The threshold values of total absorbed dose for causing changes in tensile properties of a polyetherimide film and the limitations of the absorbed dose rate for accelerated-exposure evaluation of the effects of electron radiation in geosynchronous orbit w...

The objective of this paper is to critically evaluate the interrelationship of the radiopharmaceuticals, radionuclides and organ visualization instrumentation on the resultant absorbed dose to a patient having a bone scan versus the clinical information o...

The VARSKIN computer code has been limited to the isotopes for which the scaled absorbed dose distributions were provided by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee or to data that could be interpolated from isotopes that had similar spectra....

A methodology has been recently developed for evaluation of doses absorbed by samples irradiated in research reactors, in which the partial doses due to thermal neutrons, epithermal neutrons, fast neutrons and gamma radiation are individually quantified. ...

The biological effect taking place in the medium as the result of irradiation is determined by the absorbed irradiated energy and its micro and macro distribution in the tissue under irradiation. The quantitative evaluation of irradiation is effected by the measured dose contained in the air and expressed in roentgen units. ...

The effects of various factors that can affect the effective absorbed dose of the tissues in radiotherapy with radiocolloids are studied. Radiocolloids of Au/sup 198/, P/sup 32/, and Y/sup 90/ are used. A mathematical evaluation is made of the dose absorbed by the irradiated tissue in ...

The threshold values of total absorbed dose for causing changes in tensile properties of a polyetherimide film and the limitations of the absorbed dose rate for accelerated-exposure evaluation of the effects of electron radiation in geosynchronous orbit were studied. Total ...

The VARSKIN computer code has been limited to the isotopes for which the scaled absorbed dose distributions were provided by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee or to data that could be interpolated from isotopes that had similar spectra. This document describes the methodology to calculate the scaled ...

Changes in dose distributions in buildup region resulting from the presence of lead, aluminum, and lucite absorbers above the surface of a polystyrene phantom were evaluated. The surface dose, as a function of the absorber thickness, is presented as well as the influence of the air gap between ...

It is necessary during construction and subsequent operation of a commercial nuclear power reactor to evaluate the impact of the absorbed dose on the useful life of equipment and components. Routinely, the gamma contribution to this absorbed dose is evaluated, and major ...

This report is concerned with the methods of evaluating the absorbed dose received by the tissues of persons to whom radiopharmaceuticals are administered. Imaging procedures, types of radionuclide, biological data and clinical measurements are discussed. The general procedures for absorbed-dose calculations ...

The purpose of this study was to determine, by theoretical calculation and experimental measurement, the absorbed dose distributions in two heterogeneous phantoms representing one-year- and five-year-old children from typical radiographic examinations for...

An algorithm for depth-dose distribution produced by plane-parallel electron beams normally incident on two- or three-layer absorbers is described, and a FORTRAN code for this algorithm is given. The algorithm is based on a simple model of electron penetr...

We describe here the use of computational methods for evaluation of the low dose effects on human fibroblasts after irradiation with Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) Auger electrons. The results suggest a parabolic relationship between the irradiation of fibroblasts with (99m)Tc Auger electrons and the total absorbed dose. ...

The aims of this work were to measure the entrance and exit dose for patient treated for head and neck tumors. The target absorbed dose was determined from the exit and entrance dose measurement. Twenty patients were evaluated. The results were compared to the calculated values and the midline ...

Lateral transcranial radiographs are commonly used to evaluate TMJ morphology and function. This study evaluated the use of four TMJ positioners in controlling the amount of radiation absorbed at predetermined sites on a phantom head. Use of positioners and collimators can reduce the amount of radiation exposure.

The various aspects of the problem of the evaluation of the dose of radiations absorbed for medical reasons before additional medical exposure are examined. At present, it cannot be excluded that, in the case of certain harmful effects, such as the production of leukemia, the absorbed ...

Absorbed doses of incorporated iodine and caesium radionuclides were evaluated in cattle animals which were within the Chernobyl accident spilling-out zone during the first year after the accident. The absorbed doses in animal thyroids were determined to range from 25 to 320 Gy. Some endemic ...

The handbook contains data from which absorbed dose to selected tissues can be estimated for upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract fluoroscopy conducted with BaSO4 contrast media. The handbook permits the user to evaluate tissue doses for the range of technic...

... Accession Number : AD0672563. Title : A CALORIMETER WITH INTERCHANGEABLE ABSORBERS FOR ABSORBED DOSE ...

... Title : MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE ABSORBED DOSE FROM ASSIMILATION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN BODY ORGANS OF HUMANS,. ...

Estimation of dose absorbed in the human body is important from the point of view of health physics as well as because of the increased utilization of nuclear radiation in clinical and diagnostic medicine or therapy. An idealized mathematical model of the human body was developed and Monte Carlo calculation was applied to evaluate the ...

For ionizing radiation, absorbed dose is defined as the energy imparted per unit mass of an infinitesimal volume. While straightforward to define, absorbed dose is somewhat more difficult to measure or infer. There is growing attention to the uncertainty in values of absorbed ...

By dosing the absorbed energy in volumetric rad units a great advantage could be achieved over the dosage of radiation energy in roentgens. Using rad units to evaluate the degree of the biological reaction referred to the total weight of the irradiated organism (rad/kg) is recommended. In irradiating 2 groups of patients of ...

The influence of neutron scattering in the wall of a spherical proportional counter on the energy deposition spectra and the absorbed dose is investigated. Event probabilities, and frequency and dose-averaged deposited energies are calculated with and without scattering contribution and compared. The change of ...

Depth distributions of absorbed doses and dose equivalents in tissue are computed for the alpha and proton components of a typical rigidity spectrum of a large flare assuming a flux ratio of one to one. Even for the lowest investigated shield thickness of...

The main goal of this dissertation was to establish the feasibility of basing megavoltage external photon beam absorbed dose calculations in voxelized phantoms on SN deterministic calculations and pre-calculated electron absorbed dose kernels derived from full-physics Monte Carlo. The SN derived electron ...

An individual absorbed dose for atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors and radiologic technologists has been estimated using a new personal dosimetry. This dosimetry is based on the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of the CO33- radicals, which are produced in their teeth by radiation. Measurements were carried out to study the characteristics of the ...

Radioactive skin contamination with {beta}- and {gamma}-emitting radionuclides may result in biologically significant absorbed doses to the skin. A specific exposure scenario of interest is a nonuniform skin dose delivered by {beta}- and {gamma}-emissions from radioactive skin contamination. The United States Department of Energy ...

The objective of this paper is to critically evaluate the interrelationship of the radiopharmaceuticals, radionuclides and organ visualization instrumentation on the resultant absorbed dose to a patient having a bone scan versus the clinical information obtained from the study. The radionuclides to be considered in this ...

The purpose of this study was to determine, by theoretical calculation and experimental measurement, the absorbed dose distributions in two heterogeneous phantoms representing one-year- and five-year-old children from typical radiographic examinations for those ages. Theoretical work included the modification of an existing internal ...

The absorbed dose primary standard of the BEV is a graphite calorimeter. Two methods are employed for the conversion of absorbed dose to graphite into absorbed dose to water: calculation on the one hand and the use of an ionization chamber in combination ...

Absorbed dose and dose equivalent from negatively and positively charged pions in energy range 10 to

... Title : A FORTRAN PROGRAM TO DETERMINE ABSORBED ORGAN DOSE DUE TO INHALATION OF RADIONUCLIDES,. ...

... of absorbed dose; rem relates the absorbed dose in human tissue to the ... effort to increase the nation's preparedness for potential attacks against ...

... Title : Computational Determination of Absorbed Dose Distributions From Multiple Volumetric Gamma Ray Sources,. Corporate Author : ...

The purpose of this work is to evaluate dose to organs, outside the treatment volume. The experimental measurements were done using TLD dosemeters, placed in various regions of a Rando Alderson Phantom. The theoretical absorbed doses were calculated using...

Methods for determining flux depression into the surface of an absorber and the self-shielding within an absorber are presented. An equation is given for evaluating dose rates from coolant actlvation is pressurized water reactors. A fast neutron dose attenuation kernel for a point ...

In April, 1956, the International Conimittee on Radiological Protection adopted the maximum permissible integrated absorbed dose as 50 rem to age 30 or 50 rem per decade thereafter. The National Committee on Radiation Protection set the maximum absorbed dose that could be accumulated from occupational ...

Due to the Goiania radiological accident, it was necessary to develop urgently a dosimeter in order to evaluate, simultaneously, beta and gamma absorbed doses, due to /sup 137/Cs radiation. Therefore, the Dosimetric Material Production Laboratory of IPEN ...

Current clinical experience in radiation therapy is based upon dose computations that report the absorbed dose to water, even though the patient is not made of water but of many different types of tissue. While Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms have the potential for higher dose accuracy, ...

In order to validate dose evaluation methods for radiation shielding design of accelerator facilities, absorbed dose distributions in a plastic phantom of 30�30�30cm3 slab were measured for 40- and 65-MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutrons with a tissue-equivalent proportional counter and a tissue-equivalent ...

The Contribution of self-irradiation and cosmic-ray to glass dosemeter was evaluated experimentally. The coefficient which means the ratio of dose of glass dosemeter to unit dose absorbed in a 3'' (phi) spherical NaI(Tl) detector from cosmic-ray was deter...

Current methods for calculating the absorbed dose in a target region from a source region rely on a standard {open_quotes}reference man{close_quotes} geometry and assume an uniform distribution of radiolabel. While this approach is acceptable at the low levels of radioisotope administered for most diagnostic purposes, the generality of the calculations is ...

The concepts of radiation exposure dose, absorbed dose, and biological dose resulting from ionizing particles are reviewed. The units used in radiation measurements are defined, and the concept of electronic equilibrium is discussed. The Bragg-Gray cavity relation ls used to calculate the ...

A computerized approach to the average absorbed dose calculations in the standard human body is reported. For each selected radionuclide, a matrix S of the order n X n is constructed and stored in the computer. The matrix elements consist of the absorbed dose coefficients per unit cumulated activity (rad microCi-1 ...

Methods are discussed for determining the integral absorbed dose during each diagnostic investigation. The integral absorbed dose is the total energy imparted to the patient. For the radiation qualities used in diagnostic procedures nearly all the energy of the x-ray beam is absorbed by ...

Enamel from 34 molars from 22 individuals in the general population are used to evaluate the background radiation in six cities in India. The estimation of the background dose for each tooth is evaluated using two EPR methods: the calibration-curve method and the additive-dose method. The variation of the estimated ...

... MINUTE INVESTIGATION OF ABSORBED DOSES IN COMPLEX ... DESCRIBED OF SUCH A DETERMINATION. ... CASE OF DOSE DISTRIBUTION AT ...

Absorbed dose calculations provide a scientific basis for evaluating the biological effects associated with administered radiopharmaceuticals. In cancer therapy, radiation dosimetry also supports treatment planning, dose-response analyses, predictions of therapy effectiveness, and completeness of patient medical ...

Irradiation of blood products abrogates the proliferation of lymphocytes present in cellular component, which is currently the only accepted methodology to prevent transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD). A range of irradiation dose levels between 15 Gy and 50 Gy is being used, but the majority of facilities are employing 15 Gy. It should, however, be ...

A mathematic model for evaluation of absorbed dose in radionuclide renography has been developed and programmed for automatic calculation in the computer. Input data to the model are readily available from the results of the renography and, hence, the method described is suitable for individual dose determinations ...

A mathematic model for evaluation of absorbed dose in radionuclide renography has been developed and programmed for automatic calculation in the computer. Input data to the model are readily available from the results of the renography and, hence, the method described is suitable for individual dose determinations ...

Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used in a tissue-equivalent phantom to measure doses of radiation absorbed by various structures in the head when the temporomandibular joint was examined by four different radiographic techniques--the transcranial, transorbital, and sigmoid notch (Parma) projections and the lateral tomograph. The highest ...

¹³¹I radionuclide therapy studies have not shown a strong relationship between tumor absorbed dose and response, possibly due to inaccuracies in activity quantification and dose estimation. The goal of this work was to establish the accuracy of ¹³¹I activity quantification and ...

Medical Internal Radiation Dose(MIRD) schema was developed for calculating the absorbed dose from the administrated radiopharmaceuticals. With the biological distribution data and physical properties of the radionuclide, we can estimated the absorbed dose...

... Abstract : The effects of electron radiation on Ultem, a ... were studied for total absorbed doses from 1.0 kGy to 100 MGy at absorbed dose rates from ...

A Monte Carlo simulation of multiple trabecular bone cavities in adult bone was developed and the absorbed radiation dose factors evaluated for 3H and 14C. The model was developed to assess the dose from radionuclide uptake in quiescent bone, but also the effects of temporal changes in bone turnover by ...

The national primary standard of the PTB with its extrapolation chambers and associated equipment is described. The evaluation procedure including all the corrections of the measured values is discussed in detail. Measurement uncertainties are stated for ...

Recent research development in this laboratory concerning radiation effects on the thin layer specimens of organic polymers and p-n junction of semiconductors requires the accurate evaluation of backscattered energy which is especially important for low e...

Research was carried out to evaluate possible differences of the dose distribution under two grids with the same opening relation but with holes of different size. The results show that the only effective variation consists in the depth of the homogerization plane and of the position, within the absorber, of the volume of ...

The tissue equivalent proportional counter had the purpose of providing the energy absorbed from a radiation field and an estimate of the corresponding linear energy transfer (LET) for evaluation of radiation quality to convert to dose equivalent. It was ...

Estimated risks of thyroid tumor development following radiation during infancy and childhood are presented from seven followup studies. In most of the studies the thyroid absorbed doses are high but in two of them the doses associated with thyroid cancer and adenoma are of diagnostic interest. Estimates are presented of thyroid ...

Tandem systems usually comprise two detectors with different radiation energy responses and are utilized to determine the effective energy of unknown radiation beams. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of absorbed dose on tandem curves obtained for different TL materials. In the studied dose ...

... Abstract : ;Contents: Interaction between radiation and tissue; Radiation quantities and units; Radiation quality and dose equivalent; History of dose ...

... EQUIVALENTS OF GALACTIC RADIATION EXPOSURE IN SPACE,. ... In assessing the astronaut's exposure from galactic ... of absorbed doses to dose ...

... AS INDICATORS OF ABSORBED RADIATION DOSE IN RATS. ... of doses of mixed gamma-neutron radiations or 14 ... was a function of dose over the ...

... Accession Number : AD0229580. Title : CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORBENT EVALUATION AND CANISTER DESIGN. Descriptive ...

Absorbed-dose and dose-equivalent rates for astronauts were estimated by multiplying fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients in the units of Gy.cm(2) and Sv.cm(2), respectively, and cosmic-ray fluxes around spacecrafts in the unit of cm(-2) s(-1). The dose conversion coefficients employed in the calculation were ...

A new method for the evaluation of radiotherapy 3D polymer gel dosimeters has been developed using ultrasound to assess the significant structural changes that occur following irradiation of the dosimeters. The ultrasonic parameters of acoustic speed of propagation, attenuation and transmitted signal intensity were measured as a function of absorbed ...

The absorbed dose due to photonuclear reactions in soft tissue, lung, breast, adipose tissue and cortical bone has been evaluated for a scanned bremsstrahlung beam of end point 50 MeV from a racetrack accelerator. The Monte Carlo code MCNP4B was used to determine the photon source spectrum from the bremsstrahlung target and to simulate ...

The absorbed dose due to photonuclear reactions in soft tissue, lung, breast, adipose tissue and cortical bone has been evaluated for a scanned bremsstrahlung beam of end point 50 MeV from a racetrack accelerator. The Monte Carlo code MCNP4B was used to determine the photon source spectrum from the bremsstrahlung target and to simulate ...

Absorbed tissue dose measurements are carried out for high-energy photon beams using CaSO4:Dy thermo-luminescence dosemeter (TLD) badge and the results are also verified using ionisation chamber used in radiation therapy. The photon beams generated using linear accelerator at 6 and 18 MV photon beam energies have been used and the ...

The possible inductions of bone cancer and leukemia are the two health effects of primary concern in the irradiation of the skeleton. The relevant target tissues to consider in the dosimetric evaluation have been the cells on or near endosteal surfaces of bone, from which osteosarcomas are thought to arise, and hematopoietic bone marrow, which is associated with leukemia. The ...

The possible inductions of bone cancer and leukemia are the two health effects of primary concern in the irradiation of the skeleton. The relevant target tissues to consider in the dosimetric evaluation have been the cells on or near endosteal surfaces of bone, from which osteosarcomas are thought to arise, and hematopoietic bone marrow, which is associated with leukemia. The ...

Neutron dose measurement and evaluation techniques in criticality accident conditions using a thermo luminescence dosemeter (TLD) was studied at the Transient Experiment Critical Facility (TRACY) of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). In the present approach, the absorbed dose is derived from the ...

This paper aims to evaluate the effective dose as well as equivalent doses of several organs of an adult hermaphrodite mathematical phantom according to the definition of ICRP Publication 60 for BNCT treatments of brain tumors in the epithermal neutron beam at THOR. The MCNP5 Monte Carlo code was used for the calculation of the average ...

For radionuclide therapy, individual patient pharmacokinetics can be measured in three dimensions by sequential SPECT imaging. Accurate registration of the time series of images is central for voxel-based calculations of the residence time and absorbed dose. In this work, rigid and non-rigid methods are evaluated for registration of ...

The effect of cylindrical protector dimensions, material and distance from the source on the dose distribution in rotational radiotherapy was studied to assess the potential protection possibilities of small-sized radiosensitive structures, such as spinal cord. The dose distributions were evaluated in terms of dose ...

The application of more and more low-energy photon radiation in brachytherapy-either in the form of low-dose-rate radioactive seeds such as Pd-103 or I-125 or in the form of miniature x-ray tubes-has induced greater interest in determining the absorbed dose to water in water in this energy range. As it seems to be hardly feasible to ...

The application of more and more low-energy photon radiation in brachytherapy�either in the form of low-dose-rate radioactive seeds such as Pd-103 or I-125 or in the form of miniature x-ray tubes�has induced greater interest in determining the absorbed dose to water in water in this energy range. As it seems to be hardly feasible ...

A geometric model of the International space station (ISS) service module has been built up with account of basic structural components and spatial heterogeneity of matter distribution in SM equipment for the purpose of evaluating influence of a selected matter distribution function on the R-16 absorbed dose estimation. The uniform ...

An irradiation experiment on insulation gas was carried out to evaluate ionization current and voltage holding characteristics with the gamma-rays from Co-60. The gases of air, SF{sub 6}, C{sub 2}F{sub 6}, CO{sub 2}, and mixture of air and SF{sub 6} were investigated using parallel-disk electrodes all the absorbed dose rate of up to ...

The average outdoor absorbed dose rate in air and the average annual effective dose equivalent due to terrestrial gamma radiation from 40K, 238U and 232Th in rocks in Ondo and Ekiti States, Southwestern Nigeria have been evaluated from measurements of the concentrations of these radionuclides in this environmental ...

Results are reported from a study performed to check how well the calculated absorbed radiation dose fraction data (S-factors) given in MIRD Pamphlet No. 5 and related reports apply to living patients administered radionuclides. An external target region ...

One of the many risks of long-duration space flights is the excessive exposure to cosmic radiation, which has great importance particularly during solar flares and higher sun activity. Monitoring of the cosmic radiation on board space vehicles is carried out on the basis of wide international co-operation. Since space radiation consists mainly of charged heavy particles (protons, alpha and heavier ...

The National Bureau of Standards is performing a study of the ability of radiation-therapy departments to deliver prescribed absorbed doses of /sup 60/Co gamma radiation to a water phantom. Batches of thermoluminescence dosimeters are mailed to participating therapy departments for irradiation under prescribed conditions. Upon return of the dosimeters, the ...

When reporting radiation therapy procedures, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommends specifying absorbed dose at/in all clinically relevant points and/or volumes. In addition, treatment conditions should be reported as completely as possible in order to allow full understanding and interpretation of the treatment ...

... Title : Radiation Energy Absorbed by Human Phantoms ... DOSIMETERS, INSTRUMENTATION, IONIZATION CHAMBERS, DOSE RATE, RADIATION ...

This report describes methods and computer programs for calculating absorbed-dose distribution in a water target irradiated by proton beams. The spatial pattern of absorbed dose from monoenergetic pencil beams is calculated as a function of the depth in t...

Values of the fast neutron absorbed dose rate in an ethylene absorber are given as a function of penetration distance in hydrogen. The dose rates were obtained by numerical integration of the product of the differential number spectrum and the ethylene conversion factors. (auth)

The conversion of absorbed doses in graphite to absorbed doses in water was studied. A method employing a thin walled ionization chamber as a transfer device was developed. A commercial secondary standard therapy level exposure meter was used in one of th...

At present, absorbed dose calculations for radionuclides in the human circulatory system used relatively simple models and are restricted in their applications. To determine absorbed doses to the blood and to the surface of the blood vessel wall, EGS4 Mon...

According to published data, the absorbed dose used for a CBCT image acquisition with Varian OBI v1.3 can be as high as 100 mGy. In 2008 Varian released a new OBI version (v1.4), which promised to reduce the imaging dose. In this study, absorbed doses used for CBCT image acquisitions with the ...

In polymer gel dosimetry using magnetic resonance imaging, the uncertainty in absorbed dose is dependent on the experimental determination of T2. The concept of dose resolution (D?p) of polymer gel dosimeters is developed and applied to the uncertainty in dose related to the uncertainty in T2 from a range of T2 ...

Radiochromic Dye Dosimeters (Gafchromic DM-100) were used to measure the absorbed doses in liquid samples exposed to a {sup 137}Cs gamma-ray source. The initial calibration of commercially available radiochromic film was performed using a {sup 60}Co gamma-ray source. When exposed to gamma-ray doses of 0.5 to 200 kGy, a color change ...

Digital radiographs obtained with a CT scanner were evaluated as an alternative to conventional pelvimetry. Dosimetry studies demonstrated an absorbed radiation dose of 22 mrad for each digital radiograph, approximately 3% of the dose for comparable standard radiographs. Distance measurements were accurately made ...

Digital radiographs obtained with a CT scanner were evaluated as an alternative to conventional pelvimetry. Dosimetry studies demonstrated an absorbed radiation dose of 22 mrad for each digital radiograph, approximately 3% of the dose for comparable standard radiographs. Distance measurements were accurately made ...

Measurements of absorbed dose, dose rate, and dose distribution in food products are vital to the success of treatment of food by ionizing radiation (X ray and gamma radiation and electron beams). Dosimetry is used not only for regulatory purposes and quality control but as documentation of research leading to each ...

A technique is presented for calculating the dose or energy absorbed in a material from a knowledge of the ..gamma.. radiation field and the composition of the material. The absorbed dose per unit exposure for various elements and the absorbed dose as a function of material ...

Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has become a treatment of choice in many oncological institutions. Small fields or beamlets with sizes of 1 to 5 cm2 are now routinely used in IMRT delivery. Therefore small ionization chambers (IC) with sensitive volumes <=0.1 cm3are generally used for dose verification of an IMRT treatment. The measurement conditions during ...

Absorbed dose and dose-average linear energy transfer (LET) were assessed by means of LiF: Mg, Ti thermoluminescence (TL) detectors at different locations onboard the Russian segment (RS) of the International Space Station (ISS) in the timeframe between February and November 2001, i.e. for 248 days. Based on calibrations of the ...

Anthropomorphic computational models coupled with radiation transport codes are valuable tools in radiation protection dosimetry. In particular, they are very reliable for the estimate of the energy absorbed by different organs due to an incorporated radionuclide. MIRD-based stylised analytical models are widely accepted as standards but the recent generation of voxel ...

... dose, Q is the quality factor, and N is the product of any other modifying factors such as those accounting for effects due to dose rate, dose ...

A general method is presented for patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) absorbed dose calculations based on quantitative SPECT activity measurements. The computational scheme includes a method for registration of the CT study to the SPECT image, and compensation for attenuation, scatter, and collimator-detector response including septal penetration, ...

The influence of cumulative absorbed dose, initial dose rate and mass of the remnant thyroid tissue on outcome of radioiodine treatment was assessed to determine an optimum value of absorbed dose and initial dose rate predictive of successful ablation. In 87 patients with ...

Background radiation dose is used in dosimetry for estimating occupational doses of radiation workers or determining radiation dose of an individual following accidental exposure. In the present study, the absorbed dose and the background radiation level are determined using the electron spin ...

... dosimeters for X rays in the 1�50 MeV range be calibrated in terms of absorbed dose to ... ...

Read out the absorbance of a dosimetric foil is accomplished by two beam spectrophotometer. Such a solution makes possible the compensation of light source instabilities and ensures higher stability of the dose reader. The error of absorbance measurement ...

... Accession Number : ADD344981. Title : Computational Determination of Absorbed Dose Distribution From Gamma Ray Sources,. Corporate Author ...