Heparin preparations isolated from pig intestinal mucosa and from bovine lung were fractionated with regard to affinity for antithrombin. The resulting fractions, with high (HA) or low (LA) affinity for the proteinase inhibitor, were analyzed by 13C NMR or by identification of di- and tetrasaccharides obtained through deaminative cleavage with nitrous acid. Structural differences between ...

... positive ions. Probable chain reactions and mechanism for the formation of the most abundant positive ion are summarized. A ...

The abundances of some of the straight- and branched-chain isomers of the monocarboxylic acids found

Purpose. To map the distribution of different classes of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the healthy human retina, choroid, and sclera. Methods. Frozen tissue sections were made from adult human donor eyes. The GAG chains of proteoglycans (PGs) were detected with antibodies directed against various GAG structures (either directly or after pretreatment with GAG-degrading enzymes); ...

Thrombomodulin (TM) is an integral membrane glycoprotein, which occurs as both a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan (PG) form (?-TM) and a non-PG form without a CS chain (?-TM), and hence is a part-time PG. An ?-TM preparation isolated from human urine contained the glycosaminoglycan-linkage region tetrasaccharide GlcUA?1-3Gal?1-3Gal?1-4xylose, and the nonreducing terminal ...

Heparan sulfate (HS), due to its ability to interact with a multitude of HS-binding factors, is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Remarkably diverse fine structure of HS, shaped by non-exhaustive enzymatic modifications, influences the interaction of HS with its partners. Here we characterized the HS profile of normal human and rat liver, as well as alterations of ...

SULT1A3 is an enzyme that catalyzes the sulfonation of many endogenous and exogenous phenols and catechols. The most important endogenous substrate is dopamine (DA), which is often used as a probe substrate for SULT1A3. We developed a new method for analyzing the SULT1A3 reaction products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. The sulfonate donor ...

Because of the importance of salamanders in forest food chains, the effects of forest management practices on populations of these animals warrant consideration. ... ...

... as one isotope, whereas the decay code assigns a different isotope ... uncertainties in the mass excess energy and natural abundance have been ...

... indicative of random conformations of amide groups. ... rationalized in terms of chain conformation about the plane of the amide group. ...

... a suitable assay for elucidating specific cis-acting elements involved in ... polymerase chain reaction-based nascent strand abundance assay was ...

Marine living resources along the coast of Oman provide abundant food and ... and its environment could impact the food chain of this ecosystem. ...

Emission lines from the carbon chains HC3N, HC5N, HC7N and HC9N were observed at 3 mm, 7 mm, and 1.4

... hierarchical spatial count model fitted with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are well suited to this task because they ... ...

An explicit formula for the efficiency of the PP chain energy generation in terms of the branching fractions to the three PP chains is derived and the variation of the efficiency with temperature and hydrogen abundance is illustrated. The PP chain efficiency is shown to have a minimum as a function of Y/X. The ...

Recently, three novel collagen VI chains, ?4, ?5 and ?6, were identified. These are thought to substitute for the collagen VI ?3 chain, probably forming ?1?2?4, ?1?2?5 or ?1?2?6 heterotrimers. The expression pattern of the novel chains is so far largely unknown. In the present study, we compared the tissue distribution of the novel ...

Three new sulfated triterpenoids (1-3), along with one known compound (4), were isolated from the roots of Gypsophila pacifica Kom. The structures of the new compounds were established as 3?-O-sulfate gypsogenin 28-O-?-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3?-O-sulfate gypsogenin (2), and 3?-O-sulfate quillaic acid (3) on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS ...

Search for a precursor of the arsenobetaine discovered in Western Australian rock lobster tail muscle has led to an algal metabolite of radioarsenate having the properties of a trimethylarsoniumriboside derivative of the major arsenicals of aquatic plants, dimethylarsinoylribosylglycerol, its sulfate ester, and the corresponding riboside of phosphatidylglycerol. Such an arsonium compound could ...

Search for a precursor of the arsenobetaine discovered in Western Australian rock lobster tail muscle has led to an algal metabolite of radioarsenate having the properties of a trimethylarsoniumriboside derivative of the major arsenicals of aquatic plants, dimethylarsinoylribosylglycerol, its sulfate ester, and the corresponding riboside of phosphatidylglycerol. Such an arsonium compound could ...

Thanks to the mid-IR sensitivities of the ISO and IRTS orbiting spectrometers it is now possible to search the diffuse interstellar medium for heretofore inaccessible molecular emission. In view of the recent strong case for the presence of C(7-) (Kirkwood et al. 1998, Tulej et al. 1998),and the fact that carbon chains possess prominent infrared active modes in a very clean ...

A chemical mechanism for the formation of carbon chain molecules is proposed, and its efficiency under interstellar conditions is investigated. In this chemical scheme, C/sup +/ reactions have the essential role of chain growing. As high C/sup +/ abundance and low photodissociation rates of hydrocarbons and chains ...

1. Using a subtidal marine food web as a model system, we examined how food chain length (predators present or absent) and the prevalence of omnivory influenced temporal stability (and its components) of herbivores and plants. We held the density of top predators constant but manipulated their identity to generate a gradient in omnivory prevalence. 2. We measured temporal ...

We discuss the effect of an abundant structural element of molecules on the transmission probabilities of molecular electronic devices. We show that an attachment of side chains to a molecular conductor may lead to zero transmission probabilities. The gaps in the transmission-probability appear approximately at the eigenvalues of the isolated side ...

Predators influence the phenotype of prey through both natural selection and induction. We investigated the effects of grazers and nutrients on chain formation in a dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, which forms dense blooms and has deleterious effects on marine ecosystems around the world. Field populations of C. polykrikoides formed longer ...

Myers, P.C., P. Thaddeus, and R.A. Linke, 1980: A search for interstellar pyrrole: Evidence that rings are less abundant than chains. Astrophys. J. , 241, 155-157, ...

In the expanding and cooling supernova interior, carbon and oxygen chemical reactions establish a steady-state abundance of linear carbon chains. For an increase in chain length of two C atoms, the abundance declines by a factor near 10-3. At sufficient length, it becomes energetically preferable for the linear ...

Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in abundance in extracellular matrices. In connective tissue, CS/DS proteoglycans play structural roles in maintaining viscoelasticity through the large number of immobilized sulfate groups on CS/DS chains. CS/DS chains also bind protein families including growth ...

The submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) of the freshwater tidal Potomac River has a history of dramatic change in abundance and distribution. Following a four-decade absence in the tidal river (between Chain Bridge and Quantico, VA; Figure 1), SAV reappear...

This chain of barrier islands off the coast of Texas supports an abundance of wildlife, and is composed of a variety of environments, such as dunes, grasslands, and tidal flats. This National Park Service (NPS) site offers a brief profile of islands, as well as photos, maps, and links to visitor information and additional resources.

The fatty acid composition of particulate matter from surface waters in the North Atlantic has been investigated. A high proportion is long-chain polyunsaturated acids, typical of a marine origin. The low relative abundance of iso and anteiso 15-carbon ac...

... Naraoka, H. and R. Ishiwatari. 2000. Molecular and isotopic abundances of long-chain n-fatty acids in open ... ...

. Fibres were pyrolyzed at 750 -850 �C for 2 s using a Pyrola 2000 foil pulse pyrolyzer (Pyro-lab, Sweden in the synthesized material is demonstrated by abundant signal from the monomers accompanied by minor amounts

at 750 - 850 �C for 2 s using a Pyrola 2000 foil pulse pyrolyzer (Pyro- lab, Sweden) in direct com in the synthesized material is demonstrated by abundant signals from the respective monomers accompanied by minor

The overall goal of the this three year project is to determine the importance of phytoplankton (microscopic algae) as a component of the food chain base in SRS cardine bays. To summarize specific year three results: Total phytoplankton abundance in Flami...

The distribution and abundance of the meiobenthos was studied monthly from October 1969 to December 1970 at six stations within the Dividing Creek watershed in Cumberland County, New Jersey. The total number of individuals ranged from 36-10,594/10sqcm and...

We report detection of the J=15.5-14.5 and 17.5-16.5 transitions of C_8H, a sensitive upper limit for the J=10.5-9.5 transition of C_7H, and measurements of two low-frequency transitions of C_6H in TMC-1. These results give new information on the relative abundances of long carbon-chain radicals in TMC-1 and confirm the recent laboratory-measured ...

This tutorial explains how environmental conditions and organism interactions determine animal and tree distribution and abundance. There are definitions of important ecological terms such as ecology, interactions, and abundance; descriptions of the environmental conditions needed for rainforests and how they provide habitat for many species; and an ...

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) provides a rapid and sensitive quantification ABSTRACT Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) have become the method of choice for rapid, sensitive, quantitative comparison of RNA transcript abundance. Useful data from this method

The temperature sensitivity of nuclear energy generation by the p-p chain and the CN cycle is investigated. Expressions for the dependence of the p-p chain and the CN cycle separately on temperature as a function of element abundances and with abundance equilibration and temperature variation time scales taken into ...

Medium-chain fatty acids (FAs), found in storage lipids of certain plants, are an important renewable resource. Seeds of undomesticated California bay accumulate laurate (12:0), and a 12:0-acyl-carrier protein thioesterase (BTE) has been purified from this tissue. Sequencing of BTE enabled the cloning of a complementary DNA coding for a plastid-targeted preprotein. Expression ...

We propose to search for the molecular anions C4H-, C6H-, C8H- and their parent-neutral hydrocarbons C4H, C6H and C8H in the dense protostellar molecular cloud Cha-MMS1 and the carbon-rich AGB star IRAS 15194-5115. Both sources are known to contain abundant carbon-chain-bearing molecules. Hydrocarbon anions have recently been identified as astrophysically ...

Laboratory and observational studies of the formation and presence of u2saturated long carbon chain molecules of the form HC(2n+1)N, which have been observed in interstellar space, are discussed. Experiments with cyanopolyyne formation under radio frequency discharges in mixtures of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide have suggested that the long chain carbon ...

This paper proposes a new spectral unmixing strategy based on the normal compositional model that exploits the spatial correlations between the image pixels. The pure materials (referred to as endmembers) contained in the image are assumed to be available (they can be obtained by using an appropriate endmember extraction algorithm), while the corresponding fractions (referred to as ...

Monte Carlo techniques have been used to evaluate the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the helium abundances derived from extragalactic H II regions. The helium abundance is sensitive to several physical parameters associated with the H II region. In this work, we introduce Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to ...

SummaryAll seven lysine residues in ubiquitin contribute to the synthesis of polyubiquitin chains on protein substrates. Whereas K48-linked chains are well established as mediators of proteasomal degradation, and K63-linked chains act in nonproteolytic events, the roles of unconventional polyubiquitin chains linked ...

The carbon chain molecules are well known due to their large abundances in cold dark clouds (e.g. Benson & Myers; Suzuki et al.) and in some carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes (e.g. Jewell & Snyder; Sopka et al.; Fukasaku et al.). About 40 % of interstellar molecules are classified as carbon chain molecules. The study of these ...

A chimeric lambda DNA molecule containing the myosin alkali light-chain gene of Drosophila melanogaster was isolated. The encoded amino acid sequence was determined from the nucleic acid sequence of a cDNA homologous to the genomic clone. The identity of the encoded protein was established by two criteria: (i) sequence homology with the chicken alkali ...

We discuss the effect of an abundant structural element of molecules on the transmission probabilities of molecular electronic devices. We show that an attachment of side chains to a molecular conductor may lead to zero transmission probabilities. The gaps in the transmission-probability appear approximately at the eigenvalues of the isolated side ...

Kidney involvement with immunoglobulin crystals usually relates to a light chain of the kappa type, in MGUS or smoldering myeloma, frequently causing Fanconi's syndrome with progressive renal insufficiency. We report on a case with severe myeloma featuring lambda light chain-derived crystals and acute kidney injury. Histology showed acute tubular necrosis ...

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are distinguished by their unique association with parasitoid wasps and their segmented, double-stranded (ds) DNA genomes that are non-equimolar in abundance. Relatively little is actually known, however, about genome packaging or segment abundance of these viruses. Here, we conducted electron microscopy (EM) and real-time polymerase ...

The membrane lipid aliphatic chains of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 4259 have been extensively modified by growth in biotin-free medium containing vitamin-free casein hydrolysate supplemented with either elaidic acid, oleic acid, or mixtures of palmitic and oleic acids. Growth with elaidic acid resulted in polar lipids containing 88.6% 18:1 acyl chains ...

Stellar neutron capture processes are studied which occur at a rate slow compared to the intervening beta decays, the so-called s-process in the synthesis of the elements. An approximate method of high reliability has been devised to solve for the abundance distributions resulting from the exposure of seed nuclei to a weak neutron flux in stars. The capture ...

The gene abundance and gene expression of six diazotroph populations from the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic in June 2007 were examined using nifH gene quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q PCR) methods. Of all the diazotrophs, Trichodesmium spp. was the most abundant with the highest number of gene copies in the Gulf of Guinea. ...

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a flexible and scalable method for analyzing transcript abundance that can be used at a single gene or high-throughput (>100 genes) level. Information obtained from this technique can be used as an indicator of potential regulation of glycosylation at the transcript level when combined with ...

The large cosmic abundance of Helium - second only to Hydrogen - is a testament to the importance of its formation in the cosmos. Both Helium-3 and Helium-4 emerge from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in considerable quantities, the synthesis of the isotopes are links in the pp chain and other stellar nucleosynthesis processes, and they are also created during ...

We studied a constraint on the primordial helium abundance Yp from current and future observations of CMB. Using the currently available data from WMAP, ACBAR, CBI, and BOOMERANG, we obtained the constraint as Yp=0.25-0.07+0.10 at 68% confidence level. We also provide a forecast for the Planck experiment using the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. In ...

Current tabulations are presented of the entire range of known interstellar molecules, giving attention to that subset which has been identified in the cold, dark interstellar clouds out of which the sun has been suggested to have formed. The molecular abundances of two such clouds, Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 and Lynd's 134N, exhibit prepossessing chemical differences ...

A novel RNA fingerprint method has been developed based on the polymerase chain reaction to identify individual mRNA species derived from different members of a complex multigene family of very low transcript abundance. Using this method, changes in the composition of complex thionin mRNA populations and in the appearance of individual thionin mRNA species ...

Twenty-four fluorochemicals were quantified in landfill leachates recovered from municipal refuse using an analytical method based on solid-phase extraction, dispersive-carbon sorbent cleanup, and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The method was applied to six landfill leachates from four locations in the US as well as to a leachate generated by a laboratory bioreactor containing ...

In recently years, the alkenone unsaturation index (Uk'37=C37:.2/(C37:2+ C37:3)) has been used to reconstructed paleo-temperature for lacustrine sediments. However, few studies have addressed whether the relative abundance of the C37:4 alkenone to the total C37 production (C37:4 percent) can reflect surface salinity changes in lake systems. Here we present the distribution of ...

The expression of alternative oxidase (Aox) and uncoupling proteins (Ucp) was investigated during ripening in mango (Mangifera indica) and compared with the expression of peroxisomal thiolase, a previously described ripening marker in mango. The multigene family for the Aox in mango was expressed differentially during ripening. Abundance of Aox message and protein both peaked ...

Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, the authors mapped both the total and the cytoskeletal proteins of human platelets before and after activation with thrombin or the calcium ionophore A23187. Activation resulted in increased abundance of the phosphorylated form of myosin light chains with an approximate molecular mass of 20 kDa, decreased ...

Collection of biological organisms was undertaken to investigate the bioaccumulation of mercury in the food chain, the results of which are reported. Two sites were selected on Thunder Creek; the control or background site, site number 2, is located approximately 2.5 km upstream, from site number 1. The selection of organisms for analysis was based on the presence and ...

Benthic food chains of the Amazon (Brazil) and Fly (Papua New Guinea) river deltas and adjacent shelves are compared. Abundance patterns of the major trophic groups (bacteria, meiofauna, and macroinfauna) are similar between regions, with very low densities, or the absence of benthos, within and near the deltas. For muds in the more quiescent areas, ...

By means of Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of a supersonic molecular beam, we report here the laboratory detection of HC8N, a carbon chain with a triplet electronic ground state. A total of 71 hyperfine components from six rotational transitions between 8 and 13 GHz were measured to an uncertainty of 5 kHz or better. Eight spectroscopic constants, including six fine ...

Type I collagen is the most abundant and ubiquitously distributed of the collagen family of proteins. It is a heterotrimer comprising two ?1(I) chains and one ?2(I) chain which are encoded by the unlinked loci COL1A1 and COL1A2 respectively. Mutations at these loci result primarily in the connective tissue disorders osteogenesis ...

We use x-ray emission spectroscopy to elucidate the molecular structure of liquid methanol, water, and methanol-water solutions. We find that molecules in the pure liquid methanol predominantly persist as hydrogen-bonded chains and rings with six and/or eight molecules of equal abundance. For water-methanol solutions we find evidence of incomplete mixing ...

The authors interpret their measurements of sulfur gas densities in terms of hydroxyl densities. These measurements are the first to show a steep drop in sulfur dioxide densities above the tropopause, consistent with the expectation of one dimensional models. The low densities of sulfur dioxide relative to sulfuric acid can be interpreted as due to interactions with hydroxyl radicals, since the ...

Natural polyamines are found in all three domains of life and long-chain polyamines (LCPAs) play a special role in silicifying organisms such as diatoms and sponges where they are actively involved in the complex formation and nanopatterning of siliceous structures. With chain lengths extending up to 20 N-methylated propylamine repeat units, diatom LCPAs ...

From June 19, 2003 to August 18, 2003, we surveyed the mosquitoes of Oberlin, OH, for West Nile Virus (WNV) infection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A total of 12,055 mosquitoes, representing 17 species or species groups and 4 genera, were collected in gravid traps at seven sites throughout the city, with Culex pipiens/restuans being the most ...

We have investigated the role of molecular anion chemistry in pseudo-time-dependent chemical models of dark clouds. With oxygen-rich elemental abundances, the addition of anions results in a slight improvement in the overall agreement between model results and observations of molecular abundances in Taurus molecular cloud 1 (TMC-1 (CP)). More importantly, ...

I discuss the use of neutrinos from the CN cycle and pp chain to constrain the primordial solar core abundances of C and N at an interesting level of precision. A comparison of the Sun's deep interior and surface compositions would test a key assumption of the standard solar model (SSM), a homogeneous zero-age Sun. It would also provide a cross-check on ...

We model the spatial dependence of molecular abundances in the accretion disk of NGC 1068, a typical AGN-dominant galaxy. A number of different possible disk structures are used, and X-rays, cosmic-rays, and UV-photons are included in the model. The effects of these parameters on molecular abundances are examined for the well-observed species CO, CN, HCN, ...

The study employs the full isotopic r-process abundances in nature and a unified model for all nuclear properties involved to uniquely deduce the conditions necessary to produce such an abundance pattern. The nature of the steady-flow equilibrium of beta decays between isotopic chains is also investigated. Strong evidence is found to ...

High-molecular weight (> C16) hydrocarbons (HMWHs) are common pollutants in sediments of freshwater systems, particularly urban water bodies. No sediment quality guidelines exist for total hydrocarbons; more emphasis is placed on polyaromatic hydrocarbons, the most toxic component of hydrocarbons. A field-based microcosm experiment was conducted to determine whether unpolluted sediments spiked ...

Members of the genus Prochlorococcus belong to the most abundant phytoplankton on earth. In contrast to other cyanobacteria, Prochlorococcus is characterized by divinyl-chlorophyll containing light-harvesting complexes and the lack of phycobilisomes. Despite the lack of phycobilisomes, all sequenced genomes of Prochlorococcus possess genes that putatively encode enzymes ...

less abundant in space than even chains, but not greatly so: in IRC 10216, C H is about 25 times less in a rotationally cold astronomical9 2 source such as TMC-1 and IRC 10216--can be calculated with the constants

Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the most abundant fatty acids of cottonseed oil. As part of a project to develop new value-added industrial applications for cottonseed oil (such as biodiesel, fuel additives, and lubricants), studies were conducted in the synthetic conversion of oleic acid to branc...

Starch, the primary energy storage component of plants, consists of two large macromolecules, amylose and amylopectin. Each molecule is composed of long chains of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl units, with branching present in amylopectin and absent in amylose. The relative abundance of these two molecules ...

Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the most abundant fatty acids of cottonseed oil. As part of a project to develop new value-added industrial applications for cottonseed oil (such as biodiesel, fuel additives, and lubricants), studies were conducted in the synthetic conversion of oleic acid to branc...

Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the most abundant fatty acids of many vegetable oils, such as cottonseed oil. As part of a project to develop new and expanded uses of oilseed products and by-products (such as biodiesel, fuel additives, and lubricants), studies were conducted on the synthetic con...

The Tintinnida that were collected locally and in Woods Hole were identified; the relationships, occurrence of species and sizes of loricae, as a function of temperature were investigated. Progress was made in matching the size distribution of loricae in ...

F protein from Rhizobium leguminosarum. # 2000 Academic Press Keywords: structural genomics; NMR; ACP; Nod abundant soluble proteins in E. coli, shut- tling growing acyl chains during fatty acid biosyn- thesis N doubly labeled NodF protein from Rhizobium leguminosarum, a 92-amino acid protein. NodF, combined

A biochemical investigation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in Physcomitrella patens was undertaken with particular emphasis on the glycan chains. Following homogenization and differential centrifugation of moss gametophytes, AGPs were obtained by Arrive phenylglycoside-induced precipitation from...

Did you know that you're rarely more than six feet away from a spider? Or that these abundant predators--the largest entirely carnivorous order of animals--structure the terrestrial food chain? In this seminar, Dr. Vladimir Ovtsharenko, Research Scientist i

was not suffi- cient to reduce Daphnia abundance in the treatments with nutrient addition (NF), and Daphnia were Daphnia(mm)overtimein LongLake (LL)andinthefourtreatments00(no nutrients/nofishpreda- tion); OF.001). The zooplankton community consisted of Daphnia sp., copepods, Bosmina sp., Holopedium sp., and Pol- yphemus sp

, formic (HCOOH), acetic (CH3COOH), propionic (C2H5COOH) and propenic (C2H3COOH)) acids, has been developed. Simulations showed that the more abundant C3 acid formed is propenic acid. A quite acceptable agreement has and propenic acids under flame conditions; i.e. the low- temperature reactions of peroxy radicals have not been

Channel Island foxes, long the top predator in their ecosystem, show little fear of humans. Wild foxes often accost visitors on San Nicolas, the island with the most abundant fox population in the island chain. Now, archaeologists have new evidence that suggests foxes were carried to the islands by indigenous people thousands of years ago, and that humans ...

The purpose of this research was to determine why fingernail clams have been unable to recolonize a 100-mile reach of the Illinois River where they were abundant prior to a die-off in the 1950's. Fingernail clams are major links in food chains leading fro...

Cyanobacteria are found worldwide, primarily in aquatic habitats. They are increasing in abundance as a result of increasing nutrient inputs from various human activities. Recent data indicate that most cyanobacteria produce the neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), and this toxin can biomagnify UP some food chains to rather high concentrations ...

The contribution to interstellar chemistry from reactions on the surfaces of dust grains is described. Results of new calculations of sticking probability and surface mobility are presented, and the implications for interstellar chemistry are briefly explored. Reactions at the surfaces of oxide grains are reviewed, and their contributions to sulphur-bearing molecules, and hydroxides are described. ...

complexity and have abundance of charged hydrophilic amino acids. This suggests the extensive body models fluctuation induced attractions between unlike charges polyam� pholyte collapses globular configuration condensation regime. are thus modeling strongly charged polyelectrolyte polyam� pholyte chains. The charge

Cleansing of atmosphere by forests and other natural and managed vegetation. Impoverishment of soils caused by acid precipitation, influence of precipitation on the quality of lakes and streams, and the alterations in aquatic vegetation and fauna caused by deposition of acid substances were discussed. Increases in the abundance of heavy metals in food crops and natural food ...

During resistance training the muscle undergoes many changes. Possibly the most profound and significant changes are those that occur in the muscles contractile proteins. Increases in these contractile proteins are one of the primary factors contributing to myofibrillar hypertrophy. The most abundant muscle protein is myosin, which comprises 25% of the total muscle protein. ...

Ubiquitin is a versatile cellular signaling molecule that can form polymers of eight different linkages, and individual linkage-types have been associated with distinct cellular functions. Though little is currently known about Lys11-linked ubiquitin chains, recent data indicate that they may be as abundant as Lys48-linkages and involved in vital cellular ...

Total particulate matter was collected as part of three programs between 1999 and 2001 (EAAS in Finland, ESOMPTE in Marseille/Fos and POVA in french alpine valleys). The speciation of the particulate organic matter (POM) was performed by Gas Chromatography or HPLC coupled with a mass spectrometer. 13 organic families were identified in the 245 samples collected. The presence of some functional ...

Geochemical analysis of steranes in source rocks from the Western Canada Basin has allowed the identification of several C{sub 21} and C{sub 22} short-chain sterane isomers. The principal compounds in carbonates from the U. Jurassic Nordegg Formation have been identified as diginane and homodiginane, more thermodynamically-stable isomers of the compounds pregnane and ...

A series of oligo(m-phenylene ethylene)s having triethylene glycol ester-linked side chains (i.e., 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl esters) were prepared, and their supramolecular organization in the solid-state was studied. These oligomers are amphiphilic, having a nonpolar aromatic hydrocarbon backbone that is appended with flexible polar side chains. ...

Testicular recrudescence in male black bears (Ursus americanus) is initiated in January and completed in May. The goals of this study in the black bear were to determine 1) if testicular abundance of LH-receptor (LHr), FSH-receptor (FSHr), and prolactin-receptor (PRLr) mRNA changes during recrudescence; 2) if these changes in mRNA abundance are associated ...

BackgroundLow-abundance proteins are difficultly observed on the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) maps of urine proteome, because they are usually obscured by high-abundance proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulin. In this study, a novel fractionation method was developed for enriching low-abundance proteins by removing ...

Within the nervous system, heparan sulfate (HS) of the cell surface and extracellular matrix influences developmental, physiologic and pathologic processes. HS is a functionally diverse polysaccharide that employs motifs of sulfate groups to selectively bind and modulate various effector proteins. Specific HS activities are modulated by 3-O-sulfated glucosamine residues, which are generated by a ...

Flavonoids are conjugated by phase II enzymes in humans to form glucuronidated and sulfated metabolites that are excreted in urine via the kidney. In this study, we examined the interaction between metabolites of quercetin and isoflavonoids found in vivo with human organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) and 3 (OAT3) and their potential in attenuating OAT-induced cytotoxicity of adefovir. Accumulation ...