... Descriptors : *COATINGS, ABSORBERS(MATERIALS), SOLAR RADIATION, THIN FILMS, METAL FILMS, DIELECTRIC FILMS, ALUMINATES ...
DTIC Science & Technology
The objective of the project is to develop a method for the solar assisted oxidation of oil slicks. A semiconducting photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, is used. Upon absorbing a photon, an electron-hole pair is generated in the TiO(sub 2) microcrystal. The ...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
... Accession Number : ADD419469. Title : Silicon Films as Selective Absorbers for Solar Energy Conversion,. Corporate Author : ...
... Title : SILICON FILMS AS SELECTIVE ABSORBERS FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION. Descriptive Note : Journal article,. ...
Surface polymerization by ion-assisted deposition (SPIAD), the simultaneous dosing of hyperthermal ions while depositing an organic oligomer, was used to deposit titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) thin films with 50 and 100 eV acetylene ions. The properties of the SPIAD TiOPc thin films are compared with films of the ...
Energy Citations Database
We have characterized the absorbing film assisted transfer of Trichoderma longibrachiatum conidia using a synchronized laser for illumination. The transfer laser used was a KrF excimer laser (? = 248 nm, FWHM = 30 ns) and the ejected material was illuminated parallel to the quartz plate by a nitrogen laser pumped Coumarine 153 dye ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Page 1. THE DISAM JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ASSISTANCE MANAGEMENT Since absorbing the Office ...
Melanins constitute a very important class of organic pigments, recently emerging as a potential material for a new generation of bioinspired biocompatible electrically active devices. In this paper, we report about the deposition of synthetic melanin films starting from aqueous suspensions by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). In ...
... 20 If the incoming electromagnetic wave is represented by ... metallic resonant absorber elements leading to an ... A tunable Continuous Wave (CW) and ...
The lithography challenges posed by the 22 nm node continue to place stringent requirements on photomasks. The dimensions of the mask features continue to shrink more deeply into the sub-wavelength scale. In this regime residual mask electromagnetic field (EMF) effects due to mask topography can degrade the imaging performance of critical mask patterns by degrading the common lithography process ...
A design-of-experiments statistical approach was taken to determine the optimum ion gun operating parameters for the deposition of moisture-stable, low-absorbing hafnium oxide films by ion-assisted electron-beam evaporation. Factors identified as affecting the quality of hafnia films were chamber pressure, ...
PubMed
Inert and reactive gas ion beams have been used in the preparation of high-quality optical thin films for use as dielectric coatings on optical components, solar selective absorbers, and protective films on Ag and Al mirrors. Films are deposited by electron-beam evaporation and simultaneous irradiation of the ...
... absorbance. Of the solvents polythiophene was exposed to, only isopropyl alcohol caused no film deformation. A reactive ...
Tungsten disulfide WS2 is a layer-type semi-conductor with an energy band gap and an absorption coefficient making it suitable as an absorber for thin film solar cells. In the article [1] WS2-x films were pre-pared by reactive magnetron sputtering from a metallic tungsten target in Ar-H2S atmospheres.The cover figure shows in situ ...
Ca0.997Pr0.002TiO3 (CPTO) thin films that show strong red luminescence were successfully prepared by means of an excimer laser assisted metal organic deposition (ELAMOD) process with a KrF laser at a fluence of 100 mJ/cm2, a pulse duration of 26 ns, and a repetition rate of 20 Hz at 100�C in air. The CPTO films grew on the silica, ...
The combination of in situ spectrophotometry during film deposition and ex situ spectrophotometry allows insight into the depth distribution of optical losses in plasma ion assisted deposition coatings. An adapted optical characterization strategy for absorbing coatings using only in situ transmittance data has been developed and is ...
In this work we discuss the effect of ion bombardment on the structural, optical and electrical properties of TiOx-like films deposited by a novel ion-assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. In such a technique an electrical biased substrate is positioned in a region of low ion density, outside the gap between the electrodes used to ...
... MINUTE INVESTIGATION OF ABSORBED DOSES IN COMPLEX ... DESCRIBED OF SUCH A DETERMINATION. ... CASE OF DOSE DISTRIBUTION AT ...
... Descriptors : *LAYERS, *INFRARED DETECTORS, *ABSORPTION, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, THIN FILMS ...
in the light path of the spectrophotometer. SDS (99%, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was used as received. Absorbance. Application of a UV-vis spectrophotometer for measurement of solution absorbance (top) and soap film thickness reflected transmitted light (I2 t) is detectable by a sensitive absorbance spectrophotometer, ...
E-print Network
The threshold values of total absorbed dose for causing changes in tensile properties of a polyetherimide film and the limitations of the absorbed dose rate for accelerated-exposure evaluation of the effects of electron radiation in geosynchronous orbit w...
An overview of pulsed laser-assisted methods for nanofabrication, which are currently developed in our Institute (LP3), is presented. The methods compass a variety of possibilities for material nanostructuring offered by laser�matter interactions and imply either the nanostructuring of the laser-illuminated surface itself, as in cases of direct laser ablation or laser ...
PubMed Central
... the best sensitivity for the detection of losses in a low absorbing film deposited on a transparent substrate. The nineteen TiO2 films produced by six ...
In the patent application thin film absorber stacks consisting of an absorptive film of titanium, zirconium or hafnium suboxide, subcarbide or subnitride superposed on a reflective film of silver, aluminum or copper display spectrally selective characteri...
We present an infrared (IR) optical absorbance study of hydrogen incorporation in nanocrystalline diamond films. The thick nanocrystalline diamond films were synthesized by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition and a high growth rate about 3.0 {mu}m/h was achieved. The morphology, phase quality, and ...
it has an excellent match with the solar spectrum. Since these are direct bangap semiconductors with high absorption coefficient, very thin absorber layer are needed to absorb...
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
... ADP012818 TITLE: Anisotropic Polarization of Emitted and Absorbed Light in ZnSe Based Laser Structures and Thin ZnSe Films ...
Cermet MgO/Au films prepared by rf sputtering are found to be highly absorbing in the solar spectrum and highly transparent in the infrared. Excellent selective absorbers, with solar absorptivity of over 0.9 and infrared emissivity of less than 0.1, have been produced by depositing such films on metal substrates. ...
Results of an investigation (with application to soda production) of the hydrodynamics and heat and mass exchange in a film absorber used in the absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide are discussed. Relations are obtained between the difference of pressures and coefficients of heat and mass transfer in dependence on gas velocity and irrigation density. ...
We examine the effects of three laser direct-write (LDW) printing techniques on 9-anthracenemethanol and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) organic luminophores in order to link the differences in transfer mechanism to the resulting material properties. Degradation can occur where laser light and elevated temperatures are transferred to the molecules, such as those printed via ...
A thin falling film is well suited to simultaneous heat and mass transfer because of the small thermal resistance through the film and because of the large contact surface achievable at low flow rates. The film enters as a smooth laminar flow and quickly ...
The report summarizes the research on the susceptibility of a thermally co-evaporated CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) thin-film absorber to humidity and its consequence on composition, morphology, electrical and electronic properties, and device efficiency.
DOE Information Bridge
This paper describes a model of the absorption process in a falling film ammonia-water absorber. The model consists of two ordinary, first-order differential equations with suitable inlet and interface conditions. The model was validated by comparing its ...
In highly dispersive, strongly absorbing thin-film waveguides or in complicated waveguiding structures the numerical solution of the relevant dispersion relations can be time-consuming. In a recent article the authors claimed that Davidenko's method might...
Thin-film photovoltaic cells offer the promise of high specific power arrays for space applications. Two thin-film photovoltaics technologies are presently ...
NASA Website
May 31, 2011 ... The use of a polycrystalline chalcopyrite absorber layer for thin film solar cells is considered as the next generation photovoltaic devices ...
chalcopyrite absorber layer for thin film solar cells is considered as the next generation ..... order since chalcopyrite has the zinc-blend structure ...
The use of a polycrystalline chalcopyrite absorber layer for thin film solar cells is considered as the next generation photovoltaic devices. ...
Thin film absorber stacks consisting of an absorptive film of titanium, zirconium or hafnium suboxide, subcarbide or subnitride superposed on a reflective film of silver, aluminum or copper display spectrally selective characteristics. The absorptive film may be prepared by reactively ...
It is shown that the reflecting power of the air-film interface can be determined from the envelopes of the extremes of interference fringes in the reflection spectrum of the absorbing film. From these data, using the oblique incidence and measurements in two polarizations, the optical constants of the film can be ...
... EARLIER. Now several new factors have been discovered that influence the water absorptive capacity of these hydrogel films. ...
... Title : Solar Collectors,. ... Tedlar 20 and Halar 500) with strong absorption in the UV and two commercial films containing UV absorbers (Tedlar UT ...
Aromatic/heterocyclic polymers /Pyrrones/ have the ability to absorb large quantities of photolytic,
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A thin absorbing film is bonded onto at least certain surfaces of a solid state laser gain medium. An absorbing metal-dielectric multilayer film is optimized for a broad range of incidence angles, and is resistant to the corrosive/erosive effects of a coolant such as water, used in the forced convection cooling of ...
DOEpatents
... INFRARED ABSORBING AIR-BRIDGE STRUCTURES IN THE NEXT GENERATION OF FERROELECTRIC UNCOOLED INFRARED DETECTORS. ...
... The absorption characteristics of the stack were simulated using COMSOL finite element modeling and theoretical analysis performed using ...
Jul 22, 2002 ... microwave absorbing materials, and excited to cause selec- tive heating in the skin depth of the films. This causes ...
In this paper, we describe new film structures based on porous silica and nanosized carbon for selective solar absorbers application. The films show high absorbance in the solar-spectral region and low emittance in the IR region. The best results for 1000 nm thick films of nanocomposite silica ...
The film formation of an acrylate latex with a glass-transition temperature of 38 �C has been achieved through the use of near-infrared (NIR) radiative heating. A hard, crack-free coating was obtained without the addition of plasticizers. Sintering of acrylate particles was confirmed through measurements using atomic force microscopy. The addition of an ...
The recent push towards the development of polymer nanocomposites (PNC) in thin film form has been met with a number of technological challenges. Attaining a uniform dispersion of nanoscale elements within a polymer matrix has proven difficult, as the tendency for nanoparticles to aggregate often results in films possessing grossly anisotropic properties. ...
This invention pertains to energy absorbers for solar collectors, and more particularly to high performance thin film absorbers. The solar collectors comprising the absorber of this invention overcome several problems seen in current systems, such as excessive hardware, high cost and unreliability. In the preferred ...
We attempted silicon nitridation that continuously deposits silicon with monosilane (SiH4) and nitrides the silicon with ammonia (NH3) at a low temperature using a vacuum ultraviolet excimer lamp. We used an argon excimer lamp (?=126 nm, h ?=9.8 eV) so that SiH4 and NH3 can absorb photons and dissociate. Nitrogen exists only near the film surface at a low ...
One of the important issues involved while taking a process from lab environment to pilot plant scale is the yield of the process. Mechanical scribing that is used for making integral interconnects in CIGSeS thin film solar cells can be used to test the mechanical properties of the absorber film. Hence, it is necessary that the process ...
EUV mask blanks are fabricated by depositing a reflective Mo/Si multilayer film onto super-polished substrates. Small defects in this thin film coating can significantly alter the reflected field and introduce defects in the printed image. Ideally one would want to produce defect-free mask blanks; however, this may be very difficult to achieve in practice. ...
A fine grain diamond film has been developed by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition.
A method of preparing diamond thin films with improved field emission properties is disclosed. The method includes preparing a diamond thin film on a substrate, such as Mo, W, Si and Ni. An atmosphere of hydrogen (molecular or atomic) can be provided above the already deposited film to form absorbed hydrogen to ...
A method of preparing diamond thin films with improved field emission properties. The method includes preparing a diamond thin film on a substrate, such as Mo, W, Si and Ni. An atmosphere of hydrogen (molecular or atomic) can be provided above the already deposited film to form absorbed hydrogen to reduce the work ...
Polyaniline (PAni) has important electro-conductive properties, high absorbance in microwave range and it is also frequently used in gas sensors because of its capability to convert chemical interactions into electrical signals. The methods of obtaining polyaniline in the form of thin films and/or nanostructures are complicated and request special physical ...
Laser ablation of (GeTe)(85)Sn(15) thin films as a function of atmospheric exposure was monitored in real time by transient reflectivity. The observed optical changes were correlated with microstructural analysis. Among the key findings were that the presence of water in the atmosphere during laser irradiation of a thin-film structure reduced the incident ...
The effects of ion-assisted deposition on the properties of thorium fluoride films deposited at ambient temperature are examined. (AIP)
... Accession Number : ADD018762. Title : Method of Producing a Film Coating by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition. ...
Mechanical Properties of the Carbonaceous Films Formed by Focused Ion-beam-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Copper indium disulfide thin films were deposited via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition using single source precursors. ...
... on experiments associated with microwave reflection, absorption ... enough density to reflect or absorb microwaves. ... was purchased to assist in the ...
Angles of incidence for s- and p-polarized light have been computed and confirmed experimentally for which monochromatic interference in transparent thin films on absorbing substrates results in optimum interference fringe contrast (visibility=1). Under these angles of incidence and with polarized light, film thickness determinations ...
We propose an analytical method for determining the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of a weakly absorbing thin film. This method is based on measurements of the reflectance extreme and corresponding transmittance of the film at normal incidence. Simulations of the theoretical accuracy of the method are given. The effect ...
A solar-assisted cooling system is very attractive because the available solar energy and the required cooling load are generally in phase. Of all the solar-assisted cooling methods developed to date, the absorption cooling system and the desiccant dehumidification/evaporative cooling system are considered most suitable for solar or other low-grade thermal ...
A thin film planar waveguide is studied for application as a chemical sensor for liquid-phase absorbance measurements. The waveguide is comprised of a thin film of tantalum pentoxide deposited on a glass substrate with a pair of diffraction gratings etched into the substrate surface. The buried grating couplers allow the launch and ...
This paper describes a model of the absorption process in a falling film ammonia-water absorber. The model consists of two ordinary, first-order differential equations with suitable inlet and interface conditions. The model was validated by comparing its predictions to experimental data. The objective of the work was to define strategies to enhance the ...
Technical assistance was provided High Level Waste Engineering in the investigation and prevention of filming during decontamination by mopping. After mopping operations in a Tank Farm application, a film of the cleaning agent sometimes remained on the su...
Thin film deposition techniques have made and are making a significant contribution to solar energy utilization. Commercial applications of thin films include photothermal selective absorbers formed by electroplating, chemical conversion and vacuum proces...
The physical properties of thin films can be illuminated through the internal dissipation of acoustical energy. The gauge system used by Marx makes a reasonable instrument for observing the energy absorbing characteristics of thin metal films deposited on...
The objective of this investigation was to examine the use of plastic films as vent blowout patches for airbags which are being considered as an impact energy absorber for airdrop cargos. Bursting air pressures of five plastic films were measured in a pne...
Cermet MgO/Au films prepared by rf sputtering are found to be highly absorbing in the solar spectrum and highly transparent in the infrared. Excellent selective absorbers, with solar absorptivity of over 0.9 and infrared emissivity of less than 0.1, have ...
Flexural waves in beams and plates slow down if their thickness decreases. Such property was used in the past for establishing the theory of acoustic black holes (ABH). The aim of the present paper is to establish reliable numerical and experimental approaches for designing, modelling and manufacturing an effective passive vibration damper using the ABH effect. The effectiveness of such vibration ...
When microwave absorbers are put in a waveguide, a layer of resistive coating can change the distribution of the E-M fields and affect the attenuation of the signal within the microwave absorbers. In order to study such effect, microwave absorbers (TT2-111) were coated with titanium thin film. This report is a ...
The invention pertains to a flat plate collector that employs high performance thin films. The solar collector of this invention overcomes several problems in this field, such as excessive hardware, cost and reliability, and other prior art drawbacks outlined in the specification. In the preferred form, the apparatus features a substantially rigid planar frame. A thin ...
The field of this invention is solar collectors, and more particularly, the invention pertains to a flat plate collector that employs high performance thin films. The solar collector of this invention overcomes several problems in this field, such as excessive hardware, cost and reliability, and other prior art drawbacks outlined in the specification. In the preferred form, ...
The photon energies which maximize the signal to noise ratio per unit absorbed dose (optimal photon energies) have been calculated for detection of soft tissue masses within adipose tissue 3-- 15 cm thick. The detection task simulates mammography in women with fatty breasts. Ideal, plain film and calcium tungstate screen--film systems ...
The photon energies which maximize the signal to noise ratio per unit absorbed dose (optimal photon energies) have been calculated for detection of soft tissue masses within adipose tissue 3--15 cm thick. The detection task simulates mammography in women with fatty breasts. Ideal, plain film and calcium tungstate screen-film systems ...
FeZrN thin films with in-plane anisotropy were deposited on both rigid substrate (Si) and flexible substrate (Kapton) by magnetron sputtering. The as-prepared films had the microstructure of nanocrystallites with a small amount of intergranular amorphous phase. The thickness dependent coercivity showed different behaviors for flexible and rigid ...
The columnar microstructure of most thermally evaporated thin films detrimentally affects many of their properties through a reduction in packing density. In this work, we have investigated ion-assisted deposition as a means of disrupting this columnar growth for a number of coating materials. A Kaufman hot-cathode ion source bombarded thermally evaporated ...
The design, fabrication, performance, cost, and marketing of flat plate solar collectors using plastic absorbers and glazings are described. Manufacturing cost breakdowns are given for single-glazed and double-glazed collectors. (WHK)
Infrared absorbing, air-bridge, structures are anticipated to be used in the next generation of ferroelectric uncooled infrared detectors. These structures will consist of resonant cavities with an absorbing bridge element, which contains the ferroelectri...
Infrared absorbing air-bridge structures are anticipated to be used in the next generation of ferroelectric uncooled infrared detectors. These structures will consist of resonant cavities with an absorbing bridge element, which contains the ferroelectric ...
Absorber is an important component in vapor absorption refrigeration system and its performance has greater influence in overall efficiency of absorption machines. Falling film heat and mass transfer in an absorber is greatly influenced by fluid properties, geometry of heat exchanger and its operating parameters. This paper presents on ...
In a solar central receiver system Direct Absorption Receiver (DAR), the heat absorbing fluid (a blackened molten nitrate salt) flows in a thin film down a vertical panel (rather than through tubes as in conventional receiver designs) and absorbs the conc...
The aim of this work is the development of a method for the elaboration of selective solar absorbers. The treatment of stainless steels by anodic oxidation in a solution of sulfuric acid and sulfides is examined for a chemical transformation of the surfac...
Polycrystalline CuInS2 films were deposited by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor ... SSPs in aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) reactors has ...
In a Solar Central Internal Film Receiver, the heat absorbing fluid (a molten nitrate salt) flows in a thin film down over the nonilluminated side of an absorber panel. Since the molten salt working fluid is not contained in complicated tube manifolds, th...
The feasibility of making the absorber and evaporator of a small lithium-bromide absorption chiller from thin plastic films was studied. Tests were performed to measure (1) pressure limitations for a plastic thin-film heat exchanger, (2) flow pressure-dro...
(PbSe)100?xCdx thin films of thickness 3000 � with variable concentrations of Cd (x=5, 10, 15 and 20) were prepared by thermal evaporation on glass substrates at room temperature at a base pressure of 10?6 Torr. The structural, optical and electrical properties of these films were studied. X-ray diffraction patterns were used to determine the crystal ...
The absorbance of a thin film of photochromic material can be reversibly modified by exposure to two different wavelengths, {lambda}{sub 1} and {lambda}{sub 2}. When such a film is illuminated by both wavelengths simultaneously, and the longer wavelength {lambda}{sub 2} possesses a node in its intensity distribution, then the ...
The absorbance of a thin film of photochromic material can be reversibly modified by exposure to two different wavelengths, ?1 and ?2. When such a film is illuminated by both wavelengths simultaneously, and the longer wavelength ?2 possesses a node in its intensity distribution, then the absorbance of the layer can ...
For high-temperature photothermal solar energy conversion systems, silicon layers deposited on highly reflecting metals have been proposed to form absorber-reflector tandems that absorb large fractions of the incident solar energy while reducing the thermal emission from the system. In the present study, the optical constant below the fundamental ...
Excellent selective black absorbers for solar radiation, with solar absorptivity of over 0.9 and infrared emissivity of less than 0.1, have been obtained by using rf sputtering to coat metal substrates with a Cr2O3/Cr cermet film, then with a Cr2O3 antireflection coating. By determining the optical constants of Cr2O3/Cr films over the ...
Silver nanowires and silver-nanowire thin films have attracted much attention due to their extensive applications in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence (SEF). Thin films of silver nanowires within polyelectrolyte layers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were fabricated ...
Wheat gluten films of varying thicknesses formed at 30?C to 70?C were treated with cold sulfuric acid to produce sulfated gluten films. Chemical, thermal, thermal stability, and water uptake properties were characterized for neat and sulfated films. The sulfated gluten films were able ...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
We have investigated the response of radiochromic films (MD-55 and HD-810) exposed to protons of 0.6 MeV. Each film is bombarded with a proton beam in an angular geometry, in such a way that the absorbed dose is related to angle. Depending on the energy and the angular fluence, the irradiated volume is total or partial. We compare the ...
A method is described for absorbing hydrocarbons and, more particularly, for removing oil film from the surface of water. The oil film is removed from the surface of water by contacting it with a compost prepared by the aerobic digestion of organic waste material. The compost with the absorbed oil floats on the ...
Ion plating i s an ion assisted or glow discharge .... 8 with ion plated Au films. The effective or minimum film thickness for gold films was about 2000 to ...
The threshold values of total absorbed dose for causing changes in tensile properties of a polyetherimide film and the limitations of the absorbed dose rate for accelerated-exposure evaluation of the effects of electron radiation in geosynchronous orbit were studied. Total absorbed doses from 1 kGy to 100 MGy and ...
The effects of temperature on real time changes in optical density (DeltaOD) of GAFCHROMIC EBT film were investigated. The spectral peak of maximum change in absorbance (lambdamax) was shown to downshift linearly when the temperature of the film was increased from 22 to 38 degrees C. The DeltaOD values were also shown to decrease ...
The effects of temperature on real time changes in optical density (?OD) of GAFCHROMIC� EBT film were investigated. The spectral peak of maximum change in absorbance (?max) was shown to downshift linearly when the temperature of the film was increased from 22 to 38 �C. The ?OD values ...
... Evidence is presented which indicates that the crack propagation is probably not due to traces of water absorbed in the oxide film at the crack tip or ...
Apr 12, 2002 ... Casimir Effect Found in Many Systems ... The critical Casimir effect has been observed more recently in thin films of pure helium absorbed ...
... Table 3-3 gives the results for both selective surface and black-painted absorber plates ... Black-Painted Selective Surface ...
... transparent plastic honeycomb for use in a flat-plate solar collector system. ... in which the honeycomb was raised above the absorber plate surface. ...
Mar 18, 2004 ... Infrared film 'sees' the object because the Sun (or some other light source) shines infrared light on it and it is reflected or absorbed by ...
... rusted and were covered with a loosely adherent film of flaky red rust. ... bottom of the shock absorbers were either empty or packed with coral sand it ...
