... Title : Wavelength and Temperature Dependence of the Absolute Reflectance of Metals at Visible and Infrared Wavelengths. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Page 1. Structural Health Monitoring of Strategically Tuned Absolutely Resilient Structures (STARS) Stephen A. Marotta ...
AESSIM, the Absolute, Extreme-Ultraviolet, Solar Spectral Irradiance Monitor, is designed to measure
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
... 11. Logarithmic plot of arsenic content vs. reciprocal absolute temperature. ... Page 8. 82 DA Allwood et al. / Thin Solid Filns 412 (2002) 76-83 Table 2 ...
Instrumenting a central receiver to obtain front surface temperature measurements has been difficult. A system has been investigated that is potentially capable of measuring receiver temperatures by optically monitoring radiated ir energy. Comparison of the experimental data with the temperature data obtained from ...
Energy Citations Database
Method and apparatus are provided for simultaneously measuring temperature and pressure in a class of crystalline materials having anisotropic thermal coefficients and having a coefficient of linear compression along the crystalline c-axis substantially the same as those perpendicular thereto. Temperature is determined by monitoring ...
DOE Information Bridge
... Title : Absolute, Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Spectral Irradiance Monitor (AESSIM). ... film filters to make absolute measurements of EUV radiation over a ...
The drift velocity in drift tubes of the CMS muon chambers is a key parameter for the muon track reconstruction and trigger. It needs to be monitored precisely in order to detect any deviation from its nominal value. A change in absolute pressure, a variation of the gas admixture or a contamination of the chamber gas by air affect the drift velocity. ...
E-print Network
Equation of State (Ideal Gas) Answers. To convert a Fahrenheit temperature to an absolute temperature, add 459.69 degrees. (The absolute temperature scale ...
NASA Website
... Title : Absolute Absorption Cross Section Measurements of Ozone and the Temperature Dependence at Four Reference Wavelengths Leading to ...
... Electron Impact Ionization I April 1994 ... Quantitative Monitoring of Ammonia and Hydrazines: Absolute Cross Sections for Electron Impact Ionization ...
... A discussion is given of the theory of measuring the temperature of plasmas in combustion chambers and MHD ducts by recording the absolute ...
The conditions for stability of the spin system at positive and negative absolute temperatures are discussed. It is concluded that a thermodynamical system may exist in an equilibrium state at negative absolute temperatures and the condition for stability of this system is connected with the positive (at ...
Absolute x-ray calibration of laser-produced plasmas was performed using a CCD linear array and a focusing crystal spectrometer. The plasmas were created by a Nd glass laser and a high repetition rate Nd-YAG laser. A commercial CCD was used for x-ray detection. The CCD linear array has 3724 pixels giving a total length of approximately 30 mm. First the CCD detector was ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Temperature derivative spectroscopy (TDS), a type of relaxation spectroscopy, is a powerful tool to study protein dynamics (Berendzen, J.; Braunstein, D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.1990, 87, 1). We developed the version of temperature derivative spectroscopy to monitor kinetics of autoxidation of cytochromes P450 and applied it to ...
PubMed
The work presented herein is a study of the effect of temperature on the absolute permeability to distilled water of unconsolidated sandstones at one confining pressure. The absolute permeability to distilled water of Ottawa silica sand was not dependent on the temperature level.
Minimally invasive thermal therapy as local treatment of benign and malignant diseases has received increasing interest in recent years. Safety and efficacy of the treatment require accurate temperature measurement throughout the thermal procedure. Noninvasive temperature monitoring is feasible with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ...
PubMed Central
Center, we have measured the absolute refractive index of five specimens ... temperature-dependent Sellmeier fits of measured refractive index are also ...
It is shown on purely phenomenological grounds that for systems in equilibrium at negative absolute temperatures all the usual thermodynamic potentials, in particular the energy, attain a maximum value instead of a minimum value. (auth)
Sep 9, 2004 ... This page briefly introduces the (slightly bogus) concept of negative absolute temperatures (temperatures below absolute zero.) The page has ...
for Congo (Zaire) for July to December 1911. Tables contain the following data: monthly absolute temperature; monthly absolute total maximum and minimum ...
A PBS/NOVA lesson (with optional accompanying video) for which students will build and calibrate a thermometer, demonstrate the concept of temperature, measure temperature, and learn the history of the invention of the thermometer and the idea of absolute zero.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
In this paper, we introduced a new fiber-optic temperature sensor with white light interferometric principle based on Fabry-Perot, which is capable of providing measurement for the temperature of greenhouse. The signal processing of system is that the optical signal wavelength is modulated in the Fabry-Perot cavity and is demodulated during the ...
A simple method for obtaining phase transition temperatures is proposed. It is based on absolute variations of a baseline in a temperature-dependent mid-infrared transmittance spectral data set recorded for a sample KBr pellet. The method is rapid, inexpensive, and completely free of any personal bias. The method efficiency was ...
A universal apparatus was developed for simple and accurate measurement of the velocity of sound in almost any fluid, including a chemically active one. Measurements are made by the fixed-distance pulse passage method. An ultrasonic signal travels through the test fluid betwen two optically treated plane-parallel windows in a hermetically closed quartz cell. The latter is dropped into a glass ...
Magnetic Resonance Thermometry imaging is a non-invasive method for temperature monitoring in hyperthermia treatment. The temperature can be determined from the phase shift in a gradient-echo sequence. Due to large temperature variations, the phase shift may exceed the (-(pi) ,(pi) ) radians interval. The phase ...
... Accession Number : ADA279345. Title : Absolute, Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Spectral Irradiance Monitor (AESSIM). Descriptive ...
Thermal properties of biological tissues play a critical role in the study of tumor angiogenesis and the design and monitoring of thermal therapies. To map thermal parameters noninvasively, we propose temperature-change-based thermal tomography (TTT) that relies on relative temperature mapping using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ...
A measurement system for quantitative determination of both surface and bulk contributions to the photo-thermal absorption in DUV optics was developed. It is based upon a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor with a sensitivity of ~?/10000 rms, accomplishing precise on-line monitoring of wavefront deformations of a collimated test laser beam transmitted perpendicular through the ...
... BASED ON THE CHANGE IN ABSOLUTE INTENSITY OF ... A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TEMPERATURE STABILITY OF TRANSPARENT ...
... CRYOGENICS - THE SCIENCE DEALING WITH THE BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS AT TEMPERATURES CLOSE TO ABSOLUTE ZERO - HAS ...
... Title : A PULSED LIGHT SOURCE WITH RADIATION SIMILAR TO THE RADIATION OF AN ABSOLUTELY BLACK BODY AT A TEMPERATURE OF ...
( + ) where is Boltzman's constant and T is the absolute temperature and derive an equation for the viscosity
... million in cooperative agreements will be awarded for earthquake monitoring by the U.S Geological Survey in ... of the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). �Earthquake monitoring is absolutely cr...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
... Title : LOW-TEMPERATURE COMPRESSIBILITIES AND ABSOLUTE DE HAAS-VAN ALPHEN FREQUENCIES IN POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, AND ...
... Since this is a noise that exists in all detectors at a finite temperature, it sets the absolute limit of detectivity that no detector of whatever type or ...
... temperature aerospace power electronics applications renders it absolutely necessary to design a new generation of dielectric materials for the ...
A proposed S-band radiometer for determining the ocean surface temperature with an absolute accuracy
Thermal transpiration is the macroscopic movement of rarefied gas molecules induced by a temperature gradient. The gas moves from the lower to the higher temperature zone. An original method is proposed here to measure the mean macroscopic movement of gas in the case of a long circular cross-section glass microtube onto which a gradient of ...
The absolute rate constants for the reaction between the NH2 free radical and acetylene and ethylene
... It is demonstrated that the radiation of an absolutely heat conductive cone is (sq. rt. ... 3)/3 of the radiation of an absolutely non heat conductive plate. ...
Jan 6, 2010 ... An absolute temperature scale invented in the 1800's by William Thompson, Lord Kelvin. It places the zero point of the scale at absolute zero, ...
measured the absolute refractive index of prisms of these three materials ... For N-BK7, we report absolute refractive index and therrno-optic coefficient ...
... Di,, Parasite drag, absolute coefficient -�--- ac, Angle of attack, absolute ... The saone percentage change in temperature difference Whitney Wasp, Jr. ...
A method for the production of t-butoxy radicals by the photolysis of t-butyl hypochlorite was employed to determine the absolute rate of combination of t-butoxy radicals at room temperature and to determine the absolute rate of hydrogen atom abstraction ...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Temperature detection using microwave radiometry has proven value for noninvasively measuring the absolute temperature of tissues inside the body. However, current clinical radiometers operate in the gigahertz range, which limits their depth of penetration. We have designed and built a noninvasive radiometer which operates at radio ...
... (Author). Descriptors : (*BODY TEMPERATURE, RECORDING SYSTEMS), THERMOCOUPLES, RABBITS, RELIABILITY, PYROGENS, MONITORS. ...
We describe a new LIDAR technique for middle atmospheric temperature measurement. The proposed LIDAR exploits the Fe layer in the 80-100-km altitude region. Absolute temperatures are inferred by the use of the Maxwell-Boltzmann relationship from the ratio of LIDAR returns from mesospheric Fe atoms excited at 372 and 374 nm, ...
... detect, classify, locate, track and monitor marine mammals in their ... estimating absolute density or abundance of marine mammal populations using ...
5 days ago ... The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory ... will monitor the pulse of the Earth to better understand climate change. ...
The deformation behavior of tungsten at temperatures 0.2 T sub m is reviewed, with primary emphasis
... (2-4) diffusion at temperatures above half the absolute melting temperature ... (5) fore it surmounts a barrier(. Since E changes with temperature it will ...
... Officer : =::� 2U22 -,L.Lm j, .... 1 Page 5. ABSTRACT Absolute brightness temperatures anl brightness temperature ratios of ...
Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) allows for simultaneous measurement at many remote locations along an optical fiber probe and is a valuable tool in a broad range of applications, such as downhole oil production, dike structural monitoring or fire protection. The specific requirements on spatial, temporal and temperature ...
Bottom temperature and the condition of live corals in the vicinity of the discharge plume from the Hawaiian Electric Company Kahe Generating Station, Oahu, Hawaii, were monitored August--December 1973. Mortality to Pocillopora meandrina, the most thermally sensitive species of the area, was no greater under the conditions of maximum thermal ...
Coumarins substituted by an aryl group in position 4 display restricted rotation about the Ar-C4 bond, giving rise to conformational or configurational enantiomers (atropisomers) when such a restricted motion leads to a C(1) symmetry. The dynamics of the stereomutation processes of these axial enantiomers was monitored by dynamic NMR, dynamic enantioselective HPLC, or ...
Soft x-ray power diagnostics are essential for evaluating high temperature laser plasma experiments. The Dante soft x-ray spectrometer, a core diagnostic for radiation flux and temperature measurements of Hohlraums, installed on the Omega Laser Facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics has recently undergone a series of upgrades. Work performed at ...
Stress on coral reef ecosystems is generally due to abnormal events, rather than absolute levels, of environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, salinity, and light). For example, ocean temperatures of 30�C would be "comfortable" for corals in the Persian Gulf but stressful for the corals off the coast of Brazil because they are ...
The velocity of torsional stress pulses in an ultrasonic waveguide of non-circular cross section is affected by the temperature and density of the surrounding medium. Measurement of the transit times of acoustic echoes from the ends of a sensor section are interpreted as level, density, and temperature of the fluid environment surrounding that section. ...
The report contains five maps. There is one each for the worldwide extremes of temperature, precipitation, and other elements. The remaining two maps show U.S. state extremes for monthly temperature (absolute maximum and absolute minimum) and precipitatio...
This study investigates absolute permeability of consolidated sandstone and unconsolidated sand cores to distilled water as a function of the confining pressure on the core, the pore pressure of the flowing fluid and the temperature of the system. Since p...
Absolutely calibrated ultraviolet stellar spectra from 3100 A to the hydrogen absorption edge at 912
integrated total cross section for the Raman backscat- .... Conversion of Frequency Shifts to. Absolute Wavelengths. Band Positions and ...
... Although superconductivity was first discovered in 1911, temperatures near absolute zero were required for their operation, and so large-scale ...
A new, interferometer-based system for measuring thermal expansion to an absolute accuracy of 20 ppb
A new, interferometer based system for measuring thermal expansion to an absolute accuracy of 20 ppb
... Abstract : Description of the furnace and the absolute calorimeter for investigation power characteristics of solar power furnaces are given and also ...
density at absolute zero and at temperature T; AH is the activation .... The components of alloys ordinarily diffuse at unlike rates. ...
... with μ the chemical potential for vacancy diffusion. The Helmholtz free energy � , specific entropy η , and absolute temperature θ are related by ...
... 6 The theory of Debye and Huckel does have limits of ... the ion charge multiplicity, Boltzmann's constant, and the absolute temperature, respectively. ...
... Electrical current applied to the skin affects nerves directly without requiring transduction by a chemical (or other) process at the receptor. ...
Logarithm of vapor pressure vs . reciprocal of absolute temperature. ... The density, vapor pressure, and viscosity are reported for two con- ...
... only the axial gradient of the velocity and not its absolute value. ... probe temperature (melting point of the thermocouple), which ...
... " Thermal (Long Wave) Radiation (Proportional to the difference between the fourth power of the absolute temperatures of the two bodies), ...
... no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it ... Boltzmann constant and T the absolute temperature. ...
exploration. ...... The thermosphere/cryosphere temperature gradient should drive a ... The sole wind measurementsin the thermosphere were again ...
The main purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of brain temperature mapping with high-spatial- and reduced-spectral-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). A secondary goal was to determine the temperature coefficient of water chemical shift in the brain with and without internal spectral reference. The accuracy of the ...
During the past two years a system has been under development to contribute to this monitoring process by making measurement of the downwelling infrared radiance field at moderate spectral resolution. Sensitivity of the measurements to the presence of cirrus cloudiness, and effective particle size in cirrus clouds has been demonstrated. Sensitivity of the measurements to ...
Absolute cancer risk is the probability that an individual with given risk factors and a given age will develop cancer over a defined period of time. In collaboration with investigators in the NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), staff of the Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch (RFMMB) are developing statistical models to ...
Cancer.gov
X-ray CT is able to image the internal architecture of frozen tissue. Phantoms of distilled water, a saline-gelatin mixture, lard and a calf liver-gelatin suspension cooled by a plastic tube acting as a long liquid nitrogen cryoprobe were used to study the relationship between Hounsfield unit (HU) values and temperature. There is a signature change in HU value from unfrozen to ...
Several examples of laser {ital in} {ital situ} monitoring of combustion processes are presented. Using a frequency modulated {sup 13}CO{sub 2} waveguide laser, {ital in} {ital situ} concentrations of NH{sub 3} down to 1 ppm were measured at temperatures up to 600 {degree}C in waste incinerators and power or chemical plants. Following ignition of CH{sub ...
The motivation for this program is the observation that the use of reliable and accurate hygrometers to monitor or control the processes in industrial drying chambers could result in a significant reduction in the energy usage of the United States. At the present time, there are no commercially available hygrometers which have the required characteristics of a measurement ...
We present a simple computer-based laboratory experiment for evaluating absolute zero in degrees Celsius, which can be performed in college and undergraduate physical sciences laboratory courses. With a computer, absolute zero apparatus can help demonstrators or students to observe the relationship between temperature and pressure and ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
We have monitored the phase of the main X-ray pulse of the Crab pulsar with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) for almost eight years, since the start of the mission in January 1996. The absolute time of RXTE's clock is sufficiently accurate to allow ...
The determination of absolute neutron fluxes by white beam activation of thick gold foils in conjunction with spectral analysis by time-of-flight monitors is described. A numerical integration procedure is presented and the method applied to determining t...
This study presents a prototype design of an ultra-miniature, wireless, battery-less, and implantable temperature-sensor, with applications to thermal medicine such as cryosurgery, hyperthermia, and thermal ablation. The design aims at a sensory device smaller than 1.5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length, to enable minimally invasive deployment through a hypodermic needle. While ...
Maternal effects could influence the persistence of species under environmental change, but the adaptive significance of many empirically estimated maternal effects remains unclear. Inferences about the adaptive significance of maternal effects depend on the correlation between maternal and offspring environments, the relative importance of frequency- or density-dependent selection and whether ...
The report gives the results of a temperature and humidity measurement program in the Dallas area during the summer of 1967. Results are presented in the form of 'horizontal time sections' of temperature and absolute humidity analogous to the commonly use...
This investigation uses the relationship between volume and temperature to reinforce the ideal gas law. It also uses the data collected to find absolute zero.
Mar 1, 1998 ... Would the temperature be really cold or what? ... So, it it becomes so cold that the molecules stop all together, then this is the "absolute zero" ...
occurs at temperatures above half of the absolute melting temperature (T/Tm ..... cost effective PWB fabrication limits full adoption of the technology, ...
Range for COL Bay Inner MLI Absolute Temperature is Driven By Solar ... The SID mirror assembly is temperature controlled by the following four heater ...
Keywords: ABSOLUTE ZERO; ASTROPHYSICS; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE; NEUTRON STARS; STELLAR STRUCTURE; ASTROPHYSICS; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE; NEUTRON STAR; ...
New values for the 1 mm brightness temperatures of Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune were determined using Mars as the absolute photometric standard.
The absolute magnitude ( 4oC for temperature, 10oC for dew point) and spatial ... Profiles of temperature (solid) and dew point (dashed) near Wallops Island ...
Jul 5, 2007 ... Keywords: ABSOLUTE ZERO; ASTROPHYSICS; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE; NEUTRON STARS; STELLAR STRUCTURE; ASTROPHYSICS; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE; NEUTRON ...
hour) temperature, humidity, and vapor pressure; monthly absolute maximum and minimum temperature; monthly total rainfall; monthly number of days with ...
Laboratory measurements of the relative absorption cross sections of ozone at temperatures 195, 228,
Maps show temperature anomalies, or changes, for 2000-2009 (top) and 1970-1979. The maps do not depict absolute temperature, but how much warmer or colder ... ...
For a more detailed discussion, see The Elusive Absolute Surface Air Temperature . ... Combined Land-Surface Air and Sea-Surface Water Temperature Anomalies ...
A reasonable suggestion might be to use the average temperature of the first 50 ft of air either above ground or above the top of the vegetation. ...
... Indicated horsepower Engine Bpeed, rpm Fuel-air ratio Inlet-air pressure, inches of mercury absolute Inlet-air temperature, °F Spark advance ...
These services determine what particular fluid flows within the well bore are the results of secondary recovery efforts. The detection and analysis of local fluid behavior, and the correction of undesirable conditions, are a highly specialized art. Many tools, materials, and techniques are employed, and a few are emerged as being more nearly successful. Mechanical spinners and turbines are used to ...
