... Title : Interrelationship of Histamine Release and Vasoactive Peptides. ... Abstract : Peptides release histamine from mast cells. ...

Profiling changes in the concentration of functionally related peptide hormones is critical to understanding the etiology of many diseases and therapies. We present novel data utilizing nano LC-MS to simultaneously measure a select group of vasoactive peptides (angiotensin, bradykinin and related hormones) in 50 ?l plasma samples ...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed in the sympathetic nervous system, where it is colocalized with norepinephrine. The authors report here that NPY-immunoreactive neurons are also abundant in three cranial parasympathetic ganglia, the otic, sphenopalatine, and ciliary, in the rat measured by radioimmunoassay. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the ...

... Title : Release of Histamine from Mast Cells by Vasoactive Peptides. ... Des-arginine derivatives of bradykinin did not release histamine. ...

... Descriptors : *PEPTIDES, BRONCHITIS, MUSCLE RELAXANTS, ANALOGS, POTENCY, RECEPTOR SITES(PHYSIOLOGY). ...

1. The effects of intravenous and intra-arterial infusion of the peptides derived from prepro-vasoactive intestinal peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine methionine and peptide histidine valine, were examined in six healthy ...

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is an octacosapeptide found in mammalian airway tissue and is proposed to be an endogenous mediator of tracheobronchial smooth muscle relaxation. VIP was the subject of several previous SAR studies.

Neuropeptides. The neuropeptide ubstance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive inte tinal peptide were measured in plasma from ...

... 10 or 15 residues, or by the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, such as glucagon, secretin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Matsuda et al., ... ...

... activating polypeptide (PACAP), a member of the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide family of peptides, consists of ... Structurally, PACAP is a member of the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive ...

The major program of the Institute of Surgical Research concerns the role of plasma kinins and other vasoactive peptides in producing the systemic features of peritonitis, pancreatitis, and other septic states. Studies to data suggest that the vasoactive ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with cytokine properties that is abundant in the lung. VIP null mice exhibit spontaneous airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness emphasizing VIP's "anti-asthma" potential. Although VIP's impending protective role in the lung has been demonstrated, its localization in the na�ve ...

The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on electrical membrane properties and neuromuscular transmission, which is resistant to atropine and guanethidine, were investigated in isolated circular muscle strips from chicken rectum. Intracellular microelectrodes were used to record changes in membrane potential. Vasoactive intestinal ...

... adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family of peptides [2]. ... polypeptide receptors of type I and II and glucagon-like peptide-I...

A frog used for "hunting magic" by several groups of Panoan-speaking Indians in the borderline between Brazil and Peru is identified as Phyllomedusa bicolor. This frog's skin secretion, which the Indians introduce into the body through fresh burns, is rich in peptides. These include vasoactive peptides, opioid ...

adenocarcinoma cells were incubated at 4�C for 1 h with 125I-VIP in the presence or absence of increasing. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-receptor imaging for the localization of intestinal adenocarcinomas

The experiments described have pointed out that several key enzymes involved in the metabolism of blood-borne peptides originate from tissues such as colon, lung, or kidney. One of the plasma kallikreins may be identical with the enzyme isolated from colo...

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which appears to act as a circadian clock, contains a large subpopulation of local circuit neurons in which vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) are co-localized. We are continuing t...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a widely distributed neurotransmitter whose dilatory effects on vascular smooth muscle are believed to be mediated via specific receptors. To determine the possible role of VIP in regulating specific vascular beds, we examined the relationship between arterial wall VIP content as determined by radioimmunoassay and VIP ...

1. The effect of hibernation on cerebral cortical concentrations of cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide was investigated in the golden mantled ground squirrel (Citellus lateralis). 2. During hibernation, cortical brain weight decreased to 83% of the non-hibernating weight. 3. The concentration of the small form of CCK was significantly ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulated the synthesis of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in fractions of isolated carp horizontal cells. When applied extracellularly to isolated and cultured horizontal cells, the peptide also induced a slow depolarization (30 to 40 millivolts) accompanied by a decrease in membrane resistance. However, ...

The possible direct action of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on dog hepatic arterial wall or on the noradrenergic innervation of the artery was investigated in vitro. In addition, VIP-containing nerve fibers and terminals were located in the wall of the artery with immunochemical staining. Direct evidence showed that VIP did not affect the release of ...

Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is an aggressive, rapidly growing and metastasizing, and highly fatal neoplasm. We report that vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits the proliferation of SCLC cells in culture and dramatically suppresses the growth of SCLC tumor-cell implants in athymic nude mice. In both cases, the inhibition was mediated apparently by a ...

... complex (PAP) method with the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase (SAB) complex method. The SAB method was found to be better since it ... they reported less intense immunoreaction if streptavidin-biotin (SAB)...

... paraventricular organ; Rt, rotund nucleus; TrO, optic tract; TSM, septomesencephalic tract; V, ventricle; VLT, ventrolateral thalamus; VMN, ... ...

Since the late 1970s a number of laboratories have studied the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in inflammation and immunity. These studies have highlighted the dramatic effect of VIP on immune cell activation and function, and studies using animal models of disease have indicated that VIP has significant therapeutic and prophylactic potential. ...

Quantitative autoradiographic methods were utilized to characterize specific, high-affinity vasoactive intestinal peptide binding sites (Kd = 310 +/- 60 pmol/L; Bmax = 93 +/- 11 fmol/mg protein) in frozen sections obtained from a mononuclear cell pellet derived from 20 ml of human blood. The method is at least one order of magnitude more sensitive than ...

Vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC)/endothelin-2 (ET2) is a vasoactive peptide hormone comprising 21 amino acids. The complete nucleotide sequence of the full-length gene encoding preproVIC (PPVIC) was determined. The PPVIC gene contains five exons that span 6 kb and shows a duplication on exons 2 and 3, coding for the VIC and ...

BACKGROUND: Gut peptides are known to influence hormone release and growth of endocrine tumours of the pancreas. Although information on somatostatin receptors has been provided recently, little is known on the receptor status of other gastrointestinal hormones in such tumours. AIMS: To analyse the spectrum of gut hormone receptors on endocrine tumours of pancreas. SUBJECTS: ...

- mitter in a specific manner (Fig. 2). Both substances cause similar changes in the postsynaptic membrane- tivity has been reported for peptide- like substance P (15), Met- and Leu- enkephalin (48), vasoactive peptides to cross-react with specific an- tiserums. The anatomical localization of peptides in ...

The vasoactive markers of cardiac overload Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) are elevated in preeclampsia. This study documents higher ANP concentrations as early as at 9 weeks in type 1 diabetic women subsequently developing preeclampsia suggesting that preeclampsia is associated with cardiovascular ...

We report the proteomic characterization of the venom of the medically important North American western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, using two complementary approaches: snake venomics (to gain an insight of the overall venom proteome), and two solid-phase combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLL), followed by 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometric ...

Regionally administered vasopressors might increase tumour chemotherapy uptake by differentially constricting normal and tumour blood vessels, leading to a selective increase in blood flow to the tumour. In this study, we compared the effects of the vasopressors angiotensin II, vasopressin and endothelin I and the vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide synergistically stimulated initiation of DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. The peptide stimulated ({sup 3}H)thymidine incorporation in the presence of insulin and either forskolin or an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase in a concentration-dependent manner. Half-maximal effect was obtained at 1 nM. At ...

In view of the ability of calmodulin to bind vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF) with high affinity [Stallwood, Brugger, Baggenstoss, Stemmer, Shiraga, Landers and Paul (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19617-19621], the effects of these neuropeptides on a model calmodulin-dependent enzyme, myosin light-chain kinase ...

We studied the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the output of 35S-labeled macromolecules from ferret tracheal explants either placed in beakers or suspended in modified Ussing chambers. In Ussing chamber experiments, the radiolabel precursor, sodium (35S)sulfate, and all drugs were placed on the submucosal side of the tissue. Washings were ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) shows a wide tissue distribution and exerts numerous physiological actions. VIP was shown in a dose-dependent manner to increase cortisol secretion in the NCI-H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma (H295) cell line (threshold dose 3.3x10(-10) M, maximal dose 10(-7) M), coupled with a parallel increase in cAMP accumulation. ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a putative neurotransmitter in both the brain and peripheral tissues. To define possible target tissues of VIP we have used quantitative receptor autoradiography to localize and quantify the distribution of /sup 125/I-VIP receptor binding sites in the canine gastrointestinal tract. While the distribution of VIP ...

The induction of immune tolerance is essential for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and to limit the occurrence of exacerbated inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Multiple mechanisms act together to ensure self-tolerance, including central clonal deletion, cytokine deviation and induction of regulatory T cells. Identifying the factors that regulate these processes is crucial for the ...

The syndrome of watery diarrhea associated with hypokalemia and achlorhydria was originally described in 1958. Subsequently, this syndrome was shown to be caused by a neuroendocrine tumor secreting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and such tumors are almost always pancreatic in origin. We describe the case of a 78-year-old woman with gradual onset of ...

The 4-chlorophenylthio analogue of cyclic AMP evoked profound and long-lasting changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) in pituitary-derived GH3 cells. However, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a hormone considered to act via cyclic AMP, was ineffective in modulating [Ca2+]i. The ability of VIP to modulate [Ca2+]i was enhanced by treatments that increased ...

The present study examined the bactericidal effects of orexin B (ORXB) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) alone or combined with cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. The bactericidal effect of ORXB or VIP alone was detected in ...

Urotensin II (UII) and urotensin-related peptide (URP) are vasoactive neuropeptides with wide ranges of action in the normal mammalian lung, including the control of smooth muscle cell proliferation. UII and URP exert their actions by binding to the G-protein coupled receptor-14 known as UT. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a disease of progressive lung ...

NADPH oxidase is implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), expression of NOX1 (NADPH oxidase 1), a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, is low and is induced upon stimulation by vasoactive factors, while it is abundantly expressed in colon epithelial cells. To clarify the regulatory ...

BackgroundNeuropeptides are critical integrative elements within the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), where they mediate both cell-to-cell synchronization and phase adjustments that cause light entrainment. Forward peptidomics identified little SAAS, derived from the proSAAS prohormone, among novel SCN peptides, but its role in the SCN is poorly ...

We recently reported that the widely distributed neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) reduces inflammatory lung injury due to a variety of agents and inhibits the associated generation of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase products. We therefore investigated whether VIP may inhibit phospholipase A2 activity, thus reducing the release of ...

The gene encoding the human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the histidine-methionine amide (PHM-27) peptide hormone was isolated from lambda phage libraries. The human gene was found to be composed of seven exons spanning approx. = 9 kilobase pairs. The first exon codes for an untranslated leader sequence, and the second exon ...

Murine vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) and its human analog endothelin-2 (ET2) are potent vasoactive hormones composed of 21 amino acids. To study the structural characteristics of the VIC/ET2 gene (HGMW-approved symbol EDN2), we isolated the full length of the mouse VIC gene. Sequence analysis indicates that a biologically active mature VIC ...

A large 40-residue precursor peptide (propeptide 5) was synthesized by linking together four designed anticancer peptide analogs to the neuropeptides: vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, bombesin and substance P, using enzyme cleavable lysyl-lysine linkers. On incubation with the enzyme trypsin, propeptide ...

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide belonging to the galanin family of peptides. The GALP gene is characterized by extensive differential splicing in a variety of murine tissues. One splice variant excludes exon 3 and results in a frame shift leading to a novel peptide sequence and a stop codon after 49 aa. In ...