), as well as MRI (with routine and DW sequences) prior to neck ...

Discussed is a system for storing 3-D measurements of points that relates the coordinate system of the measurement device to the global coordinate system. The program described here used object-oriented FORTH to store the measured points as sons of the measuring device location. Conversion of local coordinates to ...

to cobalt atoms.35,36 The nanoporous honeycomb structure features an unusual 3-fold coordination of CN. As in the honeycomb structure (Figure 4d), the distances between the N atoms of the molecules and the center point nanomeshsand absent in the chiral onesas for the pure organic phase. This irregularity of the nodal structure

as an introductory and simple guide to common Matlab commands employed in the FEM codes analysed in the sequel.nnod=sscanf(tline,'%d'); The code '%d' tells Matlab that we want to read an integer. Then, line by line, all the nodal coordinatesShort introduction to Matlab Attilio Frangi 13 janvier 2006 1 Matlab commands This document serves

ORMGEN.PC (Oak Ridge Mesh GENeration. Personal Computer) automatically generates two-dimensional finite-element models for either cracked or uncracked structures. Element connectivities and nodal point coordinates are written in formats that are compatibl...

The information form of the Kalman filter is used as a device for implementing an optimal, linear, decentralized algorithm on a decentralized topology. A systems approach utilizing design tradeoffs is required to successfully implement an effective data fusion network with minimal communication. Combining decentralized results over the past four decades with practical aspects of ...

A mathematical model has been developed for the time-dependent heat conduction process in a region of arbitrary geometry. An alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme has been worked out for the computer solution of the problem in three space dimensions. The time and nodal propagation of the errors are depicted graphically. Also included in the computer software is a ...

A nodal triangle-based spectral element (SE) method for the shallow water equations on the sphere is presented. The original SE method uses quadrilateral elements and high-order nodal Lagrange polynomials, constructed from a tensor-product of the Legendre Gauss Lobatto points. In this work, we construct the high-order Lagrange polynomials directly on the ...

Human subjects swung, through motions at the two wrists, hand-held pendulums of variable mass and length. Within a pair, the two pendulums could be of the same or different magnitude. The subjects were required to produce a coordinated state in which the two rhythmic units oscillated at a single common period. Fifty-four conditions of absolute ...

... Title : THE EFFECTS OF THE NODAL REGRESSION OF THE ORBIT ON THE GRAVITY PRECESSION OF A GYROSCOPIC SATELLITE. ...

The Cartesian to geodetic coordinate transformation problem is modeled as a minimization problem for the height of an object above the reference ellipsoid. Cartesian coordinate of footprint of the object is directly derived and a new closed form solution to transform geocentric rectangular coordinates to geodetic ...

New global diabatic potential energy surfaces of the electronic states {sup 1}B{sub 1} and {sup 1}A{sub 2} of ozone and the non-adiabatic coupling surface between them are constructed from electronic structure calculations. These surfaces are used to study the visible photodissociation in the Chappuis band by means of quantum mechanical calculations. The calculated absorption spectrum and its ...

The establishment of the left-right (LR) asymmetry of the zebrafish heart involves at least two discrete events: cardiac jogging and cardiac looping. The nodal-related gene southpaw is required for both aspects of heart LR asymmetry as well as for LR patterning of other visceral organs. Reductions in southpaw activity abolish the normal LR biases of jogging and looping and ...

Nuclear reactor stability via nodal kinetics equations is dealt with in this paper. Each reactor node can present a feedback effect due to the variation of the nodal power. Both the nonlinearity implied by the product of nodal power times nodal power feed...

This Perspective reviews the impact of exciton coupling on the spectroscopic properties of coordination compounds. Exciton coupling features arise in electronic absorption and circular dichroism spectra when chromophores are brought into close spatial proximity, for example by coordination to a metal centre. The analysis of these features can reveal much ...

We describe a high-resolution, real-time 3D absolute coordinate measurement system based on a phase-shifting method. It acquires 3D shape at 30 frames per second (fps), with 266K points per frame. A tiny marker is encoded in the projected fringe pattern, and detected by software from the texture image and the gamma map. Absolute 3D ...

In 1972, P. Pechukas (J. Chem. Phys. 57, 5577 (1972)) proposed ''classical states'' associated with Miller-Good transformations, semiclassical quantization, and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. In this paper we use some of the concepts established by Pechukas and extend them to define generalized curvilinear coordinates gamma-arrow-right ...

BackgroundThe determination of left/right body axis during early embryogenesis sets up a developmental cascade that coordinates the development of the viscera and is essential to the correct placement and alignment of organ systems and vasculature. Defective left-right patterning can lead to congenital cardiac malformations, vascular anomalies and other serious health ...

Absolute Spacetime Theories conceived for the purpose of testing Special Relativity (SR) are reviewed. It is found that most theories proposed were in fact SR in different coordinate systems, since in general no specific SR violations were introduced. Mod...

Treatments = 1) Absolute control, 2) Farm yard manure added, 3) N-fertilizer ... 2. Jabalpur Centre, Madhya Pradesh (All India Coordinated Research Project ...

The free energy of a charged BOLTZMANN gas for low temperature is calculated using the method of collective coordinates. The results are exact at high density. The results are also applicable to a charged boson gas at absolute zero.

It is proved that a pure-dimensional analytic subvariety V of the space of n complex variables is algebraic if and only if the absolute values of the coordinates of the points of V satisfy certain inequalities. The following is obtained as a special case:...

We complete the coordinate space calculation of the three-parton correlation in the two-loop massive soft anomalous dimension matrix. The full answer agrees with the result found previously by a different approach. The coordinate space treatment of renormalized two-loop gluon exchange diagrams exhibits their color symmetries in a transparent fashion. We ...

Establishing a Cartesian coordinate reference system for an existing Compact Antenna Range using the parabolic reflector is presented. A SMX (Spatial Metrix Corporation) M/N 4000 laser-based coordinate measuring system established absolute coordinates for the facility. Electric field characteristics with positional ...

... th nodal point (xi, yi) the distance to the ... typical statistic is a few millions distances between nodal ... distributions for different cavities are related to the ...

When the perturbation affecting a Keplerian motion is proportional to r to the -n (n greater than or equal to 3), a canonical transformation of Lie type will convert the system into one in which the perturbation is proportional to r to the -2. Because it removes parallactic factors, the transformation is called the elimination of the parallax. In the main problem for the theory of artificial ...

In this paper a smoothing procedure is suggested for the 3D beam-to-beam contact. A smooth segment is defined basing on current position vectors of three nodes limiting two adjacent finite elements. The approximated fragment of a beam axis as a 3D curve spans between the centre points of these elements. The curve is described parametrically using three Hermite polynomials. The four boundary ...

The usual strategy for solving the neutron diffusion equation in two or three dimensions by nodal methods is to reduce the multidimensional partial differential equation to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in the separate spatial coordinates. This reduction is accomplished by �transverse integration� of the equation.1 For example, in ...

For a three-dimensional shape measurement system with a single projector and multiple cameras, registering patches from different cameras is crucial. Registration usually involves a complicated and time-consuming procedure. We propose a new method that can robustly match different patches via absolute phase without significantly increasing its cost. For y and z ...

For a three-dimensional shape measurement system with a single projector and multiple cameras, registering patches from different cameras is crucial. Registration usually involves a complicated and time-consuming procedure. We propose a new method that can robustly match different patches via absolute phase without significantly increasing its cost. For y and z ...

The finite element method was successfully applied for the simulation of several forming processes. However, it does not represent an absolute reference point because of the high transformations in the computational domain in some real processes. These induce a significant worsening of the results caused by the mesh distortions. The use of remeshing techniques both increases ...

The stability of local fourfold coordination for divalent and trivalent metal ions in liquid mixtures of polyvalent metal halides and alkali halides is classified by means of structural coordinates obtained from properties of the elements. In parallel with earlier classifications of compound crystal structures and molecular shapes, the elemental properties ...

To accurately reconstruct a shower axis from the Fluorescence Detector data it is essential to establish with high precision the absolute pointing of the telescopes. To d that they calculate the absolute pointing of a telescope using sky background data acquired during regular data taking periods. The method is based on the knowledge of bright ...

Absolute anchorages proved to be very effective for orthodontic tooth movements. We used a 3D digitizer to record each tooth on pre-treatment diagnostic and post-treatment predictive setup models and then 3D coordinate system conversion was performed to make the coordinate values comparable. An arithmetic calculation of vector and ...

... Title : ORBITAL PARAMETERS. PART I. INCLINATION AND NODAL CROSSING OF THE ORBITAL PLANE FROM RADAR DATA. ...

... would deform or oscillate in the desired mode. ... the optimization process the nodal density values, i ... optimal values of the nodal densities such that ...

... Accession Number : ADA054874. Title : Actions of Lidocaine on Atrial and Nodal Transmembrane Potentials in Guinea Pig and Rabbit,. ...

Cilia and flagella commonly beat in a coordinated manner. Examples include the flagella that Volvox colonies use to move, the cilia that sweep foreign particles up out of the human airway, and the nodal cilia that set up the flow that determines the left-right axis in developing vertebrate embryos. In this talk we present an experimental study of how ...

A Generalized hybrid variational principle is presented that includes, as special cases, hybrid variational principles for the Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations. This generalized hybrid principle approximates force equilibrium and constitutive equations. This report is an extension of a similar report entitled ''Generalized Finite Strains, Generalized Stresses, and a Hybrid ...

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) is an advanced simulation methodology for studies of manybody quantum systems. The QMC approaches combine analytical insights with stochastic computational techniques for efficient solution of several classes of important many-body problems such as the stationary Schr�dinger equation. QMC methods of various flavors have been applied to a great variety of systems ...

The first stages of embryonic differentiation are driven by signaling pathways hardwired to induce particular fates. Endoderm commitment is controlled by the TGF-? superfamily member, Nodal, which utilizes the transcription factors, SMAD2/3, SMAD4 and FOXH1, to drive target gene expression. While the role of Nodal is well defined within the context of ...

Purpose: To compare the dose distribution to targeted and nontargeted tissues in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients using conventional radiotherapy (CRT), intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), and three-dimensional proton RT (3D-PRT). Methods and Materials: CRT, IMRT, and 3D-PRT treatment plans delivering 30 cobalt Gray equivalent (CGE)/Gy to an involved nodal field were created ...

We study the efficiency, precision and accuracy of all-electron variational and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations using Slater basis sets. Starting from wave functions generated by Hartree-Fock and density functional theory, we describe an algorithm to enforce the electron-nucleus cusp condition by linear projection. For the 55 molecules in the G2 set, the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo ...

Evidence from the oscillatory behavior of fish fins and the crayfish swimmeret system suggests that local rhythmic-pattern generators preserve their characteristic properties over the various locomotory co-ordinations in which they participate. This maintenance tendency, as von Holst termed it, was investigated in an experiment in which human subjects swung, through motions at ...

The Cancer and Acute Leukemia Group B studied the effect of combination chemotherapy--radiotherapy on Stage III Hodgkin's disease. Chemotherapy consisting of 4 weekly doses of vinblastine and one dose of mechlorethamine hydrochloride was followed by no therapy (CT), radiation to involved fields (CTIF), or total nodal radiation (CTTN). Two other treatment arms included ...

In this paper, a three-dimensional nano-scale finite element formulation is developed to model atomic and molecular level interactions. Two types of new elements are formulated: chemical bond element and van der Waal element. Firstly, nodal force- displacement relations of chemical bonds and van der Waal bonds are established based upon atomic force fields. Chemical bond ...

Most transient dynamics analysis programs employ explicit time integration with a lumped (diagonalized) mass matrix. These programs predict the response of solids to intense dynamic loads, such as crash, penetration, or explosive loads. The explicit integration architecture avoids the solution of coupled matrix equations, which is of great advantage in these highly nonlinear problems. Explicit ...

Geminin plays an important role in coordinating the cell cycle with anterior-posterior patterning during embryonic development. However, whether it is involved in the regulation of left-right (LR) patterning remains unknown. Here, we reported that geminin is required for setting up heart and visceral laterality during zebrafish development. Defective heart and visceral ...

Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element torso models are widely used to simulate defibrillation field quantities, such as potential, gradient, and current density. These quantities are computed at spatial nodes that comprise the torso model. These spatial nodes typically number between 10(5) and 10(6), which makes the comprehension of torso defibrillation simulation output difficult. Therefore, the ...

The point kinetics model for nuclear reactors can be derived in a formally exact way by defining an amplitude function T/sub t/ (a weighted sum of all the neutrons present in the reactor at time t) and a shape function (the time-dependent, space-energy distribution of neutron flux divided by T/sub t/). For many transients the shape function remains fairly constant and can be approximated by some ...

The Fokker-Planck equation is important in the kinetic theory of plasmas for the description of long-range coulomb collisions of charged particles. Hence, it is used extensively in modeling fusion devices, such as magnetic mirrors and certain aspects of tokamaks. The authors have developed a nodal integral method (NIM) for the accurate numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck ...

The accurate prediction of absolute protein-ligand binding free energies is one of the grand challenge problems of computational science. Binding free energy measures the strength of binding between a ligand and a protein, and an algorithm that would allow its accurate prediction would be a powerful tool for rational drug design. Here we present the development of a new method ...

The accurate prediction of absolute protein-ligand binding free energies is one of the grand challenge problems of computational science. Binding free energy measures the strength of binding between a ligand and a protein, and an algorithm that would allow its accurate prediction would be a powerful tool for rational drug design. Here we present the development of a new method ...

Nodal signals belong to the TGF-? superfamily and are essential for the induction of mesoderm and endoderm and the determination of the left�right axis. Nodal signals can act as morphogens�they have concentration-dependent effects and can act at a distance from their source of production. Nodal and its feedback inhibitor Lefty form ...

Objective: To evaluate whether rock climbing type exercise would be of value in rehabilitating ankle injuries to improve ankle stability and coordination. Results: The rock climbers showed significantly better results in the stabilometry and greater absolute and relative maximum strength of flexion in the ankle. The soccer players showed greater ...

We consider reaction-diffusion instabilities in a flow reactor whose cross-section slowly expands with increasing longitudinal coordinate (cone shaped reactor). Due to deceleration of the flow in this reactor, the instability is convective near the inlet to the reactor and absolute at the downstream end. In sustained regimes the two regions are separated ...

Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose analogue [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ({sup 18}F-FDG-PET) has been used in radiation treatment planning for non-small-cell carcinoma. To date, lymph nodes have been contoured according to the uptake of the tumor. This prospective study was performed to evaluate if nodal volume delineates according to FDG uptake ...

The concept of whether immune function was related to risk of recurrence was examined in patients with operable breast cancer in whom careful clinical and pathologic staging had been performed. Patients were classified according to the risk of recurrence. The "low risk" group included patients with minimal breast cancer, noninfiltrating cancer, or infiltrating cancer less than 1 cm with negative ...

This paper examines a series of measurements made to determine the proper motion and parallax of Barnard's Star using differential astrometry. In differential astrometry, the same reference stars are used for every coordinate determination. Although the absolute coordinate solution is offset by a constant due to the imprecisely known ...

A coordinated rhythmic movement pattern is a dynamical activity involving many hidden layers of rhythmic subtasks. To investigate this dynamical substructure, spectroscopic concepts and methods were applied to an interlimb rhythmic movement task requiring 1:1 frequency locking of two hand-held pendulums in 180 degrees phase relation. The pendulums could be of identical or very ...

Continuous and precision controlled photomosaic maps of the MER A Meridiani Planum and the MER B Gusev Crater landing sites were used for mission operations to target the incoming rovers to the surface of Mars during Mars approach. Sets of photomosaics were composed from Viking Orbiter images (60 m/pixel) and also from Odyssey THEMIS Infrared images (100 m/pixel). After landing, surface panoramic ...

A linear analysis is presented for pulse shapes produced by a spatial and temporal delta-function disturbance of cyclotron-resonance-maser modes for the case where the initial equilibrium state is free of radiation. A pinch-point analysis based on the theory of Briggs and Bers is employed. Numerical and analytical techniques are developed for the straightforward calculation of pinch-point ...