Heat transformers are absorption heat pumps that boost the temperature of industrial waste heat. Solutions of lithium bromide-water are commonly employed in heat transformers. Although these solutions have many desirable properties, they exhibit a ...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Absorption cycles like the absorption heat pump or the absorption heat transformer can contribute to savings on one of the earth's resources, energy. Because of the high initial expenses, application of an conventional absorption apparatus is only ...
The research described in the thesis concerns a heat transformer built up from simple, cheaply producable components. These components also should be easy to adapt to all kinds of advanced mixture flows. The heat transformer is filled with a mixture that ...
This report describes possible applications of absorption heat transformers (AHT) and dielectric heating (microwaves) in the wood products industry. The considered applications of AHT are recovering of waste steam from refiners and recovering of heat from...
Linear wave transformation in a plasma due to microwave heating is discussed. Some problems related to microwave heating of plasma in quasisteady thermonuclear devices are described. The absorption of plasma waves during the heating process is also consid...
The working fluids used in absorption refrigeration processes are generally not appropriate for sorption heat pumps and heat transformers. The research program aims at the investigation of more suitable working substances. A selection of possible working ...
A method and apparatus for determining the absorption spectra, and other properties, of aerosol particles. A heating beam source provides a beam of electromagnetic energy which is scanned through the region of the spectrum which is of interest. Particles exposed to the heating beam which have absorption bands ...
DOEpatents
A thermal energy transformer is described for use in combination with a heat engine. It comprises a flux receiver, having a first wall defining therein a radiation absorption cavity for converting solar flux to thermal energy characterized by a first wall...
A dispersion of very small absorbing particles forms an ideal medium to absorb radiant energy, transform it to sensible heat, and efficiently transfer the heat to a surrounding fluid. Because the absorption occurs within the fluid, the temperature drops t...
The retina lesions caused by light (so called 'solar retinitis') is not related to a heat effect due either to the collimation of infra-red rays or to the transformation in heat of visible light by absorption from the pigment layer. Our data on isolated c...
Energy Citations Database
This activity is a classroom demonstration activity in which students make predictions and explore the concepts and applications of heat transfer and heat absorption.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
... Accession Number : AD0276467. Title : MECHANICS OF HEAT PUMPS AND ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... Title : HEAT CAPACITY BY THE RADIANT ENERGY ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE. Descriptive Note : Conference paper,. ...
this paper shows the values of Flow ratio (FR) for control of an absorption double stage heat transformer. The main parameters for the heat pump system are defined as COP, FR and GTL. The control of the entire system is based in a new definition of FR. The heat balance of the Double Stage ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
We studied the absorption spectrum of intact human tooth enamel and dentine in the range of 0.26-10 ?m. We present the infrared absorption spectra of destruction products of human tooth enamel and dentine by submillisecond laser pulses on a crystal of yttrium-scandium-gallium garnet, activated by chrome and erbium ions with a wavelength of 2.79 ?m. We ...
... Accession Number : ADA539252. Title : Radial Distribution of Absorption in a Cesium Heat Pipe with Axial Laser Heating. ...
... in Shock Heated Propellant Mixtures for Laser-Heated Rocket Thrusters,. ... the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient of water vapor at ...
A computer simulation program for absorption systems has been developed in a flexible and modular form, which makes it possible to simulate various configurations with different working fluids. The user supply input containing information about given flow rates and temperatures, as well as characteristics of the various subunits of the system. In addition, the user must convey ...
Radial heat equation and Laplace transforms, discussing representations alternative to two solutions
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
... Title : HEAT TREATMENT, TRANSFORMATION REACTIONS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO HIGH STRENGTH ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS ...
... Accession Number : AD0295456. Title : A METHOD FOR THE DIRECT TRANSFORMATION OF HEAT ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY. ...
... Title : STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CN BOND IN POLYACRYLONITRILE FROM INFRARED ABSORPTION ...
A seven-effect absorption refrigeration cycle is disclosed utilizing three absorption circuits. In addition, a heat exchanger is used for heating the generator of the low absorption circuit with heat rejected from the condenser and absorber of the medium ...
Understanding the thermodynamic function of life may shed light on its origin. Out of equilibrium structuring in space and time is contingent on continuous entropy production. Entropy production is a measure of the rate of the natural tendency of Nature to explore all available microstates. The process producing the greatest amount of entropy in the biosphere is the absorption ...
E-print Network
A modular computer simulation program for absorption systems has been developed, which makes it possible to simulate various cycle configurations. The user supplies information about operating conditions, as well as characteristics of the various subunits and working fluids of the system. In addition, he conveys to the computer an image of the cycle. Based on this information, ...
A new phase transformation was found in the superheating of liquid metals, semiconductors, and alloys at 700 to 900 deg C above the melting point. The superheating temperature at about 800 deg C is called the temperature of transition to a statistical packing state of atoms or transition to a structureless fluid. The transformation is accompanied ...
The project will support research on a new approach to a selective solar energy convertor that can be used to transform solar radiation into high temperature heat. The selective solar energy convertor is basically a two-layered construction in which the top layer is a semiconductor material, such as silicon, having high absorption for ...
A selective solar energy convertor that can be used to transform solar radiation into high temperature heat is discussed. The selective solar energy convertor is basically a two-layered construction in which the top layer is a semiconductor material, such as silicon, having high absorption for solar radiation and high transparency for ...
An examination of the feasibility and reproducibility of metallurgical transformations obtained by heat treatment of different metals by means of a continuous CO2 laser requires the perfection of a theoretical model of heat diffusion, which can describe t...
In the present study, the hyperbolic heat conduction equation is derived from the Boltzmann transport equation and the analytical solution of the resulting equation appropriate to the laser short-pulse heating of a solid surface is presented. The time exponentially decaying pulse is incorporated as a volumetric heat source in the ...
Global solutions for the ion cyclotron resonant frequency (ICRF) wave fields in a straight tokamak with rotational transform and a poloidally symmetric mirror are calculated in the cold plasma limit. The component of the wave electric field parallel to vector Bis assumed zero. Symmetry in each problem allows Fourier decomposition in one ignorable coordinate, and the remaining ...
DOE Information Bridge
The efficiency of an absorption heat pump system is improved by conducting liquid from a second stage evaporator thereof to an auxiliary heat exchanger positioned downstream of a primary heat exchanger in the desorber of the system.
The local heat transfer coefficients on the shell-side of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for in-line tube arrangement are visualized and determined from mass transfer measurements. The mass transfer experiments are carried out using a technique based on absorption, chemical and coupled colour reaction. Local mass transfer coefficients ...
Heat is generated in laser irradiated tissues by absorption and transformation of the light energy into heat. Once generated within tissues, heat is heat no matter what original energy source is used to produce it. Heating of cells and biological ...
... cylinder of aluminum which was machined to give a ... The classical absorption was subtracted ... in the section on specific heats, The characteristic ...
... Title : EFFECT OF VOLUMETRIC ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT ON ... Abstract : In calculating the temperature profile and heat transfer ...
An analysis has been carried out to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics for MHD viscoelastic boundary layer flow over an impermeable stretching sheet with space and temperature dependent internal heat generation/absorption (non-uniform heat source/sink), viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and ...
... Accession Number : AD0249972. Title : PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE ABSORPTION IN HEAT-TREATED CARBON BLACKS. ...
This activity demonstrates the effect of various colors, reflective surfaces and different materials on radiant heat absorption and heat radiation. A demonstration ...
NASA Website
... Accession Number : ADD120754. Title : Hydrogen Absorption of Titanium Heat Exchanger Tubes in MSF Desalination Plants,. ...
... Accession Number : ADA037448. Title : Heat Absorption of Cooling Columns (O Teplopogloshchenii Zamorazhivaiushchikh Kolonok),. ...
... Accession Number : AD0622797. Title : ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS OF HEATED AIR: A COMPILATION TO 24,000 K. VOLUME I. ...
We have adapted our in-cylinder Fourier-transform spectroscopy technique to measure absorption spectra in a reciprocating engine. Previously, we had used the technique for emission spectroscopy; the upgrade to absorption spectroscopy mode is important because it allows for more quantitative analysis of gas properties than is possible ...
PubMed
Heat transformers have good potential for recovering waste heat and upgrading it to higher temperatures for industrial processes. Thermodynamic second law analysis in conjunction with first law analysis gives a premium to the consideration of the quality of energy over the quantity involved in a thermal system and can lead the way to ...
One of the greatest challenges to science in the 21?st century is the development of efficient energy production, storage, and transformation systems with minimal ecological footprints. Due to the lack of efficient heat-transformation technologies, industries around the world currently waste energy in the gigawatt range at low temperatures (40-80?�C). ...
The project supports research on a new approach to a selective solar energy convertor that can be used to transform solar radiation into high temperature heat. This heat can be transferred and applied in a steam turbine-generator unit to produce electricity. The selective solar energy convertor is basically a two-layered construction ...
absorption and heat radiation. Investigation. Surface Color. This activity investigates the affect ... d e termine the heat absorption and ref l e c t i o n ...
A new concept is proposed to improve the safety of transmission lines with respect to heating during RF transmission. It is based on the integration of transformers into the transmission line. The concept was applied to an active tracking device. Miniature transformers were designed, and two types of tracking devices were built based ...
A general analysis is developed to study fluid-flow and heat-transfer characteristics for steady, three-dimensional flow over a linearly stretching porous vertical surface embedded in a non-Darcian medium. A generalized flow model is used in the present study to include the effects of the macroscopic viscous term and the microscopic inertial force. The flow is subjected to a ...
In the present paper we develop a semi-classical heat transfer model in order to figure out the parametric distortion of the optical-absorption coefficient of semiconductor under multiple laser irradiations. In the meantime we want to give to experimentalist a powerful tool in order to investigate this behavior. We will use the Fourier ...
A dispersion of very small absorbing particles forms an ideal medium to absorb radiant energy, transform it to sensible heat, and efficiently transfer the heat to a surrounding fluid. Because the absorption occurs within the fluid, the temperature drops that occur across the walls of conventional solar receivers ...
An analytical solution is developed for a quasi-steady phase-change heat transfer problem in which a plane slab is heated by a Gaussian rectangular heat source moving at a constant speed over the upper surface. The physical model is set up to simulate a laser transformation hardening process. In the mathematical ...
Language: English ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
Report describes theoretical and experimental study of absorption of heat by metal blocks in contact
... Accession Number : ADD127625. Title : Phase Transformations during Heating of Titanium Alloys with Metastable Structure,. ...
... of heat and mass transfer with phase and chemical transformations, homogeneous reactions are assumed to occur both in the well-defined reaction ...
... Accession Number : ADD144237. Title : Continuous Heating Transformation of Bainite to Austenite. Descriptive Note : Journal article,. ...
... Descriptors : *Compton scattering, *Radiative transfer, Klein nishina formula, Transformations(Mathematics), Kernel functions, Absorption ...
Measurement Description: The NCAR Fourier transform spectrometer will record high-resolution solar infrared absorption spectra of the atmosphere above the ...
Numerous embodiments and related methods for generator-absorber heat exchange (GAX) are disclosed, particularly for absorption heat pump systems. Such embodiments and related methods use the working solution of the absorption system for the heat transfer medium.
A large improvement in efficiency of current drive in a tokamak can be obtained using neutral beam injection to drive the current in a plasma which has low density and high resistivity. The current established under such conditions acts as the primary of a transformer to drive current in an ignited high-density plasma. In the context of a model of plasma confinement and fusion ...
opment of these instabilities, leads to effective plasma heating. Anomalous absorption of high-frequency energy and plasma heating ...
Polyacrylonitrile films were heated in vacuum at temperatures in the range 205-270C and the rate of disappearance of the nitrile group with time followed by IR spectroscopy. The reaction was the conversion of the nitrile group into a conjugated -C=N- stru...
Reactions of oxalacetic acid were investigated in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions. In addition to its well-known decarboxylation reaction, oxalacetic acid can be transformed by heating in 0.1 M HClO4 into a compound with an absorption peak at 230 ...
Emission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy data provide in situ, time-resolved, spectral emissivity measurements for ash deposits generated from two US Powder River Basin coals under realistic combustion conditions. The first three hours of d...
This paper reports on a method for calculating the radiative heat transfer direct-exchange areas for surface-to-surface, volume-to-surface, and volume-to-volume pairs of zones in axisymmetric cylindrical geometries. With this method the calculation of the direct-exchange areas can be transformed from the original four-, five-, and sixfold integrals in the ...
Research on new working fluid pairs for use in absorption refrigeration systems and heat transformers continues. Densities, kinematic viscosities, and excess molar enthalpies have been determined for methanol + polyethylene glycol 250 dimethyl ether at 303.15 K over the entire range of composition and at atmospheric pressure. ...
We describe an experiment that couples a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) to a supersonic jet of radicals. A 1-mm-i.d. cylindrical SiC nozzle is resistively heated to 1500 K in order to decompose organic precursors and generate expansions of jet-cooled radicals. We have used this apparatus to pyrolyze alkyl nitrites to make alkoxy and ...
The systems approach to heating and cooling is considered in terms of the collectors, heat storage, heat pumps, air cooling absorption units, heat exchangers, circulating devices, and controls. (WDM)
Heat fluctuations over a time tau in a nonequilibrium stationary state and in a transient state are studied for a simple system with deterministic and stochastic components: a Brownian particle dragged through a fluid by a harmonic potential which is moved with constant velocity. Using a Langevin equation, we find the exact Fourier transform of the ...
Heat fluctuations over a time \\tau in a non-equilibrium stationary state and in a transient state are studied for a simple system with deterministic and stochastic components: a Brownian particle dragged through a fluid by a harmonic potential which is moved with constant velocity. Using a Langevin equation, we find the exact Fourier transform of the ...
The analyses of absorption refrigerating machines, absorption heat pumps, and absorption heat transformers require thermal and physical properties for working medium + absorbent systems. The enthalpy of mixing data for working fluids are one of the most important basic ...
Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy has been utilized to monitor the in situ acetylation of a powdered subbituminous coal at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. The acetylation reaction was carried out by the adsorption of acetic anhydride onto the powdered coal from the gas phase with subsequent heating above 100/sup 0/C required to ...
Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy has been utilized to monitor the in situ acetylation of a powdered subbituminous coal at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. The acetylation reaction was carried out by the adsorption of acetic anhydride onto the powered coal from the gas phase with subsequent heating above 100 /sup 0/C required to ...
Research on a new approach to a selective solar energy convertor that can be used to transform solar radiation into high temperature heat is discussed. The selective solar energy convertor is basically a two-layered construction in which the top layer is a semiconductor material, such as silicon, having high absorption for solar ...
This disclosure documents the invention of adapting an economizer and an air heater to an absorption heat pump. The heat pump will have as its prime source of power, heat generated from burning a source of fuel. The air used in the burner will be heated above outside ambient temperatures by a ...
... Title : INVESTIGATION OF THE KINETICS OF THE -CN BOND TRANSFORMATION IN POLYACRYLONITRILE BY IR ABSORPTION SPECTRA,. ...
... INVERSION, ABSORPTION, LANGMUIR PROBES, MAGNETIZATION, COLLISIONS, TRANSFORMATIONS, CONVERSION, FREQUENCY. ...
Transient infrared emission spectroscopy (TIRES) is a new method that produces analytically useful emission spectra from optically thick, solid samples by greatly reducing self-absorption of emitted radiation. The method reduces self-absorption by creating a thin, short-lived, heated layer at the sample surface and collecting the ...
... Heat Transfer), *Heat balance, Phase transformations, Integral equations, Surfaces, Heat flux, Convection(Heat Transfer), Soils, Energy storage. ...
WHEN a material absorbs a photon, a fraction of the energy may be transformed into heat. A measurement of photothermal heating as a function of wavelength can provide an absorption spectrum of the material. We have recently1,2 developed a micromechanical sensor capable of detecting heat changes ...
This article examines the laws of thermal explosion for chemical reactions in which heat is absorbed and liberated simultaneously. The thermal equilibration time is much less than the characteristic times of the chemical reactions if the heats of reaction and activation energies are large. It is determined that the reaction rates vary during the ...
The heating ability of mineral oil-based magnetic fluids with different magnetic particle concentrations is studied. The calorimetric measurements were carried out in an alternating magnetic field of 500 A � m-1 to 2500 A � m-1 amplitude and of 1500 kHz frequency. The revealed H n law-type dependence of the temperature increase rate, (d T/d t) t=0, on the amplitude of ...
Citric acid coated magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using a one-step and two-step co-precipitation method at different temperatures. The stability of the nanoparticles in aqueous media was compared. The magnetic heating characteristics in an alternating magnetic field were examined and specific absorption rates were determined. The nanoparticles ...
The present invention comprises (1) a heat source, (2) a heat pipe, and (3) a thermal transformer in thermal contact with said heat pipe and proximately disposed to the heat source, whereby a uniform heat transfer from the heat source to a ...
The solar energy absorption characteristics of several high temperature coatings were determined and
... I The absorption and desorption properties of metal hydrides are determined ... The small difference between the absorption and desorption ...
... Heat treatment improves absorption properties of crystals with in-grown inclusions, but measured values of absorption coefficient of these crystals ...
... K G. Mueller - Provided the absorption coefficients for NO Z , 0- photodetachment, and free-free processes. (Z. Taulbee ...
Conserve Resources, Incorporated is currently developing an innovative, patented absorption heat pump. The heat pump uses rotation and thin film technology to enhance the absorption process and to provide a more efficient, compact system. The purpose of t...
The absorption refrigerator can be considered a thermal transformer, that is, a device that is analogous to the electric transformer. The analogy is based on the correspondence between the extensive quantities, entropy and electric charge and the intensive variables, temperature and electric potential. (Contains 1 footnote and 6 ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The authors present a Laplace transform procedure for the partial diagonalization of Bethe-Salpeter-like absorptive part equations for the forward scattering of spinning particles. By using Laplace transforms the analysis allows directly for power growth ...
Electron thermal fluxes are derived from the power balance for Tore Supra (TS) and NSTX discharges with centrally deposited fast wave electron heating. Measurements of the electron temperature and density profiles, combined with ray tracing computations of the power absorption profiles, allow detailed interpretation of the thermal flux versus temperature ...
Understanding the thermodynamic function of life may shed light on its origin. Life, as are all irreversible processes, is contingent on entropy production. Entropy production is a measure of the rate of the tendency of Nature to explore available microstates. The most important irreversible process generating entropy in the biosphere and, thus, facilitating this exploration, is the ...
... mixture ~Boltzmann constant K mean absorption coefficient K absorption coefficient K Planck mean absorption coefficient p K ...
The energy of solar radiation on the earth mainly concentrates in 0.29~3?m wavelength range, where infrared wave accounts for 53 percent, visible light accounts for 44% and ultraviolet accounts for 3%. For the photovoltaic cells, different light coming from solar radiation has different energy and different penetration depth. For the short waves, the photovoltaic cells have large ...
A relatively thin solar heat collector is disclosed, for solar heat collecting units, having a series of discontinuities in its surface in the form of projections, increasing surface area for absorption and heat transfer.
Ethylene carbonate is used as a heat storage medium in a process for the storage of heat wherein the medium changes phase during the release and absorption of heat.
... INFRARED ABSORPTION IN HEATED AIR FROM VIBRATION-ROTATION BANDS OF NITRIC OXIDE by ... 52 vibration-rotation bands of nitric oxide. ...
Results for the solar heating rates in ambient air due to absorption by black-carbon (BC) containing
An introduction to the basic physics of Alfven Wave Heating is presented. First, the resonant absorption of global modes of the fast magnetosonic (compressional Alfven) wave is compared to the resonant absorption of laser light. Second, the spectral appro...
... Title : ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS OF HEATED AIR: A COMPILATION TO 24,000 deg K, VOLUME 2. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...
A boundary layer analysis is presented to investigate numerically the effects of radiation, thermophoresis and the dimensionless heat generation or absorption on hydromagnetic flow with heat and mass transfer over a flat surface in a porous medium. The boundary layer equations are transformed to non-linear ordinary ...
In absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectra of heated gases or condensed samples in the vapor phase are usually recorded with a single pass heated gas cell. This device exhibits two orders of magnitude lower sensitivity than the high-temperature multipass cell presented in this article. Our device is a novel type of compact long path ...
... concentration is well established, the occurrence of self-absorption (defined as absorption of Raman scattered photons by the sample itself) ... known to cause problems. The influence of self-absorption i...
Gas fired absorption heat pumps for space conditioning (heating and air conditioning) are being developed by several US organizations. Single-effect cycle absorption heat pumps for residential applications were developed in the 1970's, but proved to be uneconomic and were not ...
