The infrared emission bands (also known as the UIR bands.) have recently been observed in absorption

The 3250/cm 'ice' band observed in absorption and polarization in interstellar spectra is studied in

We have investigated the absorption spectra of Tl+ centers doped in ammonium and cesium halides crystals with the CsCl structure up to the vacuum ultraviolet energy range. In the NH4X:Tl+ (X = Cl, Br) crystals, the A, B and C absorption bands due to the intraionic transitions in the Tl+ ion are observed in the ...

A combined magnetic circular dichroism and electron spin resonance technique was used to associate optical absorption bands in neutron-irradiated SrO with the F(+) center. It is hypothesized that these bands are analogous to bands observed in the alkali h...

Mar 1, 2011... of absorption bands and are observed at local minima in the magnetic field. .... and interface software, and digital storage media. ...

Mar 1, 2011... of absorption bands and are observed at local minima in the magnetic field. .... and interface software, and digital storage media. ...

... of absorption bands and are observed at local minima in the magnetic field. .... with machine-vision and interface software, and digital storage media. ...

... Large red shifts of the hot bands from the main peak were observed, as expected for high overtone transitions due to large anharmonicities. ...

The absorption spectrum of single and oriented crystals of iodine was investigated in the wavelength region 7000-3000 A. Four strongly polarized bands and one weakly polarized absorption band were observed, all of which are polarized in the ac plane of th...

The broad absorption lineshape observed for transitions between the heavy hole and spin orbit split bands in EHD in Ge is explained. It is due to the momentum spreading of the hole wave function as calculated by multiple scattering theory.

Infrared absorptance measurements of polycrystalline silicon and single crystals of silicon having oxygen and carbon impurities were carried out at low temperatures in the wavelength range of multiphonon infrared absorption of silicon. Peak absorptance and frequencies were measured at temperatures from 10 to 130 K at intervals of 10 K. ...

We observe absorption bands in the CsXe system corresponding to the emission bands recently reported by us. These bands are due to transitions between the CsXe 6s sigma ground state and ns sigma, nd sigma, and nd pi excited molecular terms. (Author)

Absorption bands between 300 nm and 315 nm were observed in spectral scans of the atmospheric albedo

The equipment and experimental techniques used to observe the temperature dependence of absorptance in a small region of the 950/cm band of ammonia are described. The integrated absorptance of two spectral lines was measured at 214K and 300K for samples o...

It has been demonstrated that under specific conditions absorption bands in the spectrum of graphite high-temperature cavity radiators can be observed. These irregularities affect the Planckian spectra that are expected for a blackbody. Several investigations were made to investigate and to avoid these absorptions. ...

Two shorter wave-length emission bands were observed in activated alkali iodides at gamma and light excitation apart from activator emission. The shortest wave-length band, observed only at low temperatures, is excited in exciton absorption bands and it may be due ...

Observations made on some lead borate, lead aluminoberate, and lead beroaluminosilicate glasses showed that an absorption band is induced at 1.5 ev (825 m mu ) by gamma irradiation. Experimental evidence indicates that this band is associated with Pb/sup 2+/ ions and beron in the structure of these glasses. ...

A NEW absorption band has been observed, with a Hilger E1 glass spectrograph, on the shorter wavelength side of the second member of the rubidium principal series, in the presence of neon, helium, hydrogen or nitrogen. The position of the band depends on the nature of the foreign gas admitted into the ...

The study by the authors in 1987 demonstrated the feasibility of remote sensing of surface pressure based on analysis of the oxygen A-band as observed in sunlight reflected from the sea. The results of the earlier work are used to map the regions on the s...

A new absorption band at 3506 cm-1 has been observed in LiNbO3 doped simultaneously with Mg and Cr. The band is distinctly separated from the well known band at 3485 cm-1 in undoped crystals and from that near 3540 cm-1 due to Mg-OH complexes. The new absorption ...

A logical theory is developed for the anomaious impurity absorption effect near exciton bands in molecular crystals, which was previously predicted theoretically and was observed experimentally. Special attention is given to the role played by iong-range interactions. General formulas are obtained for the impurity ...

The visible absorption spectrum of liquid ethylene at ? 108 K from 5500 � to 7200 � was measured by using a pulsed tunable dye laser, immersed-transducer, gated-detection opto-acoustic spectroscopy technique. The absorption features show the strongest band with an absorption coefficient of ?2 � ...

The infra-red absorption of four organic nitrates has been studied in the region from 1.0 to 7.5?. The liquids used are methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate, propyl nitrate and butyl nitrate. Two absorption bands at 1.40? and 2.96? are attributed either to an OH linkage or water. All other bands are attributed to the ...

2 days ago ... The Nimbus 4 Selective Chopper Radiometer (SCR) observed the emitted infrared radiation in the 15-micrometer absorption band of carbon ...

Infra-red Absorption of Aqueous Solutions of Alkali Hydroxides, I-3?.-The absorption of various concentrations of solutions of NaOH, KOH and LiOH and of one solution each of NH4OH and CsOH was determined with reference to that of water, using two like cells with quartz windows, and a suitable spectrometer with thermopile and sensitive galvanometer. All ...

... Accession Number : AD0648884. Title : THE INTENSITY OF THE ABSORPTION BANDS OF RUBY,. Corporate Author : FOREIGN ...

Although visible and near IR reflectance spectra contain absorption bands that are characteristic of

Difluorocarbene (CF2) has been observed by time-resolved diode laser absorption spectroscopy following excimer-laser photolysis of C2F4. A band strength of 2.8 X 10-17 cm molecule-1 for the v3 band may be inferred from the absorption measurements, assumin...

H. H. VAN IDDEKINGE1 has made the interesting observation that in the emission spectrum of sulphur produced by him, such of the bands as were found by Rosen2 and Henri and Teves3 to be diffuse in the absorption spectrum, are entirely absent. This gives strong evidence in favour of the view of `predissociation' in the molecule.

A tunable diode laser is used to investigate the nu sub 8 vibrational band of Sulfuryl Fluoride in the 11 micrometer region. Although the absorption spectrum is doppler limited, the resolution is high enough to observe previously unresolved lines and ther...

Bands analogous to the Herzberg-Scheibe B and C bands in HI and CH3I were observed in iodine derivatives of planar conjugated hydrocarbons. From energy, intensity and substituent perturbation considerations they are assigned as arising primarily from a Pi...

The absorption and emission spectra of dense sodium vapour have been measured between 790 nm and 1000 nm. In the emission spectrum from the high-pressure sodium lamp we observed the characteristic continuum structure at 882 nm which we interpreted as a satellite band originating from the 1 3?+g-13?+u transition. The complementary ...

The X 2 Sigma(+)1/2 to B 2 Sigma(+)1/2 absorption band of HgBr has been observed in the afterglow of a pulsed Ne-N2-HgBr2 discharge. Peaking in the ultraviolet (UV) near 350 nm, this continuum degrades slowly to the red and at 410 nm the absorption coeffi...

Optical absorption measurements have confirmed the reports of earlier workers that the solid forms of the cyclic polynitramines known as RDX and HMX have a weak absorption band in the near ultraviolet which is not observed in spectra of the solvated compo...

A new absorption band at 2029 cm{sup {minus}1} has been observed in GaAs following implantation with hydrogen at 80 K. Association of the band with a vibrational mode of hydrogen is confirmed by substitution of deuterium. Tentative assignment is made to As-H bonds. The new band is unstable ...

New laboratory data are presented for the previously reported molecular absorption band at 4429 � observed in a benzene plasma matching the strongest diffuse interstellar band (DIB) at 4428.9 �. Gas-phase absorption spectra are presented for rotational temperatures of ~15 and 200 K. The ...

We have measured absorption of emission from a TEA CO2 laser, lasing on hot band lines, in pure CS2 and a mixture of CS2 with air, and we have determined the optimal lines for optical excitation. Numerical modeling has shown that as the peak intensity of the pump radiation is increased, we observe absorption ...

Luminescence properties of pure silica core optical fibers (OFs) with a high-OH group content are studied in the visible region at different doses and dose rates of 60Co ?-radiation. It is shown that the ?-induced light emission (GLE) spectra consist of Cherenkov emission along the luminescence bands. Different increase rates of the luminescence bands at ...

The vibrational and electronic absorption spectra of dibenzo[b,def]chrysene (DBC) and its ions in argon matrixes have been recorded. Assignment of the observed infrared (IR) bands has been made by comparison with the density functional theory (DFT) computations of harmonic vibrational frequencies (with 6-31G(d,p) or 6-311+G(d,p) basis ...

The excited state absorption spectrum of Sm sup 2+ in SrF sub 2 has been observed. The absorption peaks associated with the sup 5 D sub 0 (4f sup 6 ) excited state were found to be displaced by approximately 3000 cm sup -1 from the absorption bands arisin...

We report transient absorption measurements on poly(3-hexyl thienylene) and poly(3-dodecyl thienylene). In both materials we observe a transient absorption followed by a transient bleaching, and oscillations with a period of 120 fs. We propose that the oscillatory features are due to coupling between vibrational modes of the polymer ...

We measured the Soret band of deoxymyoglobin (deoxyMb), myoglobin cyanide (MbCN), and aquo-metmyoglobin (all from horse heart) with absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. A clear non-coincidence was observed between the absorption and CD profiles of deoxyMb and MbCN, with the CD profiles red- and ...

The HO2 radicals generated in a discharge-flow system were observed with tunable diode laser absorption in the P-branch of the nu(3) vibrationall band at 1080/cm. The observed line positions agree with those calculated from the molecular constants for the...

Defect infrared-absorption bands induced by fast neutrons in n-type, p-type, and intrinsic silicon were investigated by the piezospectroscopic method. The divacancy-associated bands at 1.8 and 3.3 ? together with two sharp subbands at 3.45 and 3.61 ? were observed in all types of Si when the measurements were made ...

The absorption spectra of aqueous solutions after exposure to a pulse of 1.8 Mev electrons reveal a broad transient absorption band that is believed to be due to the hydrated electron, the existence and properties of which are predicted by Platzman. Aqueous ammonia solutions of various concentrations are exposed to 1.8 Mev ...

Optical absorptions of LiF single crystals irradiated with to 1000 deg F. or rays were measured in the extreme ultraviolet region. One specimen was found to have an absorption band at 11.1 ev. well-separated from the fundamental band, which seemed to be proportional to the F band. ...

In the IR-absorption spectra of polyethylene, irradiated at 20 degrees K with fast electrons, having crystallites with straightened chains, bands are observed in the region of 880-950 cm/sup -1/, which disappear on heating the irradiated sample to 100-200 degrees K. The disappearance of these bands leads to an ...

The absorption spectra of 0.5 aquamolality solutions of copper sulfate (CuSO4) in H216O, D216O and H218O were determined at room temperature in the wavelength range of 400 1100 nm. Both deuterium (D) and 18O isotope substitutions resulted in a decrease of 6% and 1%, respectively, in the integrated absorption coefficient. No shift in the maximum of the ...

The temperature and polarization behaviors of four absorption bands in p-type CdGeAs2 bulk crystals have been studied from 5 to 300 K. One band, peaking near 0.22 eV (5.5 ?m), is the V2-->V1 intervalence band transition, and its intensity taken with E?c is about 2.8 times larger than that taken with E?c. Three ...

Two new bands of PtF have been recorded in the near-infrared with rotational resolution using intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy. Red-degraded bandheads are observed at 12523 and 13079 wn, and they are identified as the (0,0) and (1,0) bands of a new electronic transition based on the ...

The use of molten LiNO/sub 3/--KNO/sub 3/ eutectic as a solvent medium in which the absorption spectra of the lanthanides can be observed, made possible an extension of the normal spectral region of investigation into the near infrared to approximates 2.6 microns. Thus it was possible to demonstrate the existence of a number of lanthanide ...

The x-ray emission and absorption spectra of boron and nitrogen in BN are discussed. It is shown that the selective maximum observed in the boron spectra is produced by,the partial filling of its 2p/sub z/ orbitals and therefore by the partial filling of the bottom of the conduction band. The diffuse-reflection method was ...

Deuteration, concentration, and temperature studies are employed to establish the 1.99- mu m band of primary butylamines to be free N- H absorption and the 2.02- mu m band to be hydrogen-bonded N-- II absorption. The effect of amine structure on absorptivity of these ...

Radiation-induced optical absorption bands in pure synthetic silica-core fibers were studied. The effect of Cl contamination on the absorption change of the irradiated fibers in relation to the radiation resistance was examined, and it was deduced that low-Cl fibers have good radiation resistance even when they have a low OH content. ...

The infrared absorption coefficient of H2SO4 vapor has been measured for the first time. The vapor was obtained from liquid acid held at the azeotrope. The temperature dependence of the absorption confirmed that the azeotrope concentration was accurate to better than 1%. The P, Q, and R branches of the measured band cover a spectral ...

Sub-band absorption at 1550 nm has been demonstrated and characterized on silicon Geiger mode detectors, which normally would be expected to have no response at this wavelength. We compare responsivity measurements to single-photon absorption for wavelengths slightly above the band gap wavelength of silicon (~1100 ...

Argon crystals were doped with 0.2 ppm of 41K through the nuclear reaction 40Ar (n, ?-) 41K. The absorption spectrum from 300 nm to 800 nm was measured as a function of the annealing temperature. Absorption <-- 42s1/2 transition of the free atom could be bands corresponding to the 42p1/2, 3/2 <-- 42s1/2 and 52p1/2, 3/2 <-- ...

Compositions which vitrify by means of a conventional glass melting method, containing a large amount of erbium ion were investigated in aluminosilicate, phosphate, borate, borosilicate, telluride and fluoride systems. As a result of melting test, we obtain some glasses which contain higher than 20 mol% erbium. In transparent materials containing erbium an anomalous optical ...

Spectrophotometric studies of sodium metaphosphate glasses doped with 3d transition metals (0.1% Ti ? Cu) were carried out before and after successive gamma irradiation. In the undoped glass, strong charge-transfer ultraviolet absorption bands are observed and are related to trace iron impurities in the raw materials used for glass ...

A detailed study of the implantation-induced damage in Si on sapphire, carried out by optical-absorption measurements extending from energies above the band gap down to energies far into the subgap region of Si, is presented. The changes induced in the optical band gap, band-edge slopes, and in the subgap features ...

An SiO condensate containing trapped and adsorbed H2O was produced in the laboratory. The SiO condensate is not a silicate; it is an amorphous silicon suboxide material. The micron absorption of trapped H2O in this condensate matches very closely the 3 micron absorption band of the Galactic center source IRS 7. 19 refs.

The transmission properties of CdS in the band discontinuity is evaluated with the sharp absorption structures of excitonic excitation states and by a broadband defect-correlated absorption. A broadband induced transmission could be observed with increasi...

Density of states changes in the valence and conduction band of silicon nanoclusters were monitored using soft x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy as a function of cluster size. a progressive increase in the valence band edge toward lower energy is found fro clusters with decreasing diameters. A similar but smaller shift is ...

Pyridinium iodide salts possess iodide to ring charge-transfer (c-t) absorption; two c-t bands are generally observed in nonpolar solvents. The existence of two bands is important for the researcher in detection because the absolute and relative energies ...

Electronic Absorption Spectra of CnCl Radicals (n ) 5, 6) and Their Cations in Neon Matrices neon matrices. The bands observed are assigned to the B 2 r X 2 electronic transition of C6Cl, 3 - r mass- selective neon matrix isolation spectroscopy. The band assign- ments of each molecule are based

Coherent emission from Ho(3+) ions (2.1 micrometer) in a YIG host at 77 K has been observed by optical pumping into the electronic absorption bands of the YIG host material, using (i) a pulsed Nd: glass laser to pump into the tail of the 6A(1g) to 4T(1g) ...

Spectral characteristics are described for coal tar. Coal tar films at 300K exhibit broadband luminescence similar to the 5500 � - 7500 � emission "bump" of the Red Rectangle/HD 44179, and a DIB-like absorption band near 4430 �. The infrared absorption spectrum includes features at wavelengths of most of the ...

Atmospheric oxygen absorption bands in observed spectra of boost phase missiles can be used to accurately estimate range from sensor to target. One method is to compare observed values of band averaged absorption to radiative transfer models. This is most effective using ...

Numerical simulations are performed on the narrowing of transient linewidths of the absorption peaks of an ensemble of four-level atoms doped in a dispersive band-gap material. The atoms do not interact with each other. They are, however, interacting with a reservoir, due to which, the top two levels of the atoms decay to a pair of lower levels. A probe ...

Soft X-ray absorption spectra of typical alkali chlorides, KCl and NaCl, were observed by using as a continuous background the synchrotron radiation from the 750 MeV electron synchrotron in the Institute for Nuclear Study, Tokyo. The L2,3-absorption spectrum of Cl- in these chlorides has been obtained. The spectrum shows one or two ...

Optical-absorption data are presented together with band-structure calculations for the polaron lattice and bipolar lattice for the highly conducting form of polyaniline, proton-doped polyemeraldine. It is shown that the polaron-lattice band structure fully accounts for the observed optical transitions. These ...

Angle-resolved photoemission measurements of divalent hexaborides reveals a >1 eV X-point gap between the valence and conduction bands, in contradiction to the band overlap assumed in several models of their novel ferromagnetism. While the global ARPES band structure and gap size observed are consistent with ...

The authors report the results of nondegenerate optical pump-probe absorption experiments performed on GaN and InGAN thin films and quantum wells under the conditions of strong optical band to band excitation. The evolution of the band edge in these materials was monitored as the number of photoexcited free ...

... Accession Number : AD0465062. Title : NEAR INFRARED ABSORPTION BAND IN CADMIUM SULFIDE SINGLE CRYSTALS,. ...

Forbidden absorption bands of diatomic O in Ar continuum region, determining rotational constants of

... Accession Number : AD0739310. Title : Concerning the Optical Absorption Band of the Hydrated Electron,. Corporate Author ...

... Accession Number : AD0615684. Title : APPROXIMATIVE BAND ABSORPTION AND TOTAL EMISSIVITY CALCULATIONS FOR H2O,. ...

... Accession Number : AD0612573. Title : APPROXIMATE BAND ABSORPTION AND TOTAL EMISSIVITY CALCULATIONS FOR CO2,. ...

... Title : A Broad Band Radiation Source for Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements in Single Shot Transient Media. ...

The far-infrared spectra of Li-Ni mixed ferrites reveal four absorption bands (two at high frequencies and two at low frequencies) in the frequency range 700-200 cm-1. The high-frequency band (v1) is assigned to the tetrahedral metal complexes, while the absorption bands v2 and v3 are ...

The intermediate band solar cell is a promising approach to achieving high efficiency photovoltaic conversion, with theoretical limiting efficiencies in principle well exceeding those of conventional single gap semiconductors. The presence of an intermediate defect band within the normally forbidden band gap of the photovoltaic ...

This study on the band structures and charge densities of nitrogen (N)-, carbon (C)- and boron (B)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) by first-principles simulation with the CASTEP code (Segall et al., 2002) showed that the three 2p bands of impurity atom are located above the valence-band maximum and below the Ti 3d ...

This study on the band structures and charge densities of nitrogen (N)-, carbon (C)- and boron (B)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) by first-principles simulation with the CASTEP code (Segall et al., 2002) showed that the three 2p bands of impurity atom are located above the valence-band maximum and below the Ti 3d ...

The optical absorption studies of sodium copper chlorophyllin thin films (SCC), prepared by spray pyrolysis, in the UV-vis-NIR region was reported for the first time. Several new discrete transitions are observed in the UV-vis region of the spectra in addition to a strong continuum component in the IR region. The spectra of the infrared ...

The optical absorption spectrum of gadolinium molybdate (GMO) was measured as a function of photon energy and polarization between 40 and 205 �C for absorption coefficients between 10 and 300 cm-1. GMO undergoes a simultaneous ferroelectric-ferroelastic transition at 159 �C no discontinuity in the absorption spectrum was ...

IT is generally agreed that reduced cytochrome c shows absorption bands in the visible spectrum at 550 m� (?-band) and at 520 m� (?-band) in fact, the presence of these two absorption bands is the principal means of detecting reduced cytochrome c in a biological object. ...

U-branch transitions corresponding to 5 reverse arrow 1 and 4 reverse arrow 0 in the rotational quantum number J of the H/sub 2/ molecule have been clearly observed in the infrared fundamental band with a 3.6-cm absorbing path of the solid at approx. 10 K. These transitions arise because of the hexadecapolar contribution to the intermolecular interaction, ...

Absorption bands of pure water and of four aqueous electrolyte solutions in the region 6200-7400 cm exp -1 have been measured from 0 to 180 exp 0 C. The observed bands were resolved in Gaussian components. The variation of the resolved sub-bands with temp...

Techniques for extrapolating Earth-based spectral band measurements of directly transmitted solar irradiance to equivalent exoatmospheric signal levels were used to aid in determining system gain settings of the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) suns...

The transmission of synchrotron radiation through magnetized iron at energies above the K-absorption edge shows relative differences for right and left circular polarization of several times 10/sup -4/. The observed spin dependence of the near-edge photoabsorption is proportional to the difference of the spin densities of the unoccupied ...

Optical absorption and emission behavior have been investigated in aluminosilicate sol-gel materials containing the sodium salt of tetra-4-sulfonatophenylporphyrinatocopper(II). Concentration-dependent nonlinear absorption was observed in the porphyrin-doped specimens. Up-converted optical emission from the second excited doublet ...

.e., the difference between the XX and X peaks, measured either in absorption XX A =EX abs -EXX abs or in emission XX are naturally dif- ferent from the intrinsic binding energies. Transient absorption TA experiments can detect the transient absorption TA data of CdSe quantum dots upon pumping into the 1P exciton, while panel b shows ...

The absorption and luminescence of naphthacene impurities in tolan, stilbene. and p-ditolyl crystals at 20 deg K are investigated. Polarization of certain bands, particularly pronounced at high concentrations of naphthacene, was observed in the absorption spectra of naphthacene impurities in the given ...

Absorptions arising from the tilde{A}-tilde{X} transition of normal and isotopically substituted NO_3 have been observed between 7500 and 9500 cm^{-1}. Details of the spectra will be discussed and assignments will be proposed. Absorptions arising from the tilde{B}-tilde{X} transition of NO_3, with band origin ...

... A 575-millimicron band was detected in the absorption spectrum and a 600-millimicron band in the reflection spectrum. ...

A theoretical study of rotational profiles of molecular absorption bands is essential for direct comparison with observations of diffuse interstellar bands. Applications using a Gaussian quantum-chemical approach within density functional theory are presented. Structural and vibrational properties of the polycyclic ...

A theoretical study of rotational profiles of molecular absorption bands is essential for direct comparison with observations of diffuse interstellar bands. Applications using gaussian quantum-chemical approach within DFT are presented. Structural and vibrational properties of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ...

The first Na K-edge absorption measurements are reported. The data reveal a narrowing of the unfilled density of states analogous to that observed in a recent photoemission study of the conduction band and in very good agreement with new band-structure calculations. The narrowing is found to be essential for ...

The absorption spectra of UCl/sub 4/ in 1M HCl, 12M HCl, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (TRF) and tni-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) exhibit wide variations in the intensity and location of major absorption bands. The spectra are qualitatively interpreted as the result of activation of forbidden'' ...

Infrared absorption spectra of copper phthalocyanine in KBr pellet and pyridine solution in 400-1625 and 2900-3200 cm(-1)regions are reported. In the IR spectra of solid sample, presence of weak bands, which are forbidden according to the selection rules of D4h point group, is explained on the basis of distortion in the copper phthalocyanine molecule ...

A ratio spectrum of Pluto shows methane absorption bands at 6200, 7200, 7900, 8400, 8600, 8900, and 10,000 A. The heavy saturation of the 8900 band as compared to the other bands indicates a gaseous origin for the observed absorptions. A total methane abundance of 80 + or - ...

... Accession Number : ADD851838. Title : INFRARED ABSORPTION IN PHOSPHORUS DOPED SILICON AND THE D- BAND. ...

The solvent effects on the formation and reaction processes of intermediates in irradiated polystyrene (PS) in chlorinated hydrocarbon solutions have been studied by using pulse radiolysis. Both the intramolecular dimer cation radical (Ph2+.) and CT complex are confirmed clearly in pulse radiolysis of polystyrene solutions in CH2Cl2. The infrared absorption ...

We performed saturated absorption spectroscopy of acetylene (C?H?) ?? + ?? band transitions with an optical nanofiber (ONF). Owing to high-intensity light around the ONF, we observed a Lamb dip at relatively low-power laser (~10 mW) without a cavity. Our results showed that the simple ONF spectrometer is advantageous for performing ...

The spectra of anhydrous uranyl nitrate in organic solvents were investigated in the range from 360 to 500 m mu . The spectra retained their vibrational character in all investigated solvents and do not differ markedly from those of the sesquihydrate and other hydrates. The appearance of 10 absorption bands in the range 20,000 to 28,000 cm/sup ...

The most characteristic changes in infrared absorption spectra are observed in the region 1700 to 1500 cm/sup -1/ and 940 cm/sup -1/. Measurements of band intensities in these regions for the products of uranyl sorption on carboxymethylcellulose and dicarboxycellulose at various intervals of the sorption process, including the ...

... the parallel band and the perpendicular band. Bands of both the isotopic ... INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, VIBRATION, ROTATION, MOLECULAR ...

... PHOTOELECTRIC EMISSION, VALENCE, CONDUCTION BANDS, X RAY SPECTROSCOPY, BAND SPECTRA, X RAY ABSORPTION ANALYSIS, ...

Picosecond absorption spectroscopy is used to examine the position and band shape of the near infrared absorption band of hemoglobin as a function of time after the photodissociation of CO from carbonmonoxyhemoglobin. For the earliest delay time probed, 35 ps, the peak of the transient spectrum is at 765 nm, red ...

The study of molecular bands in the spectra of cool stars provides important information for an understanding of the stellar atmospheres. These bands include also some water vapor bands. Difficulties concerning a study of these bands arise as a result of telluric absorption. In view of these ...

A theoretical estimate of carrier-induced changes in absorption and refraction spectra in GaSb is presented. The partly phenomenological electron-hole plasma model including band filling, band-gap renormalization, screening of the Coulomb interaction and the free-carrier plasma effect is sued. A dominant contribution of the ...

Glasses of the composition 22Na/sub 2/O x 3CaO x 75SiO/sub 2/ were studied. It was established that gamma irradiation bleached part of the color centers. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy was performed on the glasses. No simple spectrally uniform decrease in absorption occurred, but the form of the spectrum changed significantly. Rough values were used ...

The optical absorption of ZnTe single crystals grown by the Bridgeman method has been studied from visible wavelengths to 50?, at temperatures from 1.4 to 300�K. Lattice combination bands are observed from which assignments of zone-boundary phonon energies are made: LO=TO=22, LA=16, TA=7�10-3 eV. The temperature dependence of the ...

Soft X-ray absorption spectra of Be, Al, Sb and Bi, and Al-Mg alloys have been obtained by the use of synchrotron radiation emitted from the 750 MeV electron synchrotron at the Institute for Nuclear Study, Tokyo, as a continuous light source. The K-absorption structure of beryllium was found to agree with the density of states calculated by Loucks and ...

I investigate the conditions upon which atmospheric absorption may participate to the observation of a diffuse interstellar band (DIB), and the implications it would have. A necessary condition is that the spectrum of reddened stars comprises a few percent of starlight forward scattered by the interstellar cloud on the line of ...

Near-infrared spectroscopy and photometry was obtained of comet Halley in December 1985 when its heliocentric distance was 1.19 AU. No water ice absorption or molecular band emission were observed. The interstellar 3.3-micron emission band was also not observed. The 3-micron spectrum of comet ...

The observed strength of the carbon dioxide absorption bands recorded on spectrobolograms of the transparency of the earth's atmosphere between wavelengths 300 and 2500 nanometers as part of the Smithsonian Solar Constant Program were used to extract the ...

One occasionally observes in flux-grown gallium and aluminum garnets a purple discoloration. Combined optical absorption, emission spectrographic and electron microprobe studies of crystals showing pronounced color banding indicate a direct correlation be...

Iron K-shell absorption in the Quasar PDS 456. Ratio to a Power-law model. Fe XVII XXIV. Fe XXV / XXVI . Highly Ionised Iron K edges ...

The infrared spectra of acyl halides possess a number of absorption bands in the low frequency region that are of analytical significance. Certain bending vibrations have been observed to be consistently located in the same position. The greater than expe...

Observational testing of the idea that the distribution of water is the key to understanding the volatile content of the asteroid belt relies on the exploration of the 3 micron absorption feature in hydrated silicates - the only diagnostic spectral band e...

The Mark II airborne spectroradiometer system was flown over several geologic test sites in western Nevada. The infrared mineral absorption bands were observed and recorded for the first time using an airborne system with high spectral resolution in the 2...

Paramagnetic ions in glass reside in a distribution of physically different environments. By using a tunable laser source, selected groups of ions within an inhomogeneously broadened absorption band are excited and line-narrowed fluorescence is observed. ...

Semiempirical dependences of the geometrical albedo and the reflection coefficient at the center of a planetary disk on the spherical albedo are found. The nonsteady analogs of these quantities are studied on the basis of the approximate equations obtained. These analogs can be used in the analysis of radiation transfer in forbidden molecular absorption ...

A silver colloid (mean particle size 6 nm) is prepared via photochemical reduction of Ag{sup +} ions. After total silver ion reduction, the colloid exhibits an extraordinarily intense surface plasmon absorption band. The absorption band is strongly damped by small concentrations of carbon disulfide, thiophenol, and ...

The absorption spectra of the F and M centers in RbF, RbCl, HbBr, and CsI were investigated as a function of pressure. In addition to the F and M bands, the No. 3 band and some other unidentified bands were also observed. The experiments were conducted at room temperature with both ...

Infra-red intersub-band absorption measurements were performed on p-type Ga(0.47)In(0.53)As/Al(0.48)In(0.52)As multiquantum wells using normally incident radiation. Several strong intersub-band absorption peaks were observed in the wavelength range 6-12 microns. The transition from the impurity ...

In heavily nitrogen doped GaP, we show how isoelectronic doping results in an impurity band, and how this is manifested as a large band-gap reduction and an enhanced band-edge absorption. Heavily doped GaP:N or GaP{sub 1-x}N{sub x} exhibits properties characteristic of both direct and indirect gap semiconductors. ...

A model is derived for the resonance absorption of molecular bands composed of Lorentzian lines is suitable for calculating fluorescence from irradiated air. The model is based on an explicit functional form derived for the resonance absorption of a singl...

Optical absorptions have been measured in chalcopyrite, CuFeS2, and Fe-doped CuAlS2 and CuGaS2. An extra absorption band with two peaks is observed at the low energy region of the absorption edge for Fe-doped CuAlS2 and CuGaS2. Energy positions of two absorption peaks are ...

The interpretation of the more than 300 diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) is one of the most long-standing problems in interstellar spectra since the two first bands were reported in 1921. We now predict the frequencies of 260 diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) using the Rydberg Matter model we have developed previously. These ...

When highly pure additively colored KCl crystals are heated in the dark at about 300 �C, F-band is suppressed and a long wavelength (LW) band at 730 nm is formed. The centers responsible for this LW band are mainly colloidal particles of potassium. The colloidal centers also give a Lorentzian EPR line with g = 1. 9998 and half width ...

Magnesian clays or clay-type minerals were conclusively detected in the martian regolith. Near-IR spectral observations of Mars using the Mauna Kea 2.2-m telescope show weak but definite absorption bands near microns. The absorption band positions and widths match those produced by combined OH ...

Absorption and linear dichroism spectra of self-assembled tubular aggregates of TPPS4 porphyrin are studied theoretically with special emphasis on the low energy part of the spectra (the Q band region) where the coupling with intramolecular vibrations is pronounced. The model Hamiltonian includes both the excitonic coupling between four molecular ...

Experimental observations of propane-air flames were performed. Measurements of hydroxyl (OH) radical concentration were made using resonance line absorption techniques. A microwave-pumped low pressure discharge in argon and water vapor is employed to produce strong OH radical band radiation in the 308 nm region. This radiation is ...

The differential absorption spectra of an V3+:Y3Al5O12 crystal were investigated by a picosecond pump-and-probe method. An analysis of the results led to the conclusion that the induced absorption bands observed in the 850-890 and 650-770 nm ranges were due to, respectively, the 1E(1D)?1T1(1G) and 1E(1D)?1E(1G), ...

The resonance Raman excitation profiles of a number of charge transfer transitions in electron donor/acceptor complexes with tetracyanoethylene as acceptor in solution at room temperature are reported and compared with absorption and fluorescence spectra of these complexes. All complexes show distinct anomalies which cannot be accounted for by existing theories unless they are ...

Potassium chloride and potassium bromide crystals were exposed to x rays at 10 deg K. The optical absorption produced by this irradiation and the changes in optical absorption produced by subsequent annealing at higher temperatures were measured. The temperatures at which changes in optical absorption occurred were correlated ...

Undoped and CuO-doped lithium phosphate, lead phosphate and zinc phosphate glasses were prepared. UV�visible and infrared absorption spectra of the prepared samples were measured before and after successive gamma irradiation. Experimental optical spectra of the undoped samples reveal strong UV absorption bands, which are attributed ...

The vapor of the metal was heated to about 1700�C in a carbon tube and hydrogen slowly admitted. Under these conditions several hydride bands were absorbed. The four bands found for copper hydride confirm the analysis of Frerichs. Eight silver hydride bands were absorbed which enabled us to form the n1n2 scheme. The five gold hydride ...

Circumstellar disks and envelopes of low-mass YSOs contain significant amounts of ice. Such icy material will evolve to volatile components of planetary systems, such as comets in our solar system. In order to investigate the composition and evolution of circumstellar ice around low-mass YSOs, we have observed ice absorption bands ...

The behavior of IR absorption bands with temperature has been examined systematically in the laboratory for three representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules: coronene, chrysene, and 1-methylcoronene. A careful description of both intensity and profile measured for most of the bands is reported. A tentative interpretation ...

Color centers have been observed in chrome alum crystals following their irradiation by x-rays. The absorption band thus produced has an apparent peak at 228 m?, and its intensity increases with the time of irradiation, tending to saturation. The color band decays spontaneously with time, the half-life time at room ...

Femtosecond time-resolved absorption anisotropy spectroscopy by multichannel detection has been developed. The charge transfer (CT) character and dynamics of the UV-photoexcited 9,9'-bianthryl (BA) in heptane, acetonitrile, and ethanol are revealed with this method. The transient absorption spectra are decomposed into two absorption ...

First order models for the combined depth and frequency dependence of Q are derived and tested using several independent constraints. (1) Using a microphysics approach, the adoption of an absorption band as a first-order model for the frequency dependence of Q is justified, and the expected depth behavior of relaxation times in the earth is derived. The ...

Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a recently developed nondestructive analytical technique that provides ultraviolet, visible, and infrared absorption spectra from intensely light scattering, solid, and/or optically opaque materials not suitable for conventional spectrophotometric analysis. In wood and other lignocellulosics, the principal ultraviolet ...

Absorption spectra of the isolated D1/D2/cytochrome b-559 complex have been measured in the temperature range 80-300 K. All spectra were analyzed in terms of a linear combination of Gaussian bands and the thermal broadening data interpreted in terms of a model in which the spectrum of each pigment site is broadened by (a) a homogeneous component due to ...

Optical absorption spectra of interplanetary dust particles 2-30 microns in size collected in the atmosphere at an altitude of 20 km by inertial impactors mounted on NASA U-2 aircraft are reported. Fourier transform absorption spectroscopy of crushed samples of the particles reveals a broad feature in the region 1300-800 kaysers which has also been found ...

Raman and visible absorption spectra of AlH3 were measured at high pressures in order to clarify the structural and electronic phase transitions. For the Raman results, abrupt decrease in Raman intensity was found at 30 GPa, implying that there exists a structural transition from the ? phase to higher pressure phase. Correspondingly, the spectral change in the optical ...

A number of sharp absorption bands in the infrared spectrum of crystalline alpha -quartz between 3200 and 3655 cm/sup -1/ were assigned to defects in the lattice. Defects containing water may cause a broad absorption through this region of the spectrum in very imperfect parts of certain crystals, but it does not contribute to ...

The energy loss of a 30-kev electron beam in films of LiF, LiCl, and LiBr were analyzed with a magnetic spectrograph. For LiF, the results are compared to the absorption curve in the ultraviolet. The rays observed seem due to the excitation of valence band electrons of the 2s band of F/sup -/ and the 1s ...

The vibrational overtone spectrum of H2O2 vapor between 7400 and 7600 A is recorded under both bulk gas and supersonic beam conditions. An absorption band corresponding to a Delta v = 4 O-H stretch is observed in this spectral region. Rotational analysis indicates that it is a hybrid band with mainly parallel ...

We present 0.8 2.4 ?m spectral observations of uranian satellites, obtained at IRTF/SpeX on 17 nights during 2001 2005. The spectra reveal for the first time the presence of CO2 ice on the surfaces of Umbriel and Titania, by means of 3 narrow absorption bands near 2 ?m. Several additional, weaker CO2 ice ...

absorption features of hydrous minerals: alunite in band 5 , sericite/ montmorillonite in band 6, kaolinite in bands 5 and 6 , and chlorite in band 7, ...

The high-resolution infrared absorption spectrum of an equilibrium mixture of HCN and HCl in a static gas long-path absorption cell is recorded in the 2500 2900 cm?1 spectral region at 205 K. The spectrum shows rovibrational structure which has the typical appearance of a parallel band of a linear molecule and is assigned to the ...

The role of adsorbed SO2 on Io's surface particles in producing the observed spectral absorption band near 4 ?m in Io's reflectance spectrum is explored. Calculations show that a modest 50% monolayer coating of adsorbed SO2 molecules on submicron grains of sulfur or alkali sulfide, assumed to make up Io's uppermost optical surface ...

The grille spectrometer observed the setting and rising sun 18 times during the Spacelab 1 mission. In addition to solar absorption lines, many of which had not been observed before, atmospheric spectral absorptions due to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were observed at heights tangent to ...

A series of small boron-containing molecules were synthesized in the gas phase using a tube furnace. High-resolution spectra of these species were recorded in either emission or absorption in the mid-infrared region using a Bruker IFS-125HR spectrometer. Our observations contain vibration-rotation bands of BO, the V1 and V3 ...

We present new reflectance spectra of Pluto and Triton taken with the ESO adaptive optics instrument NACO at the VLT and covering the wavelength range 1 5 �m. Apart from known and expected absorption bands from methane ice, our data reveal new absorption bands centred around 4.0 �m and 4.6 �m never detected ...

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), using polarization modulation and tunable diode laser excitation, has been applied to the study of the vibrational modes of subsurface oxygen on Al (111). The dependence of the spectra on O2 exposure and on annealing has been investigated at a resolution of about 10 to 20 cm (1.2 to 2.5 meV) and correlated with Auger data. ...

Enhancement spectra of the collision-induced absorption (CIA) in the first overtone region 5000-7000 cm?1 of D2 in D2-N2 were studied at 298 K for a base density of D2 of 73 amagat and for partial densities of N2 in the range 150-370 amagat. The observed spectra were modeled with a total of 1176 components of double vibrational transitions. Binary and ...

Optical absorption spectra (OAS) of synthetic single crystals of the solid solution spinel sensu stricto (s.s.)-magnesioferrite, Mg(Fe3+Al1-y)2O4 (0

Experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells are reported. The photoconductivity spectral response of the solar cells has a weak absorption band extending from the band-gap energy down to <1 eV due to charge-transfer optical excitation at the interface between the ...

The radiation effects by gamma -rays on the infrared absorption spectra of alkali halide crystals (LiF, KI-T1, and NaI-Tl) were investigated. In LiF crystal the 3595 cm/sup -1/ band caused by FH...Fanions has vanished completely at 4.4 x 10/sup 6/ r, the new absorption bands appeared at 1950 cm/sup ...

Enhancement spectra of the collision-induced absorption (CIA) of H2 in its first overtone region 7500 9500cm in binary mixtures H2 N2 and H2 CO were studied at 298 K for base densities of H2 in the range 89 145 amagat and for partial densities of N2 and CO in the range 19 392 amagat. The observed spectra confirm that the isotropic overlap induction is ...

Coherent emission from Ho/sup 3 +/ ions (2.1 ..mu..m) in a YIG host at 77/sup 0/K has been observed by optical pumping into the electronic absorption bands of the YIG host material, using (1) a pulsed Nd : glass laser to pump into the tail of the /sup 6/A/sub 1//subg/..-->../sup 4/T/sub 1//subg/ band (which has ...

We report on the observation of room temperature multi-band photocurrent response from a novel structure formed by interior loading of PbS quantum dots into carbon nanotubes grown on silicon. In addition to a mid infrared photoresponse band at ~ 0.22 eV due to the carbon nanotubes and one band at 1.1 eV ...

A method is presented for analyzing an absorption spectrum obtained from the interferogram measured by an interferometer operated in the solar occultation mode. In this mode the complete interferogram is smeared with various components of individual interferograms generated by rays passing through different tangent altitudes. It is shown that the effective tangent altitude of ...

A method is presented for analyzing an absorption spectrum obtained from the interferogram measured by an interferometer operated in the solar occultation mode. In this mode the complete interferogram is smeared with various components of individual interferograms generated by rays passing through different tangent altitudes. It is shown that the effective tangent altitude of ...

Photoconductivity measurements were conducted on Ca2+ charge compensated Cr4+: Yttrium aluminum garnet crystals in an attempt to validate a theoretical model for saturable absorption with excited state absorption that requires transitions to the conduction band. Photocurrent was induced by absorption of 1.06 ?m ...

Collision induced absorption (CIA) spectra of pure D2 in the first overtone region from 5250 to 7250 cm^{-1}, recorded at 77, 201 and 298 K, have been analyzed. The observed spectra at 77, 201 and 298 K were modelled by a total of 92, 214 and 267 components respectively of double vibrational transitions at room temperature of the type X2(J)+X0(J) and ...

We demonstrate that colloidal Cu(2-x)Se nanocrystals exhibit a well-defined infrared absorption band due to the excitation of positive charge carrier oscillations (i.e., a valence band plasmon mode), which can be tuned reversibly in width and position by varying the copper stoichiometry. The value of x could be incrementally varied ...

The optical absorption induced by x rays in germaniumdoped quartz was investigated using polarized light. The wavelengih range was 220--800 m mu , and the behavior of the various bands was examined over the temperature range of 77- 600 deg K. Absorption bands polarized in parallel to the optical axis were ...

The depth of the absorption feature near 1 micron in the reflectance spectra of immature lunar soils is determined primarily by the amount of pyroxene present in the soil. As a soil matures, the agglutinitic glass content increases and the Fe(2+) glass band dominates the absorption feature. An empirical relationship between the 1 ...

The 0^0_0, 4^1_0, 4^2_0 and 2^1_0 vibronic bands of the tilde{A} state NO_3 absorption spectrum has been successfully observed with our high-resolution, jet-cooled cavity ring-down apparatus. Ground state combination differences are used to analyze all four vibronic bands. Rotational transitions of the 4^1_0 ...

The optical absorption (OA), excitation, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ..cap alpha..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ crystals with cluster centers formed on irradiation by 16-MeV energy electrons and reactor neutrons are studied. A new type of complex centers is observed for OA at 382 nm and for PL at 399 nm in irradiated corundum. Zero-phonon transitions around ...

The absorption spectra of nitrous oxide and its /sup 15/N isotopes have been studied from 172 to 330 nm. The long wavelength absorption above 265 nm is shown to be almost entirely due to Rayleigh scattering. This reduces the calculated rate of nitrous oxide photolysis in the troposphere to a very small value. The temperature dependence of the ...

Linear spectral properties, including excitation anisotropy, of pseudoisocyanine or 1,1?-diethyl-2,2?-cyanine iodide (PIC) J-aggregates in aqueous solutions with J-band position at 573 nm were investigated. Two-photon absorption of PIC J-aggregates and monomer molecules was studied using an open aperture Z-scan technique. A strong enhancement of the ...

Absorption induced by irradiation was measured from 185 to 1500 nm, using a computer-controlled Cary 17I spectrophotometer. Results indicate that most conventional fiber core glasses develop significant absorption bands in the near uv, visible, and near infrared regions at low doses (less than 10$sup 4$ rad). In polystyrene, ...

We show that two-photon absorption (TPA) in rubidium atoms can be greatly enhanced by the use of a hollow-core photonic-band-gap fiber. We investigate off-resonant, degenerate Doppler-free TPA on the 5S1/2?5D5/2 transition and observe 1% absorption of a pump beam with a total power of only 1 mW in the fiber. These ...

We report the observation of the d ^3 ?g arrow a ^3 ?u (0,0) vibrational band of the C2 molecule in absorption and in emission in a microwave discharge. Input gases for the plasma consist of argon, hydrogen, and methane. The mole fraction of methane was varied as a parameter, from 33% to 1 %. The absorption is ...

An intense infrared absorption band has been observed in a hydrothermally grown ZnO crystal. At 12 K, the band peaks near 3577.3 cm-1 and has a half width of 0.40 cm-1, and at 300 K, the band peaks at 3547 cm-1 and has a half width of 41.3 cm-1. This absorption ...

We have measured the pump--probe spectrum for CaF{sub 2}:Sm{sup 2+} over a wide (360--1020 nm) spectral range. We observed gain throughout most of the 730-nm emission band, although there is some evidence of excited-state absorption (ESA) in this region. A much stronger ESA was observed near 500 nm. The temperature ...

Propagation of short period S-waves through the crust is strongly controlled by scattering and intrinsic absorption, and the total attenuation is caused by scattering loss and intrinsic absorption. High resolution maps of Japan of both seismic S-wave attenuation parameters are obtained by using the Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis (MLTWA) with data ...

KCl and KBr crystals were exposed to unfiltered quartz mercury arc radiation at 15/sup 0/K. If an OH band was present in the crystals before irradiation, the ultraviolet irradiation produced an optical absorption spectrum similar to that produced by x rays at 15/sup 0/K. The optical absorption spectrum and the changes in the ...

Recently recorded infrared spectra of diamondoid molecules ranging in size from adamantane to hexamantane have been analyzed for their astrophysical relevance. In particular, coadded spectra have been compared to the 3.47 ?m absorption band observed toward many dense clouds and to the emission bands around 3.5 ?m ...

The polarizations of representative bands in the singlet A2-singlet A1 systems of H2CO, D2CO, and HDCO are determined by analysis of rotational fine structure of the absorption spectra. In addition to bands of types A, B, and C, there are observed Corioli...

Sudden ionospheric disturbances (SID) observed in LF and HF bands exhibit the long-duration absorption of a signal (LAS) superimposed on the main effect. The LAS starts earlier than the main effect as a precursor and may serve to predict such SID events. A connection of the precursor with flare X-rays in 1-8 and 8-20-A wavelengths is ...

Infrared spectroscopy studies, of Li, and Cu-doped and Li-B compensated irradiated Si are reported. In Li-containing Si, divacancy-associated bands and several new bands were observed which are associated with at least three different defect complexes in ...

hot CO and H20 gas, as well as the absorption bands of. CO, CO2, H20 and "6.85 # m" ices. ... environment, such that it becomes optically ...... Elias 29, only a frac- tion of the band, as for high mass objects, can be explained ...

We combined high-resolution absorption spectroscopy in the gas-phase with anharmonic vibrational calculations to determine the anharmonic parameters of the fundamental vibrational modes of naphthalene and quinoline. Our work could provide new insights into the band-shape of some AIBs, particularly the blue-degraded 12.7 ?m band ...

Natural fluorite crystals containing oxygen impurities are colored electrolytically by using a pointed cathode and a flat anode at various temperatures and voltages. F and F(2) color centers are produced in colored fluorite crystals. O(2-)-V(a)(+), O(2-)-V(a)(+) aggregate, Yb(2+), Ce(3+) and Sm(2+) absorption bands are observed in ...

A study of x-ray-induced color centers in the CsCltype alkali halides is made at room, liquid nitrogen. and liquid helium temperatures. The gross features of this coloration are similar to those observed in NaCl-type halides, namely a principal absorption band in the visible portion of the spectrum with other ...

The existence of strong absorption bands of singly deuterated methane (CH3D) at wavelengths where normal methane (CH4) absorbs comparatively weakly could enable remote measurement of D/H ratios in methane ice on outer Solar System bodies. We performed laboratory transmission spectroscopy experiments, recording spectra at wavelengths from 1 to 6 ?m to study ...

Transformations of vacancy-related defects during isochronal annealing of electron-irradiated Si:Sn crystals were investigated by means of infrared absorption spectroscopy. A band at 4100cm-1 (the position at 300K) appeared in absorption spectra of the irradiated Si:Sn samples simultaneously with the disappearance of ...