... absorption edge was utilized to image single gamma-Fe203 nanocrystals of 10 ... the x-ray absorption spectrum of a single nanocrystal are observed ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Polychromatic phase-contrast radiography differs from traditional (absorption-only) radiography in that the method requires at least a partially coherent x-ray source and the resulting images contain information about the phase shifts of x-rays in addition to the traditional absorption information. In a typical embodiment, this effect ...
Energy Citations Database
... Title : THE SHAPE OF THE ABSORPTION EDGE OF AMORPHOUS GERMANIUM, SILICON, INDIUM ANTIMONIDE, GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE ...
... Title : Scattering Coefficients and the Absorption Edge of Longitudinal Coherent Sound Waves in Selected Inhomogeneous Materials. ...
From nuclear science symposium; San Francisco, California, USA (14 Nov 1973). Work has been continued on the development of techniques for imaging spatial elemental distributions by means of differential absorption about the K- absorption edge of the particular element Z. A method to correct for spurious ...
DOE Information Bridge
... of this systematic investigation is to gain further understanding of the details of various absorption features in the vicinity of the K absorption edge of ...
The detection of chemical mapping with a spatial resolution of 30?nm has been achieved with a scanning transmission X-ray microscope at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. For each specimen, two absorption images were scanned separately with energies E(1) and E(2): E(1) was focused on the absorption edge ...
PubMed
for mic- rotoming. SAN-g-PB samples were sectioned under cryogenic conditions. PC, SAN, PC/SAN, and PAN-shell absorption edge, the dark spots observed in the image [Fig. 4(a)] are titanium dioxide particles and clusters transparent to X rays, and no contrast between the polymeric phases is observed. The titanium dioxide
E-print Network
... Title : SHIFT OF THE EDGE OF SELF-ABSORPTION IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD OF CdTe SINGLE CRYSTALS AND FILMS,. ...
... Accession Number : AD0261240. Title : OPTICAL TRANSITIONS NEAR THE ABSORPTION EDGE IN CDS. I. - BAND STRUCTURE IN CDS. ...
... Accession Number : AD0624534. Title : ABSORPTION EDGE SPECTRUM OF SCANDIUM OXIDE,. Corporate Author : AEROSPACE ...
... ionized air vs. photon energy. The absorption edge is at the energy of the K absorption edge of nitrogen. effective mass ...
... in 1981 [1]. The difference in X-ray absorption by iodine contrast material at energies just above and just below the iodine K-edge energy has been ...
... 58, � = 6.77g/cm3, K-edge = 40.4keV ... simulation code (developed in the X-ray Imaging Research ... a line profile under ideal absorption and scatter ...
and absorption-edge computed microtomography to image metal compartmentalization in Alyssum murale. Environ. Sci.A. Marcus, R.L. Chaney, and D.L. Sparks. 2007. Hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale relies on a different metal
When deprived of nutrients, spore forming bacilli produce endospores which are remarkably resistant to chemical sterilization. Little is known about the morphology and response fo these spores following exposure to sporocidal agents. Light microscopy does...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Chemical-specific x-ray linear dichroism was observed in an x-ray microscope as evidenced by changes in relative contrast upon azimuthal rotation of the sample. As a demonstration, thin sections of a partially ordered polymer fiber were examined with a transmission x-ray microscope near the carbon K-shell absorption edge to provide chemical-specific ...
We investigated Co/Cu lateral spin valves by means of high-resolution transmission soft x-ray microscopy with magnetic contrast that utilizes x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). No magnetic XMCD contrast was observed at the Cu L{sub 3} absorption edge, which should directly image the spin accumulation in Cu, although electrical ...
For incident X-ray beams of greater than 60 kVp, intensifying screens of rare earth phosphors produced higher radiographic image contrast in the presence of scattered radiation than did screens of calcium tungstate. This was attributed to fundamental energy absorption interaction differences. X-ray absorption is a function of the ...
To image molecule or element distribution in a cell, XANES of such biomolecules in a cellular environment give direct information about photon energy choosing for imaging. This study describes XANES of dried Chinese hamster ovary cells in the pellet form at the N, O, P and S-K absorption edges. In addition, XANES ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
... the x-ray absorption edges. Tungsten and carbon have edges about 7 and 44 A corresponding to the tungsten M edges and the carbon K edge ...
Image reconstruction for computerized x-ray tomography requires exact evaluation of the optimum quantum energy E/sub 0/. If E/sub 0/ lies in the region of the absorption edges, where ..mu..(E) is nonmonotone, one can use energy-dispersive detectors. The nonlinear corrections are estimated. Measurements have been made with Si(Li) ...
The surface temperature distribution of a GaAs wafer, heated under vacuum, has been measured using a digital camera. A method is proposed to remove parasitic signals from the image. The accuracy of the thermal image is validated by comparing the results with a separate measurement from absorption band-edge ...
Digital in-line soft x-ray holography (DIXH) was used to image immobilized polystyrene and iron oxide particles and to distinguish them based on their different x-ray absorption cross sections in the vicinity of the carbon K-absorption edge. The element-specific information from the resonant DIXH ...
One of the difficulties in X-ray imaging is the need to record a wide dynamic range of intensities on the detector. For example, some rays may miss the object being imaged entirely while others may suffer many orders of magnitude attenuation in passing through. In K-edge subtraction (KES) [E. Rubenstein, et al., Trans. Am. Clin. ...
Qualitative phase contrast (QPC) imaging is a powerful tool to assess objects or composites with low or nearly the same attenuation coefficient resulting in a low absorption contrast. QPC imaging provides additional information like enhanced contrast at edges and interfaces as well as the possibility to separate ...
... image acquisition [1]. MR images provide excellent soft tissue contrast ... d) Fuzzy clustering - biased image. ... image using each of the two sets of edge ...
An evaluation of suitable edge discrimination techniques and their application to image segmentation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
iron K absorption edge. This decline is too broad for a single edge, and instead ... constrain the iron K absorption feature evident in Figure 6. ...
NASA Website
... K-edge and L-edge absorptions are the only ... dichroism (MCD), or more specifically x-ray MCD (XMCD ... of the difference between the absorption of left ...
... Title : STRUCTURE OF K X-RAY ABSORPTION EDGES OF ARGON AND KRYPTON IN GASEOUS AND SOLID STATES. ...
X-ray spectroscopy codes were applied to achieve quantitative interpretation of x-ray absorption near edge structure
X-ray absorption edge observation by transmittance measurements through thin unbacked metal films in
... Descriptive Note : Final technical rept., 1 Feb 64-31 Jan 66. ... of the sensitivity of absorption edge position to valence in a series of iron compounds. ...
A near-infrared image sensor with monolithically integrated Ge photodiodes is demonstrated. The technology for the integration of the Ge photodiodes into the CMOS process is outlined, and the measurement results of test-diodes and the full imager are discussed in detail. The heterojunction-photodiodes show a quantum efficiency of about 30% up to a ...
In this paper we compare different edge detectors based on peak signal to noise ratio on Echocardiographic images. Edge detection is a critical element in image processing, since edges contain a major function of image information. The function of edge ...
Plasmon-resonant gold nanorods (GNRs) can serve as imaging agents for spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT). The aspect ratio of the GNRs are adjusted for maximum absorption in the far red to create a partial spectral overlap with the low-wavelength edge of the near-infrared SOCT imaging band. The ...
An edge-enhanced imaging technique using the X-ray refraction effect for high contrast outline imaging have been investigated using a third generation of synchrotron radiation source. This technique can be applied to imaging of soft tissues that can not be imaged by conventional ...
... measurements demonstrate that the particles are superparamagnetic with a blocking temperature T about 55 K. The optical absorption edge of the ...
... Title : IMPURITY ABSORPTION DUE TO TRANSITIONS TO CONDUCTION BAND EDGE REGION IN PHOSPHORUS-DOPED SILICON. ...
A method of image edge detection using the Hopfield neural network (HNN) is proposed in this paper. The image edge parameters are introduced in detail, and the energy function of HNN is given based on the edge parameters. Tests on the image edge ...
We investigated Co/Cu lateral spin valves by means of high-resolution transmission soft x-ray microscopy with magnetic contrast that utilizes x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). No magnetic XMCD contrast was observed at the Cu L{sub 3} absorption edge, which should directly image the spin accumulation in Cu. Although electrical ...
Plane-wave topographs of X-rays for the GaAs 200 reflection were recorded using synchrotron radiation near the K-absorption edges of Ga and As. The topographic contrasts caused by lattice defects were changed by tuning the X-ray energy to four typical resonant scattering conditions. A sharp image of a lattice defect was observed when ...
Edges are image attributes which are useful for image analysis and classification in a wide range of applications. The numerous applications and the subjective approach to edge definition and characterization have promoted the development of a large numbe...
Capabilities at the PNC-XOR of the Advanced Photon Source to monitor Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) in the intermediate X-ray energy range using a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDX) and associated X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence (XEOL) using an optical spectrometer will be described. Ce L3 -edge of Ce and Tb doped inorganic phosphors have been investigated ...
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Medical Research Beamline is now fully operational. One of the primary programs is the development of dual-energy transvenous coronary angiography for in vivo human research protocols. Previous work at this and other synchrotrons has been entirely devoted to the use of the dual-energy digital subtraction technique at the iodine ...
Imaging of cellular structure and extended tissue in biological materials requires nanometer resolution and good sample penetration, which can be provided by current full-field transmission X-ray microscopic techniques in the soft and hard X-ray regions. The various capabilities of full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) include 3D tomography, Zernike phase contrast, ...
The measurements of the piezo-absorption in the absorption edge region for germanium and silicon was concluded. A theoretical calculation of the matrix elements for these indirect transitions at the center of the Brillouin Zone in silicon was published in...
The reflectivity of the gold-coating on the XRT mirrors is a decreasing function of energy with a number of additional (minor) absorption edges. ...
... Title : INFLUENCE OF THE ION-IMPLANTED OXYGEN ON THE ABSORPTION EDGE AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS ...
... STRUCTURAL GEOMETRIES: THE EFFECTS OF EDGE ... of strength, energy absorption and transition ... difference in transition temperature for the ...
A new setup for Transmission Photoelectron Microscopy (T-PEEM) at the 3rd generation Berlin electron storage ring BESSY II is reported and initial results on imaging of dried diatom algae immobilized on a thin silicon membrane are described. The T-PEEM images recorded at a photon energy of 95 eV display a spatial resolution of better than 65 nm. ...
Absorption-edge densitometry is reviewed and examples of data obtained at the L/sub III/-edge of uranium are presented. Expressions are derived which allow the estimation of assay errors as a function of the transmission source intensity and the sample th...
Measurements of the K X-ray absorption and emission edges of Li are reported. They were made with the same spectrometer at the NBS storage ring and serve to establish a 0.1 eV separation between the edges with no possibility of instrument calibration erro...
We present a derivation of the main contrast mechanisms accessible in scanning transmission x-ray microscopy with a pixel-array detector. We consider the effect of the probe defocus and show that it can produce strong differential absorption contrast. The effect of noise is derived and used to compare the relative merits of absorption and differential ...
Spectral and angular information of inverse Compton sources is shown to be obtainable using only an X-ray imaging device and various foils with K-edges in keV energy range. Beam parameters can be chosen such that on-axis photons are above the K-edge for a given material, where absorption is very strong and there is ...
Free ion yields were measured for tetramethylgermane (TMG) in both the liquid and vapor phase and for Kr gas exposed to X-rays. The X-ray energy was varied across the K-edges of Ge and Kr, respectively. In Kr the relative W value increases slightly at the K-edge, which is at 14.3 keV. In liquid TMG the observed ion yield drops at the Ge ...
... 20.7 keV, 22.7 keV and 23.2 keV (K-edge of Rh ... at the focal spot of the x-ray tube pass ... rays from the incident beam, either by absorption or scattering ...
Thallium (TI) is an extremely toxic metal which, due to its similarities to K, is readily taken up by plants. Thallium is efficiently hyperaccumulated in Iberis intermedia as TI(I). Distribution and compartmentalization of TI in I. intermedia is highes...
EPA Science Inventory
Soft X-ray imaging and carbon near edge absorption fine structure spectroscopy (C-NEXAFS) has been used for the in-situ analysis of sporinite in a rank variable suite of organic rich sediments extending from recent up to high volatile A bituminous coal. T...
Of the more than 20 sharp characteristic emission and absorption lines observed in the edge emission and absorption spectra of ZnO platelets, several typical lines have been examined in detail experimentally at low temperatures (about 1K). Zeeman effects,...
The fluctuations of absorption coefficient which appear on the high energy side of x-ray absorption edges have been separated historically and physically into two different but similar effects. The structure in and near the edge (Kossel structure) has bee...
The physiology and pathology of dissected blood vessels are studied by perfusion myography combined with video microscopy. Images of the vessels are formed under diffuse white light illumination and contrast is achieved by differential absorption with respect to the vessel wall. To obtain the vessel dimensional information in quasi real time an ...
This resource provides images of some exciting devices representing the cutting edge of MEMS design.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
... TARGET RECOGNITION, IMAGES, RECOGNITION, VISION, ADAPTERS, INVARIANCE, EDGES, HUMANS, CONVEX BODIES, MODELS, REAL ...
We propose an adaptive compression enhancement scheme for images, that faithfully preserves edges that exist at certain scales. The image gradient is decomposed in a wavelet basis to locate edges at specific scales. Based on their location, the correspond...
Detecting the edges of objects within images is critical for quality image processing. We present an edge-detecting technique that uses morphological amoebas that adjust their shape based on variation in image contours. We evaluate the method both quantitatively and qualitatively for ...
The reduction-oxidation cycling of the nickel-based oxides in composite solid oxide fuel cells and battery electrodes is directly related to cell performance. A greater understanding of nickel redox mechanisms at the microstructural level can be achieved in part using transmission x-ray microscopy (TXM) to explore material oxidation states. X-ray nanotomography combined with x-ray ...
The scanning transmission x-ray microscope at the National Synchrotron Light Source has been used to record x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra from 0.01-square-micrometer regions of organic specimens. The spectral features observed reflect the molecular structure of the dominant absorbing atoms and provide the contrast mechanism for ...
The electronic and bonding properties of nitrogenated carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) exposed to chlorine plasma were investigated using C and N K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM). The C and N K-edge XANES spectra of chlorine-treated N-CNTs consistently reveal ...
X-ray/VUV free electron laser (FEL) facilities such as FLASH, LCLS, and the European X-FEL open the door to a wide variety of exciting experiments in x-ray physics. Due to the random stochastic processes governing FEL radiation and the difficulties in tuning an FEL, it has not been clear whether spectroscopy could be done using such sources. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of doing near ...
This paper uses X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and vacuum ultra-violet spectroscopic ellipsometry to distinguish between i) non-crystallinity, and ii) nano-crystallinity in transition metal (TM) elemental oxides. Near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy is used to distinguish between two different scales of nano-crystalline order. The ...
Lahuis et al. (2006) showed that Spitzer IRS observations of gas phase molecular absorption toward young stars could be used to determine physical conditions within a few AU of the star. The pencil beam nature of this method requires an edge-on disk geometry with a large column between the observer and the emitting source. Molecular gas ...
Edge detection in a gray-scale image at a fine resolution typically yields noise and unnecessary detail, whereas edge detection at a coarse resolution distorts edge contours. It is shown that edge focusing, i.e., a coarse-to-fine tracking in a continuous ...
Preliminary experiments for digital subtraction computed tomography (CT) at the K-edge of iodine (33.1 keV) were carried out at SMERF (Synchrotron Medical Research Facility X17B2) at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. The major goal was to evaluate the availability of this kind of imaging for in vivo neurological ...
A new approach to edge detection for gray level images is presented. The goal of edge detectors as an early stage of a machine vision, just finding relevant discontinuities in images, is defined. A survey of problems encountered in edge detection is prese...
X-ray polarization-contrast images resulting from X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in the hard X-ray region have been successfully recorded for the first time. The apparatus used consisted of an X-ray polarizer, double X-ray phase retarders, and a high-spatial-resolution X-ray charge-coupled-device detector. The sample used was a hexagonal-close-packed cobalt ...
Registration information for images of a common target obtained from a plurality of different spectral bands can be obtained by combining edge detection and phase correlation. The images are edge-filtered, and pairs of the edge-filtered images are then phase correlated to ...
A synthesized photochromic compound--pyrrylfulgide--is prepared as a thin film doped in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix. Under irradiation by UV light, the film converts from the bleached state into a colored state that has a maximum absorption at 635 nm and is thermally stable at room temperature. When the colored state is irradiated by a linearly polarized 650 nm ...
The Li K absorption edge was measured with yield spectroscopy at liquid nitrogen temperature. The broad feature hitherto considered to be the edge is shown to be a combination of a sharp absorption edge corresponding to a 0.18 eV wide Li K core level and a rising density of states at the ...
Feature contains: WAVEY BATHYMETRY AT EDGE OF TONGUE OF THE OCEAN Feature logic: LITERAL Image size: Recent database changes ...
... us a rough approximation of an image, we can also investigate the performance of other previously developed edge detection algorithms on the ...
... The tradeoff in these cases is that the number of edge pairs is much larger than the number of edge elements, so that complex screening is needed ...
... simulated visual scene for training. ... Evaluation scenes and sequences demonstrated ... DEVICES, *EDGES, *GENERATORS, ALGORITHMS, PILOTS ...
edge of the shoulders also move faster than the inner edges as IMAGE/EUV observations for the strong southward tuming of the interplanetary magnetic eld ...
A drop impacting a solid surface with sufficient velocity will emit many small droplets creating a splash. However, splashing is completely suppressed if the surrounding gas pressure is lowered. The mechanism by which the gas affects splashing remains unknown. We use high-speed interference imaging to measure the air beneath all regions of a spreading viscous drop as well as ...
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy was used to chemically image RuO(2) nano-layer coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (RuO(2)/MWCNT) with a spatial resolution of 30 nm. X-Ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy of individual RuO(2)/MWCNTs has been compared with that of MWCNTs and RuO(2) which confirms that RuO(2) interacts ...
... and second mirror image identical clamps clamp opposite edges ... The clamp rail has a two walled groove ... at an edge thereof for clamping that edge ...
Oscillations at B Ring Edge. This movie, made from images obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft of the outer edge of Saturn's B ring, reveals the combined ...
The main drawback of these, and other, edge-detection algorithms is that the strength of the edges in the output image cannot be controlled easily. ...
... edge detection and line slope estimation; robust and Bayesian estimation of image parameters; image and pattern matching; region segmentation ...
Jun 29, 2010 ... Canada's Northwest Territories are visible on the right half of the image. To the north are Victoria (center right edge of image) and Banks ...
Soft X-ray absorption microscopy was applied to image and characterize molecular patterns produced by electron irradiation of aliphatic and aromatic thiol-derived self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au substrates. The measurements were performed at all relevant absorption edges. The fabricated patterns could be ...
: We report here a specific type of edge strength anisotropy observed in field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The images show weaker edge gradients in the scanning direction and hence these edges frequently go undetected. Direct application of edge ...
We present findings for DG Tau B and VV CrA, two of the objects observed in our Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) project to search for molecular absorption in edge-on disks, along with near-IR spectroscopy of the CO fundamental transitions and mid-IR imaging. While the only gas absorption seen in the Spitzer IRS ...
Nanocrystalline ceria particles have been prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of cerium nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine at room temperature. The smallest size of nanoparticles synthesized is 2 nm. For each batch prepared, a narrow size distribution is found with a standard deviation less than +/-15%. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation shows that these particles are single ...
Variable absorption features were observed in the visible and ultraviolet spectrum of beta-Pictoris soon after this star gained attention in the early 1980s due to its large IRAS infrared excess and the discovery, from optical imaging, of an edge-on dust disk. The absorption has been attributed to the evaporation ...
... THE PHANTOM IS IRRADIATED BY TWO MONOCHROMATIZED X-RAY BEAMS CLOSELY BRACKETING THE K-ABSORPTION EDGE OF ...
... Experimental K-edge NEXAFS (near edge X-ray absorption fine structure) data for solid Ne are compared with theoretical results. ...
EDGE/XENIA (S�~ 1000 cm. 2 deg2) gives significant detection of WHIM filaments ... EDGE/XENIA has capability of absorption measuement against ...
... Recently, Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS ... Using the highly polarized x-ray beam of the ... The carbon k-edge NEXAFS spectra of ...
... ssDNA can be determined from NEXAFS data at the nitrogen X-ray absorption edge. The two major features in these nitrogen K-edge spectra of ...
A new method for analyzing absorption edges in K-Edge Densitometry (KED) spectra is introduced. This technique features a nonlinear function that specifies the empirical form of a broadened K-absorption edge. Nonlinear fitting of the absorption edge can ...
... X-Ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES); Co-K-edge EXAFS spectra were collected at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory ...
... in absorption cross section at the photoelectric "K edge ... state whether a particular mesonic x-ray lies above ... the "K edge" of a given filter element and ...
Edge extraction is an image processing technique for defining the edge information in an image. This effort researches different edging processes as applied to preprocessing for two pattern recognition processes. The first one is a cross-correlation metho...
In an image registration method, edges are detected in a first image and a second image. A percentage of edge pixels in a subset of the second image that are also edges in the first image shifted by a translation is calculated. A ...
DOEpatents
Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) was employed for X-ray imaging and absorption spectroscopy of individual cobalt nanoparticles as small as 8 nm grown using an arc ion cluster source. Using lithographic markers on the samples we were able to identify the same particles with PEEM and scanning electron microscopy. Significant variations in the shape ...
In scanning soft X-ray microscopy a quantitative map of specimen absorptivity is obtained. Sharp changes in the transmission spectrum at absorption edges provide contrast and are the basis for elemental analysis by comparison of images taken at differing wavelengths. We have developed an instrument that uses ...
An application of X-ray microtomography to the Drosophila adult brain stained with colloidal gold and a platinum compound is described. The transparency of biological tissue to hard X-rays enables tomographic visualization of the three-dimensional structure of tissue entrails. Each high-Z element was visualized as a three-dimensional structure from the difference absorption ...
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is proving invaluable in determining the average chemical form of metals or metalloids in intact biological tissues. As most tissues have spatial structure, there is great additional interest in visualizing the spatial location of the metal(loid) as well as its chemical forms. XAS imaging gives the opportunity of ...
