This report gives a short introduction to the principles of absorption refrigeration plants. A measuring program for a large lithium bromide-water absorption refrigeration plant has been conducted during the summer 1987 at Herlev Hospital. The plant is ...

This report describes the modifications and repairs made to the 200 ton absorption refrigeration pilot plant since April 1992, when Clarkson University assumed responsibility for it. Current operating problems and the performance of the plant, achieved to...

The first step in the economic analysis of the integration of geothermally powered absorption refrigeration into a food processing plant was an evaluation of the potential geothermal sites in the Western United States. The evaluation covered availability ...

Ammonia has been used as a refrigerant for more than 100 years in absorption as well as compression systems, and a tremendous amount of practical experience exists. Today it is applied largely in heavy industrial plant with reciprocating or screw compress...

Design data for absorption refrigeration pilot plants utilizing low quality waste heat from commercial manufacturing operations is described. This facility is being developed as an energy source for commercial freezing and cold storage. Successful completion of this project will have a major impact on energy saving in food ...

A Vapor Absorption Refrigeration (VAR) System is similar to a Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) System. In both systems the required refrigeration is provided by refrigerants vaporizing in the evaporator. However, in the VAR System, a physico-chemical process replaces the mechanical process ...

Absorption refrigeration technology can be an economical and cost effective means of reducing energy cost and/or improving the efficiency and output of your process. We believe the potential benefits of absorption refrigeration technology have generally been overlooked by the process industry. This paper will ...

A lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine, using a water solution of lithium bromide as the

... Accession Number : AD0276467. Title : MECHANICS OF HEAT PUMPS AND ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. ...

An analysis is made of the possibility of utilizing waste heat from a proposed gas-turbine fishing-vessel propulsion engine to power a refrigeration plant. On the basis of superior volume, maintenance and reliability, and cost and availability, the ammonia-water absorption system is chosen over the other waste-heat-driven option ...

The book presents the fundamental principles, systems, and practices of refrigeration. Emphasizing energy conservation, it offers applications of the refrigeration systems and equipment. Topics covered include: physical principles; the vapor compression refrigeration system: Pressure-enthalpy diagrams; thermodynamics of the vapor ...

This book is a fundamental text on refrigeration principles, equipment, and systems. Energy utilization and conservation are stressed. Extensive use is made of tables, charts, and worked-out examples. Contents, abridged: Physical principles. Heat transfer in refrigeration: evaporators. Absorption refrigeration. ...

It is shown that the inertia of a solar refrigerator depends on the heat capacity of the working solution contained by it. Various combinations of refrigerants are tested. 7 references.

The study deals with a solar system for refrigeration specially designed for remote areas. The thermodynamic cycle, using an ammonia-water absorption, only consumes thermal energy and is easy and cheap to produce by direct conversion of solar radiation. I...

In summer absorption refrigerating machines provide cold water using excess heat from municipal thermoelectric power plant through district heating pipelines, which reduces peak electric load from electricity networks in summer. The paper simulates annual dynamic load of a real project to calculate the first investments, annual ...

This report describes the modifications and repairs made to the 200 ton absorption refrigeration pilot plant since April 1992, when Clarkson University assumed responsibility for it. Current operating problems and the performance of the plant, achieved to date, are detailed. Performance has been limited by small ...

An automatic process gas chromatograph analytical system has been designed for monitoring a pilot plant absorption process used for the separation and concentration of the rare gases krypton and xenon. Chromatographic columns have been developed which allow analysis of a wide variety of gases from simple mixtures of nitrogen, krypton, and ...

A lithium bromide absorption chiller has been successfully used to provide refrigeration for field conditioning of natural gas. The intent of the study was to identify a process that could provide a moderate level of refrigeration necessary to meet the quality restrictions required by natural-gas transmission companies, minimize the ...

A dilution cycle control system for an absorption refrigeration system is disclosed. The control system includes a time delay relay for sensing shutdown of the absorption refrigeration system and for generating a control signal only after expiration of a preselected time period measured from the sensed shutdown of ...

A dilution cycle control system for an absorption refrigeration system is disclosed. The control system includes a time delay relay for sensing shutdown of the absorption refrigeration system and for generating a control signal only after expiration of a preselected time period measured from the sensed shutdown of ...

The first step in the economic analysis of the integration of geothermally powered absorption refrigeration into a food processing plant was an evaluation of the potential geothermal sites in the Western United States. The evaluation covered availability of raw materials, transportation, adequate geothermal source, labor, and other ...

Various technical options for developing a solar operated refrigerator were discussed. Their suitability for being used as a vaccine store for the conditions specified by the World Health Organization Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) were evaluated. A model to predict the performance of a photovoltaic refrigerator was developed and used to identify ...

Data are presented for gas plant capacities and production by country, by companies within each country, and by state or province within larger countries. Data are presented for total capacity as well as for average production of ethane, propane, isobutane, butane, LP-gas mixtures, raw NGL mixtures, natural gasoline, and other products. Processes are ...

The refrigerated trailer and container segments of the transportation industry are evaluated as potential entry markets for a proposed absorption refrigeration technology. To perform this analysis the existing transportation refrigeration industry is char...

The determination of properties of zeolite/refrigerant combinations of solar refrigeration systems are reviewed in this final report. The US DOE has funded several studies aimed at identifying potential rerigerant/absorption pairs for solar cooling applic...

A first-of-its-kind Waste Heat Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant (WHAARP�) was installed by Planetec Utility Services Co., Inc. in partnership with Energy Concepts Co. at Ultramar Diamond Shamrock's 30,000 barrel per day refinery in Denver, Colorado. The refrigeration unit is designed to provide ...

The bibliography contains citations of selected patents concerning the design and application of absorption refrigeration systems. Citations cover refrigeration, cooling/heating, and chilling devices. Combination heat pump/absorption and mechanical/absorption refrigeration ...

Because the absorption refrigeration system uses the Lithium bromide- water solution as refrigerant, it is profitable for the environment that human beings are living since the values of ODP and GWP of the refrigerant almost are zero. However, the low COP of the absorption machine was limited ...

The work described in the present paper was aimed at designing, constructing, and testing a 1-ton solar powered continuous ammonia-water absorption system for cold storage applications. Tests with ammonia-sodium thiocyanate also are planned. The results obtained with the system indicate that 10 to 20-ton capacity refrigeration plants ...

In the Buenos Aires province of Argentina, Gas de Estado is constructing the future heart of the petrochemical complex, Bahia Blanca. The complex contains 2 absorption-refrigeration plants, a gas compressing plant, equipment maintenance shops and an important operations base for the Argentine truck gas pipelines. This will be the ...

Requirements for cooling are related to the need to be able to maintain foodstuffs in good condition with the aid of refrigeration and the desirability to provide a comfortable indoor environment by air conditioning. The representation of the desired conditions in a room by a point on a psychrometric chart is considered together with processes of sensible cooling, cooling and ...

Because the severe conditions imposed by ambient temperatures on solar refrigeration equipment in the tropics limit the choice of an absorption system, the thermokinetic characteristics of a calcium chloride/ammonia absorption cycle were examined. The refrigeration equipment employed works in two stages: ...

Planetec Utility Services Co. Inc. and Energy Concepts Co. (ECC), with the help of the US Department of Energy (DOE), developed and commissioned a unique waste-heat powered LPG recovery plant in August 1997 at the 30,000 b/d Denver refinery, operated by Ultramar Diamond Shamrock (UDS). This new environmentally friendly technology reduces flare emissions and the loss of salable ...

Artificial means of providing or removing heat from the building are discussed along with the problem of the appropriate building design and construction for a suitable heat climate inside the building. The use of a lithium bromide-water absorption chiller, powered by a hot water store heated by an array of stationary flat collectors, is analyzed. An iterative method of ...

The refrigeration system for the generator has been designed in cooperation with the manufacturer of generators. The requirements for the refrigerator have been fixed. The basic engineering, including the specifications of machines and apparatus, and a re...

Several conceptual processes for the capture of CO(sub 2) from power-plant flue gas are listed, with an emphasis on refrigeration and compression as a promising process to compete with amine absorption. At conditions that are industrially achievable (temp...

Solar-Powered Refrigeration can help people in the developing countries to reduce a tremendous loss of foodstuffs because of lacking preservation facilities. Also for the preservation of medical supplies, especially vaccine, refrigeration is urgently need...

A cogeneration system is a slave to two masters - steam and electric power. Refrigeration service, on the other hand, is provided either by electricity, which drives a compressor, or by thermal energy, from which available energy is extracted to perform useful work as in the absorption refrigeration machine. As a result, a ...

An air-cooled, vertical tube absorber for an absorption refrigeration system is disclosed. Strong absorbent solution is supplied to the top of the absorber and refrigerant vapor is supplied to the bottom of the absorber to create a direct counterflow of refrigerant vapor and absorbent solution in the absorber. The ...

This article consists of two tables. The first tabulates gas processing capacities by country (by state or province for the US and Canada). Production is divided into ethane, propane, isobutane, process of unsplit butanes, LP-gas mixtures, raw NGL mixtures, debutanized natural gasoline, other, and total products. The second table expands the first table to include company names, ...

The method described is for the removal of oils accumulating in a liquid refrigerant and for returning the refrigerant system. This method is particularly applicable to the process of recovering natural gasoline from natural gas by refrigeration and absorption. A small stream of the liquid ...

This guide is intended to help refrigeration contractors to install commercial refrigeration equipment in the most energy efficient way. The guide demonstrates that installing refrigeration systems to attain their maximum potential energy efficiency also ...

The absorption refrigerator can be considered a thermal transformer, that is, a device that is analogous to the electric transformer. The analogy is based on the correspondence between the extensive quantities, entropy and electric charge and the intensive variables, temperature and electric potential. (Contains 1 footnote and 6 figures.)

The thermodynamic properties of the R22- N,N-dimethylformamide system and the R22- isobuthylacetate system were measured in order to decide whether or not these mixtures were suited for absorption refrigeration. The specific gravity, the viscosity, the su...

The article describes the use of ammonium screw compressors as booster compressors in ship's refrigerating plants. These compressors reduce the size and maintenance of the plants.

A seven-effect absorption refrigeration cycle is disclosed utilizing three absorption circuits. In addition, a heat exchanger is used for heating the generator of the low absorption circuit with heat rejected from the condenser and absorber of the medium absorption circuit. A heat exchanger is ...

A seven-effect absorption refrigeration cycle is disclosed utilizing three absorption circuits. In addition, a heat exchanger is used for heating the generator of the low absorption circuit with heat rejected from the condenser and absorber of the medium absorption circuit. A heat exchanger is ...

This work provides a collection of worked problems on engineering cycles. Contents: Simple Power and Refrigerating Plants: Power plant performance parameters, simple steam plant, simple closed-circuit gas-turbine plant, internal-combustion power plant, simple ...

... calculation for timeline for degradation of the ... ineffectiveness of the CO2 absorption units was ... conditioners, refrigerators and chillers; ingredient in ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 EPRI Target 46.1: Degraded or Reclaimed Power Plant Cooling Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 SOLICITATION 00-04 AWARDS An Integrated Anti-Fouling Technology for Energy Efficient Chillers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

This study deals with a solar system for refrigeration specially designed for remote areas conditions. So, it must be very simple and reliable, and in addition it must be also mechanically self-operating. The thermodynamic cycle used is an ammonia-water a...

This study deals with a solar system for refrigeration specially designed for remote areas conditions. So, it must be very simple and reliable, and in addition it must be also mechanically self-operating. The thermodynamic cycle used is an ammonia-water absorption one. It consumes only thermal energy, which is easily and cheaply converted directly from ...

An absorption refrigeration system has an intermediate temperature desorber-resorber pair. A valve between the desorber-resorber pair is modulated to control the capacity for load matching.

An absorption refrigeration system has an intermediate temperature desorber-resorber pair. A valve between the desorber-resorber pair is modulated to control the capacity for load matching.

A solar-powered absorption refrigeration apparatus is described comprised of: (a) a pressure vessel of approximately circular cross-section for containment of a liquid absorbent solution containing absorbed refrigerant; (b) a solar-radiation reflector for concentrating solar radiation onto the pressure vessel; (c) a condenser for ...

The report describes an investigation of heat recovery from the refrigeration plant at the ice hockey rinks outdoors and in the stadium building at the Bjoerkaeng athletics centre. Heat emitted by the refrigeration plant is utilized for heating of the sta...

This report discusses the following criteria for the SSC helium refrigerator: Cryogenic system description; required services for the magnet system; transport of cryogenic fluids around the rings; steady state loads; magnet system cooldown; helium storage facility; refrigerator requirements after a quench; refrigerator capacity; ...

Up to 90% of the escaping hydrocarbon vapors can be safely and efficiently recovered by means of a new system whose functions are based on the principles of refrigeration and low pressure. These vapors, which are quite valuable when recovered, are generated during the loading of tank cars, tank trucks, and by natural respiration of the storage tanks. Such a system of gasoline ...

An absorption refrigeration and/or heating system is described, comprising: a desorber which absorbs heat and a high relative pressure vaporizes a first volume of refrigerant from a second volume of strong solution leaving a third volume of weak solution; a condenser which releases and condenses the vapor ...

Invention and design of the gas absorption refrigerator of Servel, Inc. "Servel, Inc., the sole manufacturer of gas absorption refrigerators since 1926, introduced the Wonderbar, a compact portable refrigerator designed by industrial designer and Servel VP of Product Planning, Donald Dailey. ...

The problems of energy savings in refrigeration plants are discussed and how a heating and refrigeration plant saves energy with an automatic brush cleaning system for chiller condenser tubes is explained.

The operation of the Georgia Industrial Energy Extension Service (IEES) is described, and IEES case studies involving novel approaches to industrial energy conservation are presented. IEES serves as a vehicle of energy conservation technology transfer, conducting plant surveys in the general industrial sector and making recommendations on the ways surveyed ...

Solar icemaking is a logical technology for developing countries. If solar radiation is harnessed for cooling purposes, the peak supply of useful energy will generally coincide with peak demand for refrigeration, while the use of the solar cooling effect to produce ice will provide energy storage during low radiation periods. This report provides a brief history of ...

During the compatibility study of 10 pure refrigerants with 24 motor materials, it was observed that the greatest damage to the insulation system was caused by absorption of refrigerant followed by rapid desorption. The observed effects were blisters, cracking, internal bubbles and delamination. Measured results includes decreased bond ...

Residue formation in naval Refrigeration-11 plants is a problem. The formation of these residues is attributed to the chemical reaction of the refrigerant with the compressor oil. This reaction produces hydrochloric acid, which is free to react with the o...

The seawater desalination pilot plant at Yanbu in Saudi Arabia is a unique experiment in which an indirect bulk freeze desalination process is integrated with a stand-alone solar cogeneration power plant. Thermal energy is stored in molten salt and is converted into shaft power required for primary refrigeration by a conventional steam ...

The objectives of the research reported is to develop and analyze new concepts for absorption cycles to improve the performance or reduce the cost of a 3-ton absorption chiller that can be used with solar collected heat. New refrigerant-absorbent pairs are investigated, as are additives to currently used ...

A new absorption cycle, using heat as the energy source, was proposed to produce refrigeration. This proposed cycle, referred to as the single-effect regenerative absorption cycle or cycle 1R, has a performance much superior to the well-known basic absorp...

A major reserve for savings in manufacturing is the use of secondary energy resources (SER) to produce refrigeration in absorption refrigeration units (ARU). One possible field of application of refrigeration is the development of the required vacuum in vacuum towers. This paper proposes a scheme for the production ...

Sessions included: HFC blown polyurethanes, carbon dioxide blown foam and extruded polystyrenes, plastic foam insulations, evacuated panel insulation, refrigeration and air conditioning, absorption and adsorption and stirling cycle refrigeration, innovative cooling technologies, and natural refrigerants. Selected ...

Computer programs that determine the basic characteristics of heat pumps for different refrigerants and the interference between refrigerant and oil, and especially reciprocating compressors for heat pumps, are presented. The influence of electric-motor cooling, lubrication, different refrigerants, speed control and partial-load ...

Absorption chillers are heat-operate refrigeration without harmful environmental emissions (CFCs, HCFCS, and HFCS). The machine uses either steam or a gas-fired burner as the energy source and utilizes endothermic evaporation to provide refrigeration to an external process fluid, usually chilled water. In the United States, ...

Language: English ...

Absorption refrigeration systems are one of the oldest systems available. The fundamentals of absorption refrigeration were formulated about 1777, and the first successful absorption machine was developed in 1850. The first U.S. patent for an absorption ...

The characters of the couple CaCl/sub 2/-NH/sub 3/ are examined to employ this binary compound for solar refrigeration; the severe conditions imposed by the daily and nocturnal temperatures in tropical zones limit the choice of absorption systems. The solar refrigerator consists of a generator, a condenser and an evaporator. 9 refs.

The Intermittent Solar Ammonia Absorption Cycle (ISAAC) refrigerator is a solar thermal technology which provides low cost, efficient, reliable ice-making to areas without ready access to electricity. An ISAAC refrigeration system consists of a compound p...

The gas-fired domestic refrigerator is a successful gas-fired appliance which fills a market niche where either low noise or independence from electric power is important. Such applications include hotel room refrigerators, recreational vehicles and remote area refrigeration. Current diffusion-absorption machines ...

Work done in attempting to qualify absorption refrigeration systems based on refrigerants with intermediate latent heats of vaporization is summarized. In practice, these comprise methanol, ammonia, and methylamine. A wide variety of organic substances, s...

A study is made of an absorption solar refrigerator based on a liquid. Particular attention is given to a model solar refrigerator having periodic operation and using ammonia as a cooling agent and water as an absorber. It is found that the apparatus' thermal inertia is a function of heat capacity, generator-absorber mass, and the ...

An air conditioning system making use of waste heat is described comprising a compound absorption refrigeration machine and absorption type heat pump for both cooling and heating. The refrigeration machine and the heat pump are connected in parallel to the load to obtain hot water for utility of air heating, and ...

An absorption refrigeration system is disclosed having a primary condenser--generator unit powered by solar energy, or any other suitable relatively low temperature energy source. A secondary condenser--generator unit is operatively connected to the primary unit. The secondary unit is powered by a refrigerant circuit arranged to move ...

A dual circuit absorption refrigeration system comprising a high temperature single-effect refrigeration loop and a lower temperature double-effect refrigeration loop separate from one another and provided with a double-condenser coupling therebetween. The high temperature condenser of the single-effect ...

In combination with the ground vehicle a powered by a waste heat generating electric motor 16, a cooling system 10 including a generator 17 for driving off refrigerant vapor from a strong refrigerant-absorbant solution, including a solar collector 12, an air-cooled condenser 30 connected with the generator for converting the ...

We look at the operation of compression/absorption cycle machines in order to produce a high-temperature heat pump. The useful effect of the machine lies in the absorber during absorption of vapour with a high refrigerant content by the solution with a lo...

... Accession Number : AD0648406. Title : USE OF SCREW COMPRESSORS IN SHIP'S REFRIGERATING PLANTS,. Corporate ...

... of a refrigerator or television, presence of indoor plumbing, have or have not flown in an airplane, ... that is, were more likely to have indoor plumbing, own a refrigerator or a television, to have ......