... TITLE: Structure Optimization of 21,23-Core-Modified Porphyrins Absorbing Long- Wavelength Light as Potential Photosensitizers Against Breast ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Long-wavelength absorbing labels that change their color and fluorescence upon conjugation to proteins and other biomolecules provide two critical advantages over the wealth of conventional amine-reactive labels. At first, the progress of the labeling reaction can be monitored continuously either visually or by spectrometry without prior purification. ...
PubMed
The decay kinetics of the photo-induced absorbance changes in red and green algae are very sensitive to the wavelength of the actinic 11ght. A four to twofold increase in half-decay time is noted in going from short wavelength (550-650 mu) to long wavelength (> 700 mu) excitation. The slow decay ratios, produced by ...
Energy Citations Database
In the first year we made eighteen new 21 23-core modified porphydns determined their photophysical properbes and evaluated the biological properties of them. In the second year the research had been focused on: (1) analyzing quantitative structure-activi...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Solar Collectors Fundamentals of heat transfer Heat can be transferred by: 1. conduction 2 = for visible light and 0 for long wavelengths would be a good absorber. #12;Materials for solar collectors. When 11 1 P a P a aP P P Pa P a a T T T T R A F A A - + + = -- + + (5.41) Solar Collector
E-print Network
The atmospheric chemistry and transport of nitrogen oxides and peroxyacetyl nitrate are explained. Although most of the emissions of reactive nitrogen occur as nitric oxide, it is typically converted to nitrogen dioxide in minutes by reaction with ozone. Nitrogen dioxide in turn absorbs ultraviolet light at relatively long ...
BACKGROUND/AIMS�Educational near work has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of juvenile progressive myopia. A study was undertaken to determine whether differences in focal length resulting from longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye can be exploited to reduce the impact of near work on refractive development.?METHODS�Infrared photorefraction was used to ...
PubMed Central
... Descriptors : *OPTICAL IMAGES, *REFRACTION, *METALLOIDS, *DIELECTRICS, LIGHT, LONG WAVELENGTHS, DIFFRACTION, SHORT ...
... Furthermore, effort on the development of techniques for fabricating short flexible light pipes was continued and several successful samples have ...
The role of back reflectors in enhancing the absorption of weakly absorbing, long-wavelength light has been investigated as applied to amorphous silicon alloy solar cells. The reflectance and scattering properties of various types of back reflectors have been studied. The performance of {ital p}-{ital i}-{ital n} amorphous silicon ...
This final report summarizes all SpectraWatt's progress in achieving a boost in solar cell efficiency using an optical downshifter. Spectrawatt's downshifting technology is based on a nanostructured material system which absorbs high energy (short wavelength) light and reemits it at a lower energy (long ...
The applicability of rhesus behavioral data as an animal model to derive laser safety standards are discussed. While a high degree of morphological and functional similarity exist between the rhesus and human, evidence is presented that the long wavelength sensitivity of rhesus in the fovea is closer to that of the protanomalous observer than the normal ...
The nonuniform heating in flashlamp pumped dye lasers forms refractive index gradients in the dye solution. These gradients distort the wavefront of the laser beam resulting in limited output power, limited pulse repetition rate, and limited attainable linewidth. The theorectical bases for using uv absorbers and wavelength shifters to eliminate light of ...
... 2. Higher-Order Modes ... effect, electrons are ejected as long as the photon energy is ... the electrons to radiate photons and amplify the light already in ...
Chromatic photoacclimation and photosynthesis were examined in two strains of Acaryochloris marina (MBIC11017 and CCMEE5410) and in Synechococcus PCC7942. Acaryochloris contains Chl d, which has an absorption peak at ca 710 nm in vivo. Cultures were grown in one of the three wavelengths (525 nm, 625 nm and 720 nm) of light from narrow-band photodiodes to determine the effects ...
In this paper we present results on the use of a multilayered a-SiC:H heterostructure as a wavelength-division demultiplexing device for the visible light spectrum. The proposed device is composed of two stacked p-i-n photodiodes with intrinsic absorber regions adjusted to short and long wavelength absorption and ...
The long wavelength of a CO2 laser produces significant speckle pattern effects with practical sized beams and detectors where a diffuser is used to scatter the light on the detector. We find the percentage standard deviation of the signal from shot to shot to be described typically by 36/N where N is the Fresnel number defined by the ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The optical behavior of thin film solar cells is calculated using a computer simulation study. The application of this method to Schottky-barrier a-Si:H solar cells with highly reflective back contacts shows that multiple reflections are strong for long wavelength light and can be used to improve the efficiency of the cells. Relative ...
According to Lambert's law, a novel structure of photodetectors, namely photodetectors in silicon-on-insulator, is proposed. By choosing a certain thickness value for the SOI layer, the photodetector can absorb blue/violet light effectively and affect the responsivity of the long wavelength in the visible and ...
Data from the Copernicus and IUE satellites, among others, have expanded the understanding of processes underway in the interstellar medium in the Milky Way. The medium is a mixture of bright nebulosities and dark clouds. Distributions have been estimated for dust clouds which absorb light from stars that could otherwise be viewed. The absorption spectra ...
Utilizing the Bohm-Pines formulation, we have calculated the optical absorbing power to second order of a high density electron gas in the long wavelength limit. The optical properties of the electron gas contained within a thin slab are shown to be marke...
We summarize our studies of the chemical, photophysical, optical limiting, and other nonlinear optical properties of long wavelength-absorbing azulene derivatives; namely, fluorinated azulenes, azulenic donor-acceptor molecules, and reverse saturable abor...
Silicon films with light-trapping structures are fabricated based on Bi2O3 nano-islands, which are obtained by annealing Bi nano-islands in the air at 400 �C. The topography exhibits the maximum altitude of over 600 nm and the root-mean-square roughness of 150 nm, with the lateral size of single island of about 1 ?m. Highly crystallized sputtered silicon, realized by ...
The many advantages of silicon such as low cost, abundancy and a level of maturity that allows for very large scale integration, means that silicon is the most commonly used semiconductor in microelectronics and optoelectronic devices. Silicon, however, has one disadvantage, this being that it is unable to absorb light greater than 1100 nm. The two primary ...
The marine environment has unique properties of light transmission, with an attenuation of long wavelengths within the first meters of the water column. Marine organisms have therefore evolved specific blue-light receptors such as aureochromes to absorb shorter-wavelength ...
Liposomes prepared from dipalmitoyl lecithin, cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate and containing a trapped spin label marker were exposed to long wavelength UV light in the presence of a series of phenothiazine tranquilizers. EPR spectroscopy was used to de...
A variety of classical theories of ultradense matter give phase and group velocities (c sub s) for long wavelength sound which exceed the speed of light in vacuum. This sound speed, which depends only upon the volume dependence of the total relativistic e...
Near infrared imaging using elastic light scattering and tissue fluorescence under long-wavelength laser excitation are explored for cancer detection. Various types of normal and malignant human tissue samples were utilized in this investigation.
DOE Information Bridge
Overview: This Science Object is the third of four Science Objects in the Nature of Light SciPack. It provides conceptual and real world understanding of how the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation affect the way they interact with different materials. We perceive differences of wavelength within the visible part of the spectrum as differences in color. Shorter ...
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Many insect species have darkly coloured eyes, but distinct colours or patterns are frequently featured. A number of exemplary cases of flies and butterflies are discussed to illustrate our present knowledge of the physical basis of eye colours, their functional background, and the implications for insect colour vision. The screening pigments in the pigment cells commonly determine the eye colour. ...
A double photoelectrochemical cell for converting solar energy directly to electricity is disclosed. The device in one embodiment has two semiconductors which are separated from each other by a polymer electrolyte. The two semiconductors have a different band gap; for example, one is n-type CdS and the other is p-type CdTe. The polymer electrolyte, for example, is a thin film polyethylene oxide ...
The emission characteristics of debris from laser-produced tin plasma were investigated for an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) light source. The ions and droplets emitted from tin plasma produced by a CO2 laser or an Nd: YAG laser were detected with Faraday cups and quartz crystal micro-balance (QCM) detectors, respectively. A higher ion kinetic energy and a lower ...
For ultrathin (~10 nm) nanocomposite films of plasmonic materials and semiconductors, the absorptance of normal incident light is typically limited to about 50%. However, through addition of a non-absorbing spacer with a highly reflective backside to such films, close to 100% absorptance can be achieved at a targeted wavelength. Here, a simple analytic ...
A double photoelectrochemical cell is disclosed for converting solar energy directly to electricity. The device in one embodiment has two semiconductors which are separated from each other by a dry solid polymer electrolyte. The two semiconductors have a different band gap; for example, one is n-type CdS and the other is p-type CdTe. The polymer electrolyte, for example, is a thin film ...
This article describes the first use of an anti-Stokes material, or up-converter, for the development of latent fingermarks on a range of non-porous surfaces. Anti-Stokes materials can absorb long-wavelength light and emit light at a shorter wavelength. This property is unusual in both natural and artificial ...
- no the birefringence. If the wavelength is changed continuously, for instance by using a spectrophotometer, the transmitted light will show maxima and minima. A typical recording of the spectrophotometer is shown in figure : In this expression k1 is the order of the first extremum at the long wavelength side of the spectrophotometer
We have investigated the use of a synchrotron as a source for infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. A synchrotron has an intrinsically high radiance, which is beneficial when photoacoustic spectroscopy is applied to small samples, especially at long wavelengths.
This study's purpose was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation treatments in the near-infrared range, delivered with light- emitting diode (LED) arrays, using cell culture and in vivo models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These r...
The article reports on the Corporation's development of laser-diode, light-emitting-diode, and photodiode products for optical communications in the 1.0 approximately 1.6 micrometer wavelength band. Laser diodes featuring the Corporation's proprietary bur...
and an intrinsic (or lightly doped) layer. An interfacial workfunction between these regions defines the long the workfunction versus doping concentration, and to describe the carrier photoemission processes layer, giving rise to an interfacial workfunction, which defines the long- wavelength IR cutoff
Electromagnetic Radiation � WAVELENGTH () - The distance between identical points on successive) #12;The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation � The Wavelength of Visible light is between 400 and 700 nanometers wavelength electromagnetic radiation is 7.65 x 104 m, what is the frequency of this Long wavelength radiation
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of a photosensitizer, which, when activated by light becomes toxic to the cancer cells. Lasers provide light at a specific wavelength required to activate the photosensitizer while the monochromaticity of the lasers at specific wavelengths results in maximum effectiveness of the photosensitizer during treatment. ...
The recent discovery that electromagnetic radiation can transmit super-efficiently through sub-wavelength holes in metal films and thin metal foils has implications for solar energy and energy efficiency technologies, especially thin metal films and metal particle arrays. The effect involves light induced surface plasmons coupling through the holes to form new states which can ...
At present there is a great interest in phosphors producing high light yield in long wavelength region (550 - 1050 nm). They have a lot of application in different fields of physics such as laser physics, medical physics and tomography, semiconductor physics and others. The main reason of that is the emission spectra of these materials ...
The eyes of butterflies are remarkable, because they are nearly as diverse as the colors of wings. Much of eye diversity can be traced to alterations in the number, spectral properties and spatial distribution of the visual pigments. Visual pigments are light-sensitive molecules composed of an opsin protein and a chromophore. Most butterflies have eyes that contain visual ...
... Accession Number : AD0412921. Title : LONG WAVELENGTH CHARGE OSCILLATIONS OF A CYLINDRICAL PLASMA. ...
... Title : An Experimental Determination of Long Wavelength Phonons and Anomalous Dielectric Behavior in Proustite and Pyrargyrite,. ...
The paper considers the concept of a solar thermal photovoltaic generator which, theoretically, could reach efficiencies of the order of 70%. The concept consists of a solar concentrator which focuses solar energy onto an absorber heated to incandescent temperatures (2500-3000 K). The radiation emitted from the incandescent source has a peak energy spectrum that closely ...
Nonpolar GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) show great promise. However, long wavelength emitters (?>500 nm) have reduced performance in comparison with violet and blue nonpolar emitters. We present results of transmission electron microscopy studies of long ...
Transient absorption difference spectra in the Qy absorption band from membranes of Heliobacillus mobilis were recorded at 140 and 20 K upon 200 fs laser pulse excitation at 590 nm. Excitation transfer from short wavelength absorbing forms of bacteriochlorophyll g to long wavelength bacteriochlorophyll g occurred within 1-2 ps at both ...
... Accession Number : AD0768743. Title : Transmissive Similarity and Scale Models in a Light Absorbing, Randomly Scattering Medium. ...
We report the synthesis of porphyrazines (pzs), or tetraazaporphyrins, of the form H2[pz(An;B4-n)], where A is [S(CH2)3COOR]2 (R = n-Pr,H) and B is a fused beta,beta'-diisopropyloxybenzo group, including the compounds with n = 4 (6), n = 3 (7) and the trans compound with n = 2 (8) (Scheme 1). The synthesis employs Linstead crossover macrocyclization of dimethyl ...
We tested the effect of anions on the absorbance spectrum of native visual pigments as measured by microspectrophotometry in individual cone outer segments of four species of fish and one species of amphibian. In all species tested, the long-wavelength-absorbing cone pigments were anion sensitive, and their lambda max could be tuned over a range of 55 nm ...
The theoretical and experimental performance of Hg{sub 1{minus}x}Cd{sub x}Te long wavelength infrared (LWIR) photoconductors fabricated on two-layer heterostructures grown by in situ MOCVD has been studied. It is shown that heterojunction blocking contact (HBC) photoconductors, consisting of wider bandgap Hg{sub 1{minus}x}Cd{sub x}Te on an LWIR ...
The role of surface in the interaction of intense CO/sub 2/ laser light with plasmas is reviewed. The collisionless absorption of long wavelength light is discussed. Specific comments on the role of ponderomotive forces and profile steepening on resonant absorption are made. It is shown that at intensities above ...
Chloroplasts of the CD3 wheat mutant were deficient primarily in chlorophyll of light harvesting pigment proteins (LHPP) 1 and 2 and CP1a. The reduced level of protein associated with chlorophyll of LHPP1 and LHPP2 and the reduced level of low molecular weight polypeptides between 23 and 29 kilodaltons confirmed that the CD3 mutant was deficient in the LHPP complex. The high ...
... 4801 ^BROWSE_IMAGE = 5825 ^IMAGE = 6081 > /*** GENERAL DATA ... INSTRUMENT_NAME = "LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED CAMERA" INSTRUMENT_ID = "LWIR" ... LIGHTING GEOMETRY FROM SECONDARY SOURCE ***/ LIGHT_SOURCE_NAME ..... G=K@AW9@C @SF6@? ...
NASA Website
We report research activities and technical progress on the development of high-efficiency long wavelength (lambda approximately 540nm) green light emitting diodes which covers the second year of the three-year program 'Novel approaches to high-efficiency...
The optical absorption in amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films has been increased by more than an order of magnitude, at long wavelengths, by deposition of the films on randomly textured substrates. This light trapping phenomenon reduces the effective optical absorption threshold for a film with a given thickness and bandgap and is ...
We develop a method for interpreting faint galaxy data which focuses on the integrated light radiated from the galaxy population as a whole. The emission history of the universe at ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared wavelengths is modeled from the present epoch to z ~ 4 by tracing the evolution with cosmic time of the galaxy luminosity density, as determined from several ...
The sensitivities of two species of sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus and Lepomis cyanellus) to the electric field (E-vector) of polarized light were assessed by compound action potential recordings from the optic nerve of live fish. Under white light and long wavelength adapting backgrounds, two cone mechanisms were found ...
The light absorption coefficient of silicon is high in the short wavelengths, but much lower in the long wavelengths (longer than 900 nm). Thus it is necessary to use thicker silicon wafers to manufacture high-sensitivity light sensors for long wavelength applications. ...
Sharks are apex predators, and their evolutionary success is in part due to an impressive array of sensory systems, including vision. The eyes of sharks are well developed and function over a wide range of light levels. However, whilst close relatives of the sharks-the rays and chimaeras-are known to have the potential for colour vision, an evolutionary trait thought to ...
Sharks are apex predators, and their evolutionary success is in part due to an impressive array of sensory systems, including vision. The eyes of sharks are well developed and function over a wide range of light levels. However, whilst close relatives of the sharks�the rays and chimaeras�are known to have the potential for colour vision, an evolutionary trait thought to ...
A system is disclosed in which the phase of coherent light impinging on an absorbing cell is rapidly changed to produce a short amplified pulse of light.
... Accession Number : ADA531409. Title : Surveying the Dynamic Radio Sky with the Long Wavelength Demonstrator Array. ...
... Accession Number : AD0724608. Title : Numerical Solution of Wave Equations for Long Wavelength Radio Waves. Descriptive ...
... Title : LONG WAVELENGTH OSCILLATIONS OF A QUANTUM PLASMA IN A UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD II. Descriptive Note : Technical rept. no. ...
... Title : LONG WAVELENGTH IR BACKGROUND DISCRIMINATION STUDY. Corporate Author : MARTIN CO BALTIMORE MD. ...
... (Author). Descriptors : *PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, *LONG WAVELENGTHS, *DISPERSION RELATIONS, *BETATRONS, HIGH POWER ...
... Title : IONOSPHERIC PROBING WITH LONG WAVELENGTH RADIO WAVES,. Corporate Author : RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF. ...
... Accession Number : ADA464700. Title : Galaxies: The Long Wavelength View. Descriptive Note : Conference paper. Corporate ...
... Accession Number : ADA101068. Title : Development of Long Wavelength Single Longitudinal (SLM) Injection Laser Diodes. ...
The anionic micellar system sodium lauryl sulfate was used to produce the photoionization of 3-aminoperylene with green light at lambda = 530 nm. This is some 4.6 eV below the gas phase ionization potential and well into the solar spectrum. The data showed clearly the marked effect of micellar environment on the photoionization yield. The dependence of this yield on the ...
Photodynamic therapy is a method that provides a reasonable alternative to other treatment modalities for patients with certain cancers, and in some cases may be the preferred treatment. The therapy implies the intravenous administration of a light-sensitive substance, the photosensitizer. The used sensitizer must absorb at long ...
... The invention is particularly directed to a spongelike highly absorbent means which is moved along the surface with light pressure to absorb the ...
A method for the design of cutoff filters is proposed that is based on the use of light at nonnormal angles of incidence and on the use of coating materials with a large dispersion of the optical constants. The optical constants are presented of several films made from indium tin oxide--a material that satisfies this requirement. The filtering is due to absorption, critical ...
BackgroundAt depths below 10 m, reefs are dominated by blue-green light because seawater selectively absorbs the longer, 'red' wavelengths beyond 600 nm from the downwelling sunlight. Consequently, the visual pigments of many reef fish are matched to shorter wavelengths, which are transmitted better by water. Combining the typically poor ...
to the Martian SNC meteorites (Shergottites, Nakhlites, Chassignites) [Mustard et al., 1997] and the absence promi- nent for intermediate and long wavelengths, resulting in more bluish hues in the east compared; the central depression is shown in light gray, the calderas Nili and Meroe Patera are shown in dark gray. Note
An indium phosphide semiconductor layer or layers are simultaneously doped with groups 2-6 elements such as zinc and selenium. These simultaneously (acceptor/-donor) doped layers offer improved characteristics when used as an ohmic contact capping layer of indium phosphide or as the active laser region in long wavelength light emitting ...
The quantum cascade laser is one of the strong candidates for a portable mid-infrared light source for a variety of DoD applications We have seen dramatic improvements in high temperature performance at long wavelengths, including threshold current densit...
We have developed several novel ways to prepare DNA. In each, the deprotection step in each synthesis cycle is accomplished with light. The group we developed for this process is dimethoxybenzoin (DMB) which, when attached to acidic functionalities, is readily removed with long wavelength (350nm) UV irradiation that will not damage the ...
We have shown that, under appropriate physiological conditions, certain freshwater and marine green algae are capable of splitting water to molecular hydrogen and oxygen in a sustained steady-state reaction. In these algae, the gaseous-fuel-producing reaction can be driven by light throughout the visible portion of the solar emission spectrum, including the ...
Partial Contents: Collective behavior of the interwell excitons biased GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum wells; InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures for long- wavelength light-emitting devices; Theory of threshold characteristics of quantum dot lasers; Properties of wid...
Amino acids are produced under possible primitive Earth conditions by irradiation of gas mixtures with long-wavelength ultraviolet light, representing the most abundant useful energy source for prebiological organic synthesis. Hydrogen sulfide is the initial photon acceptor in this work; superthermal atomic hydrogen photodissociation products appear to initiate reactions ...
It is demonstrated that the quantum yield for diphenyldiazomethane degradation in glass matrices at 77 K is higher for excitation in the short wavelength band than in the long wavelength one. It is found that within a single absorption band the degree of diphenyldiazomethane conversion to triplet diphenylmethane increases with the photon energy. The degree ...
A method is described for the generation of coherent laser radiation in the extreme ultraviolet. Light is first produced in lasers that operate at relatively long wavelengths (400--700 nm) or the near ultraviolet (200--400 nm), and is then shifted to shorter wavelengths by the nonlinear optical process known as harmonic generation (or ...
8-Methoxypsoralen is a naturally occurring linear furocoumarin that is found primarily in the families Umbelliferae, Rutaceae, and Moraceae. Psoralens inhibit DNA synthesis in the presence of long wavelength (320-400 nM) ultraviolet (UVA) light. This form...
A structure to avoid nonlinearities in the light-output versus current is proposed in long wavelength lasers of InGaAsP. This structure is very similar to a channeled-substrate planar laser in GaAlAs system. As in the GaAs lasers, nonlinearities are significantly reduced by introducing a built-in passive wave-guiding mechanism.
Metal surfaces, which are generally regarded as excellent reflectors of electromagnetic radiation, may, at high angles of incidence, become strong absorbers for transverse magnetic radiation. This effect, often referred to as the pseudo-Brewster angle, results in a reflectivity minimum, and is most strongly evident in the microwave domain, where metals are often treated as ...
) growth of a 24-pairs AlGaAsSb�InP dis- tributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with 99.5% reflectivity [14. Gini, M. Haiml, and W. B�chtold, "MOVPE growth of long wavelength AlGaAsSb/InP Bragg mirrors," Electron. Gini, E. M�ller, U. Keller, and W. B�chtold, "Highly reflective AlGaAsSb/InP Bragg reflector at 1.55 m
A long-wavelength laser system for heating low-density plasma to high temperatures is described. In one embodiment, means are provided for repeatedly receiving and transmitting long-wavelength laser light in successive stages to form a laser-light beam path that repeatedly intersects with the equilibrium axis of a magnetically ...
We propose that concurrently magnetic and ferroelectric, i.e., multiferroic, compounds endowed with electrically active magnetic excitations (electromagnons) provide a key to producing large directional dichroism for long wavelengths of light. By exploiting the control of ferroelectric polarization and magnetization in a multiferroic ...
The use of laser light in biostimulation studies raises the issue of the uniqueness of laser light. Are such effects related to the qualities unique to laser light or a manifestation of photic exposure effects on biological systems in general? In this paper, we have reviewed studies in the ocular low level light ...
... Accession Number : ADD017935. Title : Surfactant-Enhanced Light Emission- or Absorbance-Based Binding Assays for Polynucleic Acids. ...
Aug 25, 2011 ... Colors can only either absorb and/or reflect light. Colors are seen by how they reflect. Black light absorbs all colors. ...
... Title : Light Emission- or Absorbance-Based Binding Assays. Descriptive Note : Patent, Filed 9 Apr 92, patented 24 May 94,. ...
... Title : Light Absorbing Properties of Spruce Bisulphite Pulp. Part 1. Effect of Cooking Conditions. Part 2. Effect of Lignin Preserving Bleaching,. ...
Exercise 1: The Electromagnetic Spectrum. All objects absorb and reflect light in predictable ways. By measuring how much light an object absorbs in some ...
... ADP012818 TITLE: Anisotropic Polarization of Emitted and Absorbed Light in ZnSe Based Laser Structures and Thin ZnSe Films ...
There are dramatic and physiologically relevant changes in both skylight color and intensity during evening twilight as the pathlength of direct sunlight through the atmosphere increases, ozone increasingly absorbs long wavelengths and skylight becomes increasingly blue shifted. The moon is above the horizon at sunset during the waxing ...
The linear dichroism of the visible wavelength transitions of retinal have been used to analyse linear dichroism spectra to determine the orientation of aromatic and peptide structural motifs of Bacteriorhodopsin incorporated into unilamellar soy bean liposomes. The results are consistent with the available X-ray data. This proves that visible light ...
The butterfly Heliconius erato can see from the UV to the red part of the light spectrum with color vision proven from 440 to 640 nm. Its eye is known to contain three visual pigments, rhodopsins, produced by an 11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal chromophore together with long wavelength (LWRh), blue (BRh) and UV (UVRh1) opsins. We now find that ...
Lichens, a symbiotic relationship between a fungus (mycobiont) and a photosynthetic green algae or cyanobacteria (photobiont), belong to an elite group of survivalist organisms termed resurrection species. When lichens are desiccated, they are photosynthetically inactive, but upon rehydration they can perform photosynthesis within seconds. Desiccation is correlated with both a loss of variable ...
Trans-urocanic acid (trans-UA), a component of the epidermal layer of skin, exhibits wavelength dependent photochemistry. When the molecule is excited on the long wavelength tail of its absorption profile in solution, the quantum efficiency of isomerization to cis-UA achieves its maximum value. However, exciting the molecule where it ...
Reaction centers with both light harvesting complexes I and II (B875 and B800/850; i.e., RCLHILHII complexes) have been isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. These complexes have been incorporated into liposomes made from lipids purified from Escherichia coli. The electrochromic bandshift of carotenoids, present in these reconstituted complexes, shows shifted minima and ...
To obtain high resolution infrared image, both low photon efficiency and long wavelength of infrared light requires enough large aperture telescope, but large aperture vacuum windows can hardly achieve high optical quality, so open structure becomes the only viable choice for large infrared solar telescope. In addition to the effects ...
A cylindrical or trough-like radiant energy concentration and collection device is provided. The device includes an energy absorber, a glazing enveloping the absorber and a reflective wall. The ideal contour of the reflective wall is determined with reference to a virtual absorber and not the actual absorber cross ...
DOEpatents
absorb more light and reflect less light than bright objects. The activity also demonstrates the ... Energy can change forms, in this case from radiant light energy to heat. " Clouds, being bright ... What color are solar cells, for example those found ...
This thesis centers on the study of excitation transfer in a photosynthetic antenna array. The spectroscopic properties of two pigment-protein complexes were investigated. These complexes, isolated from higher plants, display an unusual temperature dependent fluorescence behavior. The author have chosen to study this fluorescence behavior with respect to energy transfer to the reaction center and ...
In this study the material properties of In-rich 0022-3727/30/15/006/img8 (> 28 at% In) thin films were evaluated and correlated against the device performance of completed devices. These absorber films were prepared by controlled selenization of Cu/In/Cu metallic alloys in an atmosphere containing 0022-3727/30/15/006/img9 and Ar. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ...
in the light path of the spectrophotometer. SDS (99%, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was used as received. Absorbance. Application of a UV-vis spectrophotometer for measurement of solution absorbance (top) and soap film thickness reflected transmitted light (I2 t) is detectable by a sensitive absorbance ...
Black carbon, light-absorbing organic carbon (often called brown carbon) and mineral dust are the major light-absorbing aerosols. Currently the sources and formation of brown carbon aerosol in particular are not well understood. In this study we estimated...
Synchrotron light absorbers intercept synchrotron radiation to protect chamber walls from excessive heat. When subjected to the high temperature of the beam, these absorbers undergo thermal stress. If the stress is too great or fatigues the material, the ...
The instruments measure ozone by collecting light from the sun that has been reflected off of the atmosphere. Ozone molecules absorb some of this light and ...
... LIGHT TRANSMISSION THROUGH A FOG-OIL SMOKE LAYER WITH AN ABSORBING OR PARTIALLY REFLECTING BOUNDARY By ...
... Title : LIGHT TRANSMISSION THROUGH A FOG-OIL SMOKE LAYER WITH AN ABSORBING OR PARTIALLY REFLECTING BOUNDARY. ...
This activity is lab oriented where students will observe that light travels in a straight line and is reflected, redirected, absorbed, or passes through objects.
Particulate matter can reflect and absorb light, which reduces the clarity ( light transmission) of the water. Substances dissolved in water can also affect ...
In this paper we construct an effective field theory (EFT) that describes long wavelength gravitational radiation from compact systems. To leading order, this EFT consists of the multipole expansion, which we describe in terms of a diffeomorphism invariant point particle Lagrangian. The EFT also systematically captures 'post-Minkowskian' ...
In this paper we construct an effective field theory (EFT) that describes long wavelength gravitational radiation from compact systems. To leading order, this EFT consists of the multipole expansion, which we describe in terms of a diffeomorphism invariant point particle Lagrangian. The EFT also systematically captures �post-Minkowskian� corrections to ...
This paper documents the molecular organization of the eye of the Eastern Pale Clouded Yellow butterfly, Colias erate (Pieridae). We cloned four cDNAs encoding visual pigment opsins, corresponding to one ultraviolet, two blue and one long wavelength-absorbing visual pigments. Duplication of the blue visual pigment class occurs also in another pierid ...
Long-wavelength GaN based light-emitting diodes are of importance in full color displays, monolithic white light- emitting diodes and solid-state lighting, etc. However, their epitaxial growth faces great challenges because high indium (In) compositions of InGaN are difficult to grow. In order to enhance In ...
