The concepts of radiation exposure dose, absorbed dose, and biological dose resulting from ionizing particles are reviewed. The units used in radiation measurements are defined, and the concept of electronic equilibrium is discussed. The Bragg-Gray cavity relation ls used to calculate ...

Medical Internal Radiation Dose(MIRD) schema was developed for calculating the absorbed dose from the administrated radiopharmaceuticals. With the biological distribution data and physical properties of the radionuclide, we can estimated the absorbed dose...

Read out the absorbance of a dosimetric foil is accomplished by two beam spectrophotometer. Such a solution makes possible the compensation of light source instabilities and ensures higher stability of the dose reader. The error of absorbance measurement ...

With the increase in the amount of time spent EVA that is necessary to complete the construction and

Total absorbed doses measured with TLD's, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra measured with plastic track detectors, and low energy neutrons measured on measured in TLD's were higher than predicted in the calculations of Armstrong et al. and differ from ...

This report documents the absorbed dose standard for photon beams in the range from 1 to 25 MeV. Measurements of absorbed dose in graphite irradiated by a beam of cobalt-60 gamma rays from an Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) E1 Dorado 6 teletherapy ...

Administration of x-ray contrast agents during heart catheterization examination increases the absorbed radiation dose in tissue. To estimate the dose absorbed by the blood of children undergoing diagnostic heart catheterization and angiocardiography, a number of measurements and calculations ...

Apr 21, 2011 ... + Absorbed Dose Measurents Made Using Thermoluminescent Detectors ... + Equations Used for Determination of Dose Efficiency, Total Dose, ...

The present invention relates to a device for determining radiation dose and, more particularly, to a standard dose measuring device against which other types of dosimeters may be calibrated.

... Meth- ods of fast neutron dosimetry based on blackening are ... and measuring the range of proton tracks in ... to the number of recoil protons times the ...

... The average absorbed dose value was 5% higher than the NRDL determination based on flux and spectrum measurements. ...

The sealed water calorimeter is intended for direct measurement of absorbed dose to water. This calorimeter was used for a series of approximately 3700 measurements to investigate the so-called heat defect, that is, anomalous endothermic or exothermic eff...

The measuring assembly described here, forms together with a calorimeter, a stable and accurate means to measure local absorbed dose in high energy photon or electron beams. The assembly contains AC bridges with phase sensitive detectors which provide goo...

The methods determining the superficial absorbed dose distributions in a water phantom by experiments and available theories are reported. The distributions of beta dose were measured by an extrapolation ionization chamber at definite depths corresponding...

A new extrapolation chamber is described, which is used as absolute standard for the determination of the absorbed beta radiation dose. The construction simulates a semi-infinite phantom and the absorbed dose to tissue was determined in tissue equivalent ...

The absorbed radiation dose from internal emitters has been and will remain a pivotal factor in assessing risk and therapeutic utility in selecting radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and treatment. Although direct measurements of absorbed dose and dose di...

Absorbed dose from x rays in tissue is generally obtained by calculation from the measured exposure dose. A direct measurement of absorbed dose can be obtained by the use of a tissue-equivalent plastic chamber filled with tissueequivalent gas. A ...

The biological effect taking place in the medium as the result of irradiation is determined by the absorbed irradiated energy and its micro and macro distribution in the tissue under irradiation. The quantitative evaluation of irradiation is effected by the measured dose contained in the air and expressed in roentgen units. ...

The threshold values of total absorbed dose for causing changes in tensile properties of a polyetherimide film and the limitations of the absorbed dose rate for accelerated-exposure evaluation of the effects of electron radiation in geosynchronous orbit were studied. Total absorbed ...

Measurements of the absorbed radiation dose fractions were made in a representation of an adult human. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of source organ size on the absorbed fractions in many target organs in the body. For...

A measuring method and dose rate meter for beta -ray absorbed dose independent of the beta -ray maximum energy have been developed. To obtain constant dose sensitivity (counting rate per absorbed dose rate), a thin plastic scintillator is used as the ...

The aims of this work were to measure the entrance and exit dose for patient treated for head and neck tumors. The target absorbed dose was determined from the exit and entrance dose measurement. Twenty patients were evaluated. The results were compared to the calculated ...

Laboratory measurements have demonstrated that it is possible to simultaneously measure absorbed dose and dose equivalent using a single tissue equivalent proportional counter. Small, pocket sized instruments are being developed to determine dose equivale...

A description is given of the mechanical and electrical design, construction and operation of the UK primary standard graphite calorimeter system. The calorimeter was developed for the measurement of absorbed dose to graphite for high energy photon radiat...

The aim of the report is to investigate various types of ionization chamber suitable for the measurement of absorbed dose to water for medium energy X-rays. The chamber correction factors to be applied to an ionization chamber calibrated in terms of air k...

An adiabatic calorimeter for measuring the value of absorbed dose of mixed radiation generated by the 70-GeV proton synchrotron is described. The calorimetric system consists of a working body (a core) and a shell (a screen). The calorimeter adiabaticity ...

With the development of the water calorimeter direct measurement of absorbed dose in water becomes possible. This could lead to the establishment of an absorbed dose rather than an exposure related standard for ionization chambers for high energy electrons and photons. In changing to an ...

Energy deposition in the internal electronics is measured in units of rads ( material). A rad (radiation absorbed dose) is ...

... that are difficult or impossible to solve by other methods (measurement of absorbed dose in joules per kilogram, separate determination of the ...

... degree at which ionizing radiations affect objects during radiobiological and radiation-chemical investigations ... the knowledge of the absorbed dose. ...

Mar 1, 2011 ... Using the measured quality factor, absorbed crew doses, and estimates of neutron dose equivalent, leads to crew stay times as short as 9 ...

Preparation and use of ferrous sulfate-cupric sulfate dosimeters for measuring absorbed ..gamma.. and electron radiation are described. The dosimeter is suitable for accurate measurement of the absorbed dose in water irradiated with x or ..gamma.. rays or high-energy electrons. The change in ...

The principal task of dosimetry in clinical radiology is the elucidation of distribution of absorbed doses in individual organs within the irradiated organism and in the body as a whole. For this purpose use is made either of estimation methods, or measurement of doses in the air with recalculation in ...

This report is concerned with the methods of evaluating the absorbed dose received by the tissues of persons to whom radiopharmaceuticals are administered. Imaging procedures, types of radionuclide, biological data and clinical measurements are discussed. The general procedures for absorbed-dose calculations ...

An address by Harold O. Wyckoff before the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements dealing with an Historical Review of Dosimetric Quantity Development; Comparison of Exposure and Absorbed Dose Concepts; Dissemination of Units; Adequacy of Present Absorbed Dose Determinations ...

The average absorbed dose and the maximum and minimum absorbed dose received by biological specimens of varying size, irradiated laterally with a known exposure dose of Co/sup 60/ gamma radiation measured in air at the midline was investigated experimentally. ...

The study was conducted to determine absorbed dose, dose-equivalent rates, and neutron spectra inside containment at nuclear power plants. The purpose of this study was: (1) measure dose-equivalent rates with various commercial types of rem meters, such a...

Contents: A sealed water calorimeter for measuring absorbed doses; Water calorimetry: Model and experiment; The development of a standard based on water calorimetry for absorbed dose to water; Comparison of water calorimeter with reference ionization cham...

The method recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) for absorbed dose calculation of a radionuclide distributed in a body is presented. The distance of a source point is estimated by the concept of specific is...

The main characteristics of a variable cavity ionization chamber are described. Using the ionization current of the detector irradiated in homogeneous beta rays fields, the tissue absorbed dose is determined. The corrective factors required to compute thi...

The determination of the degree at which ionizing radiations affect objects during radiobiological and radiation-chemical investigations, in medicine, etc., requires the knowledge of the absorbed dose. The calorimetric method is a direct method of determi...

As an agent for the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation is responsible for maintenance of the Australian Commonwealth standard of absorbed dose. This standard of measurem...

The purpose of this study was to determine, by theoretical calculation and experimental measurement, the absorbed dose distributions in two heterogeneous phantoms representing one-year- and five-year-old children from typical radiographic examinations for...

The design of a calorimetric working standard of ionising radiation absorbed dose is discussed. A brief history of the appropriate quantities and units of measurement is given. Detailed design considerations follow a summary of the relevant literature. Th...

A simple calorimetric dosimeter has been contrived to measure the radiation dose absorbed by di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid in irradiation with an electron or photon beam from a 60 MeV electron accelerator. The absorbed dose rate is related to the beam c...

Considerable difficulties arise in measuring absorbed doses of ..beta.. radiation in biological objects, and they are related to the specifics of passage of ..beta.. radiation through a substance, when the angular and spectral distribution changes radically deep in the absorber. From this point of view, it is ...

A method to obtain the absorbed dose in Drosophila melanogaster irradiated in the thermal column facility of the Triga Mark III Reactor has been developed. The method is based on the measurements of neutron activation of gold foils produced by neutron capture to obtain the neutron fluxes. These fluxes, combined with the calculations of ...

Lithium-based ceramics have been proposed as tritium breeders for fusion reactors. The lithium aluminate (gamma phase) seems to be thermally and structurally stable, the damages produced by neutron irradiation depend on the absorbed dose. A method based on the measurement of neutron activation of foils through neutron capture has been ...

We have determined, by calculation, the ratio of the absorbed dose produced in a water phantom to the one occurring in graphite, both for a depth of 5 g/cm exp 2 , with the reference point placed at 1 m from the BIPM sup 60 Co source. This result has then...

A standard practice is presented covering procedures for the use of thermoluminescent dosemeters to determine the absorbed dose in a material irradiated by ionizing radiation. The specific area of application is the radiation-hardness testing of electronic devices in which the material of interest is usually silicon. The method is applicable to ...

The method to measure absorbed dose to water in a field of carbon ions as applied for the heavy ion therapy project at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory in Darmstadt (GSI), Germany, is described in detail. Thimble ionization chambers with a water absorbed calibration factor are applied. The ...

The method presented provides a technique for calculating the absorbed dose in a material from knowledge of the radiation field, the composition of the material, and a related measurement. The procedure is applicable for x and gamma radiation, provided the energy of the photons falls in the 0.01 to 20 MeV range and the x-ray spectrum ...

For ionizing radiation, absorbed dose is defined as the energy imparted per unit mass of an infinitesimal volume. While straightforward to define, absorbed dose is somewhat more difficult to measure or infer. There is growing attention to the uncertainty in values of ...

The document describes calibration services available at the National Bureau of Standards for the standardization of high absorbed dose measurements of ionizing radiation. The areas of application of such measurements include medical product sterilization...

... Accession Number : AD0672563. Title : A CALORIMETER WITH INTERCHANGEABLE ABSORBERS FOR ABSORBED DOSE ...

The frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes taken from the peripheral blood provides a useful measure of absorbed dose. The estimation of dose is affected by time in culture of the lymphocytes, by sampling error and sampling time, and by size, ...

The international system of units and its adoption by Italy are discussed, with particular emphasis on the unit for equivalent radiation dose known as the Sievert. The danger of confusion between absorbed dose and equivalent dose measurements is brought up, justifying the adoption of the ...

The radiation risk to astronauts has always been based on measurements using passive thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). The skin dose is converted to dose equivalent using an average radiation quality factor based on model calculations. The radiological...

Dose distribution in various points within the body of a patient implanted with a cardiac pacemaker must be known in order to assess long-term risks for patients. Absorbed doses due to neutrons were computed by means of a method based on the use of the TR...

There is no abstract available for this product. If further information is requested, please refer to the bibliographic citation and contact the person listed under Contact field....

... Title : MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE ABSORBED DOSE FROM ASSIMILATION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN BODY ORGANS OF HUMANS,. ...

Phantom measurements of red bone marrow (RBM) doses, integral absorbed doses, and somatically effective dose equivalent (SEDE) from four different maxillary occlusal projections are presented. For each projection, different combinations of focus-skin distances and tube potentials were compared ...

Chemical dosimeters are used widely for accurate measurement of large radiation doses due to external beam irradiation from radioisotope sources and from particle accelerators. Their use for measurement of absorbed doses from radioactive solutions mixed in the dosimeter solution was reported as ...

Central axis depth absorbed dose distributions of the electron beam from a medical microtron accelerator have been measured. The measured distributions differ from those of existing betatrons and linear accelerators. A larger absorbed dose build-up and a sharper ...

Particle intensity, dose equivalent and absorbed dose have been measured on board the space shuttle Endeavour during STS-108 in December 2001 by Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS). The dose estimates are based on very accurate measurements of recoils produced in ...

A comparison has been made of central axis percent depth dose and absorbed dose in electron beams of 7.8 and 10.2 MeV, measured with devices of differing geometry and construction. Flat and cylindrical ionization chambers have been used as well as thin thermoluminescent dosimeters. The ionization chambers had walls ...

A comparison has been made of central axis percent depth dose and absorbed dose in electron beams of 7.8 and 10.2 MeV, measured with devices of differing geometry and construction. Flat and cylindrical ionization chambers have been used as well as thin thermoluminescent dosimeters. The ionization chambers had walls ...

A method and an instrument are, herein, disclosed for measuring the absorbed dose rate of beta-ray in sites of the human body. The instrument of this invention consists of a thin scintillator, a linear amplifier, a pulse selector having disposed in parallel therein a plurality of pulse height selection mechanisms for selectively ...

A method and an instrument are, herein, disclosed for measuring the absorbed dose rate of beta-rays in sites of the human body. The instrument of this invention consists of a filter, a thin scintillator, a photomultiplier tube, a linear amplifier, a discriminator having a plurality of pulse height selection potentiometers for ...

A method for estimating mean absorbed dose to different organs and tissues was developed for paediatric patients undergoing X-ray investigations. The absorbed dose distribution in water was measured for the specific X-ray beam used. Clinical images were s...

The absorbed dose to water is the reference physical quantity for the energy absorbed in tissue when exposed to beams of ionizing radiation in radiotherapy. The SI unit of absorbed dose to water is the gray (Gy = 1 J/kg). Ionization chambers are used as the dosimeters of choice in the clinical ...

Holographic interferometry employing temperature-induced changes of the refractive index of water has been used to measure absorbed dose distribution around an aluminum-rod immersed in water and exposed to a 3-MeV electron beam.

A method is suggested for measuring the doses from absorbed radon, short- life ore resistant t emitters RaB and RaC, and longlife radon daughters. Measurements were also made for thoron and actinon and new maximum permissible concentrations of thoron and radon in air are quoted. The suggested method of ...

An individual absorbed dose for atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors and radiologic technologists has been estimated using a new personal dosimetry. This dosimetry is based on the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of the CO33- radicals, which are produced in their teeth by radiation. Measurements were carried out to study the ...

Patient doses from computed tomography (CT) examinations are usually expressed in terms of dose index, organ doses, and effective dose. The CT dose index (CTDI) can be measured free-in-air or in a CT dosimetry phantom. Organ doses can be ...

No accepted official protocol exists for the dosimetry of the Leksell Gamma Knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery device. Establishment of a dosimetry protocol has been complicated by the unique partial-hemisphere arrangement of 201 individual 60Co beams simultaneously focused on the treatment volume and by the rigid geometry of the GK unit itself. This article proposes an air kerma based dosimetry ...

In this paper, the absorbed dose distributions of 0.6-2.0MeV electrons in circular compound materials have been calculated by the calculation method of electron energy deposition in multi-layer media based on bipartition model of electron transport. In addition, the blue cellophane film dosimeters have been used to measure the electron ...

Dose attenuation with depth in an absorber of on-axis bremsstrahlung generated from an electron target is measured and shown to agree within (plus minus)9% with Monte Carlo predictions as a function of absorber material (Al, Fe, Pb) and incident electron-...

May 7, 2008 ... ALARA As low as reasonably achievable. AMU Atomic Mass Unit ... D Absorbed dose. DACT Disposable absorbent containment trunk. dB Decibels ... TTS2 Temporary threshold shift measured 2 minutes after exposure ...

Current knowledge on the dosimrietry of fast electrons is reviewed. Definitions of absorbed dose, energy dose, and specific dose are presented. Some methods for absolute and relative dose measurements are discussed. Some calculations for detemination of the ...

The purpose of this study was to determine, by theoretical calculation and experimental measurement, the absorbed dose distributions in two heterogeneous phantoms representing one-year- and five-year-old children from typical radiographic examinations for those ages. Theoretical work included the modification of an existing internal ...

deposited by radiation per unit mass of material. It is measured in units of rad (radiation absorbed dose) or in the international unit of Grays (1 Gray = 1 ...

... per disintegration, it is a simple matter to calculate the energy absorbed per gram of tissue. Descriptors : *TISSUES(BIOLOGY), *IRRADIATION ...

Apr 21, 2011 ... This table shows the measured absorbed doses from the 7LiF mono crystals (TLDs) obtained at the same Dloc location in the Shuttle. ...

Chemical and physical radiation dosimetry methods, used for the measurement of absorbed dose mainly during the practical use of ionizing radiation, are discussed with respect to their characteristics and fields of application.

... purposes it is desirable to measure the absorbed dose in the ... both requirements a miniature three-terminal tissue-equivalent ionization chamber ...

Laboratory measurements have demonstrated that it is possible to simultaneously measure absorbed dose and dose equivalent using a single tissue equivalent proportional counter. Small, pocket sized instruments are being developed to determine dose equivalent as the worker is ...

If a large radioactive cloud is produced, sampling may require that an airplane traverse the cloud. A method to predict the absorbed dose to the aircrew from penetrating the radioactive cloud is needed. Dose rates throughout spherically symmetric Gaussian clouds of various sizes, and the absorbed ...

For reasons of phantom material reproducibility, the absorbed dose protocols of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) (TG-51) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (TRS-398) have made the use of liquid water as a phantom material for reference dosimetry mandatory. In this work we provide a formal framework for the ...

The absorbed dose in the liver, spleen and bone marrow of Thorotrast patients was estimated for 71 autopsy cases. 232Th amounts in tissues were determined from measurements of 228Ac gamma-rays and the activity ratio of 228Ac to 232Th. In calculating the absorbed dose, Kaul's data were used as ...

This study assesses the outdoor gamma absorbed dose levels in air of the Adana's region. The measurements were taken from 130 different sample points in this area by Eberline Smart Portable (ESP-2) with SPA-6 plastic scintillation detector. The outdoor gamma absorbed dose rates order from 40 to ...

Radiation dose rates from three thulium-170 oxide sources (20.7, 10.0 and 5.0 thermal watts) were measured through three thicknesses (1/4, 1/2 and 1 inch) of absorber by thermoluminescent dosimetry techniques. Absorber materials used were aluminium, stainless steel, lead, tungsten and depleted uranium. Resultant ...

Studies were performed for thc determination of radiation doses absorbed in matter, for electron beams from Van-de-Graaff-type accelerators. For absolute measurements both depth dose'' and calorimetric methods were used, and for secondary or routine dose ...

Use was made of the ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter to measure the absorbed integral radiation dose in a large phantom. The purpose of the measurement was to simulate a therapeutic irradiation and confirm the magnitude of a value which was calculated from the irradiation parameters of the therapy ...

The preparation and use of a ceric sulfate dosimeter for accurate measurement of the absorbed dose in water irradiated with x or ..gamma.. rays or high-energy electrons are described. The ionizing radiation reduces the ceric to cerous ions, and the ceric ion concentration is measured spectrophotometrically. The ...

The Fricke dosimetry is used for accurate measurement of the absorbed dose in water irradiated with x- or gamma rays or high-energy electrons. The method is based on the process of oxidation of ferrous to ferric ions by ionizing radiation and can be used accurately for absorbed dose ...

There is a growing need to reliably measure absorbed dose in low temperature samples, especially in the pharmaceutical and tissue banking industries. All dosimetry systems commonly used in the irradiation industry are temperature sensitive. Radiation of low temperature samples, such as those packaged with dry ice, must therefore take ...

Ceric sulfate dosimetry is used for accurate measurement of the absorbed dose in water irradiated with x- or gamma-rays or high-energy electrons. It is based on the process of reduction of ceric to cerous ions by ionizing radiation. The method is most accurate for absorbed doses in the range ...

The standard method outlines a procedure for calculating the absorbed dose in a material given the material composition, the neutron fluence, and threshold-foil data related to the neutron spectrum. The method is applicable to fast-pulsed reactors of the Godiva or TRIGA type, where a substantial fraction of the neutron fluence exceeds epithermal energies ...

Whole body retention measurements were performed in volunteers after i.v. injection of 99mTc-HM-PAO (Ceretec). The organ accumulation was measured in mice and data were transferred to standard man according to ICRP. Absorbed dose calculations were made with these data by using the concept of ...

Surface absorbed dose rates from different hemispheric volumes of /sup 133/Xe have been measured directly with an extrapolation chamber. The results indicate that a linear relationship exists between the radius of the cloud volume and the surface absorbed dose rate for radii between 0 and 23 ...

The dose and absorbed energy during normal diagnostic X-ray of various sections of the vertebral column were determined with LiF-dosemeters in a phantom. The paper describes a method to be used to determine integral doses from the dose measurements. The e...

doses due to external radiation have been extensively applied after exposures due to the production values of the absorbed dose rate in the quartz crystallites due to the radionuclides inside the brick�148146 #12;measure the absorbed dose in the bricks agreed within 15%. ...

X-ray induced changes in rat and human bone and bone marrow vasculature and in rat brain vasculature were measured as a function of time after irradiation and absorbed dose. The absorbed dose in the organ varied from 5 to 25 Gy for single dose irradiation...

Absorbed dose in a liquid substitute for bone has been compared with absorbed dose in water for 9-, 12-, and 15-MeV electron beams using ionization chamber measurements. The ionization readings were converted to dose using collisional mass stopping power ratios. The ...

Chemical dosimeters are used widely for accurate measurement of large radiation doses due to external beam irradiation from radioisotope sources and from particle accelerators. Their use for measurement of absorbed doses from radioactive solutions mixed in the dosimeter solution was reported as ...

The absorbed radiation dose from internal emitters has been and will remain a pivotal factor in assessing risk and therapeutic utility in selecting radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and treatment. Although direct measurements of absorbed dose and dose distributions in vivo ...

This paper uses biophysical-microdosimetric quantities, measured in a physical surrogate or phantom cell, to explain the shape of absorbed dose-quantal cell response curves, the role of radiation quality and the influence of dose rate. Responses expected ...

Patient irradiation in diagnostic radiology was estimated from measurements of absorbed doses in different organs, assessment of the energy imparted and retrospective calculations based on literature data. Possible late biological effects, with special as...

Absorbed dose and dose equivalent measurements on board the MIR station used a microdosimetric system CIRCE made in France. The system includes the tissue equivalent proportional counter and electronic unit based on a microprocessor. Metrological characte...

The apparatus comprises an ionization chamber, an electrometer tube whose control grid is connected with the central electrode of the ionization chamber, and an electromagnet that responds automatically after a predetermined dose is absorbed (this dose resulting in a corresponding control grid voltage). A description of the ...

In estimating the radiation dose to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) it has been assumed generally that the measured activity in the tract, i.e., in the walls, is present in the contents. This assumption has been necessary because absorbed fractions for p...

The amount of energy deposited by the radiation in an absorber system, in radiation dose units was established, the Reactor Triga Mark III core of the Mexican Nuclear Center was used as radiation source. The calorimetric method was used, which gives us a ...

A spherical proportional detector was developed and used in a study of the pulse-height spectra and resultant dose distributions for monoenergetic neutrons as a function of neutron energy and sample size. Results of the measurements are presented graphically and discussed. (C.H.)

The Phantom Torso Experiment (PTE) was flown on the International Space Station (ISS) during Increment 2 (April-August 2001). The experiment was located in the US Lab module Human Research Facility (HRF) rack. The objective of the passive dosimetry portion of the experiment was to measure spatial distributions of absorbed dose in the ...

The dosimetric properties of polyacrylamide (PAM) were investigated. It was found that this dosimeter is energyindependent from 280 kvp to 35 Mev; is dose-rate-independent between 6 and 150 rads/min; and has a sensitivity of 6 per cent decrease in viscosity per 100 rads. It is antici-pated that this dosimeter will be a valuable supplement to those presently being ...

Direct measurements of energy locally absorbed in irradiated materials can be made with adiabatic calorimeters of suitable design. Design criteria imposed by requirements of accuracy include limitations on size and complexity. Small calorimeters of simple design with precision better than 1% at dose rates above 1 rad/sec were ...

Experimental technique for the measurement of linear energy transfer (LET) distribution and absorbed dose from the secondary particles of space radiation is considered. High sensitive nuclear emulsion detector is used for identification of nuclear fragments produced in nuclear interactions and recoil protons from elastic (n,p) ...

Accurate estimate of absorbed dose to target tumors and normal tissues in the body is an important requirement for establishing fundamental dose-response relationships for radioimmunotherapy. Two major obstacles have been the difficulty in obtaining an accurate patient-specific 3-D activity map in-vivo and calculating the resulting ...

A method for calibrating an ion chamber in terms of absorbed dose is given which avoids the need for corrections for attenuation. The absorbed dose is measured using a carbon calorimeter, a carbon chamber, and a BaldwinFarmer chamber. The method was used with x-ray beams at 4 to 20 Mv ...

The development of a calorimetric technique for the determination of the intensity of radiation has been previously reported. This method has been further developed and applied to the measurement of locally absorbed dose. Its use for the determination of the absorbed dose produced in ...

A monoenergetic neutron beam simulation study is carried out to determine the optimal neutron energy range for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using radiation synovectomy. The goal of the treatment is the ablation of diseased synovial membranes in joints, such as knees and fingers. This study focuses on human knee joints. Two figures-of-merit are used to measure the neutron ...

A monoenergetic neutron beam simulation study was carried out to determine the optimal neutron energy range for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using radiation synovectomy. The goal of the treatment is the ablation of diseased synovial membranes in joints such as knees and fingers. This study focuses on human knee joints. Two figures of merit are used to measure the neutron ...

The absorbed radiation dose to human organs has been estimated, following intravenous administration of (67)Ga-labelled adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) using distribution data from injected normal rats. Four rats were sacrificed at exact time intervals and the percentage of injected dose per gram of each organ was ...

Absorbed dose and dose equivalent conversion coefficients are routinely used in personnel dosimetry programs. These conversion coefficients can be applied to particle fluences or to measured air kerma values to determine appropriate operational monitoring quantities such as the ambient dose ...

The aim of this work was to estimate absorbed doses received by a victim of the radiation accident with a 60Co source in Henan province, China. With a Monte Carlo stochastic simulation method, an estimation method for doses to the radiation accident victim was made. It utilised a mathematical model of adult man (MIRD) and a relative ...