... source in water and in two aluminum and water mixtures. ... By use of experimentally determined counting efficiencies, absolute saturation activities ...

The determination of absolute neutron fluxes by white beam activation of thick gold foils in conjunction with spectral analysis by time-of-flight monitors is described. A numerical integration procedure is presented and the method applied to determining t...

The necessity of correcting the measurements of the beta activity of dense sources is indicated. The principle of the correction for self-absorption is explained, and a method used to determine the coefficient of correction to apply to make an absolute measure of the activity when radiation does not contain ...

We investigated the possibility of absolute source activity measurements by a single gamma spectrometer. The measurements were performed for three (point, cylinder and Marinelly shaped) calibrated 152Eu sources. Making use of data on peak, sum-peak and total spectrum area in the single spectrum, we developed the ...

A method for measurement of the absolute activity of beta sources is proposed that has high accuracy and takes into absorption of the soft component of the spectrum in the backing, which allows backings of various thicknesses (down to a half-absorption layer) to be used.

Many ''sources'' of radioactive substances possess cylindrical geometry (waste drums for example) and gamma spectrometric detectors, as far as their active (selective) elements are concerned, are generally characterised by rotational symmetry about an axi...

Most photoneutron sources used at present contain beryllium as the target material, more rarely deuterium. The photon sources are obtained by activation of suitable materials, such as antimony, in a reactor. For determination of the neutron yield the photoneutrons are compared with absolutely calibrated ...

An international intercomparison of absolute activity measurements of a solution of Se-75, organized by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, France, in 1992, has been carried out. The methodology and results are presented. Source preparation, ex...

... AD0822914. Title : ABSOLUTE DOSE MEASUREMENTS ON A MEGACURIE CO-60 SOURCE BY MEANS OF CALORIMETRY. ...

>The EMIA-1 pulse ionization chamber is designed for the absolute measurement of the alpha activity of sources, where the intensity is of the order of several tenths of a microcurie. The apparatus is easy to operate and gives reproducible results. The characteristics of the EMIA-1 are reported, and a schematic is given. ...

... Title : A PULSED LIGHT SOURCE WITH RADIATION SIMILAR TO THE RADIATION OF AN ABSOLUTELY BLACK BODY AT A TEMPERATURE OF ...

Accuracy of 10% is demanded to the absolute fusion measurement on ITER. To achieve this accuracy, a functional combination of several types of neutron measurement subsystem, cross calibration among them, and in situ calibration are needed. Neutron transport calculation shows the suitable calibration source is a DT/DD neutron generator of ...

Accuracy of 10% is demanded to the absolute fusion measurement on ITER. To achieve this accuracy, a functional combination of several types of neutron measurement subsystem, cross calibration among them, and in situ calibration are needed. Neutron transport calculation shows the suitable calibration source is a DT/DD neutron generator of ...

The absolute measurement of Ru/sup 103/ activities is complicated by adsorption in the source of the soft electrons associated with the decay. It is shown that Rut03 in an equilibrium source of Ru/sup 103/--Rh/sup 103/-- can be measured to be better than plus or minus 2% by sandwiching normal 4 ...

Absolute efficiency of the NaI(Tl) 5 inch x 5 inch counter for a round filter paper was calculated using standard radioactive sources cesium-137, manganese-54 and cobalt-60. The calculated efficiency can be used in determining the activity of the mentione...

A formula is given to evaluate the correction for geometry and window effects when a G-M counter is employed to determine the absolute activity of a mitter. The results were obtained in a geometry close to 2 pi . Relationship between mass-absorption coefficient and maximum energy of articles was found experimentally by employing five ...

An absolute calibration of a radium-beryllium neutron source showed the strength to be 1.45 x 10/sup 7/ neutrons/ second. The calibration technique consisted in neutron absorption by a manganese solution with subsequent measurement of the beta activity of the solution. Equations were derived to compute neutron ...

This report describes the design and initial noise floor measurements of a radiometric calorimeter designed to measure therapeutic medical radioactive sources. The instrument demonstrates a noise floor of approximately 2 nW. This low noise floor is achieved by using high temperature superconducting (HTS) transition edge sensor (TES) thermometers in a temperature-control ...

In this paper we present a prototype of a new class of detectors, metallic magnetic calorimeters operating at cryogenic temperatures, which we are developing for absolute activity measurement of low-energy-emitting radionuclides. We explain the detection principle and give a detailed description of the realisation of the prototype, containing an (55)Fe ...

An absolute calibration technique for a spontaneously fissioning nuclide (which involves no arbitrary parameters) allows unique determination of the detector efficiency for that nuclide, hence of the fission source strength.

The neutron emission rate or a Ra- alpha -Be source of the National Research Council was measured by moderating the neutrons in manganese sulfate solution surrounding the source. Some of the thermal neutrons captured in the bath produce manganese-56, and the neutron emission rate is found from an absolute determination of the ...

... Plasmodium falciparum: Role of Absolute Stereochemistry in the Antimalarial Activity of Synthetic Amino Alcohol Antimalarial Agents ...

... Title : Plasmodium Falciparum: Role of Absolute Stereochemistry in the Antimalarial Activity of Synthetic Amino Alcohol Antimalarial Agents. ...

Large volume and small discrete sources of Tc-99m were used to study the spatial resolution, sensitivity, linearity and reproducibility of the radionuclide brain imager. The spatial resolution is constant both within and perpendicular to the section. For uniform distributions of activity the response is uniform over the field of view, and the mean pixel ...

The absolute densities of N2(A3?u+), N(4So), and N(2Do) in an inductively coupled nitrogen plasma source were measured by cavity-ringdown and vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopies. It was found that the densities of the above three active species were on the same order of 1017 m-3. We observed the decrease in N2(A3?u+) density ...

. We present multi-frequency radio data for 741 extragalactic sources with a 5 GHz integrated ux density of > 100 mJy. These sources have been selected from a cross-correlation of an early ROSAT All-Sky Survey source list with a list of compact radio sources of the 5 GHz Green Bank northern sky survey (RGB ...

Light source having absolute spectral energy distribution for standardizing star tracker calibration

In measuring the absolute activity of soft- BETA emitters such as S/sup 35/, the main error arises from self-absorption of BETA radiation by the source. A method of preparing a S/sup 35/ source having only slight self-absorption, and of estimating the self-absorption of this source, ...

Formulae permitting to determine the rates of parent nuclei production reactions in activation conditions in nonstationary flux, based on activation of daughter nuclei, are derived. An expression for decay correction while measuring the daughter nuclei ac...

The neutron emission rate for the National Bureau of Standards radium-- beryllium ( gamma ,n) standard source (NBS-I) was redetermined by a relative comparison to an antimomy-beryllium source, which had been calibrated absolutely in a heavy water manganous sulfate solution through an indirect method involving 4 pi BETA - ...

Fine atmospheric particulate material was collected at five sites in upstate New York and analyzed for its trace element composition by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Of the 3700 daily samples collected over a 2-yr period, 1459 were analyzed for 39 elements, providing a large and detailed data set. Factor analysis (FA) was used to identify potential pollution ...

The absolute neutron yield of the 14 MeV Frascati neutron generator (FNG) is routinely measured by means of the associated alpha-particle method with a silicon surface barrier detector (SSD). This paper describes the work carried out to characterize the neutron source in terms of absolute intensity and angle-energy distribution of the ...

The necessity of establishing the traceability of dose measurement in brachytherapy [sup 192]Ir sources is realized by physicians and researchers in the medical field. Standard sources of various shapes such as [open quotes]hairpin,[close quotes] [open quotes]single pin,[close quotes] [open quotes]thin wire,[close quotes] and [open quotes]seed[close ...

Absolute measurements of weak neutron fluxes were achieved by activated manganese. A scintillation gamma counter calibrated to 4- pi beta-gamma coincidences was used for measuring the absolute activity of Mn/sup 56/. (R.V.J.)

Neutron activation cross sections were measured at 195 kev (50 kev energy spread) for about 30 isotopes, bY absolute gamma counting. Absolute calibration was effected by determining the RdTh-D/sub 2/O neutron source strength with a flat response 4 pi graphite sphere neutron counter, and irradiating indium ...

A method of absolute nuclear material assay of an unknown source comprising counting neutrons from the unknown source and providing an absolute nuclear material assay utilizing a model to optimally compare to the measured count distributions. In one embodiment, the step of providing an absolute ...

... Title : INFLUENCE OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE PROPERTIES ON THE DETERMINATION OF CELLULASE ACTIVITY IN ABSOLUTE ...

... Descriptors : *TEST METHODS, *RADIO ALTIMETERS, ACTIVATION, OPERATIONAL READINESS, PERFORMANCE(ENGINEERING ...

Radiostrontium is determined in sea water by precipitation from an aliquot in the presence of strontium carrier. Interfering radionuclides are removed by a series of precipitations and scavenges before the radiochemically pure strontium is precipitated as the oxalate. The absolute activity is determined by comparison with a standard ...

The absolute and relative methods for radioactive sources calibration, like 4 (Pi)(beta)-(gamma) and 4(Pi)(gamma) ionization chamber respectively, allows to reach 0,1% of exactiness in activity measurement, but cannot distinguish radioactive impurities th...

Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response.

A method is proposed for calculating the optimal regimes of a power system; it is based on separating the equations into the active- and reactive-power balances with allowance for the constraints imposed on the active and reactive powers, the absolute values of the node voltages, and the transformer ratios of the transformers in the ...

This paper aims to evaluate the performance of the source description of the THOR BNCT beam via different measurement techniques in different phantoms. The measurement included (1) the absolute reaction rate measurement of a set of triple activation foils, (2) the neutron and gamma-ray dose rates measured using the paired ionization ...

The measurement of the absolute activity or the mass of radioactive substances by gamma spectrometry needs to include a correction for the radiation absorption inside the source volume, the so-called self-absorption factor. It depends on geometry and material composition of the source, the detector geometry and on ...

Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation, and genetic variation is absolutely should make the study of mutation the foundation of evolutionary genetics. Unfortunately, this is very of deleterious mutations. Genetic information is encoded in nucleic acids; genetic variation is created when

This method covers procedures for determining the energy-fluence spectra of neutron sources used in radiation-hardness testing of electronic semiconductor devices. The type of sources specifically covered by this method are prompt critical assemblies, such as Godiva- or Triga-type reactors, used in either a steady-state or fast-pulse mode. This method is ...

The method covers procedures for determining the energy-fluence spectra of neutron sources used in radiation-hardness testing of electronic semiconductor devices. The type of sources specifically covered by this method are prompt critical assemblies, such as Godiva- to Triga-type reactors, used in either a steady-state or fast-pulse mode. The method is not ...

A method for determining the specific alpha activity of thick sources using a large area ZnS(Ag) scintillation detector is presented. In this method a quadratic relationship between the detector response and window thickness is assumed. This method provides a quick estimation of alpha activity in the sample, so it is an indicative ...

... SOURCE MADE OF PIEZOELECTRIC POLYMER (PVDF) MATERIAL ... AND ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF ULTRASONIC HYDROPHONE PROBES ...

... (Author). Descriptors : , (*MASS SPECTROSCOPY, SPARKS), SENSITIVITY, PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSIONS, MASS SPECTRA, LINE SPECTRA ...

... may then be used to make absolute measurements of other radio sources. ... and 3100 megacycles which was found to be constant at 230 and 223 K ...

... with a calibration traced to the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Optronics Laboratories, Inc. The irradiance lamp is held a known ...

... be investigated to determine the usefulness of these planets as infrared calibration sources. Descriptors : *JUPITER(PLANET), *VENUS(PLANET ...

... force measurements on cells with and without transference, vapor pressure data (relative and absolute), ultracentrifuge measurements, diffusion ...

The RHRM equations, as represented in methodology and code presented in this report, are primarily a collection of key factors normally used in risk assessment that are relevant to understanding the hazards and risks associated with projected mitigation, cleanup, and risk management activities. The RHRM code has broad application potential. For example, it can be used to ...

The methodology presented in this document was developed to provide a means of calculating the RH ratios to use in developing useful graphic illustrations. The RH equation, as presented in this methodology, is primarily a collection of key factors relevant to understanding the hazards and risks associated with projected risk management activities. The RH equation has the ...

Cellulase activity has been determined in absolute terms for four different cellulases with eighteen different CM-celluloses as substrates. The investigated CM-celluloses rank the enzymic activity in the same order. Conversion factors of enzymic activity ...

The possibility of using a gamma source based on 124Sb for detection and determination of beryllium contents in some standards and one mine sample has been investigated. It is concluded that by using a 124Sb source for bilateral irradiation of the samples and only one BF3 counter, beryllium could be measured to an absolute sensitivity ...

The long-lived core gamma activity and the resulting photoneutrons from beryllium have been found to significantly affect the measurements of reactivity by the reactor period method with a core reflected by beryllium. A method of correcting for the effects of such a spurious neutron source has been employed. The resulting reactivity measurements ...

A detailed description of the design, theory, calibration, and operation of a calorimetric device developed and intended for measuring the absolute activity of alpha preparations (particularly Ra preparations) is given. The device can also be used as a BETA calorimeter, in which case the alpha glass envelopes are suitably replaced. The ...

From 4th seminar on activation analysis of the Bundesanstalt fuer Materialpruefung; Berlin, Germany (11 Oct 1973). Charged-particle activation is much more influenced by error sources compared to the neutron activation. This paper discusses as very important error factors: (1) the implantation of atoms ...

A gamma-gamma coincidence measurement method was used for the characterization of 60Co. A two-dimensional analysis of coincident events allows the careful calculation of the number of counts, when each of the two ?-rays emitted by 60Co is in the photopeak area in each of the NaI(Tl) detectors. The standard formulas that were applied for absolute calibration of 125I ...

The authors examined several sources of error in isotopic flux measurements in a commonly used experimental model: the study of {sup 22}Na and {sup 36}Cl fluxes across rat ileal tissue mounted in the Ussing flux chamber. The experiment revealed three important sources of error: the absolute counts per minute, the difference in counts ...

The {sup 65}Cu(n,2n){sup 64}Cu and {sup 64}Zn(n,p){sup 64}Cu cross sections are measured relative to the {sup 56}Fe(n,p){sup 56}Mn cross section by the activation method. The {sup 56}Fe(n,p){sup 56}Mn cross section is then measured relative to an absolutely calibrated neutron flux monitor. Neutrons are produced by a 150 kV Cockroft-Walton accelerator using ...

A precise detector alignment and absolute pointing is crucial for point-source searches. The ANTARES neutrino telescope utilises an array of hydrophones, tiltmeters and compasses for the relative positioning of the optical sensors. The absolute calibration is accomplished by long-baseline low-frequency triangulation of the acoustic ...

We report a semiconductor-based, low-noise, 10.24 GHz actively mode-locked laser with 4.65 fs of relative timing jitter and a 0.0365% amplitude fluctuation (1 Hz to 100 MHz) of the optical pulse train. The keys to obtaining this result were the laser's high optical power and the low phase noise of the rf source used to mode lock the laser. The low phase ...

Following the detection of renewed activity in H1743-322 with Swift/BAT (Krimm et al., ATEL #2058), we triggered radio observations of the source using the VLA. Observations were taken on 2009 May 27 (0855-0915 UT) at 8.4 GHz, with the array in its CnB configuration. The source was detected at a level of 2.24 +/- 0.05 mJy. The ...

A Ra- Be neutron source with a graphite moderator was used for the preparation of a reference standard for thermal neutron fluxes. The work involved the measurement of the spatial distribution of the slowing-down density on the basis of the activation of In foils along the principal axis of the graphite prism for determining the spatial ...

Precise and accurate knowledge of brachytherapy source strength is paramount for accurate treatments regardless of whether the sources in question are beta emitting seeds for intravascular brachytherapy or the more widely used photon emitting low dose rate sources. The dosimetric parameters of these sources begin ...

This report discusses the absolute cross-section measurements of photoionization of helium at NSLS, and the future opportunities at the Advanced Photon Source and other third generation synchrotron light sources.

A two-stage absolute counting facility for large liquid samples of aqueous Mn/sup 56/SO/sub 4/, primarily intended for better than 1% precision measurements of neutron source strengths by the manganese bath technique, is described. Two-liter samples are counted in a gamma - gamma coincidence arrangement that greatly improves long-term ...

The theoretical principles of neutron density measurements by the activation method are briefly shown. The experimental method consisting in phosphorus activation followed by absolute measurement of its activity in liquid scintillator is described. Some results of measurements in the reactor are included. ...

Calibration of X-ray detectors is very important to understand the performance characteristics of the detectors and their variation with time and changing operational conditions. This enables the most accurate translation of the measurements to absolute and relative values of the incident X-ray photon energy so that physical models of the source emission ...

The absolute measurement of neutron emission rate from the whole plasma is a very important diagnostics as a fusion power monitor in fusion experimental devices with D-T or D-T operations. Here measurement techniques of time-resolved and time-integrated absolute neutron emission on the present tokamaks and ITER are reviewed. In the present tokamaks, ...

The absolute measurement of neutron emission rate from the whole plasma is a very important diagnostics as a fusion power monitor in fusion experimental devices with D-T or D-T operations. Here measurement techniques of time-resolved and time-integrated absolute neutron emission on the present tokamaks and ITER are reviewed. In the present tokamaks, ...

Our modification of a method for the absolute quantification of gallium-67 uptake in lungs with a scintillation camera and computer is described. The uptake of 67Ga in lungs, expressed in percentage of administered radioactivity, was determined by the transmission-emission method. We proved theoretically and experimentally that a 67Ga planar source could ...

A set of {sup 60} counting standards was prepared using 0.010-in. diameter cobalt wires. Their activities were from 0.212 to 728 {mu}C with a relative accuracy of +-2%, and an absolute accuracy of +-4%. The effective thermal-neutron activation cross section to be used with 0.010-in. diameter cobalt wire for BEPO irradiations was ...

The classic problem of alpha absorption is discussed in terms of the quantitative determination of the activity of "weightless" alpha sources and the specific alpha activity of extended sources accounting for absorption in the source medium and the window of a large area ZnS(Ag) scintillation ...

The classic problem of alpha absorption is discussed in terms of the quantitative determination of the activity of weightless alpha sources and the specific alpha activity of extended sources accounting for absorption in the source medium and the window of a large area ZnS(Ag) scintillation ...

This paper reports on the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) neutron activation system has been calibrated using indium foils and a {sup 252}Cf spontaneous fission neutron source located at several positions within the tokamak. The same experimental arrangements have been simulated with the MCNP Monte Carlo neutron and photon transport code in order to ...

Sep 18, 2007 ... The unmodeled variance in the background rate, which fundamentally ... Faint Sources (Absolute Flux Measurements) - For absolute X-ray flux .... for dead time using the excess count rate above the background level; ...

The Systeme International des Unites (SI) base unit for photometry, the candela, has been realized by using absolute detectors rather than absolute sources. This change in method permits luminous intensity calibrations of standard lamps to be carried out ...

An apparatus is described in which merged beams of groundstate Ba(1+) ions and energy-resolved radiation from the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source were used to obtain absolute cross sections for the photoionization of Ba(1+) in the wavelength range ...

The absolute measurements of main dosimetric parameters in the /sup 60/Co field of ROKUS irradiation device are performed in order to create a standard irradiation field for calibration of medical dosemeters. The measurements were made by means of tissue-...

A low-pressure hydrogen discharge lamp was calibrated for radiant intensity in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region on an absolute basis and was employed as a laboratory standard source in spectrograph calibrations. This calibration was accomplished thr...

Altimeter waveforms are used to study absolute range calibration for the altimeters on board of JASON-1 and ENVISAT. As a uniquely defined terrestrial reflection surface, a transponder is deployed within the footprint of the altimeter. The waveforms corresponding to the transponder distinguish themselves from the other waveforms resulting from natural targets in power and ...

Absolute metabolite concentrations are critical to a quantitative understanding of cellular metabolism, as concentrations impact both the free energies and rates of metabolic reactions. Here we use liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify more than 100 metabolite concentrations in aerobic, exponentially growing E. coli with glucose, glycerol, or acetate as ...

Three sets (A, B and C) of two-dimensional island platinum films (2D-I(Pt)Fs) were prepared via the thermal evaporation technique, where the substrates are corning 7059 glass slides. The mass thickness (dm) of the films of different sets is 5, 10 and 20 �, respectively. The Pt films were exposed to ?-rays from 137Cs (0.662 MeV) radiation source of dose rate 0.5 Gy/min. and ...

A detailed discussion is given of the manner in which absolute dosage measurements can be carried out with various sources of charged particle radiations. The discussion includes considerations of the use of fast electron beams from an electrostatic accelerator, proton, deuteron and helium ion beams from a cyclotron, and charged particle ...

In this experiment the decay schemes of three commercially available sources are studied. Measurements are made with solid state surface barrier detectors and standard pre-amps, amps, and computer MCA cards and software. The branching ratios to various excited states in the residual nuclei are measured along with the precise energy of the decay. The measured alpha energies are ...

A positron source for the 6 GeV (or the proposed 12 GeV upgrade) recirculating linacs at Jefferson Lab is presented. The proposed 100nA CW positron source has several unique characteristics; high incident beam power (100kW), 10 MeV incident electron beam energy, CW incident beam and CW production. Positron production with 10 MeV electrons has several ...

Traditional gamma measurement errors are related to non-uniform measurement responses associated with unknown radioactive source and matrix material distributions. These errors can be reduced by application of tomographic techniques that measure these distributions. LLNL has developed two tomographic-based waste assay systems. They use external radioactive ...

The availability of a variety of bottled waters from a number of sources provides a readily available resource for problem-solving exercises in chemical analysis. Students are challenged to identify water samples using the known chemical analyses of bottled waters. Several common water quality measurements such as hardness, alkalinity, and ion analysis can be used by students ...

A review of the usefulness and accuracy of methods for absolute measurements of the activity of isotopes is given. The solid angle and BETA -- gamma coincidence methods are described and results compared with the results of measurement of standards from The National Physical Laboratory, England. (auth)

Measurement has been made of the thorium radiative capture cross section using Sb-Be photoneutrons and an absolute activation method. The average of two determinations gave a value of 604 mb at 23 keV neutron energy with a 4% estimated error from all sources (+-1 sigma). In each experiment, a cylindrical shell target of natural thorium ...

Despite widespread use of high-intensity Ir-192 remotely afterloaded sources, no published measured or calculated dose-rate tables for currently used source designs are available. For a pulsed dose-rate Ir-192 source, both transverse axis (0.5-10 cm) and two-dimensional polar dose-rate profiles (1.5, 3, and 5 cm) were measured with ...

Colliding-pulse mode-locked lasers are an excellent source of ultrashort pulses but exhibit timing jitter that can seriously degrade the temporal resolution in experiments that require synchronization to an external source. We describe a method that synchronizes the colliding-pulse mode-locked laser to a high-stability external oscillator by ...

32P and 204Tl solutions were standardized within the frame of the international key comparisons organized by bureau international des poids et mesures, in 2002. The activity concentration of 32P was measured by counting solid sources in a 4pibeta proportional gas flow counter and by liquid scintillation counting. The self-absorption in solid ...

Uranium and thorium were measured by absolute neutron activation analysis in high-purity materials used to manufacture semiconductor memories. The main thrust of the study concerned aluminum and aluminum alloys used as sources for thin film preparation, evaporated metal films, and samples from the Czochralski silicon crystal process. ...

Calibration methods currently employed for the analysis of radioactive samples by ?-ray spectrometry apply reference sources and the accuracy of the final results is always limited by the unavoidable differences between the composition and the counting geometry of the samples and standards. Under suitable circumstances, described in this paper, the determination of elemental ...

Use a number line to compare numbers. Change values by dragging points on the number line. Compare the opposites and absolute values of the numbers.

density at absolute zero and at temperature T; AH is the activation .... The components of alloys ordinarily diffuse at unlike rates. ...

... activities are permitted in specified areas. However, tour business operation by the reserve administration is absolutely prohibited. The ... ...

This activity uses the CHRONOS website to determine the absolute age of a portion of the geological time scale through the construction and use of a calibration curve

... Valley Caldera, Mono County, California, 1985, USGS Water Resources Investiga ... and A. Ryall, Active tectonic and magmatic processes beneath ...

... clearance by measuring the time interval required for a radio frequency signal ... time required for the test item to become operational after activation. ...

A 100-mg /sup 252/Cf neutron activation analysis facility is used routinely at the Savannah River Laboratory for multielement analysis of many solid and liquid samples. An absolute analysis technique converts counting data directly to elemental concentration without the use of classical comparative standards and flux monitors. With the totally automated ...

Results are presented from investigations of multispark electric discharge in water excited along multielectrode metal-dielectric systems with gas supply into the interelectrode gaps. The intensity distribution of discharge radiation in the region covering the biologically active soft UV (190???430 nm) has been determined and the absolute number of quanta ...

The most widespread modification of NAA is based on relative calculations of element concentrations. It uses several reference samples and, whenever possible, several {gamma}-lines for each element to be determined in order to enhance the reliability of experimental results. One should also keep in mind that modern analytical centers routinely combine NAA with other analytical methods to enhance ...

A new version of the tracer technique for measurements of EC radionuclides is presented. In the experiment, both the coincidence and anticoincidence methods were used simultaneously. This paper presents the results of 131Cs and 55Fe activity measurements when traced by 139Ce and by 54Mn. The results obtained by the tracer technique depend on the amount of pure beta emitter ...

As agent for the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the Australian Atomic Energy Commission is responsible for the maintenance of the Australian standard of activity. The standard comprises activity measurement procedures involv...

A method for estimation of the absolute renal activity within background activity in renal planar scintigraphy will be presented. This method corrects for oversubtraction of background activity with consideration of background activity of the kidney volume, and employs the depth-independent ...

In the present study a method used to normalize a collimated 14.7 MeV neutron beam is introduced. It combined a measurement of the fast neutron scalar flux passing through the collimator, using a copper foil activation, with a neutron transport calculation of the foil activation per unit source neutron, carried out by the ...

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor will require highly accurate measurements of fusion power production in time, space, and energy. Spectrometers in the neutron camera could do it all, but experience has taught us that multiple methods with redundancy and complementary uncertainties are needed. Previously, conceptual designs have been presented for time-integrated neutron ...

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment KATRIN is designed to measure the absolute neutrino mass scale by analyzing the endpoint region of the tritium beta-decay spectrum with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2 (90 % C.L.). A high-luminous windowless gaseous tritium source with an activity of 1.7 � 1011 Bq will produce the decay electrons, ...

A new large sample of 425 double radio sources is studied. A strong inverse correlation between the absolute brightness and the linear size of a double radio source is shown to exist. Since there is a tendency of observing preferentially bright and thus s...

A high temperature radiation source has been developed for the absolute calibration of diagnostic instruments for measuring electron cyclotron emission from high temperature plasmas. The source has a radiation area of (phi)150 mm and can be heated up to 5...

The absolute calibration of an Am-Be neutron source, carried out at the Casaccia Nuclear Studies Centre of CNEN, to make available a national fast neutron source standard is described in detail. The calibration was performed by the manganese sulphate bath method. (auth)

The oil of Schinus molle exhibited the maximum fungitoxic activity during the screening of some essential oils against some common storage and animal pathogenic fungi. It showed absolute toxicity against animal pathogens and mild activity against storage fungi. The effective concentrations of the oil varied from 200 to 900 ppm. The ...

The absolute intensity of a Ra-Be neutron source was measured. The source contains 500 milligrams of radium plus 5 grams beryllium and produces (5.85 plus or minus 0.76 x 16/sup 6/ neutrons/sec. The experimental procedures are described and the result discussed and compared with those of similar determinations. (auth)

This report describes the use of a 10-ounce Thermos flask, filled with water, for absolute standardization of a Megacurie Co-60 source. Once the absorbed dose rate is established in a given position relative to the source, other aqueous solutions can be i...