An assessment of solar-powered cooling of buildings using Rankine cycle engines or absorption cycle equipment is presented. In this type of application thermal energy obtained from the sun would be used to drive a Rankine engine or an absorption cooling u...

The use of cool storage in conjunction with lithium bromide absorption chillers allows for improved operating conditions of the cooling subsystem. Significant performance degradation in the absorption cooling capacity is evident whenever the chiller cycles are on and off ...

The use of cool storage in conjunction with lithium bromide absorption chillers allows for improved operating conditions of the cooling subsystem. Significant performance degradation in the absorption cooling capacity is evident whenever the chiller cycles on and off during ...

A review of the current technology and achievements in the research and development of solar cooling systems is presented. Brief discussions on Rankine cycle engines, absorption refrigeration cycles, and open-cycle absorption systems are included.

The use of cool storage in conjunction with lithium bromide absorption chillers allows for improved operating conditions of the cooling subsystem. Significant performance degradation in the absorption cooling capacity is evident whenever the chiller cycle...

The use of cooling storage in conjunction with lithium bromide adsorption chillers allows for improved operating conditions of the cooling subsystem. Significant performance degradation in the absorption cooling capacity is evident whenever the chiller cycles are on and off during periods of ...

The Second Law of Thermodynamics is used to analyze solar powered absorption cooling cycles and systems. Irreversibility is used as a figure of merit for components and cycles. The irreversibility of individual components is determined for several solar-powered absorption ...

NREL is working to significantly reduce the life-cycle energy cost of solar absorption cooling technology; improve the technical feasibility of advanced-cycle solar...

This article will cover operating and maintenance considerations for gas cooling equipment with the primary focus on absorption chillers; including discussion of absorption cycles, the importance of maintaining vacuum, scheduled maintenance, controlling the rate of internal corrosion and purge systems.

The objective of this study was to provide an assessment of solar-powered cooling of buildings using Rankine cycle engines or absorption cycle equipment. In this type of application thermal energy obtained from the sun would be used to drive a Rankine eng...

The Lithium Bromide (Li-Br) absorption dual cycle avoiding the use of wet cooling tower is introduced. This cycle consists of two cycles; the high and low temperature level cycles. Each cycle, which is similar to the conventional ...

The status of absorption cycle solar air conditioning and the Rankine cycle solar cooling system is reviewed. Vapor jet ejector chillers, solar pond based cooling, and photovoltaic compression air conditioning are also briefly discussed. Hybrid solar cooling by direct and ...

The status of absorption cycle solar air conditioning and the Rankine cycle solar cooling system is reviewed. Vapor jet ejector chillers, solar pond based cooling, and photovoltaic compression air conditioning are also briefly discussed. Hybrid solar cooling by direct and ...

The possible use of solar energy powered absorption units to provide cooling and heating of residential buildings is studied. Both, the ammonia-water and the water-lithium bromide cycles, are considered. It is shown that the air cooled ammonia water unit ...

A comprehensive survey of the current state of the absorption cooling technology has been conducted. This survey discusses the basic and applied absorption cooling/heating technology, analyses the current state of the art including the discussion of limitations and possible solutions, identifies areas where ...

After a discussion of summer air conditioning requirements in the United States, active, hybrid, and passive cooling systems are defined. Active processes and systems include absorption, Rankine cycle, and a small variety of miscellaneous systems. The hybrid solar cooling and dehumidification technology of ...

A methodology is developed for the application of thermodynamic equations of state of fluids and fluid mixtures in evaluating working fluid combinations of absorption cooling cycles. Thermodynamic phase equilibrium formulation of this methodology is presented. In the application of this approach for the comparative study and choice of ...

The state-of-art in ammonia-water absorption cooling has been applied to an air-source heating-only heat-pump cycle which delivers its heat indoors via circulating liquid. The cycle is described, differences from the cooling application noted, and test results on a 14.65-kW (50,000 Btuh) input ...

If residential solar heating and cooling is to be universally usable across the country, air-cooled solar air conditioners must be developed in addition to present water-cooled systems. Absorption cycles that are suitable for air-cooled operation with solar heat at ...

Every solar refrigeration process suitable for arid land must work with an air cooled condenser and absorber. It is shown that such equipment can be made by adapting commercially available absorption machines to concentrators presently developed. Solar absorption cooling is compared to solar ...

Abstract: Improved performance of solar cooling systems using the lithium bromide water absorption cycle is investigated. Included are computer simulations ...

Abstract: Improved performance of solar cooling systems using the lithium bromide water absorption cycle is investigated. Included are computer simulations ...

Abstract: Improved performance of solar cooling systems using the lithium bromide water absorption cycle is investigated. Included are computer simulations ...

Requirements for cooling are related to the need to be able to maintain foodstuffs in good condition with the aid of refrigeration and the desirability to provide a comfortable indoor environment by air conditioning. The representation of the desired conditions in a room by a point on a psychrometric chart is considered together with processes of sensible ...

Solar cooling for commercial applications using open cycle absorption refrigeration systems was investigated. If an open cycle absorption can be operated as a chemical heat pump for winter heating operation, the system offers year round operation that makes the system economically viable for ...

A new selection criterion for solar powered dual absorption systems is presented, and a multidimensional definition for the coefficient of performance is suggested. The traditional definition, which does not define the heat input base, is found to create misleading results with respect to machine selection, causing the dual cycle to often be ignored. A ...

The feasibility of using a solar absorption refrigeration cycle for space cooling and heating is analyzed. Working mixtures considered are NH/sub 3/-H/sub 2/O and H/sub 2/O-LiBr. The properties of the cycle used for cooling and as a heat pump system are discussed with the aid of flow diagrams. ...

The absorption system is one of the most suitable techniques for utilising solar energy for air-conditioning purposes. Although it uses solar energy directly with minimum conversion, it consumes considerable quantities of water for the cooling tower. This is a serious disadvantage where solar energy is available whilst water is scarce. The main purpose of ...

The report describes the design, modelling and performance of an active solar cooling system in Northern Italy. Various aspects related with active solar cooling, like energy storage, room comfort, modelling and the LiBr - H2O absorption cycle are discuss...

Improved performance of solar cooling systems using the lithium bromide water absorption cycle is investigated. Included are computer simulations of a solar-cooled house, analyses and measurements of heat transfer rates in absorption system components, and design and fabrication of various ...

bottoming cycle and GT steam injection - STORES - Organic Rankine Cycle - SEECOT - Absorption Cooling of GT inlet air and GT steam injection Plant and Process Design Objectives A...

In the near future, heat pumps will start to flood the heating market. More generally, a market of systems usable for both heating and cooling is beginning to impose itself. This can be achieved by vapor-compression cycles, absorption cycles or others. Th...

The status of absorption cycle solar air conditioning and the Rankine cycle solar cooling system is reviewed. Vapor jet ejector chillers, solar pond based cooling, and photovoltaic compression air conditioning are also briefly discussed. Hybrid solar cool...

The development of a heat-actuated air conditioner that can operate with the temperatures available from flat plate solar collectors and use air cooling for disposal of the waste heat was explored using the ammonia water absorption cycle. Results of initial tests of an experimental system that fabricated to provide basic engineering ...

The state-of-the-art of solar cooling is evaluated to determine the near term performance potentials and life-cycle costs of the most promising approaches. The heat actuated absorption cycle, Rankine cycle, and desiccant dehumidification cycle are examined. The principles ...

In the design of solar collector/regenerators for use in open cycle absorption refrigeration (OCAR) units, the problem of predicting evaporation mtes and solution temperatures is of paramount importance in determining overall cycle performance. The govern...

The cooling of buildings is discussed and possible systems utilizing solar energy for this end are considered. The science of psychrometrics, which deals with the thermal properties of moist air, is introduced, and the three major processes for conditioning the atmosphere of a space, sensible cooling, cooling and dehumidification and ...

The development and proof testing of advanced absorption refrigeration cycle concepts is reported. The purpose is to develop a gas fired absorption heat pump for residential and small commercial applications that will produce a coefficient of performance of at least 1.6 Btu heating and .7 Btu of cooling per Btu of ...

A numerical model for the performance of an ammonia-water absorption cycle in solar air conditioning, refrigeration, and heat pump systems are presented. The configurations comprise a solar driven generator, a rectifier, condenser, evaporator, absorber, preheater, and a subcooler. Cooling modes involve supplying heat to the evaporator ...

The study deals with a solar system for refrigeration specially designed for remote areas. The thermodynamic cycle, using an ammonia-water absorption, only consumes thermal energy and is easy and cheap to produce by direct conversion of solar radiation. I...

After a discussion of summer air conditioning requirements in the United States, active, hybrid, and passive cooling systems are defined. Active processes and systems include absorption, Rankine cycle, and a small variety of miscellaneous systems. The hyb...

mission to provide nominal 19 K cooling to instruments for measuring the ... operated up to several thousand cycles to assess degradation in the sorbent hydride ... and absorption steps to provide compression and circulation of the hydrogen ...

Three solar-powered cooling concepts are analyzed and evaluated. These are: (1) the solar Rankine concept in which a Rankine cycle driven by solar energy is used to drive a vapor compression refrigeration machine, (2) the solar-assisted Rankine concept in which a Rankine cycle driven by both solar energy and fuel combustion is used to ...

Absorption chillers are heat-operate refrigeration without harmful environmental emissions (CFCs, HCFCS, and HFCS). The machine uses either steam or a gas-fired burner as the energy source and utilizes endothermic evaporation to provide refrigeration to an external process fluid, usually chilled water. In the United States, absorption chillers are used in ...

The development of energy efficient, thermally activated heat pumps for heating and cooling is reported. A breadboard system with a 32.5%-BHP-efficient linear engine in the final phase of steady state was tested. The absorption heat pump advanced cycle program is in progress. Analysis confirms the level of potential and preferred ...

A flexible modular computer code was developed for simulation of absorption systems. The code is capable to investigate, on a comparable basis, various cycles configurations with a variety of working fluids. In Phase 1 of the program, two open cycle absorption systems for solar energy were successfully simulated. ...

A flexible modular computer code was developed for simulation of absorption systems. The code is capable to investigate, on a comparable basis, various cycles configurations with a variety of working fluids. In Phase 1 of the program, two open cycle absorption systems for solar energy were successfully simulated. ...

This primer on gas cooling systems explains the basics of heat exchange within a refrigeration system, the principle of reverse-cycle refrigeration, and how a gas-engine-driven heat pump can provide cooling, additional winter heating capacity, and hot water year-round. Gas cooling equipment available or under ...

The potential for improved solar cooling economics has not been realized. The absorption cycle, and heat activated Rankine engine suffer from low efficiency. Desiccant cooling is simple and can acheive a Coefficient of Performance (COP) double that of the other systems. The basic desiccant system technology is ...

Engineers and owners have a wide range of comfort cooling equipment selection options. These choices include gas-energized units utilizing either the absorption cycle or the vapor compression cycle and desiccant cooling equipment. Gas cooling equipment is found in many ...

Cloud-top radiative cooling. - No diurnal cycle in cooling amount. ( Net cloud cooling = in-cloud cooling + ... Radiative cooling? diurnal separation ...

... Accession Number : ADA037448. Title : Heat Absorption of Cooling Columns (O Teplopogloshchenii Zamorazhivaiushchikh Kolonok),. ...

Research on solar air conditioning at the University of Riyadh in Riyhadh, Saudi Arabia is presented. Topics relevant to the university's proposed solar cooling laboratory are discussed: absorption systems and various contingencies, photovoltaic solar collectors and thermoelectric elements, measuring instruments, solar radiation measurement and ...

Air-cooled geothermal plants suffer substantial decreases in generating capacity at increased ambient temperatures. As the ambient temperature rises by 50 F above a design value of 50 F, at low brine-resource temperatures, the decrease in generating capac...

Two open-type solar cooling systems are described and compared: (1) the dehumidification-humidification (DH) system and (2) Baum's system which consists only of evaporator and absorber, and with the generator in the open air. The DH systems are shown to be more efficient in the three climates in which tests were conducted (hot dry, hot humid, and Mediterranean). Some ...

About ten minutes after reactor pneumatic tube irradiation (10 to 50 sec) of KBr samples, optical absorption and luminescence were studied during heating-cooling cycles. The induced radioactivity acting as an internal source of irradiation is found to play a dominant role and is responsible for some anomalous results. (auth)

Feasibility was demonstrated in Phase I of the project aimed at developing a gas-fired absorption air conditioner/heater. The system is air-cooled and therefore does not require a cooling tower; and uses conventional absorption fluids (lithium bromide/water) in an efficient double-effect cycle ...

Generally, the basis of efficiency calculations and optimization studies of absorption cycles is the first law of thermodynamics. It is often argued that a first-law analysis does not produce all the information needed to optimize the absorption system. According to this line of thought, only an analysis based on the second law of ...

The results of performance evaluations for nine solar cooling systems are presented, and reasons fow low or high net energy balances are discussed. Six of the nine systems are noted to have performed unfavorably compared to standard cooling systems due to thermal storage losses, excessive system electrical demands, inappropriate control strategies, poor ...

A study is presented of solar air conditioning systems based on ammonia-water as the refrigerant-absorbent pair, with particular attention given to the types of absorption cycles which may be suitable. The use of double effect distillation, double evaporation, and heat recuperation for improving cycle efficiency is discussed. ...

Absorption refrigeration technology can be an economical and cost effective means of reducing energy cost and/or improving the efficiency and output of your process. We believe the potential benefits of absorption refrigeration technology have generally been overlooked by the process industry. This paper will address the application of the lithium ...

In this report, Rankine-cycle heat pumps and absorption heat pumps (ammonia-water and lithium bromide-water) have been analyzed and optimized for a lunar base cooling load of 100 kW. For the Rankine cycle, a search of several commonly used commercial refr...

A solar-assisted cooling system is very attractive because the available solar energy and the required cooling load are generally in phase. Of all the solar-assisted cooling methods developed to date, the absorption cooling system and the desiccant dehumidification/evaporative ...

Reconcentration of a lithium chloride solution in an open cycle absorption chiller can be accomplished by passing solar heated air through a packed column to which the dilute solution is supplied. Following a theoretical study of heat transfer and water vapor transfer rates in the column, experimental measurement of those rates was made. Heat transfer and ...

This annual report presents work performed during calendar year 1993 by the Florida Solar Energy Center under contract to the US Department of Energy. Two distinctively different solar powered indoor climate control systems were analyzed: the open cycle liquid desiccant dehumidifier, and an improved efficiency absorption system which may be fired by flat ...

In this paper, life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of waste heat operated vapour absorption air conditioning system (VARS) incorporated in a building cogeneration system is presented and discussed. The life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) based on present worth cost (PWC) method, which covers the initial costs, operating costs, maintenance ...

A method of improving the energy consumption of absorption cooling plants, according to which the solution residue from the evaporator of an absorption cooling plant is employed for the rectification of the vapor of the cooling medium is described.

The environmental impacts, both adverse and beneficial, of cooling reservoirs are compared to cooling towers as an alternative closed cycle cooling system. Generally, the impacts associated with the construction of a cooling reservoir system are greater t...

This report presents the results of a research study to identify new and potentially improved fluid systems for solar-powered absorption cooling. The study included a thorough state-of-the-art review, screening of alternative candidates, data development of the most promising candidates, and cycle calculations to evaluate the best ...

Heat-activated cooling is refrigeration or air conditioning driven by heat instead of electricity. A mill or processing facility can us its waste fuel to air condition its offices or plant; using waste fuel in this way can save money. The four basic types of heat-activated cooling systems available today are absorption ...

The performance of three combined absorption/vapor compression cycles for gas-fired internal combustion engine driven heat pumps was theoretically assessed. Two cycles were selected for the preliminary design of breadboard systems using only off-the-shelf components. The first cycle, based on the working pair ...

A detailed analysis of the solar absorption cooling process as represented by the NSDN system is presented. There is comprehensive data on eight solar cooling systems in the NSDN. Among these eight systems solar cooling by an absorption chiller is not a c...

This report provides a detailed analysis of solar absorption cooling and solar Rankine cooling processes as represented by the National Solar Data Network (NSDN) systems. There is comprehensive data on four absorption chiller cooling systems and one Ranki...

This report provides a detailed analysis of solar absorption cooling and solar Rankine cooling processes as represented by the National Solar Data Network (NSDN) systems. Five solar cooling systems were monitored in 1982; four of these have absorption chi...

It is shown that the performance of single-state ammonia/water absorption cycles (COPs up to 0.8) is appreciably superior to that of commercial single-state water/lithium bromide appliances (COPs up to 0.72), with ammonia/water cycles having the additional advantage of satisfactory operation with air cooling and in ...

... Accession Number : ADA108254. Title : Performance Analysis of Vapour Cycle Cooling Systems,. Corporate Author : AERONAUTICAL ...

... are discussed. The KLIN cycle consists of a thermally integrated deeply cooled turbojet and a liquid rocket engine. The ...

Laser cooling techniques to produce ultracold (T<1?K) atoms have lead to rapid advances in a wide array of fields. However, extending laser cooling to molecules has remained elusive. The primary problem is that laser cooling requires a large number (>104) of photon absorption/emission ...

A computer simulation has been conducted to investigate the performance of an absorption heat pump, based on the Generator-Absorber Heat Exchange (GAX) cycle employing ammonia-water as the working fluid pair. The particular feature of this cycle is the ability to recover heat from the absorber and employ it to partially heat the ...

A computer simulation of solar powered absorption air conditioning systems is discussed. The results of simulations of various systems composed of conventional flat plate or evacuated tube collectors, wet or dry cooling towers, lithium bromide-water or aqua-ammonia working fluids and hot water, chilled water or refrigerant storage alternatives are obtained ...

A computer simulation of solar powered absorption air conditioning systems is discussed. The results of simulations of various systems composed of conventional flat plate or evacuated tube collectors, wet or dry cooling towers, lithium bromide-water or aqua-ammonia working fluids and hot water, chilled water or refrigerant storage alternatives are obtained ...

Techniques for converting solar energy into mechanical energy for use in small-to-large scale refrigeration systems are examined. The systems considered included a Rankine cycle, 106 kW system coupled to 58 sq m of flat plate collectors, photovoltaic panels with storage in the form of ice, a positive ventilation and ice bank cooling system, ammonia-water ...

A lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine, using a water solution of lithium bromide as the

A theoretical thermodynamic analysis is conducted for an ideal closed regenerative Brayton cycle powered by solar energy. For cooling, the coefficient of performance, or COP, can be as high as 2.9 for a peak temperature of 426.7 C (inlet air temperature to turbine) and decreases to 1.3 for a peak temperature of 260 C. For these temperatures the solar ...

The report describes the results of the first phase of effort in the development of the Battelle Absorption Heat Pump (BAHP). The BAHP is based on the dual-cycle concept which thermally links two conventional single-effect absorption cycles yielding a high-performance system without the need for high pressures or ...

Previous open-cycle absorption modeling studies have been very limited and included only the solar collection part of the system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the critical parameters necessary in order to have a viable system and to evaluate the potential for use of this type of system in various climatic regions of the United States. ...

A comprehensive survey of the current state of the absorption cooling technology has been conducted. This survey discusses the basic and applied absorption cooling/heating technology, analyses the current state of the art including the discussion of limit...

The main work involves the experimental study to determine transient and cycling performance characteristics of an advanced solar absorption chiller. Laboratory tests of the second generation Arkla chiller (Solaire 36, model WF36), using the BNL simulator, have been performed. Chiller performance has also been measured against fast and slow ...

All the available experimental evidence suggests that the optimum ''organic'' absorbent/refrigerant combination would be a methane derivative with a single hydrogen atom with chlorine and fluorine atoms in the other sites, as refrigerant. This would be hydrogen bonded to an absorbent molecule containing the group =NC/sup -/O, with the substituent groups being ...

All the available experimental evidence suggests that the optimum organic absorbent/refrigerant combination would be a methane derivative with a single hydrogen atom with chlorine and fluorine atoms in the other sites, as refrigerant. This would be hydrogen bonded to an absorbent molecule containing the group =NC-O, with the substituent groups being such that no steric hindrance took place. ...

This report presents the results of a preliminary study concerning the use of high speed turbomachinery in a solar-assisted Rankine cooling cycle. The use of Rankine cycles in solar powered cooling of buildings involves a solar collector to provide energy to heat and vaporize a working fluid. Energy is extracted ...

This invention relates to heating and cooling systems and more particularly to an improved system utilizing a Stirling Cycle engine heat pump in a refrigeration cycle. 18 figs.

This invention relates to heating and cooling systems and more particularly to an improved system utilizing a Stirling Cycle engine heat pump in a refrigeration cycle.

... Title : Transient Optimization of a Brayton Cycle ... Brayton cycle, Performance( Engineering), Optimization, Cooling, Rates, Transients. ...

We consider theoretically a mechanism for laser cooling in rare-earth-doped low-phonon materials based simultaneously on two cooling cycles: a traditional cooling cycle with an anti-Stokes fluorescence transition as well as an infrared-to-visible upconversion cycle, to ...

Four small-scale commercial size solar cooling systems being tested in Arizona as part of the SOLERAS program are described, together with 1981 performance summaries. A 63 kW air-cooled Rankine cycle system powered by parabolic troughs is used to cool a one-story office building. The system has both hot and cold ...

Solar icemaking is a logical technology for developing countries. If solar radiation is harnessed for cooling purposes, the peak supply of useful energy will generally coincide with peak demand for refrigeration, while the use of the solar cooling effect to produce ice will provide energy storage during low radiation periods. This report provides a brief ...

This study deals with a solar system for refrigeration specially designed for remote areas conditions. So, it must be very simple and reliable, and in addition it must be also mechanically self-operating. The thermodynamic cycle used is an ammonia-water absorption one. It consumes only thermal energy, which is easily and cheaply converted directly from ...

, GAX cycle, dual-fired generator, indirect fired generator, solar heating, absorption heat pump. #12;2.8, and heating COP's approaching 1.7. A solar fired heat pump could provide the space heating needs of a building a new dual-fired (gas-solar) generator for their 5-ton ammonia-water (NH3-H2O) air-cooled ...

... Title : KINETIC COOLING OF A GAS BY ABSORPTION OF CO SUB 2 LASER RADIATION-APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, V20, NO3, P129-132. ...

This study deals with a solar system for refrigeration specially designed for remote areas conditions. So, it must be very simple and reliable, and in addition it must be also mechanically self-operating. The thermodynamic cycle used is an ammonia-water a...

Sessions included: HFC blown polyurethanes, carbon dioxide blown foam and extruded polystyrenes, plastic foam insulations, evacuated panel insulation, refrigeration and air conditioning, absorption and adsorption and stirling cycle refrigeration, innovative cooling technologies, and natural refrigerants. Selected papers have been ...

A two-dimensional analysis of steady laminar natural convection in an open ended parallel plate channel is presented for combined heat and mass transfer. Symmetric and asymmetric boundary conditions of uniform wall temperature and concentration (UWT/C) an...

A second volume containing the appendices to the report on the development of high efficiency vapor compression cycle heat pumps for use in solar assisted heat pump (SAHP) systems is presented. A water source heat pump and a solar powered absorption chill...

In FY 1984, LBL's research on solar energy included: passive approaches to heating, cooling, and lighting of commercial buildings; thermal storage materials; and advanced aperture materials. Thermodynamic cycles that can potentially increase the efficiency of solar-driven absorption air conditioners are being studied. ...

... Title : THE STUDY AND EVALUATION OF ABSORPTION-BASED COOLING SYSTEMS FOR USE IN CIVIL DEFENSE SHELTERS. ...

From Conference on solar heating and cooling systems operational results; Colorado Springs, Co, USA (28 Nov 1978). The solar energy system for the Study Center consists of an 8000 sq ft array of selectively coated, single-glazed collectors, a 5000 gallon pressurized tank for hot storage in the cooling mode, and a 10,000 gallon tank, which is used for hot ...

The paper give results of a study of operational and environmental impacts of closed cooling systems, used for about a quarter of the nation's steam-electric generating capacity. Conclusions relating to operational impacts include: (1) closed cycle cooling leads to increased power plant heat rates relative to an open ...

Open cycle adsorption and absorption systems are examined. The different dehumidifier bed configurations are the distinguishing features of these systems. The basic operating principles of each dehumidifier concept are explained along with some discussion of their comparative features. Performance predictions developed by SERI for a solar desiccant solar ...

A novel ammonia-water thermodynamic cycle, capable of producing both power and refrigeration, was proposed by D. Yogi Goswami. The binary mixture exhibits variable boiling temperatures during the boiling process, which leads to a good thermal match between the heating fluid and working fluid for efficient heat source utilization. The cycle can be driven by ...

The systems approach to heating and cooling is considered in terms of the collectors, heat storage, heat pumps, air cooling absorption units, heat exchangers, circulating devices, and controls. (WDM)

This report addresses three candidate engine cycles for a particle bed nuclear rocket; bleed cycle with uncooled carbon - carbon composite nozzle; bleed cycle with regeneratively cooled Aluminum nozzle; expander cycle with regeneratively cooled Aluminum n...

Attention is given to calculations of the energy use of buildings, innovations of the heat pump cycle, rating of refrigerant-to-air heat transfer equipment, and energy conservation through improved fenestration treatment. Solar heating and cooling systems are considered with particular emphasis on the University of Pennsylvania solar ...

The solar energy system for the Study Center consists of an 8000 ft/sup 2/ array of selectively coated, single-glazed collectors, a 5000 gallon pressurized tank for hot storage in the cooling mode, and a 10,000 gallon tank, which is used for hot storage in the heating mode and cold storage in the cooling mode. Either of two chillers may be used in series ...

The objective is research, development and demonstration of a double-effect generator cycle absorption heat pump for the residential and small commerical markets. A 3RT advanced breadboard air-to-air reverse cycle heat pump was designed, fabricated and tested and the heating and cooling targets were achieved. The ...

An often overlooked key to satisfactory operation and longevity of any mechanical device is proper operation and maintenance in accordance with the manufacturer`s written instructions. Absorption chillers, although they use a different technology than the more familiar vapor compression cycle to produce chilled water, operate successfully in a variety of ...

A long-life Joule-Thomson refrigerator which is heat powered, involves no sealing, and has few mechanical parts is desirable for long-term sensor cooling in space. In the gas-sorption J-T refrigerator, cooling is achieved by gas sorption (either adsorption or absorption) processes. Currently, a modular, single-stage refrigerator is ...

A new absorption cycle, using heat as the energy source, was proposed to produce refrigeration. This proposed cycle, referred to as the single-effect regenerative absorption cycle or cycle 1R, has a performance much superior to the well-known basic absorp...

This article describes research to develop efficient gas-fired heat pumps heat and cool buildings without CFCs. Space heating and cooling use 46% of all energy consumed in US buildings. Air-conditioning is the single leading cause of peak demand for electricity and is a major user of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Advanced energy conversion technology can ...

Transient and cycling performance characteristics of an advanced, solar absorption chiller were investigated. The results of the various combinations of on/off cycling runs showed that the net capacity loss during the start-up transient period could be significantly reduced when the residual cooling capacity ...

An experimental study was conducted for the procurement of transient and cycling performance characteristics of an advanced, solar absorption chiller. The results of the various combinations of on/off cycling runs showed that the net capacity loss during the start-up transient period could be significantly reduced when the residual ...

This report describes the modifications and repairs made to the 200 ton absorption refrigeration pilot plant since April 1992, when Clarkson University assumed responsibility for it. Current operating problems and the performance of the plant, achieved to date, are detailed. Performance has been limited by small air leaks into the absorption section of the ...

The purpose of this model is to calculate the costs of residential space heating, space cooling, and sanitary water heating or process heating (cooling) using geothermal energy from a hydrothermal reservoir. The model can calculate geothermal heating and cooling costs for residential developments, a multi-district city, or a point ...

A solar-powered cooling system which promises high system C.O.P.'s and low collector costs is analyzed. It consists of a desiccant and an absorption cooling system operating in series to both dry and cool the air. A common solution of lithium chloride is used as the absorbant. The lithium chloride solution ...

In summer absorption refrigerating machines provide cold water using excess heat from municipal thermoelectric power plant through district heating pipelines, which reduces peak electric load from electricity networks in summer. The paper simulates annual dynamic load of a real project to calculate the first investments, annual operation cost and LCC (life ...

... EFFECT, LIQUID HELIUM, THERMOELECTRIC COOLING, STIRLING CYCLE, MAGNETIC MATERIALS, SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES, COOLING ...

... LIQUID HELIUM, THERMOELECTRIC COOLING, STIRLING CYCLE, MAGNETIC MATERIALS, SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES, COOLING ...

... Descriptors : *NUCLEAR EXPLOSION DETECTION, *COOLING, *GERMANIUM, CRYOSTATS, NOISE POLLUTION, STIRLING CYCLE ...

energy budget and radiative cooling of the thermosphere. ... integrated radiative cooling rate), the variability of the power as given in the standard ...

... Transpiration and water cooling techniques in combined cycles permit the attainment of efficiencies exceeding fifty percent. ...

Absorption chillers are gaining global acceptance as quality comfort cooling systems. These machines are the central chilling plants and the supply for cotnfort cooling for many large commercial buildings. Virtually all absorption chillers use lithium bro...

Cool star winds can best be observed in resonance absorption lines seen in the spectrum of a hot companion, due to the wind passing in front of the blue star. We calculated absorption line profiles that would be seen in the ultraviolet part of the blue co...

A flow sheeting program, SHPUMP, was developed for simulating different absorption heat cycles. The program consists of ten different modules which allow the user to construct his own absorption cycle. The ten modules configurate evaporators, absorbers, g...

A fragment of a Cu-15Zn-6Al (mass%) shape memory alloy (SMA), in hot rolled-water quenched condition, was subjected to thermal cycling performed by means of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) device. Each cycle comprised controlled heating, isothermal maintaining, and free air-cooling, repeated three times, up to maximum ...

A fragment of a Cu-15Zn-6Al (mass%) shape memory alloy (SMA), in hot rolled-water quenched condition, was subjected to thermal cycling performed by means of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) device. Each cycle comprised controlled heating, isothermal maintaining, and free air-cooling, repeated three times, up to maximum ...

This presentation discusses a supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle control strategy for autonomous liquid metal-cooled reactors.

... to compressor 2 (kPa) .4. Potential energy per second ... the performance of a vapour cooling cycle ... with a portable Tektronix 214 Storage Oscilloscope ...

Performance simulation has been carried out for several LiBr/H2O triple-effect cycles using the Absorption Simulation Model (ABSIM) . The systems investigated include the three-condenser-three-desorber (3C3D) cycle, forming an extension of the conventional double-effect cycle; and two cycles ...

Phytoplankton spectral absorption in the Southern Ocean: preliminary results from ... We will present preliminary data on phytoplankton spectral absorption ...

SUPER COOL. Unit: Salinity Patterns & the Water Cycle ... and salt to cool foods .) o Ask students to think of other applications of salt-ice interactions ...

... cooling cycle took �100�120 h of fan time to move the cooling front through the grain mass. When one cooling ... ...

... reducing the cooling air taken from the gas turbine cycle for blade cooling. ... specially designed wind tunnel in which a fully developed turbulent ...

Air-cooled geothermal plants suffer substantial decreases in generating capacity at increased ambient temperatures. As the ambient temperature rises by 50 F above a design value of 50 F, at low brine-resource temperatures, the decrease in generating capacity can be more than 50%. This decrease is caused primarily by increased condenser pressure. Using mixed-working fluids has ...

A thermal cycling absorption process (TCAP) for hydrogen isotope separation has been in operation at Savannah River Site since 1994. The process uses a hot/cold nitrogen system to cycle the temperature of the separation column. The hot/cold nitrogen system requires the use of large compressors, heat exchanges, valves and piping that is ...

The calculation and analysis of thermal cycle optimum parameters for nuclear power stations using gas for cooling in the primary cycle and steam in the secondary cycle are reported. The steam superheater uses conventional fuel. (auth)

... Accession Number : ADA095590. Title : Effect of Hydrogen Absorption- Desorption Cycle on the Magnetic Susceptibility of CeNi4Al,. ...