A purely optical Deep Level Photo-Thermal Spectroscopy has been developed for the defect-state characterization of semi-insulating (SI) GaAs wafers. The methodology utilizes near infrared sub-bandgap absorption to monitor the thermal emission of traps after an optical filling pulse, and the data are analyzed in a rate-window manner by a lock-in amplifier. ...

... of noncontact photo-thermal sensing, understanding the basic physics and applications of pulsed photo-thermal and photo-acoustic generation ...

... ELECTRONIC TUNING CAPABILITIES BY EXPLOITATION OF TENSOR RELATIONSHIP OF ABSORPTION AND DISPERSION IN FERRITES. ...

Solar photo-thermal collectors were prepared from pure diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films on aluminum substrates. By only changing the deposition conditions (different bias voltage) of the DC PECVD process, coatings were fabricated consisting of five sublayers with the necessary optical parameters. As expected, absorption better then 0.9 was achieved ...

Perylene dyes have been widely used as photoreceptors in organic photovoltaics because of their outstanding photo-, thermal and chemical stability as well as their excellent photophysical properties. Herein we describe a novel generation of perylene dyes based on N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-perylene-3,4-dicarboximide. The optical properties of these novel ...

A purely optical deep level photothermal spectroscopy has been developed for the defect-state characterization of semi-insulating (SI) GaAs wafers. The methodology utilizes near infrared sub-band-gap absorption to monitor the thermal emission of traps after an optical filling pulse, and the data are analyzed in a rate-window manner by a lock-in amplifier. The technique has ...

... Title : Photo-Thermal Detection of the Onset of Photo-Chemical Nucleation (Laser-Snow) in Vapor. Descriptive Note : Technical rept.,. ...

... Title : Novel Photo-Thermal Technique for Flow and Spectroscopic Measurements in a Dense Aerosol Stream. Descriptive Note : Research rept.,. ...

... Title : Noncontact Photo-Thermal Probe-Beam Deflection Measurement of Thermal Diffusivity in an Unconfined Hot Gas. ...

Nanoparticle mediated photo-thermal ablation therapy is a technique for removing cells within a tissue with minimal collateral damage. It works by exciting the surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles so there is an amplification of the absorption of the incident electromagnetic field which is then transformed into heat and results in ...

... AND NONCONTACT OBSERVATION OF MICRODEFECTS IN GAAS WAFERS WITH A NEW PHOTO-THERMAL-RADIATION MICROSCOPE. ...

The strong planetary methane and hydrogen absorption at 2.0-2.4 microns are exploited in the present

Due to plasmon at the surface, the absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by metal nanoparticles are strongly enough. These properties provide the potential of designing multifunctional nanoparticles which are optically active for simultaneous molecular imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. Gold nanorods with suitable aspect ratios can absorb and scatter ...

This report focuses on the treatment parameters leading to successful nanoshell-assisted photo-thermal therapy (NAPT). NAPT takes advantage of the strong near infrared (NIR) absorption of gold-silica nanoshells, a new class of nanoparticles with tunable optical absorptivities that are capable of passive extravasation from the abnormal ...

... Abstract : PHOTO-THERMAL RADIOMETRY IS BEING EVALUATED AS A NON-CONTACT METHOD FOR ON-LINE MONITORING OF THE ...

... Abstract : PHOTO-THERMAL RADIOMETRY IS BEING EVALUATED AS A NON-CONTACT METHOD FOR ON-LINE MONITORING OF THE ...

... Title : Non Destructive Evaluation Of Polymeric Materials By Photo Thermal Based Techniques: An Overview,. Corporate Author : ...

... Abstract : We have analyzed the contributions of purely photochemical and photo- thermal mechanisms to polymer photoablation. ...

... Abstract : Experimental and theoretical investigations of photoacoustic deflection spectroscopy (PADS) and photo thermal deflection spectroscopy ...

... these decoy types to be a lesser form of counter ... decoys in this thesis are designed to deceive visual, photo, thermal, and infrared imagery ...

A measurement system for quantitative registration of transient and irreversible lens effects in DUV optics induced by absorbed UV laser radiation was developed. It is based upon a strongly improved Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor with an extreme sensitivity of approximately lambda/10000 rms @ 193nm, accomplishing precise on-line monitoring of wavefront deformations of a collimated test laser beam ...

A technique for stand-off detection of trace explosives using infrared (IR) photo-thermal (PT) imaging, remote explosives detection (RED), is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory. In this approach, compact IR quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) tuned to strong absorption bands of trace explosives illuminate a surface of interest. An IR focal plane ...

Nanoparticle-assisted photo-thermal (NAPT) ablation has become a new and attractive modality for the treatment of cancerous tumors. This therapy exploits the passive accumulation of intravenously delivered optically resonant metal nanoparticles into tumors, however, the circulating bioavailability of these particles is often unknown. We present a ...

Although two-photon absorption in a semiconductor is typically a very weak effect, the rate of absorption increases dramatically when the two photons have very dissimilar wavelengths, enabling applications such as ultrafast optical sampling and room-temperature mid-infrared detection.

In this paper, I systematically investigated Micro-Cavity PhotoThermal Spectroscopy (MC-PTS), a novel technique for ultra-sensitive detection of chemical molecular species. I first derive the photothermal enhancement factor and noise characteristics of the technique using a generic theoretical model, followed by numerical analysis of a design example using chalcogenide glass ...

Superior laser dyes were recently discovered in the quasi-aromatic families of syn-dioxabimanes and pyrromethene-BF/sub 2/ complexes. The representative new dye mu-bis-(carboethoxy) methylene-syn-(methylene, methyl) bimane lased at 507 nm with 50% greater efficiency than was obtained with Coumarin 30. A similar determination showed 4, 4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene ...

Nanoparticles with plasmon-resonance absorption in the near-IR (NIR) optical range are of great interest in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for contrast enhancement and diagnostic interventions in molecular imaging. In this study, we characterized the optical properties of multifunctional NIR dye-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) ...

Among diffusion methods, photothermal radiometry (PTR) has the ability to penetrate and yield information about an opaque medium well beyond the range of conventional optical imaging. Owing to this ability, pulsed-laser PTR has been extensively used in turbid media such as biological tissues to study the sub-surface deposition of laser radiation, a task that may be difficult or impossible for many ...

Differential phase optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) was used to detect sub-wavelength displacements in the infrared-sensitive thoracic pit organ of Melanophila acuminata (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) upon absorption of infrared radiation at 3.39 microm. The displacement had more complex morphology but similar amplitude ( approximately 100 nm at 1 W cm(-2)) when compared ...

Nanostructured materials provide a promising platform for early cancer detection and treatment. Here we highlight recent advances in the synthesis and use of Au nanocages for such biomedical applications. Gold nanocages represent a novel class of nanostructures, which can be prepared via a remarkably simple route based on the galvanic replacement reaction between Ag nanocubes and ...

We report on efficient cw high-power second harmonic generation in a periodically poled LiTaO3 crystal placed in a resonant enhancement cavity. We tested three configurations, differing in the coupling mirror reflectivity, and a maximum conversion efficiency of about 76%, corresponding to 6.1 W of green light with 8.0 W of fundamental power, was achieved. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the ...

Fatigue - 1973. Fatigue No. 1 engine setup in the RETF. View medium photo | View large photo. Thermal Fatigue - 1975. Low cycle thermal fatigue study 5K ...

... our recent measurements of thermal conductivi- ties of optical coatings by two photothermal methods, namely photo- thermal reflectance (PTR) and ...

The differential atomic absorption spectroscopy method is widely used both in scientific investigations and analytical applications. Absorption coefficient (absorption cross section) is an individual characteristics of every element therefore it provides for a high selectivity of an analysis. Differential ...

Molecular ions produced in an ac glow discharge cell will be probed with a single frequency tunable dye laser. The electronic-vibration-rotation spectra can be obtained by exploiting the small, but detectable, Doppler shift ( delta V/V approx.10 sup -6 )....

For preparing nearly-ideal black body layers for collecting and exploiting solar energy, layers of sulfides of the metals of the iron series, Ni, Fe, Co, are produced by electrolyzing the corresponding thiocyanates in aqueous solution. High absorption values are obtained concurrently with low emission values.

To separate these lines, the XRS uses balanced filters, exploiting the small energy difference between the Ka X- ray lines and the K-absorption edge in Mg ...

Reversible, nonlinear (saturable) absorption is useful when deep penetration of light into dye layers, beyond the exponential depth in Beer�s law, is required. Examples are in the photomechanics of nematic elastomers, or in the two-color simultaneous absorption exploited to lithographically write structures in the deeply ...

We exploit unique infrared plasmonic absorption properties of gold (Au) nanoparticles in the range of 2.5 to 20 ?m. Fabrication of Au nanoplasmon particles with variable nanometer (nm) scale size and thickness gave us full control of tuning the absorption wavelength in the above infrared (IR) spectral regions. We did not observe ...

Inverse partial fluorescence yield (IPFY) is a newly developed x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) that utilizes non-resonant emission processes to measure the x- ray absorption of a material. Unlike XAS by traditional transmission, total electron yield and total fluorescence yield, IPFY is free of pinhole, saturation, and ...

We present a method for the measurement of small optical absorption coefficients. The method exploits the deformation of cavity Airy peaks that occur if the cavity contains an absorbing material with a nonzero thermorefractive coefficient dn/dT or a nonzero expansion coefficient ?(th). Light absorption leads to a local temperature ...

Thin films (d � 1 ?m) of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si1?xCx:H), deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering with different carbon content x, have been implanted with high fluences (? = 1016-1017 cm?2) of high-energy (E = 0.2-1 MeV) He+ ions as the implant species. The induced structural modification of the implanted material results in a considerable change of its optical ...

Lens heating due to absorbed UV laser radiation can diminish the achievable spatial resolution of the lithographic process in semiconductor wafer steppers. At the Laser Lab G�ttingen a measurement system for quantitative registration of this thermal lens effect was developed. It is based upon a strongly improved Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor with extreme sensitivity, accomplishing precise ...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photo-thermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), and electrical measurements were used to characterize as-received and UV-lluminated lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) and PZT ceramics. Following optical illumination we observe the activation of positively charged Pb[sup +3] and negatively charged Ti[sup +3] ions, as well as an ...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photo-thermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), and electrical measurements were used to characterize as-received and UV-lluminated lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) and PZT ceramics. Following optical illumination we observe the activation of positively charged Pb{sup +3} and negatively charged Ti{sup +3} ions, as well as an ...

The research in the classification of special techniques needed in the method of absorption cross section measurements applied for rocks of different lithology and the theoretical approach to the application lower than that for typical rock material are p...

Atomic layer graphene possesses wavelength-insensitive ultrafast saturable absorption, which can be exploited as a full-band mode locker. Taking advantage of the wide band saturable absorption of the graphene, we demonstrate experimentally that wide range (1570 nm - 1600nm) continuous wavelength tunable dissipative solitons could be ...

Atomic layer graphene possesses wavelength-insensitive ultrafast saturable absorption, which can be exploited as a ``full-band'' mode locker. Taking advantage of the wide band saturable absorption of the graphene, we demonstrate experimentally that wide range (1570-1600 nm) continuous wavelength tunable dissipative solitons could be ...

We report on a novel approach to cavity ring-down spectroscopy with the sample gas in saturated-absorption regime. This technique allows us to decouple and simultaneously retrieve the empty-cavity background and absorption signal, by means of a theoretical model that we developed and tested. The high sensitivity and frequency precision for spectroscopic ...

Previous obstacles to observation of line absorption spectra in the vacuum uv below 600 A have been overcome by: (a) development of a containment device for metal vapors in a windowless system and with a negligible pressure of background gas; (b) use of a compact source of background continuum; and (c) exploitation of a normal incidence grating ...

The possibility was investigated of beneficial weather modification through artificial solar energy absorption. A variety of physical ideas related to artificial heat sources on different scales of motion are considered. Interest is concentrated on the feasibility of mesoscale weather modification through solar energy absorption by carbon aerosol particles ...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photo-thermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), and electrical measurements were used to characterize as-received and UV-lluminated lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) and PZT ceramics. Following optical illuminati...

... 16 mW lesions and the periphery of the 22 mW lesions, (c) 48 hours ... Ultima argon-ion laser operating at 514 nm was used to create photo-thermal ...

The effects of post-feeding thermotaxis on ileum evacuation and absorption rates were examined in the laboratory using two elasmobranch species, the Atlantic stingray Dasyatis sabina, which inhabits thermally variable environments, and the whitespotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum, a stenothermic fish living on Indo-Pacific reefs. Experiments at temperatures similar to ...

We experimentally demonstrate two-photon absorption with broadband down-converted light (squeezed vacuum). Although incoherent and exhibiting the statistics of a thermal noise, broadband down-converted light can induce two-photon absorption with the same sharp temporal behavior as femtosecond pulses, while exhibiting the high spectral resolution of the ...

We use terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to measure the absorption spectra of six drugs, atenolol, furosemide, tropicamide, lobeline hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, and promethazine hydrochloride, in the frequency range of 0.3 THz to 2.0 THz. Furosemide, tropicamide, and promethazine hydrochloride show distinct absorption features, ...

Molecular electro-optical switches are one of the major milestones in the development of optoelectronic memory elements as well as the long-standing goal of highly integrated photonic circuits. We intend to exploit the unique optical properties of photochromic compounds such as spiropyrans to realize these structures. We have constructed a set-up with which the wavelength ...

It is shown that, under clear sky conditions, water-vapor mixing-ratio measurements by solar-blind Raman lidars can be improved if the differential transmissivity is calculated by use of a single Raman signal instead of the usual Raman differential absorption lidar method, which allows one to exploit the large absorption cross section ...

Photovoltaic absorbers ought to be optically thick to allow almost total light absorption and photocarrier current collection. They are typically semiconductors with a thickness more than the optical absorption length. When the absorber layer thickness is reduced significantly, then the quality of the absorber material could considerably increase by ...

Although the idea of an X-ray absorption spectrometer in dispersive geometry was initially conceived for the study of transient phenomena, the instrument at the European Synchrotron Radiation facility has been increasingly exploited for studies at extreme conditions of pressure using diamond anvil cells. The main results of investigations at high pressure ...

Its large cross section for absorption of thermal neutrons has made {sup 10}B a frequent candidate for use in neutron detectors. Here a boron-carbide-based thermoelectric device for the detection of a thermal-neutron flux is proposed. The very high melting temperatures and the radiation tolerance of boron carbides made them suitable for use within hostile environments (e.g., ...

The Henry constructton permits interpretation of the total absorption peaks in gamma spectrometry without laborious calculations by exploiting their statistical significance. The resolution, position of the peak, etc., can be determined accurately and graphically. The principals and main applications of the method are described. (auth)

It was found that the chemiluminescence of acridinium ester (AE) was quenched effectively by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Stern-Volmer constants approaching 10(10) M(-1), which was exploited to realize sequence-specific DNA detection based on the preferential absorption of AE-tagged single-strand probe on unmodified AuNPs over the hybrids of probe and ...

We study slow-light performance of molecular aggregates arranged in nanofilms by means of coherent population oscillations. The molecular cooperative behavior inside the aggregate enhances the delay of input signals in the gigahertz range in comparison with other coherent population oscillation-based devices. Moreover, the problem of residual absorption present in coherent ...

We study slow-light performance of molecular aggregates arranged in nanofilms by means of coherent population oscillations. The molecular cooperative behavior inside the aggregate enhances the delay of input signals in the gigahertz range in comparison with other coherent population oscillation-based devices. Moreover, the problem of residual absorption present in coherent ...

In this paper we have shown that one-dimensional (1D) particle arrays can be obtained using biomolecules, like DNA or amino-acids. Nano-arrays of silver and gold were prepared in a single-step synthesis, by exploiting the binding abilities of ?-DNA and L-Arginine. The morphology and optical properties of these nanostructures were investigated using AFM, TEM and UV-Vis ...

A technique is described for high speed electronic tuning of an inductive device capable of handling VHF powers in excess of 100 watts CW. Electronic tuning is accomplished by means of a controlled dc bias applied to an inductor with a ferrite core. As op...

The thermo-resistance effect in silicon has been exploited for the fabrication of uncooled infrared detectors. In this paper, based on the Schrodinger equation of material radiation system and the micro-structure of silicon, the infrared absorption theory of silicon is analyzed. The results show that the infrared activity of amorphous silicon is more ...

The proposed image reconstruction method exploits the spectrally dependent absorption properties of biological tissue and quantum dots for recovering the three-dimensional reporter distribution. Only a single light source with macro-illumination needs to be used for the purpose of light emission stimulation and image reconstruction. The light propagation ...

challenge and moral imperative of our age: the harnessing of solar energy". The high-profile award was pre exploitation of the Centre's fundamental under- standing of the relationship between light absorption and lumi of a course delivered by the Director during the first year of the Centre's opera- tions. Efficient light

The experimental station of the BEAR (Bending magnet for Emission, Absorption and Reflectivity) beamline at ELETTRA (Trieste, Italy) is an UHV chamber conceived to fully exploit the spectroscopic possibilities offered by the light spot produced by the beamline. Spectroscopies include reflectivity ({theta}-2{theta} and diffuse), optical ...

In this work we investigated the scattering and absorption properties of nanofluids consisting in aqueous suspensions of single wall carbon nanohorns of different morphologies and prepared with different amounts of surfactant. The characteristics of these nanofluids were evaluated in order to use them as direct sunlight absorber fluids in solar devices. The differences in ...

For the application of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles as terahertz contrast agents, their optical properties in a solvent were studied using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The power absorption and refractive index of the samples were measured with various concentrations of nanoparticles. The power absorption was extremely large, as much as ...

In the present work, we investigated the scattering and spectrally resolved absorption properties of nanofluids consisting in aqueous and glycol suspensions of single-wall carbon nanohorns. The characteristics of these nanofluids were evaluated in view of their use as sunlight absorber fluids in a solar device. The observed nanoparticle-induced differences in optical ...

The technology to control the interface charge density between CdTe substrates and CdTe epilayers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is studied. The interface charge is determined by the modified built-in potential derived from capacitance-voltage characteristics of Schottky contacts formed on the epilayers. Novel ultraviolet (UV) photon assisted and photo ...

We describe the synthesis, characterization, and use of hybrid nanoparticles with a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) core and a gold nanoshell. These multifunctional nanoparticles, designated SPIO-Au nanoshells, displayed superparamagnetic characteristics and a significant absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, they exhibited high transverse ...

Photo-thermal displacement measurement by laser interferometry involves the measurement of temperature change caused by illumination of the sample. To develop a system of detecting unlabeled homogeneous proteins based on laser interferometric measurement of photo-thermal displacement, we studied the interaction between aptamers and their target molecules by using thrombin and ...

We propose a scheme for subwavelength localization of an atom conditioned upon the absorption of a weak probe field at a particular frequency. Manipulating atom-field interaction on a certain transition by applying drive fields on nearby coupled transitions leads to interesting effects in the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field. We ...

We propose a scheme for subwavelength localization of an atom conditioned upon the absorption of a weak probe field at a particular frequency. Manipulating atom-field interaction on a certain transition by applying drive fields on nearby coupled transitions leads to interesting effects in the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field. We ...

The spatial probability distribution associated with diffusion and attenuation in partially absorbing media is studied. An equivalence is established between a system with free diffusion for x> 0 and partial absorption for x < 0, and a semi-infinite system (x> 0) with a radiation boundary condition at x = 0. By exploiting this equivalence, it is ...

This article introduces a computational framework for studying frequency band structure and absorption behavior in multi-periodic acoustic composite structures. Herein, multi-periodic acoustic composite structures are defined as periodically-layered acoustic media wherein each layer is composed of periodically-repeated fluid unit cells, especially those arising from the study ...

Radiochromic film (RCF) dosimetry is usually based on densitometric methods which use an analyzing light source of a fixed or a broad spectrum of wavelengths. These methods have not exploited the sensitivity of the dose response of the RCF otherwise attainable by using a light source with wavelengths peaked at the two absorption peaks in the ...

We present full-band structure calculations of temperature- and wavelength-dependent two-photon absorption coefficients and free-carrier absorption cross sections in GaAs, InP, and 0.92 eV-band gap Ga64In36As and InP60As40 alloys. The calculated coefficient decreases with increasing wavelength and band gap but increases with temperature. Using detailed ...

A novel technique to measure thermal transport properties of material coatings and films has been developed. The method involves excitation of thermal waves by modulated laser beam and detection with a pyroelectric detector kept at a definite distance from the point of excitation. Thermal diffusivity of the coating is derived from a phase analysis of the detected photo ...

The choice of materials used in the manufacture of unglazed pool heating collectors is examined. Based on several design criteria, including life span, low corrosion, efficiency/cost ratio, and ease of production, polymeric collectors emerged as a the optimum material choice. The development and mechanical design of a fully wetted solar panel configuration to overcome the low thermal conductivity ...

Metal nanocluster composite glasses (MNCGs) have been the subject of both experimental and theoretical investigation because of their peculiar optical properties. In particular, the enhanced third order optical nonlinearity could be exploited in the all-optical switching device technology. In the present work, we present some results on MNCG films prepared by ion implantation. ...

Process performance and reliability have been demonstrated on an engineering scale with 10 years of pilot plant operation, including extended testing with /sup 85/Kr, /sup 133/Xe, and /sup 131/I. The selective absorption process is based on exploitation of solubility differences which exist among the noble gases and other gas-phase constituents in a ...

The addition of divalent metal ions or substrate taurine to TauD, an ?-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase, alters its UV absorption, as clearly observed by monitoring the protein�s difference spectra. Binding of metal ions leads to a decrease in absorption at ~297 nm and modulation of other features. A separate signature with enhanced ...

The cyclization reaction of the photochromic diarylethene derivative 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene was studied in its single crystal phase with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The transient absorption measurements were performed with a robust acquisition scheme that explicitly exploits the ...

The possibility to exploit a bottom-up approach to design and synthesize multichromophoric structures from a single molecular unit is strategic for the targeted synthesis of molecular compounds with well defined linear and nonlinear absorption properties. In this view, it is important to be able to predict the properties of multichromophoric units, based ...

The particular capabilities of a high-resolution continuum source absorption spectrometer were exploited to the determination of halogens in an ordinary air acetylene flame. In the first part of the studies, a simple method was developed, which allows the determination of fluorine by measuring GaF molecular absorption. The molecules ...

In this paper, we present the OPUS (optoacoustic plus ultrasound) system, which is a combination of a wavelength-tunable pulsed optical parametrical oscillator (OPO) laser with a commercial ultrasound (US) scanner. Optoacoustic (OA) or, synonymously, photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a spectroscopic technique to measure optical absorption in semitransparent solids and liquids. The ...

Building on the literature of dynamic capability and organizational learning, we examine strategy execution in hyper-competition as a problem of how organizations can re-configure their learning capability to match with their radically different learning demands. Organizations in hyper-competitive environments face an increasing gap between their learning opportunities and needs, and actual ...

In the spectral region where the refractive index of the negative index material is approximately zero, at oblique incidence, the linear transmission of a finite structure composed of alternating layers of negative and positive index materials manifests the formation of a new type of band gap with exceptionally narrow band-edge resonances. In particular, for TM-polarized (transverse magnetic) ...

Mercury is a unique element that, unlike many metals, has no essential biological function. It is liquid at room temperature and is 13.6 times heavier than water. Its unique physical properties have been exploited for a variety of uses such as in mercury switches, thermostats, thermometers, and other instruments. Its ability to amalgamate with gold and silver are used in ...

Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy systems are being developed for use in sensing and characterizing the Hanford high-level radioactive wastes that are by-products of the chemical processing of nuclear weapons material. This waste has been stored in large underground tanks since the early 1940s. Waste tank materials characterization, including the measurement of moisture, is needed to ...

The preferential absorption of near infrared light by blood makes photoacoustic imaging well suited to visualising vascular structures in soft tissue. In addition, the spectroscopic specificity of tissue chromophores can be exploited by acquiring images at multiple excitation wavelengths. This allows the quantification of endogenous chromophores, such as ...

Lick/IDS system absorption feature indices have been used to discover that abundance ratios such as [Mg/Fe] and [Na/Fe] in external galaxies do not necessarily track the ratios observed in the Milky Way. However, the Lick system measures only a handful of the elements that have measurable features present in the spectra of, for instance, elliptical galaxies. In order to begin ...

InAs quantum dots have been used to extend the absorption edge of InGaAs/GaAs quantum well solar cells from 940 to ~1100 nm. In order to improve absorption of infrared radiation by the thin (300 nm) active layer, we exploit its high refractive index, which acts as a waveguide for certain frequencies of light. Surface-deposited ...

In the present work we report on the growth, spectroscopy and laser results of diode pumped Pr-doped LiYF(4), LiLuF(4) and LiGdF(4) fluoride, scheelite-type structure crystals. We measured the polarisation dependent absorption and emission properties as well as the decay time of the (3)P(0) level. Exploiting the (3)P(2) absorption ...

J-aggregates of polymethine dyes (for structure and spectrum see Figure 1) have become a focus of interest in the interdisciplinary field of molecular nonlinear optics [1-5] and Langmuir-Blodgett engineering [6]. Polymethine dye J-aggregates were formed in LB layers, and storage of optical information in monolayers and mixed multilayers has been recently demonstrated [7]. Sharp and intense ...

We observed superluminal light in aqueous solution of the protein complex bacteriorhodopsin (bR) at 647.1 nm wavelength where it exhibits reverse saturable behavior, exploiting the technique of coherent population oscillations (CPO). With a modulation frequency of 10 Hz, the signal pulse through a 1 cm path cell is ahead by 3 msec relative to the reference pulse, corresponding ...

Multispectral optoacoustic (photoacoustic) tomography (MSOT) exploits the high resolutions provided by ultrasound imaging technology in combination with the more biologically relevant optical absorption contrast. Traces of molecules with different spectral absorption profiles, such as blood (oxy- and de-oxygenated) and biomarkers can ...

The anomalous dispersion of an atomic line filter near a resonant transition is exploited for full-field frequency measurements. The influence of the line shape function on the dispersion in atomic vapors near resonance and the possibilities to increase sensitivity are discussed. From the model-calculated absorption of iodine vapor at frequency-doubled ...

We explore the optical enhancement of organic photovoltaic cells by incorporating a metallic grating as the back contact. We numerically demonstrate a strongly enhanced light absorption exploiting a complex interplay between multiple electromagnetic wave phenomena, among which surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonances, waveguide mode resonances, ...

Phase-contrast imaging methods exploit variations in an object's refractive index distribution to permit the visualization of subtle features that may have very similar optical absorption properties. Although phase-contrast is often viewed as being desirable in many biomedical applications, its relative influence on signal detectability when both ...

Phase-contrast imaging methods exploit variations in an object�s refractive index distribution to permit the visualization of subtle features that may have very similar optical absorption properties. Although phase-contrast is often viewed as being desirable in many biomedical applications, its relative influence on signal detectability when both ...

The optical properties of metallic nanostructures are of interest to scientists and engineers. They allow the manipulation of light on a microscopic level, which has applications in photonics, optoelectronics and energy conversion. In this dissertation, we investigate the surface plasmon resonances, near fields and scattering properties of these structures and their interaction with ...

A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) subwavelength atom localization is proposed, in which the atom is in an inverted-Y configuration and driven by two orthogonal standing-wave lasers. Due to the spatial dependence of atom�field interaction, the quantities of system, including the frequency of spontaneously emitted photon, the population in the excited state, and the probe ...

The concept of combining x-ray absorption spectroscopy with suitable temperature scanning techniques has been sporadically exploited for various research purposes whenever structural or electronic transformations take place in the sample as a function of T. Fixed (single) energy T-scanning techniques have been introduced about 10 years ago and their ...

Optical absorption and Raman spectra of the sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuTsPc) layer were exploited for detection of cadmium (Cd) contaminants in water. Acetylcholine esterase was immobilized by freely suspending them in calcium alginate microbeads and this gel was then spincoated on the drop cast sulfonated copper phthalocyanine film on a glass ...

Semiconductor nanowires have attracted intense interest due to potential applications in electronics, sensors and photonics. Introduction of dopants and their subsequent activation are essential for exploiting the electronic properties of semiconductor materials. In this work, we demonstrate pulsed laser annealing of silicon nanowires by visible radiation to be an efficient ...

We report the inherent utility of two-photon-absorption (TPA) in the fabrication of real three-dimensional (3D) structures with subdiffraction-limit resolution, based on SU-8 as the threshold polymer media. We exploit the nonlinear velocity dependence of TPA photopolymerization as the shutter mechanism for disruptive 3D lithography. We show that low ...

Remote sensing is used to acquire statistics on crops in developing countries and to locate petroleum and mineral deposits. It has increasing potential for forest monitoring and subsurface water location. Problems related to Third World use of the technology include sensitivity about the dissemination of data with high spatial resolution, exploitation by multinational ...

Novel materials, notably quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor structures offer the unique possibility of combining exploitable spectral broadening of both gain and absorption with ultrafast carrier dynamic properties. Thanks to these characteristics QD-based devices have enhanced the properties of ultrashort pulse lasers and opened up new possibilities in ...

Conjugated polymers are largely intact by gamma exposure but can be energized in the presence of high-Z compounds. The resulting alteration of the polymer's high optical density and photoluminescence efficiency can be exploited for the detection of gamma radiation with high sensitivity. Di-iodobenzene and conjugated polymers mix on the molecular level in solid thin ...

Photonic generation of ultrawideband (UWB) monocycle and doublet pulses is experimentally demonstrated using a cascaded electroabsorption modulator (EAM) and semiconductor optical amplifier by exploiting a combination of cross-absorption modulation and cross-gain modulation. The polarities and shapes of UWB monocycle and doublet pulses can be simply ...

We report on a nonlinear way to control and tune the dielectric environment of photonic crystal microcavities exploiting the local heating induced by near-field laser excitation at different excitation powers. The temperature gradient due to the optical absorption results in an index of refraction gradient which modifies the dielectric surroundings of the ...

We report the existence of guided optical solitons of femtosecond duration and nanoscopic mode area. The proposed scheme exploits the structural confinement of light in a low-index subwavelength gap and the nonlinear interaction with a resonantly absorbing medium to achieve stable and ultraconcentrated coherent pulses. Employing full time- and space-dependent Maxwell-Bloch ...

A review of the polyspherical approach to the kinetic operators for polyatomic molecules is given. This approach provides general and correct forms of the kinetic energy operator (KEO) expressed in terms of curvilinear coordinates. These forms are well adapted to the physical description of molecular systems and to the numerical methods used to solve the Schr�dinger equation. The approach ...

We propose that concurrently magnetic and ferroelectric, i.e., multiferroic, compounds endowed with electrically active magnetic excitations (electromagnons) provide a key to producing large directional dichroism for long wavelengths of light. By exploiting the control of ferroelectric polarization and magnetization in a multiferroic oxide Ba(2)CoGe(2)O(7), we demonstrate the ...

Mode locking of an ytterbium-doped fiber laser with atomic multilayer graphene is, to the best of our knowledge, experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Dissipative solitons with duration of 580 ps at 1069.8 nm were generated. Since graphene can also be used to mode lock erbium-doped fiber lasers, our result shows that graphene indeed has wavelength-independent saturable ...

... Optic Flow for Enhanced Navigation and Seeker Exploitation (OFFENSE) ... Optic Flow For Enhanced Navigation and Seeker Exploitation (OFFENSE) ...

... Title : Document & Media Exploitation. ... Abstract : This article introduces electronic document and media exploitation from that academic perspective. ...