Absolute and convective instabilities of spirals are investigated using the continuous and the so-called absolute spectrum. It is shown that the nature of transport, induced by an absolute instability, is determined by spectral data of the asymptotic wave trains. The results are applied to core ...
PubMed
We give a description of some spectral properties of almost-periodic Hamiltonians. We put the stress on some particular points of the proofs of the existence of absolutely continuous or pure point spectrum. (ERA citation 10:015375)
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
AESSIM, the Absolute, Extreme-Ultraviolet, Solar Spectral Irradiance Monitor, is designed to measure
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
... Presented in the report are the results of determination of the absolute spectral sensitivity of photographic films developed by Gosniikhimfotoproyekt ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... Accession Number : AD0625664. Title : ABSOLUTE SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS OF XENON HIGH-PRESSURE DISCHARGES. ...
... Accession Number : AD0481363. Title : ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE SPECTRAL LINE INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS IN A PLASMA SHOCK TUBE. ...
... Title : Absolute, Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Spectral Irradiance Monitor (AESSIM). ... film filters to make absolute measurements of EUV radiation over a ...
An analysis of absolute spectral energy distributions of interstellar gas for a galaxy (NGC 1275) is
... Accession Number : ADA279345. Title : Absolute, Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Spectral Irradiance Monitor (AESSIM). Descriptive ...
... Accession Number : AD0729040. Title : Absolute Spectral Measurements of Solar Radiation in the Infrared Region from 3-13 micrometer,. ...
... Accession Number : ADA038897. Title : Absolute Spectral Distribution of Cesium and Rubidium Arc Lamps. Descriptive Note : Rept. for Feb-Jun 69,. ...
... Title : Characteristic Functional of a Probability Measure Absolutely Continuous with Respect to a Gaussian Radon Measure. ...
... The goal of this research program is development of a method for obtaining daily, radio- metrically accurate, solar spectral irradiance data at ...
We describe, illustrate, and quantify the performance achieved by the combination of CGS3 and UKIRT, with emphasis on the role already played by CGS3 in the field of spectrally continuous, absolute, infrared radiance calibration. The focus of the paper is on the reliability and reproducibility of the spectral ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
... Title : Absolute Continuity and Mutual Information for Gaussian Mixtures. ... are considered for problems involving a Gaussian mixture process (N sub t ...
Light source having absolute spectral energy distribution for standardizing star tracker calibration
Motivated by applicability to quantum operations, quantum information, and quantum probability, we investigate the notion of absolute continuity for operator valued completely positive maps on C*-algebras, previously introduced by Parthasarathy [in Athens Conference on Applied Probability and Time Series Analysis I (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996), pp. ...
Energy Citations Database
One of the highest priority recommended missions in the NRC Earth Science Decadal Survey is the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission that has separate agency components for implementation by NASA and NOAA. The NOAA portion of CLARREO includes the continuation of solar irradiance measurements (both total and ...
We start from our six absolutely calibrated continuous stellar spectra from 1.2 to 35 ?m for K0, K1.5, K3, K5, and M0 giants. These were constructed as far as possible from actual observed spectral fragments taken from the ground, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, and the IRAS Low Resolution Spectrometer, and all have a common ...
Celsius) continuously emit EMR #12;Stefan-Boltzman Law the amount of energy an object radiates is, among that an object generates can be calculated by W = T 4 Stefan-Boltzman Law the amount of energy an object surface in w m-2 = Stefan-Boltzman constant 5.6697 x 10-8 w m-2 �K4 T = absolute temperature (�K
E-print Network
A system for measuring radiation in the laboratory or at a site to aid in determining whether to erect a solar energy installation at that site includes a positioner and a sensor. The sensor, which is mounted on the positioner, includes a rotating semispherical chopper and an integrating sphere for collecting radiation in three modes. A broad-band detector measures the irradiance from the ...
We present five new absolutely calibrated continuous stellar spectra from 1.2 to 35 ?m, constructed as far as possible from actual observed spectral fragments taken from the ground, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), and the IRAS Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS). These stars -- ? Peg, ? Boo, ? And, ? Gem, and ? Hya -- augment our ...
We present three new absolutely calibrated continuous stellar spectra from 3 to 35 ?m, constructed as far as possible from actual observed spectral fragments taken from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), and the IRAS Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS). These stars-?1 Cen, ? TrA, and ? Car-augment our previous archive of complete ...
The SOHO/CELIAS Solar EUV Monitor (SEM) has measured absolute EUV solar irradiance nearly continuously over a 15 year period that includes both the cycle 22/23 (1996) and cycle 23/24 (2008) solar minima. These measurements indicate that irradiance in the 26-34 nm spectral range, including the dominant He II 30.4 nm ...
In order to advance understanding of how natural and anthropogenic process affect Earth�s climate system there is a strong scientific importance of maintaining accurate, long-term records of climate forcing. The continuation of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements are needed to characterize poorly understood wavelength dependent climate ...
Results are reported of a comprehensive study of the absolute spectral radiance of the infrared emissions from methane-air explosions. The spectral growth of these expanding flames are recorded with a time resolution of one msec in the spectral range of 1...
Knowledge of the top of the atmosphere (TOA) solar spectral irradiance (SSI) is crucial in interpreting the spectrally dependent radiative processes throughout Earth's climate system. Where this energy is deposited into the atmosphere and surface, how the climate responds to solar variability, and the mechanisms of climate response, are highly dependent on ...
Spectral Range for Climate Benchmark and Fingerprinting .... Spectral. Rsltn. ( cm-1). Absolute. Accuracy .... Has improved radiation hardening ...
NASA Website
... for in-orbit calibration of a solar spectral irradiance monitor. ... Descriptors : *ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, *SOLAR RADIATION, ORBITS, THIN FILMS ...
... M6 IRRADIANCE MCNITOR (AESSIM)PEG12 WH Pakinon0 ... daily, radio- metrically accurate, solar spectral irradiance data at extreme-ultraviolet ...
Absolute intensities for the center of the solar disc are given in the spectral range from 6389 to 12480 A. The observations are made in exactly the same manner as described in Z. Astrophys. 55:269(1962) for the visible part of the spectrum. The infrared ...
The SORCE (SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment) SIM (Spectral Irradiance Monitor) is a currently operating prism spectrometer that measures the solar spectrum four times a day in the 200-2700 nm region with a wavelength dependent resolution of 1 - 33 nm. SIM has been operational for 2.5 years and is now providing the first continuous record of solar ...
The Solar Extreme ultraviolet Experiment (SEE) on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission has been observing the solar spectral irradiance in the 0.1 - 194 nm spectral range during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 and is expected to continue into the rising phase of solar cycle 24. I ...
The spectral phase shift and both types of angular dispersion introduced by an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF) into a femtosecond laser beam at 800 nm have been measured with high precision. With the use of spectrally and spatially resolved interferometry we experimentally proved that the AOPDF controls the group delay dispersion (GDD) ...
This paper will discuss the implications of spectral interference from atmospheric constituents on the performance of spectroscopic point sensors in the submillimeter/terahertz (SMM/THz) spectral range. Spectral 'clutter' can be a limiting factor for spectroscopic sensors, especially where high sensitivity and specificity are required. ...
... WITH HYDROGEN ARCS 2: THE HIGH POWER ARC AS AN ABSOLUTE STANDARD OF SPECTRAL RADIANCE FROM 124 NM TO 360 NM IN ...
... such as optical clock distribution [1], and photonic analog to digital ... This noise spectral density shows typical characteristics of mode-locked ...
The paper presents a population synthesis performed on absolute spectrophotometry for the central 31
... frequency energy spectral density. Lightning, Electromagnetic radiation, Kennedy Space Center, Electric field, HF radiation. ...
... EUV photons are absorbed in the terrestrial thermosphere and mesosphere, ie ... spacecraft were launched in 1977 for extensive explorations of the ...
... spectrometers on rocket underflights and ., those on the Voyager spacecraft have been considered. We have studied a low ...
... The dearth of information concerning the characteristics of photographic films is attributed not only to experimental difficulties encountered in ...
... the total amount of precipitable water in the atmosphere, (2) surface measurements of absolute humidity, (3) IR spectral hygrometer observations ...
Sensor calibrations using NBS standard of spectral irradiance, as used for Mariner IV CANOPUS sensor
CONTENTSIntroduction � 1. The group of admissible transformations for measures corresponding to diffusion processes � 2. The absolute continuity of distributions of functionals References
We give sufficient conditions for the presence of the absolutely continuous spectrum of a Schroedinger operator on a regular rooted tree without loops (also called regular Bethe lattice or Cayley tree)
Spectral measurements of vegetation communities of the semiarid grasslands in the Jornada Experimental Range LTER in New Mexico, USA were measured at ground level using an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) Spectrometer on a 30x30 m grid at 5 m intervals, from an airplane with the MODIS/ASTER Simulator (MASTER) with a 3x3 m resolution, and from space with ...
... Title : Discrete-Time Spectral Estimation of Continuous-Time Processes - the Orthogonal Series Method (Spectral Estimation by Orthogonal Series),. ...
A net spectral intensity signal is derived from a comparison between the absolute spectral intensity of the signal interest and the intensity of a spectral continuum on which it rides. To derive the net signal, a pivotal refractor plate is mounted over th...
A definition of scattering states is given. It is shown that such states must belong to the absolutely continuous part of the spectrum of the total hamiltonian whenever scattering systems are considered. Such embedding may be proper unless the quantum system is physically admissible. The Moller wave operators are analyzed using Abel- and ...
An absolute spectral irradiance scale for the 700-2400 nm range has been developed. The scale is based on an absolute radiometer and a series of interference filters, which were used to determine the spectral irradiance of quartz halogen incandescent lamps at a number of discrete wavelengths. Values at intermediate ...
... The most significant among them, called absolute stability, is characterized by the existence of a continuous generalized Liapunov function with a ...
... Continuous slow infusion of heparin saline invalidates absolute figures for ... Veratramine, an antagonist to the cardioaccelerator action of epinephrine ...
The approach to realize the optimal chirped probe pulse length for an arbitrary pulsed terahertz (THz) signal measured with the spectral-encoding technique was investigated by simulation. It was found that either the maximum positive peak or the absolute value of the strongest negative peak of the normalized difference between the probe spectrum modulated ...
Ultraviolet spectrograms of thousands of faint stars (up to 13th mag.) are analyzed which were obtained between 2000 and 5000 A by means of the Orion-2 space observatory aboard Soyuz 13. The primary purpose of the observations was to study the continuous spectra of stars in the UV region. Some of the results obtained include: (1) agreement between theoretical predictions and ...
High-spectral-brightness coherent XUV radiation has been produced by third-harmonic generation of a transform-limited-bandwidth KrF* laser in gaseous xenon. The observed XUV output, which was continuously tunable from 82.8 to 83.3 nm, had a peak power of 40 mW, a bandwidth <0.01 cm/sup -1/, and absolute frequency control to within ...
We consider higher-dimensional generalizations of the classical one-dimensional 2-automatic paperfolding and Rudin-Shapiro sequences on {\\bb N} . This is done by considering the same automaton-structure as in the one-dimensional case, but using binary number systems in {\\bb Z}^m instead of in {\\bb N} . The correlation function and the diffraction spectrum for the resulting m-dimensional ...
In the present work, the authors show that in the ground states of the infinite-volume limits of both the spin-1/2 anisotropic antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model (in dimensions d [ge] 2), and the ferromagnetic Ising model in a strong transverse field (in dimensions d [ge] 1) there is an interval in the spectrum above the mass gap which contains a continuous band of energy ...
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) record spans over 30 years and provides a unique opportunity for long-term climate studies. The precision of these climate studies is largely reliant on the consistent absolute calibration of the AVHRR visible data. Currently, AVHRR visible sensors lack onboard calibration and must be vicariously monitored to assure ...
As a prototyping exercise for the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) albedo/BRDF product, we demonstrate the retrieval of bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) and red spectral albedo measures for the New England region, United States, from merged AVHRR and GOES radiances at a 1 km2 (nominal) spatial scale. These data were acquired during ...
Solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance is deposited in the atmosphere at altitudes ranging from the lower stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. Understanding the spectral and temporal dependence of solar UV variations is thus critical to characterizing the long-term terrestrial energy input over a wide vertical region. Regular spectral solar UV measurements ...
We present five new absolutely calibrated continuous stellar spectra constructed as far as possible from spectral fragments observed from the ground, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), and the IRAS Low Resolution Spectrometer. These stars -- ? Boo, ? Dra, ? Cet, ? Cru, and ? UMa -- augment our six, published, ...
... of uncertainty in the ionospheric height estimation and its temporal stability. ... This effort involved establishing a continuous absolute Time of Arrival ...
Identify absolute extrema and local extrema given the graph of a function and find the absolute extrema of a continuous function on a (bounded) closed interval.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The U-B, B-V diagram within F0 - G2 spectral classes is calibrated in spectral classes, absolute magnitudes, effective temperatures, and gravities for solar chemical composition stars. The calibration is based on the mean intrinsic color indices and the mean physical parameters for stars of different MK types.
The principal scientific objective of the Solar and Terrestrial Atmospheres Spectrometer (STAS) project is the measurement of the absolute ultraviolet solar spectral irradiance with: (1) resolution of better than 15 mA, and (2) absolute irradiance uncerta...
The author has identified the following significant results. From the theory of remote sensing of surface temperatures, an equation of the upper bound of absolute error of emittance was determined. It showed that the absolute error decreased with an incre...
A technique for measuring the curve of growth of an atomic spectral line is described, and application of the method to the determination of the absolute transition rates of Cd 3261 and Zn 3076 is made. The estimated accuracies are 10-15 per cent. This is...
The determination of absolute neutron fluxes by white beam activation of thick gold foils in conjunction with spectral analysis by time-of-flight monitors is described. A numerical integration procedure is presented and the method applied to determining t...
A low-pressure hydrogen discharge lamp was calibrated for radiant intensity in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region on an absolute basis and was employed as a laboratory standard source in spectrograph calibrations. This calibration was accomplished thr...
The SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite is scheduled to launch in December of 2002, to provide scientists with precise measurements of spectral and total solar irradiance data. These measurements are critical in the understanding of solar activity and solar events, and the influence of solar variability on the upper atmospheric chemistry, dynamics, and ...
The SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite is scheduled to launch in December of 2002, to provide scientists with precise measurements of spectral and total solar irradiance data. T ese measurements are critical in theh understanding of solar activity and solar events, and the influence of solar variability on the upper atmospheric chemistry, dynamics, and ...
A monochromator integrating-sphere-based spectral comparator facility has been developed to calibrate standard radiation thermometers in terms of the absolute spectral radiance responsivity, traceable to the PTB cryogenic radiometer. The absolute responsivity calibration has been improved using a 75 W xenon lamp ...
... The spectral functions of FA each ... and the complex exponential represents spectral functions translated in frequency by an amount ...
... Nicholls, RW "Absolute spectral absorption measurements on molecular oxygen from 2640 ... Scott, HE, Pipes, JG, Roux, JA, Weller, CS and Opal, CB ...
... of the 5106 Angstrom Copper Atomic Spectral Line in the AFFDL Rent Facility. Descriptive Note : Interim technical rept. Dec 72-Feb 73,. ...
such as effective area and spectral resolution, and gives a general update on the ... neutron stars) and of the major constituents of the universe (dark energy, dark .... provided by the absolute distance measurements obtained by combining the ...
with no apparent input [6]. This output can be thought of as being an ampli�cation of a one-photon-per-mode vaccum
... Abstract : The absolutely calibrated infrared (IR) stellar spectra of standard ... traditional role as the primary visible or near-infrared standard star ...
Device fabrication and photoconductive lifetime decay measurements were used to characterize single and polycrystalline silicon substracts. The device characterization of the processed materials was done by spectral response measurements and absolute quan...
instruments to measure total solar irradiance (TSI) with the absolute radiometers DIARAD and PMO6V, spectral solar ... GEOSCIENTIFIC INFORMATION FARMING ...
The temporal and spectral shape and the absolute flux level of particle pulses precipitated by a VLF
... Using this instrument, data have been obtained of the absolute spectral radia- tion intensity of air, nitrogen, neon, and argon heated by reflected ...
between mineral spectra in the 0.4-2.5 !am spectral region. The strength of the ... mineral spectra because they allow us to establish the absolute minimum ...
Uncertainties in the gain and zero-level of the existing radio and microwave frequency sky surveys often dominate the error budget in studies of anisotropies and spectral distortions of the Cosmic Background Radiation.
In order to determine the extent of agreement among laboratory radiometric .... visible region of the spectrum and greater than 10% in and mound the water ...
B.2 gives the typical and worst case value of the absolute deviation of Rij from unity in each band for the stars and the cold sources. ...
... analysis indicates that at the present time the solid-state display should ... is an absolute requirement, because of limitations in light output, spectral ...
Induction Heated Plasmas. United Aircraft Research Laboratories Report .... 1962 and was originally employed for induction heating .... millimeters of mercury absolute pressure and establishiqg a low-pressure glow discharge with the ...
The spectral distribution and absolute intensity of the collision-induced Raman spectrum of He is measured and compared to wave mechanical calculations. (AIP)
A procedure is described for estimating the sensitivity of a radiometer to radiation characterized by any radiant value. The spectral and integral sensitivities of the radiometer and the relation between them are investigated. It is demonstrated that in s...
There exists a growing need to improve the accuracy of measurement of the absolute solar flux within
The use of a separation step, such as liquid chromatography, prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has become a common tool for highly selective and sensitive analyses. This type of coupling has several benefits including the ability to perform speciation analysis or to remove isobaric interferences. Several limitations of conventional instruments result from the necessity ...
This paper establishes dynamical localization properties of certain families of unitary random operators on the d-dimensional lattice in various regimes. These operators are generalizations of one-dimensional physical models of quantum transport and draw their name from the analogy with the discrete Anderson model of solid state physics. They consist in a product of a deterministic unitary ...
Translated from Astron. Zh.; 50: No. 1, 223-225(1973). The absolute spectral energy distribution of six stars in the near infrared is reponted, as measured with a Seya--Namioka scanning spectrometer. (auth)
A new method is described to calibrate tristimulus colorimeters for high accuracy color measurements. Instead of traditional lamp standards, modern, high accuracy detector standards are suggested for calibration. After high accuracy absolute spectral resp...
Efforts were concentrated on the spectral resolution of the Airborne Oceanographic Lidar (AOL). This year's work was targeted towards the analysis of calibration techniques to enable the AOL to measure absolute radiances of both passive and active modes o...
Mean absolute intensities (spectral radiance) over 0.1 nm intervals between 225.2 nm and 319.6 nm at
Linear and nonlinear spectral mixture models applied to Clementine multispectral images of the Moon result in roughly similar spatial distributions of endmember abundances. However, there are important differences in the absolute values of the predicted a...
Spectral dark adaptation as a function of retinal meridian and of eccentricity was investigated by testing the absolute threshold dark adaptation curves for eight human volunteers at two retinal meridians. The horizontal and vertical meridians. The horizo...
An automatic system for the measurement of the absolute spectral irradiance in the 800 to 2500 nanometer region is described. Direct comparison of radiation source is carried out. The automatic system is constructed to provide calibrated sources for instr...
A cryogenic radiometer-based system was constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for absolute radiometric measurements to improve detector spectral power responsitivity scales in the wavelength range from 900 nm to 1800 nm. In add...
The NASA Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment, launched in January of 2003, is a suite of instruments that measures the variability of both the Sun's total solar irradiance (TSI) and its solar spectral irradiance (SSI) over the 110-2400 nm spectral range thereby accounting for more the 97% of the sun's radiant output. The SORCE spectrometers decompose ...
The change of spectral decomposition of the total radiative output on various timescales of solar magnetic activity is of large interest to terrestrial and solar-stellar atmosphere studies. Starting in 2002, SCIAMACHY was the first satellite instrument to observe daily solar spectral irradiance (SSI) continuously from 230 nm (UV) to ...
We present developed computer-controlled tuneable laser system based on CW narrow-line Ti:Sapphire/Dye laser which is meant for laser-optical characterisation of quantum dot properties. The full set of laser system options allows it to cover a spectral range from 275 to 1100 nm while having the output line width around 0.5-1 GHz. The system includes a built-in high-precision ...
We have characterized the spectral noise density and frequency modulation performance of an 8.5 micron quantum- cascade diode (QC) laser operating continuously at liquid nitrogen temperatures. The phase noise is measured by fixing the laser frequency in the half-height region of a molecular resonance and measuring the fluctuations in absorbance; these ...
A goal of the CLARREO mission is observation of the Earth�s average emitted spectral radiance. The globally and seasonally averaged spectral radiance must have an absolute accuracy of 0.1 K (3?) at 220 K over most of the 200 to 2000 cm-1 range with clear traceability to physical standards. Key to achieving this accuracy with an ...
... Accession Number : ADA054903. Title : Spectral Estimation of Continuous Time Processes Using Poisson Distributed Time Samples. ...
The absolutely calibrated infrared (IR) stellar spectra of standard stars described by Engelke et al. are being extended into the visible and will span a continuous wavelength range from ~0.35 ?m to 35.0 ?m. This paper, which is a continuation of the series on calibration initiated with Cohen et al., presents the foundation of this ...
The absolutely calibrated infrared (IR) stellar spectra of standard stars described by Engelke et al. are being extended into the visible and will span a continuous wavelength range from {approx}0.35 {mu}m to 35.0 {mu}m. This paper, which is a continuation of the series on calibration initiated with Cohen et al., presents the ...
In this paper we resolve in the affirmative a question of Heinonen on the absolute continuity of quasisymmetric mappings defined on subsets of Euclidean spaces. The main ingredients in the proof are extension results for quasisymmetirc mappings and metric...
A necessary and sufficient condition in terms of the mth divided differences of a function is given under which the m-1st derivative of the function is absolutely continuous. A similar condition is found to characterize when the mth derivative of the func...
The temporal stability of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) spectral irradiance scale as measured with broadband filter radiometers calibrated for absolute spectral irradiance responsivity is described. The working standard free-electron laser (FEL) lamps and the check standard FEL lamps have been monitored with ...
... Descriptors : *OPERATORS(MATHEMATICS), *QUANTUM THEORY, FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS, OPERATORS(MATHEMATICS), PERTURBATION ...
... Descriptors : *OPERATORS(MATHEMATICS), FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS, OPERATORS(MATHEMATICS), PERTURBATION THEORY, MATRICES ...
... the absolute continuity problem Is considered ... of reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKH) theory ... Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, preprint (July ...
... permits continuous and independent variation in any direction of the velocity of two stimulus patterns from zero (below the absolute threshold) to a ...
Context Effects in Musicians with Absolute Pitch Kathleen R. Agres & Dr. Lori L. Holt Psychology because most musicians had a harder time identifying these notes. Testing only piano notes across two of spectral contrast in musicians with absolute pitch. However, there was evidence of an unpredicted effect
Measurements of spectral transmittance T and reflectance R at normal incidence continue to be the most common and accurate source of energy performance data for glazing materials. Prediction of these radiometric properties from more fundamental materials data is often confounded by the complexity and uncertainty of coating structures. Angle-dependent ...
DOE Information Bridge
Let H=-{partial_derivative}{sub x}{sup 2}+V(x) be a properly defined Schroedinger operator on L{sub 2}(R) with real potentials of the form V(x)=q(x)+p{sup '}(x) (the derivative is understood in the distributional sense) with some p,q set-membership sign L{sub 2}(R). We prove that the absolutely continuous spectrum of H fills (0,{infinity}) which ...
We show that the integrated density of states of the almost Mathieu operator is absolutely continuous if and only if the coupling is non-critical. We deduce for subcritical coupling that the spectrum is purely absolutely continuous for almost every phase, settling the measure-theoretical case of Problem 6 of Barry ...
A qualitative investigation was made on the detection of the pulsation of the integral intensity of the spectral lines for plasmatrons with fixed arc length. It was found that the pulsation of the intensity of the spectral lines is caused by the pulsation of the temperature at each point of the plasma. It was assumed that the pulsation of the ...
The effects of intense spectral light on spectral sensitivity were investigated. Both continuous adaptation and pulsed adaptation were used. It was found that spectral adaptation in discrete spectral band was reduced by intense blue, green, and red adapta...
We describe an absolute, spectrally tunable, detector-based broad-band radiometric calibration source whose uncertainties in spectral radiance may approach those of reference detectors, on the order of 0.1 % (k=1). This uncertainty in the spectral radiance of the source is a factor of two lower than the current ...
The acetylene molecule is important for atmospheric, planetary, and astrophysical applications. This organic molecule, known as a precursor of amino acids, shows numerous vibration-rotation bands in the IR. A recent study using SOLEIL synchrotron AILES beamline will be presented in the spectral region around 100 cm^-^1. This work is the continuation of a ...
Absolute flux distributions for eight stars are well measured from 0.8 to 2.5 ?m with NICMOS grism spectrophotometry at a resolution of R ~ 100 and an accuracy of 1-2%. These spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are fitted with Castelli & Kurucz model atmospheres, and the results are compared with the Cohen-Walker-Witteborn (CWW) template models for ...
We propose to continue observing Galactic and Magellanic Cloud classical or recurrent novae in outburst over the next three years with IUE. Any Galactic nova brighter than about V ~ 8, or LMC or SMC nova brighter than V ~ 12 will be considered as a Target of Opportunity for this proposal. We will concentrate on obtaining as complete coverage as possible of the early (pre-UV ...
A method for calibrating incandescent lamps for spectral irradiance by means of absolute radiometers is described in which a secondary radiometer is calibrated spectrally against absolute radiometers and then used in conjunction with a series of filters to calibrate the lamps. Considering both narrowband and ...
The authors have built a continuous Mandarin speech recognition system, based on Spectral Energy Ratio Coding (SERC). From SERC, the authors derive the Spectral Distribution Letter Code (SDLC). The database consists of 56 monophones, 905 diphones and 45 t...
A method of absolute nuclear material assay of an unknown source comprising counting neutrons from the unknown source and providing an absolute nuclear material assay utilizing a model to optimally compare to the measured count distributions. In one embodiment, the step of providing an absolute nuclear material assay comprises ...
... Title : Adaptive Estimation and Approximation of Continuously Varying Spectral Density Functions to Airborne Radar. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...
Accurate absolute properties are determined for the first time for the 3.15 day period eccentric eclipsing binary star FT Ori based on new absolute photometry, five differential light curves, and a radial velocity curve. The stars appear to be normal for their spectral types, A0 + A2. The orbit is highly eccentric (e = 0.409) and shows ...
Peroxyacetyl nitrate decomposition products under continued and discontinued irradiations determined
The absolute spectral response of solar cells is reported in the 400--1000-nm spectral region. Measurements were performed using two different types of monochromatic sources: amplitude-stabilized cw laser lines and interference filters with an incandescent lamp. Both types of calibration procedures use electrical substitution ...
The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory is a satellite mission that will measure the Earth's outgoing spectral radiance with accuracy better than 0.1 K in radiance temperature for climate benchmarking and forecast testing. Part of the high-accuracy calibration system is the heated halo, which provides a robust and compact method to ...
Optical breast imaging uses near-infrared light, utilizes intrinsic optical absorption signatures of tissue chromophores such as hemoglobin, and localizes optical inhomogeneities including subsurface blood vessel structures and breast lesions that have increased vascular density. The different optical absorption signatures of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin can be exploited to yield some physiological ...
The physical and optical properties of snow and sea ice in the Polar regions control the amount of solar short-wave radiation, reflected at the surface, scattered and absorbed within snow and ice, and transmitted into the ocean beneath. Albedo and transmissivity of snow and sea ice strongly influence heat fluxes within the coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean system, and by that the evolution of the sea ...
The model presents neurobiologically plausible accounts of sound recognition (including absolute pitch), neural plasticity involved in pitch, loudness and location information integration, and streaming and auditory recall. It is proposed that a cortical mechanism for sound identification modulates the spectrotemporal response fields of inferior colliculus neurons and ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
In 2007, a Bonner spheres spectrometer (BSS) was installed in Ny-�lesund, Spitsbergen, at about 79�N. The spectrometer allows continuous measurement of the spectral fluence rate distribution of secondary neutrons from cosmic radiation in absolute terms. In this way, the system complements a neutron monitor (NM) that was installed ...
We are calibrating a new time-resolving x-ray spectrometer used to diagnose z-pinch driven hohlraums at the Saturn Facility. The instrument uses a 5000 lines/mm transmission grating dispersing element and has an array of silicon photodiodes and a gated microchannel-plate detector for recording spectra. The diodes are located every 50 eV from 100 to 850 eV (E/{Delta}E=10) and have subnanosecond ...
During the past two years a system has been under development to contribute to this monitoring process by making measurement of the downwelling infrared radiance field at moderate spectral resolution. Sensitivity of the measurements to the presence of cirrus cloudiness, and effective particle size in cirrus clouds has been demonstrated. Sensitivity of the measurements to ...
Pulsed UV (PUV) is a novel UV irradiation system that is a non-mercury lamp-based alternative to currently used continuous-wave systems for water disinfection. PUV polychromatic irradiation disinfection efficiency was compared to that from continuous-wave monochromatic low-pressure (LP) and polychromatic medium-pressure (MP) UV systems, using two types of ...
The trace formula is one of the most important tools in the theory of automorphic forms. It was invented in the 1950's by Selberg, who mostly studied the case of hyperbolic surfaces, and was later on developed extensively by Arthur in the generality of an adelic quotient of a reductive group over a number field. Here we provide an explicit expression for the spectral side, ...
PubMed Central
An evaluation is conducted of correlations between lunar soil spectral parameters and the degree of soil weathering. The results obtained indicate that the changes in the continuum spectrum are proportional to the absolute degree of nanophase metallic iron (NMI); this is physically reasonable in virtue of the concentration of the NMI pigment, but ...
The behavior of the spectral intensities of helium lines, including forbidden lines, was studied in a constant electric field. The absolute values of the probabilities of forbidden transitions and their dependence on the field voltage were determined from measurements of the relative strengths of forbidden and allowed spectral ...
The spectral radiance of three rocket motors doped with zero, 0.1%, and 1.0% NaCl was measured at 5890A. The spectral radiance of the plume continuum in the Fraunhofer D2 absorption band was measured also. Since the spectral radiance of the plume only qua...
Some questions of the approximate solution of the nonlinear boundary problem for analytic functions, associated with the Low equation are considered. The convergency of continuous analog of the Newton method to the solutions with small absolute value is p...
... simulations presented here a continuous Galerkin spectral/hp element method was ... Specifically, triangular elements are used, filled with Jacobi ...
Forest physiology assessment using high (10mm) spectral resolution imagery ( continued). Forest physiology assessment using high (10mm) spectral resolution ...
... of the ratio of data rate to bandwidth occupancy of the signal, can be ... continuous temporal derivatives as possible (to ensure steep spectral roll-off). ...
Thus, instead of the spectral signatures that continuously measure spectral response in very narrow intervals, the MSS data when plotted produce histogram -like ...
... Title : Correction of Spectral Interferences Arising from CN Emission in Continuous Air Monitoring Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic ...
Low BRDF value is widespread used in many critical domains such as space and military fairs. These values below 0.1 Sr-1 . So the Absolute realization of these value is the most critical issue in the absolute measurement of BRDF. To develop the Absolute value realization theory of BRDF , defining an arithmetic operators of BRDF , ...
The results are given of an experimental investigation of a possible use of UF-R and UF-VR photographic films for diagnostics of a high-temperature plasma formed as a result of focusing of 1.06 $mu$ laser radiation on the surface of a flat bulk Al target. These films were used to record continuous x-ray radiation in the 0.1--1 nm range. An analysis was made of the ...
We theoretically investigate the spectral and localization properties of two-dimensional (2D) deterministic aperiodic (DA) arrays of photonic nanopillars characterized by singular continuous (Thue-Morse sequence) and absolutely continuous (Rudin-Shapiro sequence) Fourier spectra. A rigorous and efficient numerical ...
The translation action of ? d on a translation bounded measure ? leads to an interesting class of dynamical systems, with a rather rich spectral theory. In general, the diffraction spectrum of ?, which is the carrier of the diffraction measure, lives on a subset of the dynamical spectrum. It is known that, under some mild assumptions, a pure point diffraction spectrum implies ...
Solar irradiance in the far and middle ultraviolet UV wavelength region 120-300 nm represents less than 2 of the Sun s irradiance output but has an important effect on the Earth s atmosphere Variations in far-UV and mid-UV irradiance over a solar cycle constitute approximately 14 of the total observed solar energy variation Solar far-UV irradiance is deposited in the atmosphere at altitudes ...
A high-precision absolute electrical substitution radiometer with a thermally stabilized cavity as a receiving element was designed at VNIIOFI and used to derive the Russian Special Standard of the solar irradiance. This nonselective radiometer is used in the measuring range from 50 to 2000 W/m2 with uncertainty of 0.1% and from 1 to 50 W/m2 with uncertainty not more than ...
Hydrogen 1 (1H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy enables noninvasive in vivo quantification of metabolite concentrations in the brain. Currently, metabolite concentrations are most often presented as ratios (eg, relative to creatine) rather than as absolute concentrations. Despite the success of this approach, it has recently been suggested that relative quantification may ...
This report quantitatively evaluates the spectral mismatch error for the reference cell method. The spectral mismatch error for various crystalline silicon test cell/reference cell combinations under several popular solar simulators is compared with the red/blue ratio method. The absolute spectral response of seven ...
This paper presents the results of measurements of photocurrent spectra on Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ electrodes under potentiostatic conditions in the contact between the electrode and an indifferent electrolyte solution. The authors try to ascertain the influence of the thickness of the film and heating on the spectral dependence of the photocurrent of Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ electrodes. ...
The spectral energy distribution of stars of early and intermediate spectral type has been investigated in terms of spectral gradients. Observational data on stellar energy distribution are taken from recent catalogs of absolutely calibrated spectrophotometric data. For the stars of early ...
Spectral reflectance measurements from 400 to 800 nm were taken from immature and mature leaves of grapefruit ('McCarty' and 'Rio Red'), 'Minneola' tangelo, 'Satsuma' mandarin, 'Dancy' tangerine, 'Nagami' oval kumquat, and 'Valencia' sweet orange, at the Florida Citrus Arboretum, Division of Plant Industry, Winter Haven, Florida. Immature and mature leaves of 'Minneola' ...
Researchers at the Spectroscopy Lab have measured the spectral reflectance of hundreds of materials in the lab, and have compiled a spectral library. The library is used as a reference for material identification in remote sensing images. Work on the library continues, including the addition of more minerals, mineral mixtures, ...
The implementation of a program of spectral observations of solar radiation on a horizontal surface at ground level has been accomplished to 80% of the expected target. A set of 8 spectral pyranometers associated with a data logging integrator system has ...
The report is a study of the possible effects of solar U.V. (Ultraviolet radiation) on the photosynthetic rates of agricultural crops. Experimental data were obtained on incidence, penetration and effectiveness of solar U.V. The absolute spectral irradian...
Changing angles of incidence and emission while collecting diffuse reflectance spectra of Vesta relevant materials can affect the band center positions, depth, area, absolute reflectance, and spectral slope.
in the National Research Council Earth Science Decadal. Survey as a key component of ... spectrally resolved thermal IR and reflected solar radiation at high absolute ... calibration for a wide range of visible and infrared (IR). Earth observing ...
The authors report on experimental measurements of the temperature of a plasma consisting of combustion products in an MHD duct. The measurements were made by a number of different methods: absolute spectral line intensity recording; sodium line reversal;...
The absolute equilibrium statistical mechanics of a two-field model of drift wave turbulence is investigated with emphasis on predicting the direction of spectral transfer, and on exploration of the role of density-potential correlation in constraining th...
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A solar radiometer of novel design was used to measure the horizontal global solar irradiance. The instrument employs the principle of spectral selectivity of surfaces and gives directly an absolute determination of the solar irradiance. Construction is simple and the device is suitable for use in colleges.
Emission from the exhaust plume of a 30 cm mercury ion thruster was measured from 160 to 600 nm as a function of axial and radial distance from the thruster discharge chamber. The spectrally dispersed absolute intensities were used to construct an empiric...
Contents: The variation of the exponent of the electron and muon density spectra of EAS; Measurements of plasma temperature in MHD generator ducts and combustion chambers by recording the absolute intensities of spectral lines; Study of various methods fo...
Location relative to a reference event is often more useful and precise than absolute event location. Such location requires relative times for pairs of events observed at a common station, which can be obtained with high precision for similar events by w...
A noise phenomenon which is often dominant at low frequencies is comprised of those processes which are called 1/f noise, flicker effect, and sporadic processes. These processes are characterized by a power spectral density which varies as 1/((the absolut...
spectral data on vowels in various consonantal environments. The study ..... Phoneme perception must oe absolute, or very nearly so, if language is to bt. phonemic. ...... of 6 syllables/second, the addition of nuances require_ ...
Location relative to a reference event is often more useful and precise than absolute event location. The use of relative location accounts for most of the errors arising from path effects. Such location requires relative times for pairs of events observe...
A technique of flat crystal x-ray spectrometer for quantitative spectral measurement is described. For the flat crystal spectrograph geometry, the quantitative reduction of relating the CCD counts back to the photon flux from the x-ray source is established. The absolute calibrations of the integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal and the CCD ...
Activation methods for determining the neutron spectral and spatial distributions in swimming-pool research reactors are outlined, The activation cross sections for several nuclides are tabulated in order to compare their usefulness in the flux activation methods. (T.F.H.)
The Christensen (1978) and Cacciari (1985) collections of absolute spectral energy distributions of Population 2 stars, based on visual and IUE spectrophotometric data respectively, were compared to Kurucz' (1979) theoretical models, with different metall...
The paper presents an analysis of the reflection and absorption of radiation in a parametric optical converter in the case of absolute spectral density measurements performed by a quantum photometer. A general-purpose method is proposed for the calculation of a correction factor which excludes systematic errors.
The objective is to determine the absolute spectral energy radiated in the visible region by a Mk 24 illuminating flare. A spectrum of the flame in the visible region is obtained with a scanning spectrometer. The integrated visible energy radiated by a fl...
Microwave radiometry is the spectral measurement technique of resolving electromagnetic radiation of all matters which temperature is above absolute zero. This technique utilized the electromagnetic noise field generated by a thermal volume similar to a m...
Habitats characterized by high spatial variation in absolute light levels and spectral quality present a challenge to animals that rely on visual orientation and visual target discrimination. Insects, in particular, face several difficulties in visual per...
An experimental study is presented of the resonant Raman spectra of beta carotene. Absolute differential cross sections are obtained for the most intensive Raman spectral lines with excitation at the absorption maximum. A theoretical analysis is presented...
A calorimetric method for measuring the absolute spectral sensitivity of a far-infrared (100 micrometers to 5 mm) detector was developed. The method uses a liquid-helium-cooled integrating-sphere calorimeter capable of measuring a radiative power of the o...
... and C. E. Strouse. 1975. The crystal and molecular structure and absolute configuration of ethyl chlorophyllide a dihydrate, ... and C. E. Strouse. 1975. The crystal and molecular structure of ethyl chlor...
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Data collected at 9 deg 30'N on the East Pacific Rise has previously been inverted for the P-wave velocity and attenuation structure of the cmst. Delay time tomography was used to determine velocities and the results combined with spectral slope estimates...
A method for measurement of the absolute phase by using femtosecond laser spectral interference technique has been reported. Theoretical simulation indicates that the interference fringes of double femtosecond laser pulses are significantly different when phase difference between the double femtosecond laser pulses is different. An experimental apparatus ...
Accurate solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral irradiance data are needed for research in solar, ionospheric/thermospheric, and planetary physics, as well as for space weather forecasts and spacecraft operations and tracking. Because of instrument perf...
Imaging Spectrometry requires precise knowledge or wavelength in order to perform various spectral analyses. This thesis project was tasked with performing wavelength calibration as part or the ongoing development or the Naval Postgraduate School's Lineat...
Absolute x-ray calibration of laser-produced plasmas was performed using a CCD linear array and a focusing crystal spectrometer. The plasmas were created by a Nd glass laser and a high repetition rate Nd-YAG laser. A commercial CCD was used for x-ray detection. The CCD linear array has 3724 pixels giving a total length of approximately 30 mm. First the CCD detector was ...
Traditional incandescent on-board calibration sources do not provide the stability required for an on-board absolute calibration reference source for a mission like CLARREO where the allowable error due to calibration sources is very small (< 0.15% per decade). Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) light emitting diodes (LEDs) are appealing to use as calibration sources due to ...
Driven by the needs for microlithography, powerful sources for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at wavelengths around 13 nm are currently under development. For absolute photon flux measurements of highly intense and extremely pulsed radiation in the VUV and EUV spectral range, a detector system based on the photoionization of rare gases has been ...
The shallow water equations are a simplified form of the momentum and continuity equations in the Navier-Stokes system. They are used in many atmospheric models because the solution mimics the horizontal aspects of the atmospheric dynamics, and the simplicity of the equations make them useful for numerical experiments. Further, relaxing the hydrostatic assumption yields a full ...
A total of 96 absolute gravity (AG) measurements at the Membach station and 221 at the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL) is analyzed for noise content. The lengths of the series were around 10 years (POL) and 8 years (Membach). First the noise at frequencies lower than 1 cpd is studied. This noise consists in setup-dependent offsets and geophysical colored sources. The ...
Imaging diagnostics are used for spatially/emdash/and temporally/emdash/resolved quantitative measurements of plasma properties such as the ionization particle source, particle and energy loss, and impurity radiation in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. Diagnostics equipped with multi-element solid-state detectors (often with image intensifiers) are well suited to the environment of large ...
