... test apparatus designed to simulate the Stirling refrigeration cycle. ... Coolers; Stirling cycle; Thermoacoustic refrigerators; Refrigerators; ...
NASA Website
... Title : Internal Heater Module for Cryogenic Refrigerators and Stirling Heat Engines. ... refrigerator, or to a Stirling cycle heat engine, with and by the ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Compatibility of the Brayton power and refrigeration cycles is considered. Performance of the power-
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Recent activities in refrigeration technology in Japan are discussed. Stirling cycle refrigerators and magnetic refrigerators are discussed. The development of units for use on trains is discussed.
Energy Citations Database
... Accession Number : AD0886824. Title : Vuilleumier Cycle Cryogenic Refrigeration System for Missile Guidance Applications. ...
... Accession Number : AD0886823. Title : Vuilleumier Cycle Cryogenic Refrigeration System for Infrared Scanner Applications. ...
... Accession Number : AD0841543. Title : VUILLEUMIER CYCLE CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATOR DEVELOPMENT. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...
A Stirling-cycle refrigerator has a three-pump configuration and pumping sequence, in which one pump
Sep 16, 2010 ... The cold cycle dilution refrigerator is a continuous refrigerator capable of cooling to temperatures below 100 mK that makes use of a novel ...
This thesis is a theoretical and experimental study of the thermodynamics of the Stirling cycle, operating as a refrigerator or heat pump. The thesis shows that the Stirling cycle is able to compete with the vapour compression cycle, in terms of energy ef...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
An apparatus and method for warm-liquid defrosting of the evaporator of a refrigeration system. The apparatus includes a first refrigerant expansion device that selectively expands refrigerant for cooling the evaporator, a second refrigerant expansion device that selectively expands the ...
DOEpatents
The book presents the fundamental principles, systems, and practices of refrigeration. Emphasizing energy conservation, it offers applications of the refrigeration systems and equipment. Topics covered include: physical principles; the vapor compression refrigeration system: Pressure-enthalpy diagrams; thermodynamics of the vapor ...
This invention relates to heating and cooling systems and more particularly to an improved system utilizing a Stirling Cycle engine heat pump in a refrigeration cycle. 18 figs.
This invention relates to heating and cooling systems and more particularly to an improved system utilizing a Stirling Cycle engine heat pump in a refrigeration cycle.
DOE Information Bridge
This bibliography contains citations concerning cryogenics using magnetic refrigerants. Refrigerant properties, magnetic materials, and thermal characteristics are discussed. Magnetic refrigerators are used for helium liquefaction, cooling superconductors, and superfluid helium production. Carnot-cycle ...
The bibliography contains citations concerning cryogenics using magnetic refrigerants. Refrigerant properties, magnetic materials, and thermal characteristics are discussed. Magnetic refrigerators are used for helium liquefaction, cooling superconductors, and superfluid helium production. Carnot-cycle ...
The report describes the accomplishments on the development of an air cooled Vuilleumier (VM) cycle, cryogenic refrigeration system for cooling an advanced low altitude infrared scanner system. The refrigeration system consists of the refrigerator and a c...
Contents: Introduction-Helium as a refrigerant; The relationship of refrigerators and liquefiers; Counterflow heat exchangers; The Joule-Thomson process; The Brayton and Claude cycles; Expanders; The Gifford-McMahon cycle; Modern refrigerators and liquefi...
The concepts of generalized polytropic processes and polytropic refrigeration cycles, which consist of two isothermal processes and two generalized polytropic processes of paramagnetic salt, are introduced. It is shown that such a class of general magnetic refrigeration cycles, which includes the Carnot, Stirling, ...
... Abstract : In published analyses of the Vuilleumier refrigeration cycle, it has been assumed that the gas in the various volumes of the system go ...
... Abstract : The patent relates to the hot cylinder for a Vuilleumier cycle cryogenic refrigerator having an annular liner positioned between the hot ...
Modular adsorption/Joule-Thomson-effect refrigerator offers fast regeneration; adsorption/desorption
A refrigeration cycle is proposed for development which can reduce compressor work and increase cooling effect, by eliminating a portion of the ...
Closed-cycle operation of molecular adsorption refrigeration systems (MARS) has been demonstrated by
The major advantages of this refrigeration system include modular capability, ... Terrestrial application include freon- free refrigeration systems for ...
... Title : Transient Optimization of a Brayton Cycle ... Brayton cycle, Performance( Engineering), Optimization, Cooling, Rates, Transients. ...
Because manufacturers of household refrigerators are facing two important problems, the replacement of refrigerant R12 and the need to improve efficiency, there is a need to develop a model of the refrigerator which greatly reduces the computer time required to evaluate the refrigeration cycle. ...
A process and apparatus is described for liquefying natural gas using two closed cycle, multicomponent refrigerants wherein a low level refrigerant cools and liquefies the gas by indirect heat exchange and a high level refrigerant cools and partially liquefies the low level refrigerant by ...
The present invention is intended to remove foreign matter such as worn powder in a refrigerating cycle and enhance the reliability in a refrigerating cycle using, in particular, HFC refrigerant. In the invention, accordingly, a coil shaped connection piping is provided in at least front ...
US Patent & Trademark Office Database
... Accession Number : AD0888992. Title : Vuilleumier Cycle Cryogenic Refrigeration System Technology Report. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...
... Accession Number : ADA027055. Title : Vuilleumier Cycle Cryogenic Refrigeration. Descriptive Note : Final rept. Feb-Aug 1975. ...
... Title : Two-Stage Vuilleumier Cycle Cryogenic Refrigeration System for Advanced Forward Looking Infrared (AFLIR) Applications. ...
This report describes a data acquisition and display system that automatically monitors the performance of the 4.5 -K closed-cycle refrigerators used to ...
rotary, reciprocating; 6) Vuilleumier cycle refrigerator; 7) Joule-Thompson ... Vuilleumier Cycle Refrigerator (VM - Third-Stage) in Develoment at ...
... Abstract : The object of this program was to develop a Split-Stirling cycle cooler capable of producing .6 watts of refrigeration in a 120 F ambient ...
This report describes the development of an ultraminiature, Vuilleumier (VM) cycle, cryogenic refrigeration system for infrared type systems. The refrigerator that was designed and fabricated is a liquid cooled machine producing 0.75 watt of refrigeration...
The refrigerated food/medical sample storage compartment as a kit to the space shuttle orbiter is examined. To maintain the -10 F in the freezer kit, an active refrigeration unit is required, and an air cooled Stirling Cycle refrigerator was selected. The...
A refrigeration system/cycle includes two or more refrigeration stages, in which one or more of the warmer stages provide(s) cooling to partially compensate for heat leakage that would otherwise leak to the colder stage(s). The refrigeration system includ...
The report describes the development of a Vuilleumier (VM) cycle, cryogenic refrigeration system for forward looking infrared (FLIR) type systems. The refrigerator that was designed and fabricated is a liquid cooled, two-stage machine composed of the refr...
A lower stage chemisorption refrigeration system physically and functionally coupled to an upper stage physical adsorption refrigeration system is disclosed. Waste heat generated by the lower stage cycle is regenerated to fuel the upper stage cycle thereb...
The wave length of an infrared, semiconductor laser diode is maintained substantially constant by maintaining the diode temperature constant. The diode is carried by a cold tip of a closed cycle helium refrigerator. The refrigerator has a tendency to caus...
The coefficient of performance of the Ericsson refrigeration cycle of paramagnetic salt is derived. It is used to discuss the performance of the refrigerators. Thereby, it is expounded that the refrigerators have some new characteristics.
from the storage tank during refrigerator cooldown. The heat exchanger .... 20000 hours of operation and has exhibited no failures or significant symptoms ... with closed- cycle helium refrigeration systems. The author also thanks ...
Work on a miniature, reciprocating, closed-cycle cryogenic refrigerator for space applications has been under way since mid-1962. Now in an advanced stage of development, the refrigerator uses a reversed Brayton cycle to achieve a capacity of 2 watts at 7...
In its most basic version, the chemically assisted mechanical, CAM, refrigeration cycle operates as follows: A pressurized solution of refrigerant gas dissolved in a liquid solvent is introduced into an evaporator-effervescer, EE, where, at reduced pressu...
The aim of the paper is to present the performance characteristics of a Stirling refrigeration cycle in micro/nano scale, in which the working substance of cycle is an ideal Maxwellian gas. Due to the quantum boundary effect on the gas particles confined in the finite domain, the cycle no longer possesses the ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
... 4. Regenerators----- 55 ... with displacers, two thermal regenerators, three heat exchange areas, connecting ...
A lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine, using a water solution of lithium bromide as the
... AD0680592. Title : CALCULATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE OF A VAPOR CYCLE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. ...
The paper discusses a refrigerator/freezer (RF) system that has two complete and independent refrigeration cycles for the two compartments. It uses a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture (NARM) in each cycle and countercurrent heat exchangers throughout. This RF is housed in a stan...
EPA Science Inventory
Malone refrigeration is the use of a liquid near its critical points without evaporations as working fluid in a regenerative or recuperative refrigeration cycle such as the Stirling and Brayton cycles. It's potential advantages include compactness, efficiency, an environmentally benign working fluid, and ...
Malone refrigeration is the use of a liquid near its critical points without evaporations as working fluid in a regenerative or recuperative refrigeration cycle such as the Stirling and Brayton cycles. It`s potential advantages include compactness, efficiency, an environmentally benign working fluid, and reasonable ...
A loss of refrigerant and/or high discharge temperature detection and control system for a reverse cycle refrigeration system is given. It provides a fault indication whenever the temperature of the compressor discharge refrigerant is at or above a predetermined value (which value is a function of the magnitude of ...
Nowadays, the problem of the environment goes worse, it urges people to research and study new energy-saving and environment-friendly refrigerants, such as carbon dioxide, at present, people do research on carbon dioxide at home and abroad. This paper introduces the property of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, sums up and analyses carbon dioxide ...
A process for the liquefaction of natural gas is described which employs a multi-component refrigeration system and a second independent refrigeration system. The process differs from the prior art processes in that the feed gas is cooled only by the independent refrigeration system until it has been freed of those components which ...
The design and optimization of a cryogenic refrigerator using the LBL computer program GEOTHM are described. This computer program has been used extensively to design and optimize geothermal power plants and power cycles of other types. GEOTHM can calculate the thermodynamics of a wide variety of cycles including ...
Refrigeration processes (Joule-Thomson expansion, Brayton cycle, Stirling cycle, and Claude cycle) were investigated, together with the reheat concept. The applicability of conventional turbine design methods to refrigeration systems was demonstrated. Efficiencies of 80% in a turbine ...
In this research project, a novel concept that combines a conventional refrigeration cycle and spray cooling technique into one system is proposed as the ...
The objective of the program was to investigate the applicability of scroll fluid machinery (compressors and expanders) to cryogenic helium refrigerators or liquefiers for superconductive ship propulsion systems. Thermodynamic cycles for appropriate refri...
Refrigeration compatibility is reduced to the consideration of the materials ... For applications involving domestic refrigeration and heat pumps, the free-piston ...
a Division of The Garrett Corporation, developed a 650K Vuilleumier (VM) ..... The GSFC fractional watt Vuilleumier cryogenic refrigerator isa gas-cycle, ...
A dilution cycle control system for an absorption refrigeration system is disclosed. The control system includes a time delay relay for sensing shutdown of the absorption refrigeration system and for generating a control signal only after expiration of a preselected time period measured from the sensed shutdown of the absorption ...
Refrigeration systems, including thermodynamic cycles, equipment, energy-saving techniques, and good maintenance practices, are discussed. Figures, tables, and unit self-tests for the reader are included.
... Abstract : The patent relates to a cold cylinder assembly for a two stage Vuilleumier cycle cryogenic refrigerator which reduces pressure losses and ...
A critical review of U.S. and foreign literature on the use of a mixture of refrigerants rather than a single one in a refrigeration unit indicates that energy can be conserved in properly arranged systems. An independent analytical study performed under the current contract using a 50% mixture of R-12 and R-114 in a two-evaporator ...
This report describes in detailed the Vuilleumier (V-M) refrigeration cycle and various ways it has been applied to produce cryogenic temperatures. It starts with the most theoretical model of the Vuilleumier cycle and gradually adds complicating factors ...
This project investigated the economic viability of using water as the refrigerant in a 1000-ton chiller application. The most attractive water cycle configuration was found to be a flash-intercooled, two-stage cycle using centrifugal compressors and dire...
This paper briefly reviews the liquefaction cycles which are presently used in base-load liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants, and presents some information for equipment and process selection for new facilities. Twelve base-load LNG facilities are described. The facilities are categorized according to the general type of refrigeration ...
A bypass and monitoring circuit is described for use with a refrigeration system having means to sense a need to initiate a defrost cycle and means to reset the defrost cycle upon sensing the defrosting of the refrigeration system. The circuit comprises: first means to sense whether the duration of each defrost ...
In published analyses of the Vuilleumier refrigeration cycle, it has been assumed that the gas in the various volumes of the system go through variations in pressure isothermally. Actually, the gas approaches isentropic conditions in these volumes, leadin...
The report presents a compact and comprehensive technical discussion of the Vuilleumier refrigerator technology that has evolved from a program to design, develop, and test three refrigeration systems (one for an infrared scanner system, one for an advanc...
The visuals, part of a thermodynamic evaluation of fluorinated ethers, ethanes, and propanes as alternative refrigerants, are a useful tool in comparing new chemicals to existing refrigerants in vapor compression cycles. hey present the required suction superheat and the performa...
This study investigated methods to reduce the use and release of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants and evaluated alternatives to CFCS in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. A life cycle cost (LCC) analysis formed the basis for evaluation. A li...
Description of 3-K Closed-Cycle Helium. Refrigerator. A 3-K refrigerator was built by adding counterow heat exchangers, a 3-K expansion valve, a 3-K station, ...
The report presents an analysis of the principles of magnetic refrigeration with application to air conditioning. A comparison with conventional evaporation-condensation gas cycle devices is presented. Conclusions concerning the applicability of magnetic refrigeration to air conditioning are made.
Refrigerating machine oil to be filled in a sealed motorcompressor unit constituting a refrigerating cycle system including an electric refrigerator, an electric cold-storage box, a small-scaled electric refrigerating show-case, a small-scaled electric cold-storage show-case and the like, is ...
Magnetic refrigerators, i.e., those that use the magnetocaloric effect of a magnetic working material in a thermodynamic cycle, offer potentially reliable, and efficient refrigeration over a variety of temperature ranges and cooling powers. A descriptive analysis of magnetic refrigeration systems is performed with ...
In connection with the control of consumption of refrigerants it is important to measure their path from the importer to final tapping as used refrigerants, as well as cleansing/re-cycling or destruction. The use of CFC as a means of heat transmission in ...
A Stirling-cycle refrigerator comprises a plurality of Stirling-cycle refrigerator units each having a displacer defining an expansion chamber, a piston defining a compression chamber, and a circuit including a heater and a cooler and interconnecting the expansion chamber and the compression chamber, and a heat ...
This article is a review of the basic principles of a cycle widely used to create the refrigeration effect that provides both human comfort and process cooling. While a semantic differentiation often is made for cooling and dehumidifying air for human comfort (air conditioning) and cooling for products and processes (refrigeration), ...
The paper gives results of a thermodynamic evaluation of five alternative refrigerants in a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, utilizing throttling, super-heating, and combined throttling and superheating. ive alternative refrigerants (R32, R125, R134a, R143a, and R152a) were...
The establishment of and the candidate systems for the following three case study subjects on the cryogenic refrigerating cycles using all-purpose refrigerators are outlined: (1) cryogenic circulation loop and electric power plus 80 K heat radiation; (2) ...
Oxford Instruments have developed a new dilution refrigerator for ultralow temperatures down to below 35 mK. The TritonDRTM system is a continuous cryogenic cycle dilution refrigerator. The refrigerator is driven by a closed cycle cryocooler and hence requires no liquid cryogens. The system has ...
This project investigated the economic viability of using water as the refrigerant in a 1000-ton chiller application. The most attractive water cycle configuration was found to be a flash-intercooled, two-stage cycle using centrifugal compressors and direct contact heat exchangers. Component level models were developed that could be ...
A combined power and ejector refrigeration cycle for low temperature heat sources is under investigation in this paper. The proposed cycle combines the organic Rankine cycle and the ejector refrigeration cycle. The ejector is driven by the exhausts from the turbine to ...
Two-Watt, 4-Kelvin Closed Cycle Refrigerator Performance. M. Britcliffe. Radio Frequency and Microwave Subsystems Section. This article describes a 2-watt, ...
A non-reversible multiple-refrigeration-cycle solar apparatus, including a variable directing valve mechanism for conditioning a medium, defrosting the apparatus, and absorbing, storing and using solar energy.
Heat energy is supplied to the hot volume of a Vuilleumier cycle cryogenic refrigerator, or to a Stirling cycle heat engine, with and by the inventive heater module which is disposed within the hot working volume of the machine. The heater module is in co...
The purpose of this program was to develop a quiet, vibration-free long-life, lightweight Stirling cycle refrigerator capable of producing 1 W of cold at 77K while in a still air environment at 125F. The total power consumption of the machine was restrict...
This patent describes a reverse cycle defrost refrigeration system having a compressor, an air cooled condenser and evaporator means having surfaces for forming ice thereon during a freezing cycle and arranged to discharge the ice therefrom during a defrost cycle, conduit means for conducting gaseous ...
We have developed closed cycle liquid helium refrigerators using a Joule Thomson circuit precooled by commercially available two staged Gifford Mac Mahon cryocoolers. The Joule Thomson counterflow heat exchangers are modular and have been thermo-hydraulic...
This web page is an interactive physics simulation on the cycles a refrigerator goes through. The user can see that this cycle requires work to move heat, as compared to an engine moving heat to do work. This is part of a collection of similar simulation-based student activities.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The major source of heat flow in a Stirling-cycle refrigerator operating below about 15 K is due to regenerator inefficiency. This paper analyzes the heat flow due to regenerator inefficiency when the materials have low thermal diffusivity.
A device developed to isolate the diode laser from impact shocks delivered during the expansion phase of the Solvay cycle of a helium refrigerator is briefly described. The device uses intermediate cold stations in the stand-off, which permit the stand-of...
A symmetrical adsorption pump/compressor system having a pair of mirror image legs and a Joule-Thomson expander, or valve, interposed between the legs thereof for providing a new, efficient refrigeration cycle is described. The system further includes a p...
A new absorption cycle, using heat as the energy source, was proposed to produce refrigeration. This proposed cycle, referred to as the single-effect regenerative absorption cycle or cycle 1R, has a performance much superior to the well-known basic absorp...
A magnetic Ericsson cycle, which consists of two isothermal stages and two isofield stages, is generally thought to require regenerators. However, a new concept makes it possible to realize magnetic refrigerators capable of executing an Ericsson-cycle without using regenerators. The basic principle lies in directly linking the two ...
... qualify a new continuous cycle cryogenic refrigeration ... The entropy change for the isothermal heat transport to/from the reservoirs is defined as the ...
Third, estimated fundamental parameters and thermodynamic properties for eight of these isomers will be presented. Finally, the ideal cycle performances of ...
... ENGINES, CRYOPUMPING, REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS, STIRLING CYCLE, GAS COMPRESSORS, MAGNET COILS, LIQUID HELIUM. ...
... Two more cycles of refrigeration and filtration were carried out, with pyridine hydrochloride and ... Procedure B. (1). Diphenyl hydrogen phosphate. ...
Schematic of Basic Vuilleumier Cryogenic Refrigerator. ...... Vuilleumier cycle, none appears suitable. A brief discussion of the four ...
... Test Station, China Lake. ... INFRARED DETECTORS, COOLING, VIBRATION ... CRYOGENICS, SPECIFICATIONS, PERFORMANCE(ENGINEERING). ...
... shell was used along with a titanium cold finger ... Descriptors : *CRYOGENICS, *REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS, FABRICATION, DRIVES, LONG LIFE ...
... Abstract : The objective of the STAR project is to test and space qualify a continuous cycle cryogenic refrigeration system for the cooling of sensors ...
... is switched to its defrost phase of the cycle and the defrost plate assumes ... As the frozmn moisture on the defrosting plate is thawed, it flows as a thin ...
A high temperature magnetic refrigerator which uses a Stirling-like cycle in which rotating magnetic working material is heated in zero field and adiabatically magnetized, cooled in high field, then adiabatically demagnetized. During this cycle said working material is in heat exchange with a pumped fluid which absorbs heat from a low ...
transportation fuel production TADOPTR TADOPTR = thermoacoustic driver orifice pulse tube refrigerator. Device Joule-Thomson cycles to more efficient but also more complicated cascade and mixed-refrigerant cycles to understand the tradeoffs associated with alternative natural gas liquefaction ...
E-print Network
A helium refrigerator utilizing the Gifford-McMahon/Joule-Thomson (GM/JT) cycle was designed and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of using small closed-cycle refrigerators as an alternative to batch-filled cryostats for operating temperatures below 4...
A comprehensive investigation is carried out, on a systematic and consistent basis, to explore a range of advanced heat pump cycle concepts using nonazeotropic refrigerants for COP enhancement and capacity modulation along with the trade-offs associated with refrigerant mixture selection. The objectives of the study were to: identify ...
Solar icemaking is a logical technology for developing countries. If solar radiation is harnessed for cooling purposes, the peak supply of useful energy will generally coincide with peak demand for refrigeration, while the use of the solar cooling effect to produce ice will provide energy storage during low radiation periods. This report provides a brief history of ...
Requirements for cooling are related to the need to be able to maintain foodstuffs in good condition with the aid of refrigeration and the desirability to provide a comfortable indoor environment by air conditioning. The representation of the desired conditions in a room by a point on a psychrometric chart is considered together with processes of sensible cooling, cooling and ...
A 4 to 15 K magnetic refrigerator to test as an alternative to the Joule-Thomson circuit as the low temperature stage of a 4 to 300 K closed-cycle refrigerator was developed. The reciprocating magnetic refrigerator consists of two matrices of gadolinium gallium garnet spheres located in tandem on a single piston ...
A method is described of using a portion of the thermal energy in the hot water in a domestic water heater having a tank, a cold water inlet, a thermal energy source and a hot water outlet. The method comprises: a. providing a closed pipe circuit containing a refrigerant; b. transferring heat from the hot water to the refrigerant in an evaporator in order ...
This work provides a collection of worked problems on engineering cycles. Contents: Simple Power and Refrigerating Plants: Power plant performance parameters, simple steam plant, simple closed-circuit gas-turbine plant, internal-combustion power plant, simple refrigerating plant. Advanced Power and Refrigerating ...
... Engineered Operating Cycle (DDEOC) System Maintenance Analysis, FF-1052 Class Ship's Stores Refrigeration System SMA 207-516, Review of ...
A second-generation, Stirling-cycle cryocooler (cryogenic refrigerator) for space applications, with
A model of a Stirling cycle cryogenic refrigerator capable of producing 5 Watts of cooling at 65 deg
Natural gas liquefaction plants with cooling capacities of approximately 100 kW are facilitating the development of a distributed LNG infrastructure. To be economically viable, liquefiers of this scale must be able to operate on a variety of feed gases while offering relatively low capital costs, short delivery time, and good performance. This paper opens with a discussion of a natural gas ...
The object of this research work is to develop systematic procedures for the synthesis of refrigeration systems that are integrated with the heat recovery network. In this dissertation, methods are developed for the optimization of integrated refrigeration systems. As a first step, a shortcut model for predicting the performance of vapor-compression ...
In this paper, according to practical consideration, a new solar powered rotary solid adsorption refrigerator system adopting activated carbon fibre + ethanol as its adsorption pair has been designed with higher performance. Moreover, the principle of the refrigeration cycle, different components of the machine, selection of working ...
In addition to saving energy, deploying advanced refrigeration technologies can substantially benefit the environment. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been identified as a major cause of potential global climate change and about 20% of the CFCs consumed by the United States are due to refrigeration systems. As the international Montreal Protocol will phase ...
A water heating apparatus comprising a refrigerant loop for natural circulation which includes a hot water storage tank for holding water to be heated, a heat collecting plate for collecting solar heat, and refrigerant tubes having a refrigerant sealed therein and extending to unite the hot water storage tank with the heat collecting ...
A refrigeration system is described having a vapor compression cycle utilizing a liquid over-feeding operation with an integrated accumulator-expander-heat exchanger. Hot, high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the condenser passes through one or more lengths of capillary tubing substantially immersed in a pool liquid ...
A refrigeration system having a vapor compression cycle utilizing a liquid over-feeding operation with an integrated accumulator-expander-heat exchanger. Hot, high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the condenser passes through one or more lengths of capillary tubing substantially immersed in a pool liquid ...
