Conventional radiographic methods allow physicians to visualize bone structure. However, they do not offer information on the bone mineral density (BMD), which can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Bone densitometry, by contrast, helps to detect bone mineral loss at an early stage because it provides accurate quantitative measurement of BMD. With an emphasis on ...

A new x-ray-based (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) instrument for measurement of bone mineral in the spine and hips was compared with a commercial dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) instrument that uses a 153Gd source (DP3, Lunar Radiation Corporation). Measurements were made on phantoms and lumbar spines of ...

The effectiveness of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) in X-ray, dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and hip structure analysis (HSA) are reviewed. Raloxifene and bazedoxifene increase bone mineral density in the spine and femoral neck, and reduce risk of vertebral fracture in women with osteoporosis, and ...

The association of abdominal aortic calcium (AAC) on lateral spine bone densitometry with coronary artery calcium (CAC) has not been reported. We studied 33 men and 73 women who had CAC scored with electron beam computed tomography at the eighth visit of the Rancho Bernardo study and lateral spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ...

The spine is surrounded by many muscles and ligaments which give it great strength and flexibility. If these muscles ...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Lumbar Spine KidsHealth > Parents > Doctors & Hospitals > Medical Tests & Exams > Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Lumbar Spine Print A A A ...

This report presents data from 153 healthy, early postmenopausal women who were randomly allocated to two years of treatment with estrogen or placebo. Bone mineral content in the forearms was measured by single-photon absorptiometry, and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and total-body bone mineral by dual-photon absorptiometry, ...

The association of abdominal aortic calcium (AAC) on lateral spine bone densitometry with coronary artery calcium (CAC) has not been reported. We studied 33 men and 73 women who had CAC scored with electron beam computed tomography at the 8^th visit of the Rancho Bernardo study and lateral spine dual energy x-ray ...

Background:Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L-spine) has been reported to be normal by routine posterior-anterior (PA) bone density imaging in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).Objective:To determine BMD of the L-spine by PA and lateral (LAT) dual-energy radiographic ...

Vertebral fractures are the hallmark of osteoporosis and are associated with increased morbility and mortality. Because a majority of vertebral fractures often occur in absence of specific trauma and are asymptomatic, their identification is radiographic. The two most widely used methods to determine the severity of vertebral fractures are the visual semiquantitative (SQ) assessment and the ...

Since its introduction nearly ten years ago, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become the single most widely used technique for performing bone densitometry studies. One reason for its popularity is the ability of DXA systems to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine and proximal femur, the two most common sites for osteoporotic ...

This is a normal fetal ultrasound performed at 30 weeks gestation. In the middle of the screen, a clear outline of the spine and ribs is visible. ...

... Spine and Spinal Cord in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine ... 7. Hurst RW: Interventional Neuroradiology of the Head and Neck in Neuroradiologic ...

A new method for estimating in vivo bone mineral density (BMD) and characterizing the shape of cancellous bone has been proposed using the results of ultrasonic inspection for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The method is based on two-dimensional bone area fraction S (percent bone area between bone and bone marrow) calculated from the difference in the speed of ultrasonic wave propagation through ...

An average, variable precision error of up to 6% related to source age was observed for dual-photon absorptiometry of the spine in a longitudinal study of bone mineral content involving 393 women. Application of a software correction for source decay compensated for only a portion of this error. The authors conclude that measurement of bone-loss rates ...

Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) is a noninvasive radiologic technique used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and hip. With DPA the amount of bone mineral measured represents the total integrated mineral (cortical and trabecular) i...

This book contain 15 selections. Some of the titles are: Effects of age on the appearance of magnetic resonance images of the spine; Potential for image analysis in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the aging spine; Potential of x-ray diffraction computed tomography for discriminating ...

Certain types of metallic objects apparently have high attenuation (a white image) on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan images, but instead show up as black (black hole artifacts). When small, these artifacts may easily be missed on visual inspection. We hypothesized that such "black hole" artifacts could have a significant ...

Recent advances in medical X-ray imaging have enabled the development of new techniques capable of assessing not only bone quantity but also structure. This article provides (a) a brief review of the current X-ray methods used for quantitative assessment of the skeleton, (b) data on the levels of radiation exposure associated with these methods and (c) information about ...

Radiographic absorptiometry (RA) is a noninvasive radiologic technique involving a computer-assisted densitometric measurement of the x-ray image of bone. Mineral density analysis are based on phalangeal scans of pairs of exposed radiographs with an alumi...

Dual x-ray absorptiometry is widely used in analyzing body composition and imaging. We discuss the physics of the method and exhibit its limitations and show it is related to the Compton and photoelectric contributions to the x-ray absorption coefficients of materials.

Apr 21, 2011 ... HARDWARE INFORMATION. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA, previously DEXA). Hardware Type. Imaging Systems Laboratory Equipment: Analysis ...

Scanning of the new 5-mm distal-radius site and the mid-radius (33% site) was performed using single photon absorptiometry (SPA) and of the L2-L4 region of the spine using dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) in a group of healthy women (age range 36-66 yr) in order to develop parameters to enable SPA to be used to screen for low DPA ...

Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory inputs in the brain. Although it is clear that spines compartmentalize calcium, it is still unknown what role, if any, they play in integrating synaptic inputs. To investigate the electrical function of spines directly, we used second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of ...

Since there is almost no information on whether the concomitant use of diagnostic radioisotopes and radiographic contrast media interferes with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), we investigated these potentially confounding effects. At routine scheduled radiographic follow-up, 40 patients previously treated for malignant lymphomas or solid tumors in Hamilton and Ottawa, ...

... the shoulder. These areas are commonly affected by ankylosing spondylitis. CLICK ON ANY IMAGE TO ENLARGE (will open ...

... The cervical vertebrae make up the neck. The thoracic vertebrae comprise the chest section and have ribs attached. ...

... a new generation of clinical techniques along with the ... The project is led by the ... Descriptors : *SURGERY, *SPINAL COLUMN, ROBOTICS, IMAGES ...

Dendritic spines are postsynaptic structures the morphology of which correlates with the strength of synaptic efficacy. Measurements of spine density and spine morphology are achievable using recent imaging and bioinformatics tools. The three-dimensional automated analysis requires optimization of ...

A novel method for automated curved planar reformation (CPR) of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the spine is presented. The CPR images, generated by a transformation from image-based to spine-based coordinate system, follow the structural shape of the spine and allow the ...

Developing a novel technique for the efficient, noninvasive clinical evaluation of bone microarchitecture remains both crucial and challenging. The trabecular bone score (TBS) is a new gray-level texture measurement that is applicable to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. Significant correlations between TBS and standard 3-dimensional (3D) ...

Abnormal curvature in the spine is known as scoliosis, and generally begins just at the onset of ... growth. Most junior high schools routinely screen for scoliosis because, if caught early, progressive spine curvature can ...

This project is aimed at improving the state of the art of image-guided and minimally invasive spine procedures by developing a new generation of clinical techniques along with the computer-based hardware and software needed for their implementation. The ...

This project is aimed at improving the state of the art of image-guided and minimally invasive spine procedures by developing a new generation of clinical techniques along with the computer-based hardware and software needed for their implementation. The ...

A number of different techniques are available to study bone mineral. Those based on radiographs are helpful as an initial approach to the symptomatic patient with advanced disease, but they do not have the sensitivity to detect early bone loss, to assist in the estimation of fracture risk, or to monitor effects of treatment in controlled drug studies. A radiograph of the ...

This analysis examines lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) of US adults from NHANES 2005-2008 by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Prevalence of low spine BMD and agreement between the prevalence of low BMD at the spine and femur neck in older adults are also assessed. INTRODUCTION: Lumbar spine BMD data from a ...

. Figure 8 shows several curved spine axis detection results of the Scoliosis spine x-ray images. When they diagnose the Scoliosis, the curvature of the spine plays an important role. Our algo- rithm can detect on the Scoliosis X-ray spine images. Detected axis of the ...

ObjectivesTo investigate the association of soccer playing and long?distance running with total and regional bone mineral density (BMD).DesignCross?sectional study.SettingAcademic medical centre.ParticipantsElite male soccer players (n?=?15), elite male long?distance runners (n?=?15) and sedentary male controls (n?=?15) aged 20�30 years.Main outcome measurementsBMD (g/cm²) ...

Context: Daily PTH administration increases bone mineral density (BMD) and reduces fracture risk. However, cost and compliance significantly limit clinical use.Objective: Our objective was to determine whether less frequent PTH administration increases lumbar spine BMD.Participants, Design, and Setting: Fifty postmenopausal women ages 45�70 yr with femoral neck BMD T-score ...

Because they are not reliably discriminated by areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurements, it is unclear whether minimal vertebral deformities represent early osteoporotic fractures. To address this, we compared 90 postmenopausal women with no deformity (controls) with 142 women with one or more semiquantitative grade 1 (mild) deformities and 51 women with any grade 2�3 (moderate/severe) ...

A novel method is proposed for the automatic detection of fetal spine in ultrasound images along with its orientation in this paper. This problem presents a variety of challenges, including robustness to speckle noise, variations in the visible shape of the spine due to orientation of the ultrasound probe with respect to the fetus and ...

Kinematic magnetic resonance imaging can be implemented as a noninvasive adjunct examination for injuries in the cervical spine in the clinical assessment of ligamentous, disk, and soft-tissue injuries, as a basis for determining medical vs. surgical management, and in establishing the degree of functional clinical impairment. This article discusses the ...

Features of the three major brands of DEXA equipment available in Australasia have been summarised. Radiation hazard is small with patient effective doses of the order of a few microSieverts. In vivo measurement precision of the order of 1% is achievable for PA scans of the lumbar spine. Lateral scans can achieve measurement precision of the order of 4%. Recent technological ...

The computed radiography images of 100 randomly selected traumatic cervical spine series were evaluated. The studies were reviewed on the laser printed hardcopy and 2K monitor soft copy images. In addition to the cervical vertebrae, the cervico-thoracic vertebral body interface must be recognized for a lateral ...

SUMMARYSpine growth and retraction with synapse formation and elimination plays an important role in shaping brain circuits during development and in the adult brain. Yet the temporal relationship between spine morphogenesis and the formation of functional synapses remains poorly defined. We imaged hippocampal pyramidal neurons to identify ...

To determine the timing of peak bone mass and density, we conducted a cross-sectional study of bone mass measurements in 265 premenopausal Caucasian females, aged 8-50 yr. Bone mass and bone mineral density were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry and single-photon absorptiometry at the spine (anteroposterior, lateral), proximal ...

With the awareness of osteoporosis as a major health problem for an aging population, there is great interest in early recognition and treatment of abnormal bone loss. Effective prevention of bone loss has to occur prior to the occurrence of irreparable damage. Standard radiographic procedures are not sensitive enough for the task. Therefore, a number of alternative procedures to estimate bone ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MR), using a 0.3 T resistive scanner with an iron core and a vertical magnetic field, was evaluated in patients with different diseases affecting the cervical and thoracic spine and the spinal cord. The results indicate that MR...

A method is presented for reconstructing the geometry of a road from a single image of the road. The road is modeled as a space ribbon defined by a spine (centerline) and generators which are horizontal line segments cutting the spine at their midpoint at...

Dendritic spines receive most synaptic inputs in the forebrain. Their morphology, with a spine head isolated from the dendrite by a slender neck, indicates a potential role in isolating inputs. Indeed, biochemical compartmentalization occurs at spine heads because of the diffusional bottleneck created by the spine ...

Chronic stress causes dendritic regression and loss of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons that is accompanied by deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory. However, the responsible mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we found that within hours of the onset of stress, the density of dendritic spines declined in vulnerable dendritic domains. This ...

The evaluation and management of cervical spine injuries is a core component of the practice of emergency medicine. This article focuses on evaluation and management of blunt cervical spine trauma by the emergency physician. Pertinent anatomy of the cervical spine and specific cervical spine fractures are ...