Research on the measurement of bone mineral content and body composition ranges from isotopic tracer

Dual x-ray absorptiometry is widely used in analyzing body composition and imaging. We discuss the physics of the method and exhibit its limitations and show it is related to the Compton and photoelectric contributions to the x-ray absorption coefficients of materials.

Investigated whether dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) would detect similar changes in body composition after moderate weight loss. Twenty adults had their body composition measured using DXA and ADP before and after an 8-week weight loss program. ...

We studied the effect of using the BodyFIX (Medical Intelligence Inc, Schwabmunchen, Germany) to immobilize children during a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan on body composition and bone estimates. Overestimates of soft tissue and bone introduced by the BodyFIX were avoided by using a ...

Research on the measurement of bone mineral content and body composition ranges from isotopic tracer methods and the adoption of clinical standards to osteoporosis therapy and the effects of nutritional factors on bone loss.

Objective: Compare estimates of body composition using segmental, multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy adults across a range of body mass index (BMI). Methods: Percent body fat (%BF), fat-mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) ...

Body composition was measured in 29 healthy adults (12 men and 17 women) by three different methods: Dual photon (153Gd) absorptiometry (DPA), body density measurements (BD) and measurements of total body potassium (TBK). Correlation and regression analysis with the body ...

A series of studies were conducted using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure energy and protein deposition in pigs. In an initial validation study DXA was compared directly with slaughter analysis as a method for measuring body composition and energy deposition in pigs. Mean values fo...

This report presents body composition data from whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for persons 8 years of age and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. Valid total body measuremen...

In three separate studies (156 pigs total), DXA, BIA, and ultrasound were compared as methods for measuring live body composition of pigs at 60 and 100-110 kg BWt. DXA measured total body fat and lean content, BIA measurements of resistance (Rs) and reactance (Xc) were used to calculate total body l...

During studies of the growth of neonatal piglets it is important to be able to accurately assess changes in body composition. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vivo measurements of body composition of small piglets using QMR and DXA and to validate those results by chemical analysis. A...

The purpose of this study was to measure the growth and body composition of pigs during normal or compensatory growth from 60 to 100 kg, without (cont) or with ractopamine (rac) supplementation (20 mg/kg of diet). Thirty-four pigs were scanned by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body ...

The lean-fat composition (%FATR) of soft tissue and the mineral mass of the skeleton were determined in vivo using dual-photon (153Gd) absorptiometry (dose under 2 mrem). A rectilinear raster scan was made over the entire body in 18 subjects (14 female, 4 male). Single-photon absorptiometry (125I) measured bone ...

Research article Bone and body composition analyzed by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in clinical and nutritional evaluation of young patients with Cystic Fibrosis: a cross-sectional study

QMR is a nuclear magnetic resonance based method for measuring the fat, lean and water content of the total body of the live animal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of QMR for measuring the body composition of chickens while comparing QMR results to those obtained by dual X-ray ab...

This review is focused on experimental methods for determination of the composition of the human body, its organs and tissues. It summarizes the development and current status of fat determinations from body density, total body water determinations through the dilution technique, whole and partial ...

Research on radiation detectors for absorptiometry analysis of errors affecting single photon absorptiometry and development of instrumentation, analysis of errors affecting dual photon absorptiometry and development of instrumentation, comparison of skeletal measurements with other techniques, cooperation with NASA projects for ...

Measurement of body composition in infants and children is currently challenging. Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP) has not been validated between ages 6 mo and 6 y and the requirement for stillness of the Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) technique limits its use. Quantitative Nuclear Ma...

A study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and precision of a new quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) EchoMRI device body for composition analysis (BCA) of infants and to compare it with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The EchoMRI device measured fat, lean, free water, and total water,...

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is often cited as a criterion method for body composition measurements. We have previously shown that a new DXA software version (Hologic Discovery V12.1) will affect whole-body bone mineral results for subjects weighing less than 40 kg. We wished to re-analy...

Conventional radiographic methods allow physicians to visualize bone structure. However, they do not offer information on the bone mineral density (BMD), which can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Bone densitometry, by contrast, helps to detect bone mineral loss at an early stage because it provides accurate quantitative measurement of BMD. With an emphasis on ...

Body composition measurements vary greatly in degree of measurement difficulty and accuracy. Hydrostatic weighing, chemical dilution or their equivalents were the accepted "gold" standards for assessing fat mass. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is fast replacing these techniques as the preferred standard. However, these direct ...

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is widely viewed as the preferred method to assess pediatric bone mineral content because of its speed, precision, and minimal radiation exposure, and the availability of pediatric reference data. DEXA can also be used to estimate body composition precisely with minimal patient cooperation. ...

1. Assessment of nutrition in patients with chronic renal failure by body composition measurement techniques may be affected by variable hydration. 2. This study aimed to derive a four-component model of body composition (consisting of fat, protein, total body water and ...

Non-invasive techniques to measure body composition are critical for longitudinal studies of energetics and life histories and for investigating the link between body condition and physiology. Previous attempts to determine, non-invasively, the body composition of snakes have proven ...

The incidence of obesity in the United States and other developed countries is epidemic. Because the prevalence of comorbidities to obesity, such as type 2 diabetes, has also increased, it is clear there is a great need to monitor and treat obesity and its comorbidities. Body composition assessments vary in precision and in the target tissue of interest. ...

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare body composition results from bioelectrical spectroscopy (BIS) with results from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population of male elite athletes. Body composition was assessed using DXA (Lunar Prodigy, GE Lunar Corp., Madison, USA) ...

A study was conducted to examine the effects of controlled intake, dietary protein (CP) level, and ractopamine supplementation on growth, body composition, and the efficiency of energy and protein deposition in pigs during uninterrupted or compensatory growth from 60 to 100 kg. Seven groups of pigs ...

It has been noted that the deleterious effects on bone calcium of prolonged periods of inactivity, such as bed rest, are halted following resumption of activity. It would seem possible in light of the observations that have been made, that exercise may stimulate bone formation and perhaps counter, to some extent, bone loss as observed in the osteoporosis of aging. The present study was designed to ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of BIA in the measurement of total body composition and regional fat and the fat free mass in the healthy young adults. Four hundred and three healthy young adults (167 women and 236 men) aged 18-29�years were recruited from the Mid-West region of Ireland. Multi frequency, eight-polar bioelectrical ...

Aim:? To perform a methods comparison of a left or right half-body scan versus whole-body scan for measuring body composition in a sample of obese children. Methods:? A group of obese children (n?=?58; ?95th BMI percentile; 8-18?years) were required to undergo a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ...

To determine the validity and reliability of percent body fat estimates in 177 boys and 154 girls between 12-17 years of age, percent body fat was assessed once using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and twice using the sum of two skinfolds and three bioelectrical impedance analysis devices. The assessments were repeated on 79 ...