The design and operation of a differential absorption lidar system capable of remotely measuring the
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
... Absorptivity/Reflectivity Measurements, and Pulse System Design of the NPS (Naval Postgraduate School) Hydrogen Fluoride/Deuterium Fluoride ...
DTIC Science & Technology
A three ton lithium bromide absorption water chiller was tested for a number of conditions involving
Computer hardware and software of the NASA multipurpose differential absorption lidar (DIAL) sysatem
Solar cooling for commercial applications using open cycle absorption refrigeration systems was investigated. If an open cycle absorption can be operated as a chemical heat pump for winter heating operation, the system offers year round operation that ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This article will cover operating and maintenance considerations for gas cooling equipment with the primary focus on absorption chillers; including discussion of absorption cycles, the importance of maintaining vacuum, scheduled maintenance, controlling the rate of internal corrosion and purge systems.
Energy Citations Database
An absorption refrigeration system utilizing a low temperature desorber and intermediate temperature resorber. The system operates at three temperatures and three pressures to increase the efficiency of the system and is capable of utilizing a lower generator temperature than previously used.
DOE Information Bridge
This patent describes a heat absorption method for an absorption chiller. It comprises: providing a firs absorption system circuit for operation within a first temperature range, providing a second absorption system circuit for ...
Absorption refrigeration systems are one of the oldest systems available. The fundamentals of absorption refrigeration were formulated about 1777, and the first successful absorption machine was developed in 1850. The first U.S. patent for an absorption refrigeration ...
E-print Network
The purpose of this SOP is to outline the start-up, calibration, operation, and maintenance procedures for the Perkin-Elmer 5000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PE 5000 AA), and the Perkin Elmer 5000 Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PE 5000Z GFAA)...
EPA Science Inventory
The reaction of hydrogen isotopes with the storage bed hydride material is exothermic during absorption and endothermic during desorption. Therefore, storage bed operation requires a cooling system to remove heat during absorption, and a heating system to...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A system is presented that controls and acquires data from a Perkin-Elmer 603 or similar atomic absorption spectrophotometer operating in the flame mode and equipped with a 200 place auto-sampler. The hardware consists of a PDP11 computer with minimum peripheral equipment and a s...
The capabilities of the DIAL data acquisition system (DAS) for the remote measurement of atmospheric
For septic tank and soil absorption systems to work properly, homeowners must choose the right kind of system for their household size and soil type, and they must maintain them regularly. This publication explains the treatment, design, operation, and maintenance of septic tank and soil ...
A new system is proposed that is a hybrid, being partly an absorption system and partly a vapor compression system. Hence, it combines the two most popular types of solar refrigeration systems. The proposed system offers the advantages of a lower initial cost than the ...
Solar winter heating and cooling are considered the most promising prospects of solar energy utilization in the near future. The paper presents the feasibility of solar cooling and heating using the solar absorption system. Two mixtures in wide use for absorption cooling systems are NH/sub 3/-H/sub 2/O and H/sub ...
A lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine, using a water solution of lithium bromide as the working substance, is briefly described and illustrated by a line diagram and s-t diagram. The machine operation is analyzed as a two-cycle system: the di...
The development of a heat-actuated air conditioner that can operate with the temperatures available from flat plate solar collectors and use air cooling for disposal of the waste heat was explored using the ammonia water absorption cycle. Results of initial tests of an experimental system that fabricated to provide basic engineering ...
The study deals with a solar system for refrigeration specially designed for remote areas. The thermodynamic cycle, using an ammonia-water absorption, only consumes thermal energy and is easy and cheap to produce by direct conversion of solar radiation. I...
An ammonia--water absorption air conditioning system has been tested to investigate the stability of operation near the cut-off conditions. Circulation ratios were from 8 to 30. Relations for the estimation of the coefficient of performance and for the prediction of operating temperatures were derived and verified ...
... and total energy absorption between fielded and now ... frame upright tubes and two inside the lower ... a system of six rolling torus energy absorbers ...
System and operating techniques for high resolution radio frequency measurements of Faraday rotation
The influence of protein synthesis and nitrate reductase activity on nitrate absorption by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was investigated. Cycloheximide decreased nitrate absorption. Pretreatment studies showed that cycloheximide affects either energy transfer or nitrate reductase activity or both.Illumination increased plant capacity for nitrate ...
PubMed Central
A commercial, double-beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer has been interfaced with a sample changer and a Hewlett-Packard 9810A calculator to yield a completely automated analysis system. The interface electronics can be easily constructed and should be adaptable to any double-beam atomic absorption instrument. The calculator is ...
Description of the design and testing of a residential solar cooling system consisting of a solar energy collector and heat conversion assembly, an absorption-diffusion cooling assembly for daytime use, and an absorption-type cooling unit for night use. Tables list temperatures and pressures of the ammonia-water working fluid at ...
The surface thermal lensing technique (STL) successfully resolved and measured the absorptance of transmissive optical components: near- normal angle-of-incidence anti-reflectors and beam splatters. The STL system uses an Ar ion laser to pump the components at 514.5 mn. The absorptance-induced surface deformation diffracts the HeNe ...
The chemical composition of a 'best' absorption refrigerant system is identified, and those properties of the system necessary to design hot water operated, air cooled chilling equipment are determined. Air cooled chillers from single family residential sizes into the commercial rooftop size range are designed and ...
Nanoelectronic devices form the building blocks of the nanoscaled systems and require innovative technologies for their realization. Single Electron Transistors (SET) is a novel class of nano transistor which operates on the principle of Coulomb blockade....
The transient performance of a commercial residential 3 ton lithium-bromide/water absorption chiller is studied. Emphasis was placed on separating the chiller response from that of the entire test facility so that its transient response could solely be observed and quantified. It was found that the entire system time response and thermal capacitance has a ...
A Reactive Atmosphere Process - Bridgman crystal growth system has been placed in operation. The 10.6 ..mu..m absorption has been measured for several KCl crystals grown in this system. The crystals show an absorption coefficient of 0.0004/cm-0.0006/cm. The effect of ionizing radiation on the ...
A fluidized countercurrent ion-exchange system was developed, operated, and evaluated by the Bureau of Mines. The system consisted of integrated multiple-compartment absorption and elution columns in which the solution flows are continuous except for shor...
A fluidized countercurrent ion-exchange system was developed, operated, and evaluated by the Bureau of Mines. The system consisted of integrated multiple-compartment absorption and elution columns in which the solution flows were continuous except for sho...
Solar absorption cooling systems are viewed as potential alternatives to fossil-fuel-based conventional cooling systems. This view is investigated in this paper from the point of view of the energy balance of solar absorption and conventional systems. The paper investigates the primary energy ...
... Title : Sensitivity of Ion Absorption of Room Temperature Operating Single Electron Transistors. Descriptive Note : Conference paper. ...
... Accession Number : AD0737355. Title : An Operational Approach to Forecasting Polar Cap Absorption (PCA) Events. Descriptive ...
The construction and operation of an automated system with the capability of making either fluorescence or absorption measurements is described. The automated system consists of five major subsystems: the source, the optical instrument, the detector and transducer circuits, the control and interface electronics, ...
A hybrid double-absorption system using LiCl-H2O solution as a working fluid is proposed in this paper. This system can operate at low source temperature (55 C-80 C), requires lower blower power than a desiccant system, and has a higher system C.O.P. A modification of this ...
This study deals with a solar system for refrigeration specially designed for remote areas conditions. So, it must be very simple and reliable, and in addition it must be also mechanically self-operating. The thermodynamic cycle used is an ammonia-water absorption one. It consumes only thermal energy, which is easily and cheaply ...
The fractional absorption which can be obtained using a single-mode laser with an internal absorption cell is compared to the fractional absorption obtainable with the more conventional system of a laser with an external absorption cell.
In this paper, life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of waste heat operated vapour absorption air conditioning system (VARS) incorporated in a building cogeneration system is presented and discussed. The life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) based on present worth cost (PWC) method, which covers the initial costs, ...
An improvement in an absorption heat pump cycle is obtained by adding adiabatic absorption and desorption steps to the absorber and desorber of the system. The adiabatic processes make it possible to obtain the highest temperature in the absorber before any heat is removed from it and the lowest temperature in the desorber before heat ...
A detailed analysis of the solar absorption cooling process as represented by the NSDN system is presented. There is comprehensive data on eight solar cooling systems in the NSDN. Among these eight systems solar cooling by an absorption chiller is not a cost effective method to use solar heat. ...
switching stability of the absorptive/transmissive poly(bisEDOT-PyrPyr-Hx2) ECD demonstrate that the system falling only to 70% at 10 m. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) operating in the mid- infrared region, there is a strong need for absorptive/transmissive window-type ECDs that can operate ...
Experimental data from various catalytic and noncatalytic coal liquefaction pilot plant operations have been analyzed. Semiempirical correlations are formulated to describe the reactor operation; namely the hydrogen absorption and product yield in coal li...
Aktiebolaget Electrolux, Sweden, has introduced an absorption-refrigeration apparatus that allows the user to choose between two operating modes: economical or high-performance operation. The device comprises (1) a single-pipe boiler system having a pump and a standpipe containing a rectifier and (2) a boiler ...
An interferometric riometer system with a swept frequency range of 19 to 41 MHz operates at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories' Sagamore Hill Observatory. Matching of the system to its functional principle required basic modifications in the op...
Reynolds Equipment Co. briefly describes some of the odorizers employed in natural-gas systems. Odorizers operate on absorption, injection, or titration mechanisms that vary widely in complexity and accuracy from a simple wick type to completed automated systems that accurately proportion the odorant to the gas ...
The question of whether a high voltage direct current (HVDC) circuit breaker is needed in the HVDC power system is addressed. The ratings the circuit breaker must have regarding speed of operation, energy absorption, continuous and interrupting current, and voltage are examined.
A 3-ton lithium bromide absorption water chiller was tested for a number of conditions involving hot-water input, chilled water, and the cooling water. The primary influences on chiller capacity were the hot water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet temperature. One combination of these two parameters extended the output to as much as 125% of design capacity, but no ...
Air conditioning by absorption refrigeration that utilizes heat recovered from engines and from incineration of solid waste is a utility service that can be included in a MIUS. This report reviews the suitability of lithium bromide--water absorption refrigeration for such an application. Types and sizes of units manufactured and their ...
In this paper a computer package for the design and optimization of the simple Li-Br absorption air conditioning system, operated by solar energy, is developed in order to study its performance. This was necessary, as a first step, before carrying out any computations regarding the dual system (1-3). The computer ...
Air conditioning systems have a major impact on energy demand. With fossil fuels fast depleting, it is imperative to look for cooling systems that require less high-grade energy for their operation. In this context, absorption cooling systems have become increasingly popular in recent years ...
A new process, phase enhanced absorption, was invented. The method is carried out in an absorber, where a liquid carrier (aqueous solution), an organic mixture (or organic compound), and a gas mixture containing a gas to be absorbed are introduced from an inlet. Since the organic mixture is immiscible or at least partially immiscible with the liquid carrier, the organic ...
The location of gases that are not visible to the unaided human eye can be determined using tuned light sources that spectroscopically probe the gases and cameras that can provide images corresponding to the absorption of the gases. The present invention is a light source for a backscatter absorption gas imaging (BAGI) system, and a ...
A single-ended laser radar (LIDAR) system was designed, built, and successfully operated to measure range-resolved concentrations of NO2, SO2, and O3 in the atmosphere using a Differential Absorption of Scattered Energy (DASE) LIDAR technique. The system used a flash-lamp pumped ...
An air conditioning system making use of waste heat is described comprising a compound absorption refrigeration machine and absorption type heat pump for both cooling and heating. The refrigeration machine and the heat pump are connected in parallel to the load to obtain hot water for utility of air heating, and the refrigeration ...
An absorption refrigeration system is disclosed having a primary condenser--generator unit powered by solar energy, or any other suitable relatively low temperature energy source. A secondary condenser--generator unit is operatively connected to the primary unit. The secondary unit is powered by a refrigerant circuit arranged to move ...
The Photovoltaic-Thermal research program schedule is diagrammed. Specifications are given for the combined concentrator Thermal-Photovoltaic Collector Array. The specifications are such as to make the array compatible with a test facility being constructed. Preliminary system checks, manual operation tests, and computer operation ...
Recent parameterization of absorption cross sections for any system of charged ion collisions, including proton-nucleus collisions, is extended for neutron-nucleus collisions valid from approx. 1 MeV to a few GeV, thus providing a comprehensive picture of absorption cross sections for any system of collision pairs ...
Page 1. i Modeling Multiple Scattering and Absorption for a Differential Absorption LIDAR System by Daniel D. Blevins BS ...
To identify the origin of this missing absorption, a spectrum-resolving ... the albedo of the system and add to the atmospheric absorption. ...
NASA Website
It used to be that the only alternative to costly electric air conditioning was the double-effect gas-fired absorption chiller/heaters. Beginning in the 1980's, they were the "star" equipment promoted by gas companies throughout the nation. Although not a new technology at the time, neither was the gas engine. But now in the 19901s, gas engine-drive (GED) chillers have "hit" ...
A review of the polyspherical approach to the kinetic operators for polyatomic molecules is given. This approach provides general and correct forms of the kinetic energy operator (KEO) expressed in terms of curvilinear coordinates. These forms are well adapted to the physical description of molecular systems and to the numerical ...
A heat exchanger bypass system for an absorption refrigeration system is disclosed. The bypass system operates to pass strong solution from the generator around the heat exchanger to the absorber of the absorption refrigeration system when strong ...
DOEpatents
The results of two studies are reported: (1) the effects of construction practices upon soil hydraulic properties; and (2) field examination of the effects of operational strategies upon soil infiltration properties. The investigation of construction practices showed that heavy m...
In comparison with conventional absorption heat pump processes the solid and porous zeolite adsorber permits a simpler and a more advantageous procedure. The operation of a zeolite adsorption cycle is illustrated in Figure 1. The entire system consists of...
A compact hydride absorption refrigeration system with few moving parts for 10 Kelvin operation is disclosed and comprises liquid hydrogen producing means in combination with means for solidifying and subliming the liquid hydrogen produced. The liquid hyd...
This is the Final Report for two solar cooling projects under this Cooperative Agreement. The first solar cooling project is a roof-integrated solar cooling and heating system, called the Power Roof(trademark), which began operation in Raleigh, North Caro...
The stability of the NRL mode-locked Nd-YAG system has been measured and experimentally optimized for long term operation. It was found that the most important parameter was the stability of the dye absorption coefficient. It was also found that it is nec...
nonlinear function (Equation 3) was used in Burenkov et al. ..... Many approaches exist to obtain an approximate solution to the radiative transfer equation, ... The normalized pigment absorption is given as a hyperbolic tangent ...
A generalized model of microwave freeze dehydration is presented including the efficiency of power absorption, the mass flow rates of water and water vapor, and the parameters characterizing corona breakdown at the 2450 MHz operating frequency. The effect...
MACHINE MONITORING USING PROBABILITY THRESHOLDS AND SYSTEM OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS Stephen M. The absorption behavior of the process represented by equation (39), and in particular the distribution by equation (39). The key to establishing the Markovian properties of MPR is that the probability the machine
By surrounding the absorber-heat exchanger component of a solar collector with a glass-enclosed evacuated space and by providing the absorber with a selective surface, solar collectors can operate at efficiencies exceeding 50% under conditions of delta T/...
The Federal Ministry for Research and Technology has supported a development program in which a demonstration plant integrated in the Saar district heating grid will be built. This plant will help to gain operational experience o an industrial scale and t...
This paper presents the measurement of the carbon monoxide concentration in industry field by scanning absorption spectrum. In the measurement, the frequency of DFB laser is stabilized in the central frequency point of absorption peak in 1.57?m absorption band of carbon monoxide by a control system with a standard ...
Proximal or distal small-bowel resection was performed on female Wistar rats. Water, glucose, electrolyte, and bile acid absorption from the perfusate was studied in bile-fistula sham-operated rats and in animals 3 months after intestinal resection, using an in-vivo recirculation perfusion system. The jejunum and caecum, but not the ...
Operational circumstances of heat pump systems for industrial use were widely investigated to open their successful cases in practical applications to the public and to widely spread them throughout the industrial sector. As a summary of questionaire totaled 144 cases, 79 cases were motor-operated heat pumps, 37 cases ...
We establish a limiting absorption principle for some long range perturbations of the Dirac systems at threshold energies. We cover multi-center interactions with small coupling constants. The analysis is reduced to studying a family of non-self-adjoint operators. The technique is based on a positive commutator theory for ...
This paper describes an experimental investigation of a single-effect absorption using aqueous lithium-bromide as working fluid. A 2 kW cooling capacity experimental refrigerator was tested with various operating temperatures. It was found that the solution circulation ratio (SCR) has a strong effect on the system performance. The ...
... on military and naval science, operational warfare ... Absorption and Desorption of Bis(2-Chloroethyl ... treatment from extraneous effects produced by ...
