We propose a new framework for providing information to help optimize domain-specific application codes. Its design addresses problems that derive from the widening gap between the domain problem statement by domain experts and the architectural details o...

Complex modern-day artifacts are designed cooperatively by groups of experts, each with their own areas of expertise. The interaction of such experts inevitably involves conflict. This paper presents an implemented computational model, based on studies of human cooperative design, for supporting the resolution of such conflicts. This model is based centrally on the insights ...

... Expertise in problem solving. In RJ Sternberg ... transfer: Adaptive expertise in technical domains. In DK Detterman & RJ Sternberg ...

... Title : Expertise as Effective Strategy Use: Testing the Adaptive Strategies Model in the III-Structured Domain of Leadership. ...

Both in the Scandinavian welfare states and elsewhere the private CAM market acts as a health provider alongside the state. There is very limited established scientific evidence for the effects of treatments and often they are non-authorised. How, then, do users construct and attribute expertise to CAM practitioners? Drawing on 90 in-depth interviews with 30 Danish CAM users ...

Cognitive diagnosis of expertise relies on characterizing expertise in the domain of interest. The focus of this project was on characterizing and assessing design problem solving in the area of digital circuit design. A combination of think-aloud protoco...

Can we legitimately speak of ethics experts? Recent literature in philosophy and medical ethics addresses this important question but does not offer a satisfactory answer. Part of the problem is the absence of an examination of what it means to be an 'expert' in general. I therefore begin by reviewing my analysis of expertise which appeared earlier in this journal. We speak of ...

Knowledge Centers are NCI-supported entities, each forming the nucleus of an expanding research and clinical community around the specific domains in which they have expertise.

Practical Model Checking to Enforce Domain-Specific Interfaces and Requirements ... Supplies Model Checking technology and Code Surfer Scripting expertise ...

We propose a new framework for providing information to help optimize domain-specific application codes. Its design addresses problems that derive from the widening gap between the domain problem statement by domain experts and the architectural details of new and future high-end computing systems. The design is particularly well ...

in the construction of an abstract interpretation is therefore the notion of domain. A domain of properties is a set construct domains for abstract interpretation from some basic domain of properties by refining, simplifyingDomain Theory in ...

Abstract. Developing new process-scheduling components for multiple OSes is challenging because of the tight interdependence between an OS and its scheduler and because of the stringent safety requirements that OS code must satisfy. In this context, a domain-specific language (DSL), designed by a scheduling expert, can encapsulate scheduling ...

Experts play an important role in society, but there has been little investigation about the nature of expertise. I argue that there are two kinds of experts: those whose expertise is a function of what they know (epistemic expertise), or what they do (performative expertise). Epistemic ...

This report reviews the roles played by knowledge and automatized skill in expert performance. Special attention is given to the importance of initial problem representations in expertise and to capacity limitations that make using such initial representations difficult at intermediate levels of skill. The role of strategy in skilled performance is discussed in light of the ...

Firstly, the many characteristics of expertise are examined: they include aspects of pattern recognition, knowledge, skill, flexibility, metacognitive monitoring, available cognitive space and teaching abilities. Secondly, three educational models from different domains(Nursing, Surgical Education, Education) are analysed, compared and contrasted, in ...

Many activities in the era of data-intensive astronomy are predicated upon some transference of domain knowledge and expertise from human to machine. The semantic infrastructure required to support this is no longer a pipe dream of computer science but a set of practical engineering challenges, more concerned with deployment and performance details than AI ...

Assessment of complex cognitive tasks requires an understanding of the characteristics of expertise in the specific domain. The research reported in this paper was part of a larger project whose goal was to distinguish among levels of expertise in digital...

The rapid evolution of Design Patterns has hampered the benefits gained from using Design Patterns. The increase in the number of Design Patterns makes a common vocabulary unmanageable, and the tracing problem obscures the documentation that should be enhanced by using Design Patterns. We present an analysis of Design Patterns that will strongly reduce the number of Fundamental Design Patterns and ...

... Title : Steady State Oscillator Analysis in the Immittance Domain. ... Abstract : The theory of oscillator analysis in the immittance domain is presented. ...

... Title : Development of the Domain Name System. ... Abstract : The Domain Name System (DNS) provides name service for the DARPA internet. ...

This paper addresses expertise as the foundation of professional boundaries and domains through a comparative study of four eye care occupations in the Netherlands. Claims of expertise are explored with an analysis of whether practitioners believe that expertise is exclusive to their profession. Results show that ...

... structure abstractions embodied in methods characterized through historical data and human expertise. Critically, after the decomposition of tasks ...

The influences of the organization of a declarative knowledge base of the development and application of proceduralized knowledge was investigated in a complex troubleshooting domain. Although the two explanatory structures led to similar training perform...

This program was designed to permit the ONR sponsored program in the Materials Research Laboratory at Penn State, now a component in the Materials Research Institute, to draw upon the expertise of Professor Jan Fousek an internationally respected authorit...

... By RAYMOND E. JOHNS, JR., and BRUCE HANESSIAN Soldiers on patrol in Iraq, 2007 US Air Force (Adrian Cadiz) Download as computer ...

TRACC resources. Support analysts will draw upon Argonne's expertise in computational and scientific domains to respond to a variety of user needs. The preferred method of...

Diagnosing complex internal medicine cases has traditionally been the domain and hallmark of clinical expertise. However, the creation of a differential diagnosis list using abstracted case information can be seen as a database query function and has been emulated by software such as QMR and Iliad. To test this premise, twenty two ...

We as a field believe that school principals can acquire new expertise by participating in principal preparation and professional development programs; however, we have few methodologies to measure leadership expertise, especially expertise that links leadership to improved student learning. In this article, we present the results of a ...

Objective:Clinicians often have difficulty translating information needs into effective search strategies to find appropriate answers. Information retrieval systems employing an intelligent search agent that generates adaptive search strategies based on human search expertise could be helpful in meeting clinician information needs. A prerequisite for creating such systems is ...

This exploratory study investigates the distributed nature and complexity of professional expertise by examining the patterns of cognitive processes in novices and experts who are using ultrasound technology to make diagnoses. The study aims to identify and provide an explanation for such patterns in light of the recent debate on the locus of control underpinning human ...

This article investigates negotiations of librarians' expertise in relation to information literacy at the micro-level, specifically in the domain of nursing education. A qualitative empirical framework is employed. The study draws on 18 semi-structured interviews, 16 with Swedish nursing students, one with a librarian and one with a nursing professor. ...

, teaching them their own problem solving expertise in center of gravity analysis. The Disciple approach with the course's instructor to teach a Disciple agent some of his expertise in center of gravity analysisTraining and Using Disciple Agents: A Case Study in the Military Center of Gravity Analysis Domain

Abstract. The technique of abstract interpretation analyzes a computer program to infer various properties about the program. The particular properties inferred depend on the particular abstract domains used in the domain follow a domain-specific schema of relations among ...

We report on a general architecture for creating knowledge-based medical training systems to teach diagnostic classification problem solving. The approach is informed by our previous work describing the development of expertise in classification problem solving in Pathology. The architecture envelops the traditional Intelligent Tutoring System design within the Unified ...

We report on a general architecture for creating knowledge-based medical training systems to teach diagnostic classification problem solving. The approach is informed by our previous work describing the development of expertise in classification problem solving in Pathology. The architecture envelops the traditional Intelligent Tutoring System design within the Unified ...

This paper describes an investigation into the nature of musical intelligence and its links with creativity across two continents, Europe and Africa. In seeking to identify the intellectual processes associated with musical intelligence, improvised music was examined as an example of problem solving in this domain. Twenty-four musicians (twelve European and twelve Zimbabwean) ...

learning agent shell and used in complex application domains such as intelligence analysis, center applications in several domains, including intelligence analysis, center of gravity determination, emergency the intelligence analysis domain. For this domain, we have developed an agent to assist an intelligence ...

The technique of abstract interpretation analyzes a computer program to infer various properties about the program. The particular properties inferred depend on the particular abstract domains used in the domain follow a domain-specific schema of relations among variables. This paper introduces ...

In the debate between expertise and domain-specific explanations of "special" processing for faces, a common belief is that behavioural studies support the expertise hypothesis. The present article refutes this view, via a combination of new data and review. We tested dog experts with confirmed good individuation of exemplars of their ...

Social competence is an essential capability to bring to school because of its relationship to academic success. Development and consolidation of social understanding in early childhood ensures that young children have a solid foundation of social expertise when they begin formal schooling. Social expertise, conceptualized within the framework of Case's ...

This report contains abstracts presented at the Seventh International Conference on Domain Decomposition Methods.

... Decomposed Preconditioned Krylov Methods for PDEs ... Abstract : Preconditioners based on domain ... at most logarithmically growing iteration ...

This study aims to determine and describe the new domain-specific expertise of experienced chemistry teachers in teaching an innovative context-based unit about macro-micro thinking in structure-property relations. The construct of `teachers' domain-specific expertise' was used to analyse the new repertoire ...

Abstract. When evaluating alternative security solutions, such as security mechanism, security protocols etc., �hard � data or information is rarely available, and one have to relay on the opinions of domain experts. Log-files from IDS, Firewalls and honeypots might also be used. However, such source are most often only used in an �penetrate and ...

... Abstract : AMRL has been developing expertise in finite element analysis (PEA) of engine ... LPC) disc of the TF3O engine in the F-111 aircraft was ...

... Abstract : We found that CWS can do a reasonable job of capturing expertise in arithmetic compared to indices that incorporate correct answers. ...

... and other areas researched by Joint Forces Staff College from 1985 ... Abstract : Ocean fog and haze were studied to provide additional expertise for ...

In Interactive, Web-Based Approach to Metadata Authoring ... directory information services to create a recommender system that permits query by expertise. ...

Our team brings together expertise in data compression, digital communications and wireless sensor networks. Our work leverages substantial ongoing work ...

Perceptual expertise, even within the visual domain, can take many forms, depending on the goals of the practiced task and the visual information available to support performance. Given the same goals, expertise for different categories can recruit common perceptual resources, which could lead to interference during concurrent ...

The domain-specific approach to socialization processes presented by J. E. Grusec and M. Davidov (this issue) provides a compelling framework for integrating and interpreting a large and disparate body of research findings, and it generates a wealth of testable new hypotheses. At the same time, it introduces core theoretical questions regarding the nature of social ...

In this commentary, the author focuses on the claim summarized in the last sentence of the target article's abstract. To begin, the concept of talent does not require the existence of "innate constraints to the attainment of elite achievement". On the contrary, genetic endowment may merely influence the rate at which domain-specific ...

We consider perceptual learning: experience-induced changes in the way perceivers extract information. Often neglected in scientific accounts of learning and in instruction, perceptual learning is a fundamental contributor to human expertise and is crucial in domains where humans show remarkable levels of attainment, such as language, chess, music, and ...

This paper chronicles the steps, methods, and presents hypothetical results of quantitative and qualitative studies being conducted to develop a Generalized Expertise Measure (GEM). Per Hinkin (1995), the stages of scale development are domain and item generation, content expert validation, and pilot test. Content/face validity and internal consistency of ...

Domain-specific languages (DSL) are used by domainexperts to describe their systems. A domain-specific language can be defined as a language that is designed specif-ically for a certain application domain and, in general, is only suitable for that particular domain.Domain-specific languages should be as close as ...

Research on tasks in knowledge-rich domains including developmental studies , work in artificial intelligence, studies of expert/novice problem solving, and information-processing analyses of aptitude test tasks have provided increased understanding of th...

This research investigated how different experts in a single domain chose their individual subjective evaluation criteria of a highly aggregate task based upon their individual differences. The Conning Officer Virtual Environment (COVE) was utilized to pr...

Bridge Rail EXpert System (BREXS) is an advisory system built to aid novice engineers in coping with bridge rail design and retrofit. Motivation for development of BREXS stems from a need to integrate domain expertise and knowledge from complementary disc...

The objective of this research is to construct a theory of expertise based upon empirical description of expert problem solving abilities in complex knowledge domains. Our goal is to develop a theory that is representative enough to encompass both analyti...

time-to-market with a portal solution that helps streamline business process management Developing and healthcare companies --bringing domain expertise and innovative technologies to the development of our Services With consultants and professional staff in more than 160 countries globally, IBM Business

Centers of Excellence (COEs) are created throughout the federal government in all domains to signify expertise important for elevating the significance of the product or service that is provided. But how are these COEs designated, accredited, or certified...

Distributed Human Resources. . S cience and engineering domain expertise .... Stage 2 Separation. 650.0. S imulation Termination. Nominal Launch Event Sequence ..... process in order to reduce the likelihood of these kinds ...

Cross-cultural competency, and the underlying communication and affective skills required to develop such expertise, is becoming increasingly important for a wide variety of domains. To address this need, we developed a blended learning platform which com...

Keywords: Coordination Cooperation Relief chains Humanitarian logistics Disasters a b s t r a c, interests, capacity, and logistics expertise. While coordination mechanisms within the domain of commercial, and private sector companies, each of which may have different interests, mandates, capacity, and logistics

This paper describes an expert system for understanding and Reasoning in a petroleum resources domain. A basic model is implemented in FRL (Frame Representation Language). Expertise is encoded as rule frames. The model consists of a set of episodic contex...

at the SADA and NRF. This included the identification of the roles and expertise needed for the preservation and deliverables included: � Identification of science domains for possible inclusion in SADA (South African Data, technical, management, and policy requirements and issues for expansion of SADA and NRF data archiving

This research project presents methodological and theoretical issues related to the inter-relationship between linguistic and conceptual semantics, analysing the results obtained by the application of a NLP parser to a set of radiology reports. Our objective is to define a technique for associating linguistic methods with domain specific ontologies for semi-automatic ...

Although most adults are considered to be experts in the identification of faces, fewer people specialize in the recognition of other objects, such as birds and dogs. In this research, the neurophysiological processes associated with expert bird and dog recognition were investigated using event-related potentials. An enhanced early negative component (N170, 164 ms) was found when bird and dog ...

Abstract Objective: An evaluation of the cognitive processes used in the translation of a clinical guideline from text into an encoded form so that it can be shared among medical institutions.Design: A comparative study at three sites regarding the generation of individual and collaborative representations of a guideline for the management of encephalopathy using the ...

The nature of professional expertise has been widely debated in the literature. However it has been examined primarily from a dichotomy of perspectives--either from an experiential or a cognitive focus, without the attempt to integrate these, and other aspects of expertise into an integrated and coherent model. This article presents the conclusions and a ...

egorized for the community's nonlinguistic purposes or, to use his term, for the level of ##############. As Brown points out, the level of usual utility changes according to the demands of the linguistic community and this is especially true for expert populations. So, for example, while it is quite acceptable for most of us to refer to the object outside our office window as a "bird," if we were ...

This thesis describes apprenticeship learning techniques for automation of the transfer of expertise. Apprenticeship learning is a form of learning by watching, in which learning occurs as a byproduct of building explanations of human problem-solving actions. As apprenticeship is the most-powerful method that human experts use to refine and debug their ...

... Such a hierarchy will abstract away enough ... how many examples are needed to reconstruct ... Learning abstraction hierarchies for problem solving. ...

A domain-specific language provides domain experts with a familiar abstraction for creating computer programs. As more and more domains embrace computers, programmers are tapping into this power by creating their own languages fitting the particular needs of the domain.

... Abstract : The author discusses the composition of scientific personnel in the USSR by branches of science and compares it with the similar ...

... by itself for domains with high levels of relational autocorrelation, and it provides a useful abstraction for analyzing the properties of linked data. ...

Closely connected to the philosophy of experimental mathematics, these projects represent explorations into visualizing a largely abstract domain of science ...