This study is to investigate the transportation of scutellarin in cell and live models and study on mechanism of absorption and transport of scutellarin in mouse liver. The concentration of scutellarin in plasma and liver from control and pretreated groups was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The ...

There have been reports on the effect of Ca on the uptake of Cd. A low dietary uptake of Ca can result in an increasing accumulation of Cd in the kidney and can increase the susceptibility to the deleterious effects of environmental Cd. However, up to now, there have been no reports on what role Ca plays in the uptake of Cd after ...

This study was undertaken to investigate the correlation between gastrointestinal absorption of radioisotopes and uptake by the critical organ during the same period using 85Sr, 109Cd, 131I and 203Hg as radioisotopes. When the distribution of 85Sr, 109Cd, 131I and 203Hg in mice were investigated by means of the whole body autoradiography, these critical ...

Aluminium absorption, distribution and speciation in rats have been investigated by administering a single oral dose of 26Al to three groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats with the first group having normal, the second group having iron overloaded and the third group having iron deficient status before administration. The dose was 20 ng 26Al together with 200 ?g 27Al as AlCl3. The ...

Propylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonate (PDTMP) was synthesised by modifying a method reported for the synthesis of EDTMP. Complexation of the synthesised phosphonate ligand with 153Sm was carried out by varying the experimental parameters and the complex was radiochemically characterized. Biodistribution studies showed that the uptake by bone in rats was 2% per g of ...

We present results on surgical technique, neutron filed and irradiation facility concerning the original treatment of the liver diffused metastases. Our method plans to irradiate the isolated organ at a thermal neutron field soon after having been explanted and boron enriched and before being grafted into the same donor. In particular the crucial point of boron ...

The variety of physiologic and biologic functions of zinc is expected to enable the development of zinc-related medicines. In this study, the distribution of endogenous zinc, the disposition after intravenous injection, and the intestinal absorption of zinc were investigated in vivo using rats from the viewpoints of pharmaceutical science and pharmacokinetics. High levels of ...

This paper reviews the recent literature concerning the importance of the gut in extraintestinal protein metabolism. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut modulates amino acid flux and inter-organ relationships in various metabolic states. This may be particularly true during the absorptive period, when the gut: (1) controls amino acid ...

Radioiodine uptake in liver metastases was observed in two patients with follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. (auth)

The effects of acute administration of either tumour necrosis factor-alpha (cachectin) (TNF) or interleukin-1-beta (IL-1), or of tumour growth (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma), on blood amino acid concentrations and tissue alpha-amino[1-14C]isobutyrate (AIB) uptake in virgin and lactating rats were compared. Both monokines decreased the blood concentrations of those amino acids ...

The effects of acute administration of either tumour necrosis factor-alpha (cachectin) (TNF) or interleukin-1-beta (IL-1), or of tumour growth (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma), on blood amino acid concentrations and tissue alpha-amino[1-14C]isobutyrate (AIB) uptake in virgin and lactating rats were compared. Both monokines decreased the blood concentrations of those amino acids ...

The absorption of topically applied DTIC (5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide-2-14C) (NSC-45388) was studied in female, weanling, Yorkshire white pigs. After 48 hours, an average of 9.61% of the topically applied dose was excreted in the urine of the test animals. Liver and kidney showed the most consistent uptake of ...

We report the use of a 20 MV tandem Van de Graaff accelerator and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to measure the distribution and uptake mechanisms of l26Al in vivo in mice. The influence of antibodies against the transferrin receptor and of hypotransferrinaemia (mice with virtual absence of circulating transferrin) were studied with regard to the ...

Mercury (Hg) vapor is released from dental silver tooth fillings into human mouth air after chewing, but its possible uptake routes and distribution among body tissues are unknown. This investigation demonstrates that when radioactive 203Hg is mixed with dental Hg/silver fillings (amalgam) and placed in teeth of adult sheep, the isotope will appear in various organs and ...

(/sup 35/S)trithiomolybdate (20 micrograms Mo) was readily absorbed from intestinal sacs in anesthetized rats, and radioactivity was subsequently detectable in all the subcellular fractions examined in the organs sampled. The compound was bound reversibly to proteins in patterns similar to those observed in liver in cattle and sheep. Absorption was ...

The authors studied the hepatic uptake of carrier-free Ga-67 using isolated rat hepatocytes and perfused livers. The results indicate that: (a) the liver can take up Ga-67 and secrete it into the bile, even in the absence of transferrin; (b) transferrin inhibits hepatic uptake of Ga-67 and its biliary excretion; ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were added to the diets of mice at different concentrations. Mice fed these diets were given a sc or oral doses of ZCd. The uptake and excretion of Cd was followed by whole-body counting. The gastrointestinal absorption of Cd after an oral dose of ZCd was less in animals fed on 66 ppm PCB diet, compared with a control ...

The relation between haem biosynthesis and intestinal iron absorption is not well understood, we therefore investigated the effect of compounds that alter haem metabolism on duodenal iron absorption. CD1 mice were treated with either an inhibitor (succinyl acetone (SA)) or stimulator (2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide (AIA)) of haem biosynthesis. ...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a series of pathological changes that range from simple fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The objective of this study is to describe changes in global gene expression associated with the progression of human NAFLD. This study is focused on the expression levels of genes ...

To investigate absorption kinetics of riboflavin under in vivo conditions, with blood and lymph circulation intact, the small intestine of anesthetized rats was perfused with ({sup 14}C)riboflavin in a concentration range between 0.31 and 10.00 mumol/L. Apart from the uptake of riboflavin from the perfusate, passage of the vitamin into the portal (vena ...

... LIVER DISEASES, BIOLOGICAL ABSORPTION, ALCOHOLISM, FATTY ACIDS, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, PHENYLALANINE, OLEIC ACID, ASCITES ...

Excess dietary iron reduced the toxicity of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) in chicks. In order to gain further insight into this phenomenon, the toxicity of these elements was examined under conditions of dietary iron deficiency, ca. 10 ppm, and excess, ca. 1010 ppm. Graded levels of Cd, Co, Ni, V and also of zinc (Zn) were added to achieve toxicities of these heavy ...

How the interaction of haemopexin with two different receptors affects its subsequent metabolism and 'intracellular' haem transport was examined by using mesohaem-haemopexin and mesohaem-asialo-haemopexin. The physical properties of the two haem proteins, including their absorption and c.d. spectra, are similar. Binding studies in vitro showed that haem-asialo-haemopexin ...

Dietary supplements of about 5 g/kg of a number of amino acids increased tissue lead concentrations in newly weaned rats but decreased them in older rats. The retention of both oral and intraperitoneal lead was affected. The uptake of /sup 203/Pb by tissues was reduced when methionine was given in the diet over a period of 5 weeks or when it or ethionine was given by mouth 24 ...

Nonhuman primates fed folic acid-deficient diets +/- 30% kcal ethanol were used to determine alcohol effects on megaloblastic anemia development and folate bioavailability. Lower hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) counts and higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) occurred after 13 wk in alcohol-fed monkeys, later in controls. Plasma, RBC, and liver folate declined and ...

The effects of fiber-rich wheat bran and wheat germ on the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol, free fatty acids, and monoglycerides were studied. Rats were given a test meal containing [(14)C]oleic acid, [(14)C]monoolein, and [(3)H]cholesterol. After a 1-hour digestion period, wheat bran or wheat germ (10% of meal solids) did not significantly modify the gastric ...

Cholesterol circulates in the blood in association with triglycerides and other lipids, and elevated blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol carries a risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the blood is thought to be beneficial. Circulating cholesterol is the balance among dietary cholesterol absorption, hepatic ...

Some basic steps in the bioavailability pathways from diet to mother, fetus, and neonate during pregnancy and lactation are as follows: during pregnancy, (1) gastrointestinal absorption by the mother, (2) transfer from maternal blood to fetus via the placenta; during lactation, (1) gastrointestinal absorption by the mother, (2) transfer from maternal blood ...

The uptake of Sr/sup 85/ by mitochondria from rat kidney and liver was reduced to a greater degree by added calcium than was the uptake of Ca/sup 45/. Uptake of Sr/sup 85/ was increased to a greater degree by addition of strontium than was the uptake of Ca/sup 45. ATP was required for ...

While gastrointestinal transit studies using non-absorbable labels are now widely used, gastrointestinal studies with absorbable tracers potentially could describe both transit and absorption. To investigate this possibility, 27 fasting rats were given 100 ..mu..Ci I-123 IMP by gastric gavage and sacrificed at intervals ranging from 5 minutes to 12 hours later. Organ counts ...

Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic hepatotoxins produced by various species of cyanobacteria. Their structure includes two variable amino acids (AA) leading to more than 80 MC variants. In this study, we focused on the most common variant, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and microcystin-RR (MC-RR), a variant differing by only one AA. Despite their structural similarity, MC-LR elicits higher ...

Diffuse lung uptake of Tc-99m tin colloid during liver scanning was found in a patient with heat stroke. Slightly increased splenic uptake was present, but bone marrow uptake was not. A repeat liver scan seven days after the initial scan showed no lung uptake.

Protactinium uptake into the normal liver does not exceed 3%, but when the phospholipid levels in the liver are elevated by administration of thioacetamide this uptake increases to 31%. Phosphatidic acid, which is absent from the normal liver, has been shown to extract protactinium into organic ...

Enterohepatic circulation of thyroid hormone in the rat involves transfer of hormone to intestines in bile from the liver and absorption of some intestinal hormone, via portal blood to liver. Transfer of hormone to intestines from mesenteric arterial blood has generally been considered minimal, although this alternate pathway has ...

Iron has long been related to the pathological process of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Liver iron overload is known to accelerate the development of ALD. In the present study we aimed to examine the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on iron overload of ALD and to explore the potential mechanisms involved in its protection against ALD in mice. ...

Adults eating a Western diet digest and absorb ingested food containing approximately 100 g fat, 350 g carbohydrate, and 75 g protein daily. Normal fat absorption requires adequate gastric, pancreatic, liver-biliary, mucosal, and lymphatic function. Carbohydrate and protein absorption is much less dependent on ...

Four systems 1a - d were prepared to investigate the optical properties of copolymers comprised of polyfluorene doped with BODIPY-based fluors. The underlying hypothesis was energy harvested via the strong absorptivity of the major component, fluorine, would be primarily emitted from the BODIPY parts at much higher wavelengths. Optimization of the polymerization process as a ...

... pump adjusted to a constant flow rate (about 2 ... uptake of the parasites by the liver and ... more accurately reflected immunological elimination (Table ...

... uptake behavior of a boron carrier is of interest in this kind of cells. Using a clinical model in patients with colorectal liver metastases, we ... ...

Systemic bile acid (BA) homeostasis is a critical determinant of dietary fat digestion, enterohepatic function, and postprandial thermogenesis. However, major checkpoints for the dynamics and the molecular regulation of BA homeostasis remain unknown. Here we show that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis impairment in humans and liver-specific deficiency of the ...

This study sets out to compare the absorption and toxicity of Cadmium (Cd) administered via the food-chain and inorganic Cd administered in drinking water after 1 and 3 months exposure using rats as animal model. The food-chain was mimicked by exposing rats to diet containing Cd pre-exposed fish. The uptake of Cd by the rats after both mode of exposure was ...

A perfusion technique was utilized to assess the rate of absorption and metabolism of L-methionine by livers isolated from rats fed a diet deficient in zinc. The endogenous concentration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the livers from the zinc-deficient rats was near normal, while the concentration in pair-fed controls was approximately ...

... change in hepatic thymidine-H3 uptake, and no change in hepatic cell mitosis. ... This effect was not transmissible between parabiotic animals. ...

There are five possible processes of intestinal absorption of xenobiotics. These are active transport, passive diffusions, pinocytosis, filtration through �pores,� and lymphatic absorption. The passive diffusion is major process for transport of foreign chemicals across the intestine. Though the lymphatic absorption of drugs is not ...

Animal experiments have demonstrated that manganese is poorly absorbed from the gut and that it is rapidly removed from the blood by liver uptake and bilary excretion. Zinc supplements which are readily absorbed can induce a Mn deficiency so that Mn supplementation is necessary. Supplementation with a diet rich in Mn (high in legumes, nuts, whole grains, ...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), an acid-stable peptide present in rodent and human milk, is absorbed and promotes intestinal growth when fed to suckling rats. To determine whether absorptive cells of suckling rat ileum conduct selective transepithelial transport of EGF, we followed uptake of 125I-EGF from ileal loops by autoradiography and biochemical ...

Irregular fatty infiltration of the liver appears as focal areas of decreased attenuation on computed tomography (CT) and often cannot be distinguished from other, clinically more significant space-occupying lesions. Six patients with CT and clinical findings suggestive of fatty infiltration had xenon-133 ventilation scans of the liver. Four of these ...

The metabolic fate of /sup 57/Co-methylcobalamine after oral or intraperitoneal administration to rats and guinea pigs (25 mu g/kg) was studied. From fecal excretion test, the intestinal absorption of /sup 57/Co-methyl- cobalamine seems to be less than 5% of the dose, and the time course of fecal excretion was different in both species. The fecal excretion in guinea ...

Scintigraphs of the liver remain very difficult to read because of the limits, traps and overlapping of disease categories. Thirty files containing the most unreliable images, i.e. uptake defects at the upper edge of the liver, were chosen amongst six tho...

... can lead to anemia and may indicate decreased absorption from Crohn's disease that affects the small intestine.) Liver function tests help screen for liver and ...

Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs, gene family: SLC21/SLCO) mediate the uptake of a broad range of substrates including several widely prescribed drugs into cells. Drug substrates for members of the human OATP family include HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins), antibiotics, anticancer agents, and cardiac glycosides. OATPs are expressed in a variety of different ...

High doses of intravenous protamine cause generalized vascular permeability changes in brain and other organs, and concomitant hypoproteinemia. The present investigations test the hypothesis that protamine has a dual action of both binding serum proteins and of undergoing absorptive-mediated transcytosis through microvascular endothelial barriers. Binding of albumin to ...

Young animals absorb and retain a greater fraction of an oral dose of lead than do adult animals. It has been proposed that pinocytotic activity in young animals is partially responsible for the increased lead retention and absorption. Radiolabeled lead (5 mg/kg) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 50 mg/kg) were administered orally to 12-day-old suckling mice and to adult mice, ...

This study examined the cytological and molecular effects of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, in the liver of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis sicula. Cadmium was administered in single dose, by diet, to induce a concentration comparable with that measured in animals living in contaminated sites. For comparison, cadmium was also administered in multiple doses by food (chronic) or ...

ABSTRACT Homeostatic mechanisms controlling uptake, storage, and elimination of dietary manganese (Mn) afford protection against fluctuations in tissue manganese (Mn) levels. Homeostatic control of inhaled Mn is less well understood, but important in assessing likely risks of Mn inhalation. We have used two compartmental kinetic models to characterize the influence of Mn ...

Rats made cholestatic by bile duct ligation survive phalloidin poisoning. This protection against phalloidin poisoning is correlated with the rate of the toxin uptake by the liver. [3H]demethylphalloin was used as a tracer for uptake studies. This is justified because there is no significant difference in the rate of ...

... All statistical analyses were performed using SuperANOVA®.3 Plant Preparation for Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism Individual annual bluegrass, ... ...

... Because liver tumors in rodents are often the toxicity extrapolated to determine the "human risk", the intestinal absorption and metabolism of orally ...

Technetium-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy was used to study alterations of reticuloendothelial function in 7 dogs with experimentally induced biliary cirrhosis and portosystemic shunting. Scintigraphic studies were performed before and 6 weeks after common bile duct ligation. Radiocolloid plasma clearance rate was determined by measuring activity in plasma samples and by analyzing the rate of ...

The simplest model of iron absorption must consider (1) the mucosal uptake of dietary iron and (2) the transfer of iron from intestinal cells into the plasma, because mucosal cells have a storage capacity for iron which seems to affect iron uptake but pro...

To study liver low density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor activity before and after plasmapheresis, ({sup 99m}Tc) very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was used. Autologous VLDL was labeled, sterilized by filtration, and administered intravenously to patients under a gamma camera. The uptake of lipoproteins in the liver was measured by ...

A number of different food components are known to reduce plasma and LDL-cholesterol levels by affecting intestinal cholesterol absorption. They include: soluble fibers, phytosterols, saponins, phospholipids, soy protein and stearic acid. These compounds inhibit cholesterol absorption by affecting cholesterol solubilization in the intestinal lumen, ...

... which can stimulate or suppress small intestinal absorption of such macromolecule:. as bacterial and parasitic toxins. Our ...

... Tissue uptake of contaminants from ... DREDGED MATERIALS, TISSUES( BIOLOGY), SURVIVAL ... BIOLOGICAL ABSORPTION, AQUATIC ANIMALS. ...

... uptake by host plant roots, providing a larger absorption area for root systems and enabling plants to obtain water and ... ...

... Descriptors : *YEASTS, HEXOSES, BIOLOGICAL ABSORPTION, GLUCOSE, METABOLISM, TRANSPORT PROPERTIES, CELLS(BIOLOGY ...

Data are presented on the uptake, distribution, absorption, and elimination of arsenic-74 in man following inhalation. (C.H.)

In evaluating alcoholic liver disease in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, a liver-spleen scan was performed that showed an unusual uptake of sulfur colloid in the lungs. There was diffuse uptake in the left lung and portions of the right lower lung with absent uptake in the right upper ...

In routine Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) liver-spleen imaging, relatively increased splenic uptake when compared with liver uptake is frequently seen. Commonly this is due to decreased hepatic uptake secondary to liver disease, but often it is because of increased ...

This study was designed to investigate the influence of dietary fiber, as found in wheat bran, on the absorption of chromium. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups of 10. The control was fed a semi-purified diet containing casein, methionine, cornstarch, sucrose, corn oil, mineral and vitamin mix, and choline bitartrate. The experimental group was fed ...

A procedure for measuring intestinal uptake is presented. It allows randomization of small-intestinal pieces, yields relatively small 'extracellular space' and allows the determination of unidirectional flux. The intestinal uptake of the anomeric forms of...

... they grow through treated soil. In dicotyledonous plants, root absorption can also be very important in herbicide uptake ( ... uptake. Herbicide Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism S-metolachlor Ro...

... into the gut are hydrolyzed and reduced by intestinal microflora, then reabsorbed from the gut and oxidized from the liver. I Absorption of volatile ...

Nov 29, 1974 ... Keywords: ABSORPTION; COENZYMES; GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS; MITOCHONDRIA; LIVER; MEMBRANES; PERMEABILITY; PROTEINS; RATS; ...

... between amount of iron absorbed and amount of iron given and also between rate of absorption and concentration of iron in the intestinal lumen. ...

... in rabbits to evaluate the absorption and elimination of thrombin when applied to the cut surface of the liver resulting from partial hepatectomy. ...

... gallbladder and liver emulsify fat and enhance the absorption of fatty acids. The large intestine temporarily stores and concentrates the remainder until it ...

The transport kinetics and distribution of taurocholate (TC) from the ileum and jejunum were evaluated in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Uptake and transport kinetics were determined after simultaneous administration of equimolar solutions of ({sup 3}H)taurocholic acid (({sup 3}H)TC) in the ileum and (24-{sup 14}C)taurocholic acid (({sup 14}C)TC) in the jejunum of ...

Postmortem studies were made on 4 patients with liver metastases who had received radioactive iodatod human serum albumin intravenously shortly before death. No selective concentration of radioactive material by the liver or by the liver metastases could be demonstrated. (auth)

The extent of decreases in apparent hepatic clearance and intrinsic hepatic clearance of midazolam (MDZ) after intravenous administration of MDZ with concomitant oral administration of cimetidine (CIM), itraconazole (ITZ), or erythromycin (EM) was predicted using plasma unbound concentrations and liver unbound concentrations of inhibitors. When MDZ was concomitantly ...

1. Duodenal injection of 64Cu in treated adult mutant mice (Mobr/y) revealed severe malabsorption of copper. In suckling mutants, malabsorption was less severe, owing to delayed absorption between 2 and 5 h after injection. Pinocytosis at the distal small intestine seems the likely explanation for this difference, and this is supported by results of ileal injection of ...

Autoradiographs and histological preparations were made from rat liver perfused with colloidal silver-110 at different periods after whole-body irradiation with 1000 r x rays. The silver was phagocytized by Kupffer cells and adsorbed on vein walls and capillaries. The decrease in liver absorption capacity for colloidal silver ...

The tissue levels of chromium were followed after single intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection of 1 mmol CrCl3/kg body wt. in Swiss male mice. Blood levels were similar after both treatment modes, with half-lives of 31-41 h. Organs not directly exposed by i.p. treatment contained similar amounts in the two groups, with kidneys > lungs > heart > brain. However, after i.p. treatment ...

The uptake and accumulation of microcystin-RR (MC-RR) in fish was investigated under laboratory conditions and in wild fish. Jenynsia multidentata and Corydoras paleatus were exposed for 24h to 50mug/L MC-RR dissolved in water. After exposure, liver, gill, brain, intestine, gall bladder, blood and muscle were analyzed for MC-RR by HPLC and analysis ...

Compound A ((1aR,5S,8S,10R,22aR)-5-tert-butyl-N-{(1R,2S)-1-[(cyclopropylsulfonyl)carbamoyl]-2-ethenylcyclopropyl}-14-methoxy-3,6-dioxo-1,1a,3,4,5,6,9,10,18,19,20,21,22,22a-tetradecahydro-8H-7,10-methanocyclopropa[18,19][1,10,3,6]dioxadiazacyclononadecino[12,11-b]quinoline-8-carboxamide) is a prototype of a series of subnanomolar inhibitors of genotypes 1, 2, and 3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A ...

The objective of the study was to measure net AA flux rates across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver in the presence and absence of abomasal glucose infusion. Decreasing the fraction of AA metabolized by the mucosal cells may increase the fraction of AA being released into the blood. A potential mechanism to reduce AA catabolism by mucosal cells is to provide an ...

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) is a multitransmembrane protein playing a crucial role in dietary and biliary cholesterol absorption. Cholesterol promotes the formation and endocytosis of NPC1L1-flotillin-cholesterol membrane microdomains, which is an early step in cholesterol uptake. How cholesterol is sensed in this step is unknown. Here, we find that ...

A series of trace element absorption experiments were performed using the Sprague-Dawley suckling rat put and infant rhesis monkey (Macaca mulatta) with extrinsic radiolabeling to assess the bioavailability of Zn, Cu, and Mn from infant diets and to examine specific factors that affect absorption of these essential nutrients. Bioavailability of Cu as ...

The authors examined serum IgG fractions from 20 patients with pernicious anemia and 25 control subjects for their capacity to inhibit binding of (/sup 125/I)15-leu human gastrin-17 to parietal-cell-enriched gastric mucosal cells. IgG fractions from six patients reduced gastrin binding by 45.6 +/- 12.2 per cent, as compared with a reduction of 1.8 +/- 0.7 per cent by fractions from the 25 ...

The development of a process for ozone uptake in water treatment technology is presented. The process fundamentals for ozone absorption in downflow bubble columns were established in a pilot plant. It was shown that the absorption efficiency of downflow b...

Concentrations of 239 + 240Pu and 241Am in human soft tissues (testes, thyroid gland, kidneys, spleen, heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and pancreas) were compared to those in livers of the same subjects. The subjects were volunteer donors with occupational exposures to plutonium and americium autopsied as part of the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries program. ...

Concentrations of {sup 239+240}Pu and {sup 241}Am in human soft tissues (testes, thyroid gland, kidneys, spleen, heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and pancreas) were compared to those in the livers of the same subject. The subjects were volunteer donors with occupational exposures to plutonium and americium autopsied as part of the United States Transuranium and Uranium ...

The effect of different patterns of starvation (acute and intermittent) on the in vivo intestinal absorption of glucose and tryptophan during the first days of Gallus domesticus chicks life was measured. Both acute and intermittent starvation increase duodenal absorption of glucose and jejunal absorption of tryptophan. Intermittent ...

Animals were orally immunized with horseradish peroxidase and bovine serum albumin, and absorption of these antigens was studied. In comparison with controls, a consistent and significant decrease in peroxidase uptake was noted in both germ-free and conventional rats immunized with peroxidase; a similar decrease in serum albumin uptake ...

...may interfere with such absorption. (f) Pharmacokinetic... (2) The degree of absorption of the active drug ingredient...therapeutic moiety in the intestinal wall or liver during the process of absorption (first-class...

Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a mammalian iron (Fe) transporter and also transports Cadmium (Cd) in vitro. This study compared Cd absorption in DMT1-dysfunctional MK/Rej-{sup mk}/{sub mk} mice (mk/mk mice) and in DMT1-functional, Fe-deficient wild-type (WT) mice, to clarify the role of DMT1 in intestinal Cd absorption in vivo. Mice were given 1 ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate how the vehicles of choice affect the pharmacokinetics of orally administered Fluoranthene [FLA] in rats. Fluoranthene is a member of the family of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon chemicals. Fluoranthene exposure to humans may occur as a result of cigarette smoking, consumption of contaminated food and water, heating woods in stoves and boilers, ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate how the vehicles of choice affect the pharmacokinetics of orally administered Fluoranthene [FLA] in rats. Fluoranthene is a member of the family of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon chemicals. Fluoranthene exposure to humans may occur as a result of cigarette smoking, consumption of contaminated food and water, heating woods in stoves and boilers, ...

The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that gives rise to the lining of the gut, the gills, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and derivatives of the pharyngeal pouch. These organs form the gastrointestinal tract and are involved with the absorption, delivery, and metabolism of nutrients. The liver has a central role in regulating these ...

The absorption of cholesterol by the proximal small intestine represents a major pathway for the entry of cholesterol into the body pools. This cholesterol is derived primarily from the bile and the diet. In adult humans, typically several hundred milligrams of cholesterol reach the liver from the intestine daily, with the potential to impact the plasma ...

Conventional liposomal drug delivery has been associated with obvious limitations, such as a rapid absorption by the recticulo-endothelial system in the liver and spleen, a short circulation time and a low therapeutic efficacy. Various modifications of liposomal drugs have been developed to prolong the duration of actions of the drugs at target sites, ...

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model is developed that describes the uptake and release of a hydrophobic organic chemical by a marine mammal over its entire lifetime, i.e., from birth to death. This model is applied to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). The processes treated are growth; uptake from food, ...

Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that plays a crucial role in synthesis of RNA, glycogen, and biomembrane. In humans, uridine is present in plasma in considerably higher quantities than other purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, thus it may be utilized for endogenous pyrimidine synthesis. Uridine has a number of biological effects on a variety of organs with or without disease, such as the ...

The liver X receptors (LXRs) are key regulators of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Natural ligands and activators of LXRs are oxysterols. Numerous steroidal and non-steroidal synthetic LXR ligands are under development as potential drugs for individuals suffering from lipid disorders. N,N-dimethyl-3�-hydroxycholenamide (DMHCA) is a steroidal ligand of LXRs that ...

This volume presents information on the following topics: the effect of dietary fiber on growing pigs; preparation of a cerebral perfusion model in the pig - anatomic considerations; a review of the utilization of lactose, glucose, sucrose, and cornstarch by neonatal piglets reared artificially; histology of piglet liver, swine hematology; use of swine as a model of ...

We measured the concentration of several elements (arsenic [As], calcium [Ca], cadmium [Cd], copper [Cu], nickel [Ni], lead [Pb], selenium [Se] and zinc [Zn]) in adult and nestling pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and great tits (Parus major) at different distances to a Cu-Ni smelter in 2009. Feces of nestlings generally failed to correspond with internal element concentrations but reflected ...

This paper discusses current information on the biological behavior of americium and describes a biokinetic model for americium in humans. Emphasis is on the time-dependent distribution and excretion of systemic americium in the adult, but potential differences with age in parameter values are addressed, and predictive models of absorption of americium to blood from the ...