Bimorphous ceramics are a new class of materials that can be fabricated from the cellulose templates derived from natural biopolymers. These biopolymers are abundantly available in nature and are produced by the photosynthesis process. The wood cellulose ...

Starch and cellulose, earth's most abundant biopolymers, are of tremendous economic importance. Over 90% of cotton and 50% of wood are made of cellulose. Wood and cotton are the major resources for all cellulose products such as paper, textiles, construction materials, cardboard, as well as ...

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth. The great abundance of cellulose places it at the forefront as a primary source of biomass for renewable biofuels. However, the knowledge of how plant cells make cellulose remains very rudimentary. ...

Our research has dealt with seven major areas of investigation: 1) characterization of cellulolytic members of microbial consortia, with special attention recently given to Clostridium phytofermentans, a bacterium that decomposes cellulose and produces un...

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth. The great abundance of cellulose places it at the forefront as a primary source of biomass for renewable biofuels. However, the knowledge of how plant cells make cellulose remains very rudimentary. ...

Biological polymers (biopolymers) offer a degree of functionality not available in most synthetic polymers. Carbohydrate polymers (polysaccharides) are produced with great frequency in nature. Starch, cellulose and chitin are some of the most abundant natural polymers on earth. We examine here for...

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and can provide a renewable supply of ethanol fuel to replace fossil fuels. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of the biodegradation of cellulose is essential to the development novel enzyme systems that can efficiently and selectivity degrade a variety ...

Cellulose is the most important biopolymer in Nature and is used in preparation of new compounds. Molecular structure of cellulose is a repeating unit of ?-d-glucopyranose molecules forming a linear chain that can have a crystallographic or an amorphous form. Cellulose is insoluble in water, but can dissolve in ...

Diminishing fossil fuel resources as well as growing environmental and energy security concerns, in parallel with growing demands on raw materials and energy, have intensified global efforts to utilize wood biopolymers as a renewable resource to produce biofuels and biomaterials. Wood is one of the most abundant biopolymer composites ...

Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) is an important factor affecting their fate in the environment. Molecular-level HOC-soil organic matter (SOM) interactions and associated impacts on its bioavailability were investigated in this study. Our results showed that, phenanthrene (PHE) was mainly sequestrated in aromatic domains of lignin, as indicated by liquid-state (1)H-(13)C ...

Cellulose is an abundant and renewable biopolymer that can be used for biofuel generation; however, structural entrapment with other cell wall components hinders enzyme-substrate interactions, a key bottleneck for ethanol production. Biomass is routinely subjected to treatments that facilitate cellulase-cellulose ...

Z-trim is a zero calorie cellulosic fiber biopolymer produced from corn hulls. The micro-structural heterogeneities of Z-trim biopolymer were investigated by monitoring the thermally driven displacements of well-dispersed micro-spheres via video fluorescence microscopy named multiple-particle track...

Z-trim is a zero calorie cellulosic fiber biopolymer produced from corn hulls. The micro-structural heterogeneities of Z-trim biopolymer were investigated by monitoring the thermally driven displacements of well-dispersed micro-spheres via video fluorescence microscopy named multiple-particle track...

... involves the modification of the surface with amine functionality.8 ... was designed where chitosan, a biopolymer with abundant primary amines for ...

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in terrestrial ecosystems and is degraded by microbial communities in soils. However, relatively little is known about the diversity and function of soil prokaryotes that might participate in the overall degradation of this biopolymer. The active cellulolytic and ...

Nanoscale surfaces were examined in order to determine the influence of surface curvature on polymer behavior at polymer-ceramic interfaces, as well as the influence of nanoparticles in cellulosic media. Poly(methyl methacrylate) and block copolymers thereof were adsorbed onto porous alumina substrates of various pore sizes in order to determine how polymer and copolymer ...

Plant cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Technologies for producing cellulose fiber or improving the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose hold the key to biomass applications. A technology for atomizing biomass without strong acid catalysis remains to be developed. The water jet is a ...

Lignin is an aromatic heteropolymer and the second most abundant plant biopolymer after cellulose. It is deposited mostly in the secondary cell walls of vascular plants and is essential for water transport, mechanical support and for plant pathogen defense. Lignin biosynthesis is a highly energy-consuming and irreversible process that ...

Lignin is the second most abundant terrestrial biopolymer after cellulose. It is essential for the viability of vascular plants. Lignin precursors, the monolignols, are synthesized within the cytosol of the cell. Thereafter, these monomeric precursors are exported into the cell wall, where they are polymerized and integrated into the ...

Chemical remediation of soil may involve the use of harsh chemicals that generate waste streams, which may adversely affect the soil's integrity and ability to support vegetation. This article reviews the potential use of benign reagents, such as biopolymers, to extract heavy metals. The biopolymers discussed are chitin and chitosan, modified ...

Starch is one of the most abundantly available plant-based biopolymer. It is a major component of such high volume commodity crops as corn, potato, and rice. Starch is a highly crystalline, high molecular weight poly(glucose) biopolymer. Starch is insoluble in water in its native state. Various ...

A novel technique named multiple-particle tracking (MPT) was used to investigate the micro-structural heterogeneities of Z-trim, a zero calorie cellulosic fiber biopolymer produced from corn hulls. The principle of MPT technique is to monitor the thermally driven motion of inert micro-spheres, which...

The synthesis of one dimensional (1D) structures, using the bottom up technique has gained much attention in the past few years. This is due to the unique advantages of the synthesis method. The bottom up synthesis route for the fabrication of 1D structures utilizes mild experimental conditions, short experimental time, relatively inexpensive precursors and does not require a precise control of ...

Our research has dealt with seven major areas of investigation: i) characterization of cellulolytic members of microbial consortia, with special attention recently given to Clostridium phytofermentans, a bacterium that decomposes cellulose and produces uncommonly large amounts of ethanol, ii) investigations of the chitinase system of Cellulomonas uda; including the ...

Despite excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, the poor in vitro and in vivo degradability of cellulose has limited its biomedical and biomass conversion applications. To address this issue, we report a metabolic engineering-based approach to the rational redesign of cellular metabolites to introduce N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues into ...

Cellulose nanoreinforcements have been used to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biopolymers, whose performance is usually poor when compared to those of synthetic polymers. Nanocomposite edible films have been developed by adding cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in different concentrations (u...

Abstract Monosaccharide derivatives from the breakdown of cellulose are the major organic components of smoke particles emitted to the atmosphere from biomass burning. In urban areas a related biopolymer, chitin, may contribute markers to smoke from grilling/charring o...

... of 20% wheat flour mixed with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a non-nutritive filler (Lattice NT200, FMC Biopolymer, Philadelphia, PA). Previous work manipulating diet quality with MCC (Fedina and Lewis ...

-catalyzed degradation of glucose in [EMIMJC1 142 Figure 7.3 Glucose, HMF, and cellobiose production during cellulose and polysaccharides are promising resources for renewable products. In this dissertation, I report my research on both deconstructed for conversion into energy and materials to supply civilization. Production of renewable building

The association of trivalent f-elements-Eu(III), Am(III), and Cm(III)--with cellulose, chitin, and chitosan was determined by batch experiments and time-resolved, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). The properties of these biopolymers as an adsorbent were characterized based on speciation calculation of Eu(III). The adsorption study showed ...

The formation of peptide and protein conjugates of cellulose on cotton fabrics provides promising leads for the development of wound healing, antibacterial, and decontaminating textiles. An approach to the design, synthesis, and analysis of bioconjugates containing cellulose peptide and protein conjugates includes: 1) computer graphic modeling for a ...

Biopolymer adsorbents are versatile in their application for removal of heavy metals. The present work is focused towards the preliminary study of the interaction of diphenylthiocarbazone (DTZ) complex of chromium(VI) in acidic medium with cellulose biopolymer. Chromium-DTZ complex could be quantitatively adsorbed on a ...

Influence of both the absorbed dose and the dose rate of 8 MeV electron-beam radiation on destruction of microcrystalline cellulose, pine lignin and krill chitin was investigated. Two conversion modes were compared: (1) post-radiation distillation PRD and (2) electron-beam distillation EBD. Cellulose, chitin and lignin demonstrate different responses to ...

In recent years, the preparation of cellulosic composites and nanocomposites has become an important approach because of the wide abundance of cellulose, its biodegradability, renewability, and the ability to effectively reinforce a polymer matrix in an environmentally benign nature. The main object...

Electroactive polymers (EAPs), a new class of materials, have the potential to be used for applications like biosensors, environmentally sensitive membranes, artificial muscles, actuators, corrosion protection, electronic shielding, visual displays, solar materials, and components in high-energy batteries. The commercialization of synthetic EAPs, however, has so far been severely limited. ...