Why is it that the public can read and write but only a few understand statistical information? Why are elementary distinctions, such as that between absolute and relative risks, not better known? In the absence of statistical literacy, key democratic ideals, such as informed consent and shared decision making in health care, will remain science fiction. ...
PubMed
When applying the contingent valuation method (CVM) in risk reduction studies, some studies report that willingness to pay (WTP) is insensitive to the magnitude of risk reduction while other studies do not. On the other hand, social-psychological research has shown that the affect heuristic biases judgments on probability, relative frequency, and ...
It is argued that there should be an agreement as to what conventions to use in determining absolute
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
... Abstract : The perceptions of risks (eg, diseases ... the proximities among 18 risks induced by ... representation and for the analysis of risk perception. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
BackgroundCommunicating risk is part of primary prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke, collectively referred to as cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Australia, health organisations have promoted an absolute risk approach, thereby raising the question of suitable standardised formats for risk ...
PubMed Central
The present report deals with a discretization procedure for profile families with an analytical representation. The method faciliate a digital representation with a well-defined absolute error tolerance, and is illustrated by application to NACA 4-digit,...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Absolute cancer risk is the probability that an individual with given risk factors and a given age will develop cancer over a defined period of time. In collaboration with investigators in the NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), staff of the Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch (RFMMB) ...
Cancer.gov
The following risk prediction models (either absolute risk assessment or genetic susceptibility risk prediction models) are grouped by cancer site and whether their methodology and results have been peer-reviewed.
The theory and practice of risk measurement provides a point of intersection between risk management, economic theories of choice under risk, financial economics, and actuarial pricing theory. This article provides a review of these interrelationships, from the perspective of an insurance company seeking to price the ...
In this paper we discuss representations of law invariant coherent risk measures in a form of integrals of .... It is natural to use here the space Z := L1(?,F,P). The ...
E-print Network
Although a key function of cancer genetics services is to provide risk information, to date there has been little consistency in the way in which breast cancer risk perception has been measured. The aims of the study were to measure estimates of (i) population risk, (ii) absolute risk and (iii) ...
"Representation of the world, like the world itself, is the work of men; they describe it from their own point of view, which they confuse with the absolute truth. " 1
... could render our spatial task into a temporal or even ... the first lobe and the second lobe is the ... If the absolute difference between lobes exceeds this ...
A unified representation for web data and web resources, is absolutely necessary in nowdays large scale Internet data management systems. This representation will allow for the machines to meaningfully process the available information and provide semantically correct answers to imposed queries. Ontologies are expected to play an ...
The tools estimate a person's risk of developing a particular type of cancer over a certain period of time, for example the next 5 years. Doctors call this type of estimate a person's absolute risk.
It is important to understand how the quality of people's decision making may be affected by the format used to present treatment benefits. Two experiments compared the accuracy of presenting the benefits of cancer screening tests or vaccines using either absolute or relative risk formats that included baseline risk information. ...
Absolute Risk of Breast Cancer age 40 mother had breast cancer nulliparous no biopsies menarche age 14 What is the chance that she will be diagnosed with breast cancer between ages 40 and 70?
... PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII, *LYMPHOCYTES, RISK, MANAGEMENT, HUMANS, CELLS, PNEUMONIA, INFANTS, HEALTH, NUMBERS, FAMILY ...
interpretation of terms such as "absolute liability" and "minimize risk" that exist in documents like the. Charter of the United Nations, ...
NASA Website
the asteroid relative to the Earth, assuming a massless Earth. H Absolute Magnitude is an intrinsic measure of brightness. It is the apparent magnitude of the object when it is 1...
Science.gov Websites
Shared decision making relies on the exchange of information between the physician and the patient and the involvement of both patient and physician in making the decision. Informed shared decision making thus requires that patients and doctors understand the benefits and harms of different treatment options. This, however, is severely undermined by what we call collective statistical illiteracy. ...
A new theory of knowledge representation is proposed, called Cognitive Representation Theory (CRT). CRT encompasses representational ideas that have emerged from work in semantic networks, frames, frame semantics, and Conceptual Dependency. The theory attempts to meet certain desiderata for a meaning ...
Energy Citations Database
Skip to Content Cancer Control and Population Sciences Home Applied Research Home Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Home Cancer Risk Prediction Models Introduction About Risk Prediction Models Peer-reviewed Models & Tools Breast Cancer Absolute Gene
provides a differentiated interpretation of risk perception depending on the context is illustrated in different settings. In the setup of random variables, where risk perception can be interpreted as a model perception can be viewed as a distributional risk and we discuss in particular the case of the "Value at ...
The spontaneous symmetry breaking pattern for SU(n) and 0(10) is discussed. It is based on the exact treatment of the absolute minimum of the Higgs potential as a function of scalar fields belonging to the fundamental and adjoint representations of SU(n),...
The status of the quark mixing matrix is reviewed. New lower bounds on absolute value of sin delta and on sin beta /sin THETA in the Maiani representation follow from a maximum top quark mass of 50 GeV. Recent data relevant to possible S, P, and T couplin...
... The video makes representations about the benefits ofViagra in the treatment of erectile dysfunction but fails to disclose any risk information associated with ...
Center for Drug Evaluation (CDER)
... representation or guarantee as to their accuracy or reliability. The association receives funding primarily from individuals; foundations ...
MedlinePLUS
... representation or warranty as to their accuracy or reliability. The association receives funding primarily from individuals; foundations ...
... The video is misleading because it makes representations about the use of Atelvia, but fails to present any risks associated with the use of Atelvia and fails ...
... not be the same answer for every ethnic group in terms of at-risk alleles. ... There was an over- representation of diabetes in the sequenced population ...
... equality across the groups�equality of risks for the ... the Diversity Representation Ratio�a risk ratio that ... part to its �one-time marijuana usage� policy ...
A renormalized Feynman amplitude expressed in the ?-parameters is defined by introducing a subtraction operator acting directly upon the ?-integrand. Different forms of this subtraction operator are discussed. We define the isotropic and nonisotropic normal products and we give a more general oversubtraction rule which ensures both the absolute convergence of the amplitude and ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
TEMAC is designed to permit the user to easily estimate risk and to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analyses with a Boolean expression such as produced by the SETS computer program. SETS produces a mathematical representation of a fault tree used to model system unavailability. In the terminology of the TEMAC program, such a mathematical ...
Descriptive Models and Radiation Risk Assessment Ethel Gilbert May 12, 2004 What is a descriptive model? � Function that relates risk (relative or absolute) to dose and factors that might modify risk � Factors might include sex, age at exposure,
An interactive tool designed by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of California, San Francisco, to estimate a person's absolute risk of developing invasive melanoma. The tool helps clinicians identify individuals at higher risk of melanoma in order to plan appropriate ...
Evidence from observational studies has suggested that carbohydrate quality rather than absolute intake is associated with greater risk of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between carbohydrate intake and glycemic index and several cardiovascular disease risk f...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Although the absolute number of patients who experienced serious cardiovascular events while taking these drugs was small, the increased risk still needs to be balanced against the drugs� potential for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer in people with a very high likelihood of developing that disease.
Support mechanisms and resources to validate risk models Develop innovative new statistical methods for validating and evaluating absolute and genetic susceptibility risk prediction models for various applications.
, an element of danger. Dealing with it politically is quite another matter. It is risk. This collection and an absolutely clean environment. 1 Harvey M. Sapolsky, ed., Consuming Fears: The Politics of Product Risks (New-based regulation is that risks would continue to be selected and regulated on political ...
Knowledge elicitation is an important aspect of risk analysis. Knowledge about risks must be accurately elicited from experts for use in risk assessments. Knowledge and perceptions of risks must also be accurately elicited from the public in order to inte...
The spontaneous symmetry breaking pattern for SU(n) and 0(10) is discussed. It is based on the exact treatment of the absolute minimum of the Higgs potential as a function of scalar fields belonging to the fundamental and adjoint representations of SU(n), the spinor and adjoint representations of 0(10). 2 tables.
DOE Information Bridge
It would be extremely advantageous, from the point of view of the planning of experiments and of the testing of theoretical models by such experiments, if a representation of the reaction matrix could be found such that the differential cross section is given by the absolute value squared of a single amplitude, and the simplest type of polarization ...
This book consists of essays on various aspects of risk, each written by one or more experts. The basic concepts of risk are covered by chapters that put risk into perspective and raise the question: How safe is safe enough These essays explain why there are no absolute answers to such a question. Three case ...
Increasing blood pressure has a continuum of adverse risk for cardiovascular events. Traditionally this single measure was used to determine who to treat and how vigorously. However, estimating absolute risk rather than measurement of a single risk factor such as blood pressure is a superior method to identify who ...
We developed a computer-based tailored risk presentation and risk communication aid for colorectal cancer prevention. To evaluate the effectiveness of the tool, we randomized 353 participants to receive different risk presentation formats (relative plus absolute risk vs. ...
The finite Heisenberg group knows when the dimension of Hilbert space is a square number. Remarkably, it then admits a representation such that the entire Clifford group--the automorphism group of the Heisenberg group--is represented by monomial phase-permutation matrices. This has a beneficial influence on the amount of calculation that must be done to find Symmetric ...
Some ethicists argue that patient confidentiality is absolute and thus should never be broken. I examine these arguments that when critically scrutinised, become porous. I will explore the concept of patient confidentiality and argue that although, this is a very important medical and bioethical issue, this needs to be wisely delivered to reduce third party harm or even ...
The final surface does not present absolute values of total economic .... World Data Center for Human Interactions in the Environment � Supplemental Info ...
... not on alert. ... �Absolute� de-alerting is the idea that all nuclear forces should be de-alerted (or even the full ICBM or SLBM force individually). ...
... The answer depends upon whether we are talking about the absolute number of crimes or the crime rate per 100,000 inhabitants, the type of crime ...
