... contributed relatively little to the clutch, but endogenous lipid accounted for approximately two-thirds of the lipid in the clutch. Levels of endogenous lipid and ... ...

The time course of changes in lipid peroxidation and the characteristics of endogenous intoxication were studied in the treatment of patients with gonarthrosis. The findings suggest the positive changes in the biochemical parameters that characterize endogenous intoxication and recovery of the body's antioxidant status despite the ...

This review provides an overview of the formation, pharmacology, and toxicology of endogenous glutathione (GSH)-adducts with particular emphasis on GSH-adducts that arise from lipid peroxidation. GSH is the major low-molecular-weight thiol in mammalian cells. It is involved in the formation of endogenous bioactive eicosanoids and is a ...

... Bering Sea, and a decline in abundance of lipid-rich schooling fishes is hypothesized as the major ... comprises two oceanographically distinct areas. Populations of a lipid-rich sch...

Use of Lipid Profiles of Euphausia superba as a Parameter for Determining Dietary Preferences & the Abundance & Spatial Distribution of krill ...

Use of Lipid Profiles of Euphausia superba as a Parameter for Determining Dietary Preferences & the Abundance & Spatial Distribution of krill ...

Fucus serratus eggs were examined for evidence of the existence of a lysosome-like body using enzyme histochemical and vital staining techniques. Simultaneous coupling azo-dye techniques for lysosomal acid phosphatase proved inappropriate owing to endogenous phenolic binding artefacts. The large number of alginate polysaccharide and polyphenolic egg vesicles interfered with ...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma. It is known to transport drugs as well as endogenous ligands, like free fatty acids (FFA). A mass spectrometry based method was applied to analyze the albumin bound lipid ligands. HSA was isolated from a human plasma pool by cold ethanol fractionation and ion exchange ...

Endogenous lipid storage components are accumulated or utilized by both microorganisms and marine invertebrates, depending upon their nutritional status. Triglycerides are commonly the lipid endogenous storage materials utilized by fungi, marine vertebrat...

Endogenous lipid storage components are accumulated or utilized by both microorganisms and marine invertebrates, depending upon their nutritional status. Triglycerides are commonly the lipid endogenous storage materials utilized by fungi, marine vertebrates and many invertebrates...

Cholesterol is an abundant lipid of mammalian membranes and plays a crucial role in membrane organization, dynamics, function and sorting. The role of cholesterol in membrane organization has been a subject of intense investigation that has largely been carried out in model membrane systems. An extension of these studies in natural membranes, more ...

The lipid second messenger sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a critical mediator of cellular proliferation and survival signals, and is essential for vasculogenesis and neurogenesis. S1P formation is catalysed by sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (Sphk1 and Sphk2). We have found that the endogenous glycolipid sulfatide (3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide) binds to and ...

Initial levels of total and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups and AOA (antioxidant activity) of lipids of the spleen and liver of intact animals of different species were measured. Animal radiosensitivity was evaluated according to value of LD /sub 50/ /sub 30/. No unequivocal correlation was demonstrated between base levels of endogenous thiols and AOA of ...

Glycerol monoethers. Carbonates. Archaeal. Lipids. Abundant. Structure & ?13C LC lipids show methane production is also biological ...

Use of Lipid Profiles of Euphausia superba as a Parameter for Determining Dietary Preferences & the Abundance & Spatial Distribution of krill [ASAC_508] ...

Metabolites of endogenous biochemical substances can be considered to represent the ultimate organ and cellular responses to toxicants or other changes in an organism's environment. An important fraction of these endogenously produced metabolites are lipids; the comprehensive stu...

Direct MALDI-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) profiling of tissue lipids often observes isobaric phosphatidylcholine (PC) species caused by the endogenous alkali metal ions that bias the relative abundance of tissue lipids. Fresh rat brain cryosections were washed with 70% ethanol (EtOH), water (H?O), or 150 mM ...

Regulation of the sleep-wake cycle involves diverse brain circuits and molecules. Further complexity has been introduced by the recognition of sleep-promoting factors that accumulate in the brain naturally or during prolonged waking. The variety of sleep-inducing molecules includes peptides, cytokines, and lipids. With regard to the lipids, current ...

Cytokinins (CKs) may be involved in the regulation of plant adaptation to drought stress. The objectives of the study were to identify proteomic changes in leaves and roots in relation to improved drought tolerance in transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) containing a senescence-activated promoter (SAG12) and the isopentyl transferase (ipt) transgene that increases ...

2-O-Arachidonoyl-1-O-stearoyl-sn-glycerol is the most abundant molecular species of the 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol signaling lipids in neural tissue. The facile preparation of 2-O-[1�-¹⁴C]arachidonoyl-1-O-stearoyl-sn-glycerol from 2-O-[1�-¹⁴C]arachidonoyl-1-O-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine at a hexane and ...

... Abstract : Studies from our lab and others' have implicated one class of lipid molecules, arachidonic acid (AA) lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their ...

Mass spectrometry-based analyses are essential tools in the field of biomarker research. However, detection and characterization of plasma low abundance and/or low molecular weight peptides is challenged by the presence of highly abundant proteins, salts and lipids. Numerous strategies have already been tested to reduce the complexity ...

Mass spectrometry-based analyses are essential tools in the field of biomarker research. However, detection and characterization of plasma low abundance and/or low molecular weight peptides is challenged by the presence of highly abundant proteins, salts and lipids. Numerous strategies have already been tested to reduce the complexity ...

The identification of nitric oxide (�NO) as an endogenously produced free radical mediator of endothelial-dependent relaxation and host defense has fundamentally changed concepts of cell signal transduction. Ligand-receptor oriented paradigms of cell signaling were originally centered on the concept of a high affinity and specific interaction between a ligand and its ...

A method that exchanges the endogenous lipids in the environment of the membrane-bound (Mg2+ + Na+)-ATPase of Acholeplasma laidlawii B with defined exogenous lipids has been devised. Results demonstrate that 99.9% of the original membrane lipids were replaced with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid. ATPase ...

Dietary and endogenously modified lipids modulate inflammation by functioning as intra- and intercellular signaling molecules. Proinflammatory lipid mediators such as the eicosanoids compete against the signaling actions of newly discovered modified fatty acids that act to resolve inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease, multiple ...

BackgroundMicroglia provide continuous immune surveillance of the CNS and upon activation rapidly change phenotype to express receptors that respond to chemoattractants during CNS damage or infection. These activated microglia undergo directed migration towards affected tissue. Importantly, the molecular species of chemoattractant encountered determines if microglia respond with pro- or ...

Light-driven electron and energy transfer involving non-DNA skin chromophores as endogenous photosensitizers induces oxidative stress in UVA-exposed human skin, a process relevant to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Malondialdehyde is an electrophilic dicarbonyl-species derived from membrane lipid peroxidation. Here, we present experimental evidence ...

Type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB(1) ) is the most abundant G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the brain. CB(1) and its endogenous agonists, the so-called 'endocannabinoids (eCBs)', belong to an ancient neurosignalling system that plays important functions in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ...

SummaryPerturbation of paracrine signaling within the human conventional outflow pathway influences tissue homeostasis and outflow function. For example, exogenous introduction of the bioactive lipids, sphingosine-1-phosphate, anandamide or prostaglandin F_2?, to conventional outflow tissues alters the rate of drainage of aqueous humor through the ...

Metabolic diseases such as obesity are characterized by a subclinical inflammatory state that contributes to the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Recent reports also indicate that (i) there are alterations of the intestinal microbiota in metabolic diseases and (ii) absorption of endogenous endotoxins (namely lipopolysaccharides, LPS) can occur, ...

in high molecular weight lipids, particularly intact acyl lipids, such as triacyl- glycerols, wax esters. In this paper, total lipid extracts and insoluble organic matter from soils of three adjacent plots-alkanols and n-alkanes, with the former being the more abundant [Fig. 2(a)]. In addition, ...

The lipid content and composition of four strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were analysed to determine any possible correlation with their virulence for hamsters and mice. Two strains, Pb168 and Pb141, were equal in virulence, Pb9 was slightly virulent and Pb140 was avirulent under the experimental conditions. No correlation was observed between virulence and the total ...

During the cell cycle, the organization of the cytoskeletal network undergoes dramatic changes. In order to reveal possible changes of the viscoelastic properties in the intracellular space during the cell cycle we investigated the diffusion of endogenous lipid granules within the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces Pombe using optical tweezers. The cell ...

The actin cytoskeleton is continuously remodeled through cycles of actin filament assembly and disassembly. Filaments are born through nucleation and shaped into supramolecular structures with various essential functions. These range from contractile and protrusive assemblies in muscle and non-muscle cells to actin filament comets propelling vesicles or pathogens through the cytosol. Although ...

The actin cytoskeleton is continuously remodeled through cycles of actin filament assembly and disassembly. Filaments are born through nucleation and shaped into supramolecular structures with various essential functions. These range from contractile and protrusive assemblies in muscle and non-muscle cells to actin filament comets propelling vesicles or pathogens through the cytosol. Although ...

Fibrillins are lipid-binding proteins of plastids that are induced under abiotic stress conditions. In response to environmental stress, plants generate abscisic acid (ABA) as an endogenous signal. We show that ABA treatment and fibrillin accumulation enhance the tolerance of photosystem II toward light stress-triggered photoinhibition in Arabidopsis. ABA ...

Adjustment and maintenance of body weight are the result of many process combination, that affect both the gastrointestinal system and other mechanisms in the central nervous system. Often a diet modification alone is not sufficient to guarantee significant changes in body weight. For this reason, it sometimes necessary to make other interventions, in order to help an individual to adhere to the ...

During the cell cycle, the organization of the cytoskeletal network undergoes dramatic changes. In order to reveal possible changes of the viscoelastic properties in the intracellular space during the cell cycle we investigated the diffusion of endogenous lipid granules within the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces Pombe using optical tweezers. The cell ...

It has been established that host lipids play a unique role for long term survival and life cycle completion in endogenous parasites. Parasites exploit fatty acids and lipids from the host, not only for membrane synthesis, but also for modification of their surface integrity to a...

It was recently asserted that the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) serves as a global regulator, or governor, of mitochondrial function (Lemasters and Holmuhamedov, Biochim Biophys Acta 1762:181-190, 2006). Indeed, VDAC, positioned on the interface between mitochondria and the cytosol (Colombini, Mol Cell Biochem 256:107-115, 2004), is at the control point of mitochondria life and death. ...

... storing energy reserves in the form of lipid, glycogen, and protein substrates when food is abundant, which ... of the body components, the quantity of lipid, glycogen, protein, and nucleic acids was esti...

Perilipin A is the most abundant phosphoprotein on adipocyte lipid droplets and is essential for lipid storage and lipolysis. Perilipin null mice exhibit diminished adipose tissue, elevated basal lipolysis, reduced catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis, and increased insulin resistance. To understand t...

Lipids are the most abundant organic constituents in many humans. The rise in obesity prevalence has prompted a need for a more refined understanding of the effects of lipid molecules on cell physiology. In skeletal muscle, deposition of lipids can be associated with insulin resistance that contributes to the ...

of controls on biological productivity in large rivers using lipid, fatty acid and isotopic markers (River Productivity Team) Identifying potential controls on the abundance...

biochemical adaptations involving storage of lipid and glycogen. .... Abundant glycogen deposits (arrows) in the myocardium of a space-flown rat. 27500X. ...

Oleic acid is known to be a penetration enhancer for polar to moderately polar molecules. A mechanism related to lipid phase separation has been previously proposed by this laboratory to explain the increases in skin transport. In the studies presented here, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was utilized to investigate whether or not oleic acid exists in a ...

Zebrafish are a valuable model for mammalian lipid metabolism; larvae process lipids similarly through the intestine and hepatobiliary system and respond to drugs that block cholesterol synthesis in humans. After ingestion of fluorescently quenched phospholipids, endogenous lipase activity and rapid transport of cleavage products ...

Methods and materials for studying the effects of a newly identified human gene, APOAV, and the corresponding mouse gene apoAV. The sequences of the genes are given, and transgenic animals which either contain the gene or have the endogenous gene knocked out are described. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene are described and characterized. It is ...

The predominant theory for vitamin E action is based on the antioxidant properties of the vitamin. Vitamin E prevents the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in lipids of cellular membranes, thereby stabilizing membrane structure. This actio...

The predominant theory for vitamin E action is based on the antioxidant properties of the vitamin. Vitamin E prevents the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in lipids of cellular membranes, thereby stabilizing membrane structure. This action is demonstrated by the ...

Aerodynamic theory predicts that migrant fliers should reduce their speed of flight as endogenous energy reserves are gradually consumed. This prediction was tested for butterfly species that engage in annual rainy season migrations through central Panama. Direct airspeed measurements together wit...

We revealed differences in the lipid and carbohydrate composition between cells of mucorous fungi during endogenous and exogenous dormancy. Endogenous dormancy (zygospores) is characterized by high contents of phosphatidylcholine (about 70% of total phospholipids) and triacylglycerol (over 90% of total neutral ...

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) is a key enzyme for the synthesis of urea and the endogenous synthesis of arginine. OTC is present in hepatocytes and enterocytes and catalyzes the synthesis of citrulline. Although the spf-ash mutation results in a reduction in enzyme abundance, ureagenesis is maint...

An adult male common genet (Genetta genetta) was examined for an onset of severe dyspnea. Physical examination findings included tachypnea and increased inspiratory sounds. Survey radiographs showed consolidation of both lung lobes, and a bronchoalveolar lavage sample contained cholesterol crystals. The genet was treated with a glucocorticoid but died overnight. Gross necropsy findings included ...

An analysis of data on the growth dynamics and lipid distribution in the body cavity, muscles and liver of carp fed on different foods has shown that high protein food stimulates growth and reduces the accumulation of lipid in the body cavity and muscles. Growth is retarded on plant food and lipids are abundantly ...

Caveolae are subdomains of the eukaryotic cell surface, so named because they resemble little caves, being small omega-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane into the cytosol. They are present in many cell types, and are especially abundant in adipocytes, in which they have been implicated as playing a role in lipid metabolism. Thus, mice and humans ...

ABCA2 protein belongs to the ABCA subclass of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters proposed to exert critical functions in transmembrane transport of endogenous lipids. In this study, we found by immunoblot analyses that approximately 260 kDa of ABCA2 protein is expressed predominantly in oligodendrocytes, and that the expression of the protein is ...

Monoglyceride lipase (MGL) influences energy metabolism by at least two mechanisms. First, it hydrolyzes monoacylglycerols (MG) into fatty acids and glycerol. These products can be used for energy production or synthetic reactions. Second, MGL degrades 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), the most abundant endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors (CBR). ...

Endogenous yolk nutrients are crucial for embryo and larval development in fish, but developmental behavior of the genes that control yolk utilization remains unknown. Apolipoproteins have been shown to play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. In this study, EcApoC-I, the first cloned ApoC-I in teleosts, has been ...

Increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins provoke lipid accumulation in the artery wall, triggering early inflammatory responses central to atherosclerosis like endothelial adhesion molecule expression. The endogenous mechanisms limiting such reactions remain poorly defined. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in ...

Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators thought to modulate central and peripheral neural functions. We report here gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry analysis of human brain, showing that lipid extracts contain anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), the most active endocannabinoids known to date. Human brain also contained the ...

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate T lymphocytes that are restricted by CD1d antigen-presenting molecules and recognize lipids and glycolipids as antigens. NKT cells have attracted attention for their potent immunoregulatory effects. Like other types of regulatory lymphocytes, a high proportion of NKT cells appear to be autoreactive to self antigens. Thus, as myeloid ...

Ubiquitous among eukaryotes, lipid droplets are organelles that function to coordinate intracellular lipid homeostasis. Their morphology and abundance is affected by numerous genes, many of which are involved in lipid metabolism. In this report we identify a Trypanosoma brucei protein kinase, LDK, and demonstrate ...

It has been suggested previously that chlorpropamide and other hypoglycemic sulfonylureas interfere with hepatic triglyceride breakdown. Since ketogenesis from endogenous hepatic lipid stores is a measure of hepatic triglyceride hydrolysis, ketogenesis derived from endogenous lipids as well as ketogenesis derived ...

The structure of biomembranes was imitated by introducing nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene (23) dodecylether, cholic acid and endogenic thermostable protein complex (14-65?kDa) into the mobile phase. The influence of concentration of these additives on the retention of the model compounds was studied. The competing interaction of cholic acid and ...

TLRs were evolved to detect invading pathogens and to induce innate immune responses in order to mount host defense mechanisms. It becomes apparent that the activation of some TLRs is also modulated by endogenous molecules including lipid components, fatty acids. Results from epidemiological and ani...

1 Lipid rafts : dream or reality for cholesterol transporters ? St�phane ORLOWSKI1 *, Christine membranes, cholesterol is an endogenous component of mammalian cells of primary importance, and is thus. This regulation requires adapted mechanisms favoring the handling of cholesterol in aqueous compartments, as well

Introduction Almost half of human DNA sequences are derived from various types of transposable elements and more than 8% of them are endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and their fragments [1]. Most of them stem from past retroviral infections of the germline cells of primates and consequent expansion in the genome by means of retrotransposition and stab inheritance. The ...

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are effector molecules of RNA interference (RNAi), a highly conserved RNA-based gene suppression mechanism in plants, mammals and other eukaryotes. Endogenous RNAi-based gene suppression has been harnessed naturally and through conventional breeding to achieve desired plant phenotypes. The present study demonstrates that ...

An unusual class of lipid with amphiphilic properties has been detected in nodule tissue of Alnus and Ceanothus. High levels of the same lipid (20-50% of total cell lipids) were detected in solvent extracts of Frankia spp. cells. However, the lipid was absent in host roots. The lipid was ...

Considerable evidence shows that lateral inhomogeneities in lipid composition and physical properties exist in biological membranes. These membrane lipid domains are proposed to play important roles in processes such as signal transduction and membrane traffic. However, there is not at present an adequate description of the nature of these ...

Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) plays key roles in gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis, and cataplerosis. Experiments were designed to examine the effects of endogenous lipid molecules from rat livers on the expression of PEPCK-C gene in primary rat hepatocytes. The lipid extracts prepared from livers of Zucker ...

Cigarette smoke (CS) is known to contain a large number of oxidants. In order to assess the oxidative effects of CS on biological fluids, we exposed human blood plasma to filtered (gas phase) and unfiltered (whole) CS, and determined the rate of utilization of endogenous antioxidants in relation to the appearance of lipid hydroperoxides. ...

Lipid mediators are important endogenous regulators derived from enzymatic degradation of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol by phospholipases, sphingomyelinases, and cytochrome P450 hydroxylases, respectively. In neural cells, lipid mediators are associated with proliferation, differentiation, oxidative stress, ...

The first examples of highly charged ions observed under intermediate pressure (IP) vacuum conditions are reported using laser ablation of matrix/analyte mixtures. The method and results are similar to those obtained at atmospheric pressure (AP) using laserspray ionization (LSI) and/or matrix assisted inlet ionization (MAII). Electrospray ionization (ESI), LSI, and MAII are methods operating at AP ...

Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress contribute to atherogenesis. Astaxanthin (ASTX) is a red-colored carotenoid well known for its high antioxidant capacity. However, its effects on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanisms have received only limited investigation. We fed male apoE knockout (apoE)(-/-) mice, a mouse model for atherosclerosis, a high-fat ...

There is intense interest in comprehensive proteomic approaches for analyzing integral membrane proteins and lipoproteins. Key features of mass spectrometric analysis center on enriching biological material for proteins of interest, efficiently digesting them, extracting the resulting peptides, and using fractionation methods to comprehensively sample proteins or peptides by tandem mass ...

Caveolins form plasmalemnal invaginated caveolae. They also locate around intracellular lipid droplets but their role in this location remains unclear. By studying primary adipocytes that highly express caveolin-1, we characterized the impact of caveolin-1 deficiency on lipid droplet proteome and lipidome. We identified several missing proteins on the ...

The barrier function of skin is primarily provided by the lamellar lipid matrix of the stratum corneum (SC), which has been shown in previous infrared (IR) and related studies to consist predominantly of ordered lipids packed in orthorhombic and hexagonal domains. In the current work, we investigate the effects of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl ...

SummarySignal transduction following binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an essential aspect of host innate immune responses to infection by Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we describe a novel molecular mechanism used by a prevalent human bacterial pathogen to evade and subvert the human innate immune system. We show that the oral pathogen, P. gingivalis, uses ...

Leukocyte lipid bodies, abundant in cells associated with inflammation, can be induced to form in response to stimuli that include cis -unsaturated, but not saturated, fatty acids. Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF(3)), a non-esterifiable arachidonate analog and an inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)enzymes (PLA(2)), dose-dependently (0-20 ...

Agonistic behaviour and lipid state were examined in tarantula Brachypelma albopilosa females during the foraging period. Modulation of the agonistic behaviour of females was not connected to their body size. Results show that the agonistic pattern of females differed significantly from the predation pattern at the behavioural and lipid levels. ...

Lipids present in a recent marine sediment were extracted, derivatized and analyzed by GC and GCMS, without preseparation. This combination of methods offers the possibility to determine various classes of lipids simultaneously. Selective chemical treatment prior to the total lipid extraction, enables the determination of the mode of ...

There is ample evidence implicating reactive oxygen species in a number of human degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis and haemochromatosis. Although lipid peroxidation underlies many of the toxic effects of oxidative stress, there is a lack of a sensitive and reliable method for its assessment in vivo. To understand the implications of oxidative stress in vivo, we ...

This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod, haddock and halibut. Three groups of cod (276 g � 61 g), haddock (538 g � 83 g) and halibut (3704 g � 221 g) were maintained with commercial feeds mainly based on fish meal and marine fish oil for 12 weeks prior to sampling. The fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were determined by ...

N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are bioactive fatty acid derivatives that occur in all eukaryotes. In plants, NAEs have potent negative growth-regulating properties, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-mediated hydrolysis is a primary catabolic pathway that operates during seedling establishment to deplete these compounds. Alternatively, polyunsaturated (PU)-NAEs may serve as substrates for ...

Dyslipoproteinemia is prevalent in women as well as in men. In both, its consequences--premature atherosclerosis and CAD morbidity and mortality--are more common. Although clinical evidence of the benefits of cholesterol lowering is less abundant in women, it is not entirely absent. As in men, cholesterol lowering in women is associated with a decline in CAD risk and with ...

Controlled resolution or the physiologic resolution of a well-orchestrated inflammatory response at the tissue level is essential to return to homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular events that control the termination of acute inflammation is needed in molecular terms given the widely held view that aberrant inflammation underlies many common diseases. This review ...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of feeding the male mice with miso that was prepared with a mixture of microbial starters on the level of lipid peroxidation as a marker of oxidative stress, antioxidant power of hepatocytes, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant. The starters that were used in the preparation of miso were Aspergillus oryzae and ...

AbstractTau is a microtubule associated protein whose aggregation is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. We investigate the mechanism by which anionic lipid vesicles induce aggregation of tau in�vitro using K18, a fragment of tau corresponding to the four repeats of the microtubule binding domain. Our results show that aggregation occurs when the amount of ...

The lipid A of Gram-negative bacteria plays a major role in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections. Lipid A diversity is observed both in the number and length of fatty-acid side chains and in the presence of terminal phosphate residues and associated modifications. In this report, we describe a new sample preparation method based on microwave-assisted ...

Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and an endogenous product of lipid peroxidation. It is also generated during the metabolism of several drugs and amino acids. In this study, we examined the effects of acrolein on endothelial cells. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 2 to 10 {mu}M acrolein led to an increase in ...

The KCl cotransporter (KCC) is a major determinant of osmotic homeostasis and plays an emerging role in tumor biology. This study stresses the important role of KCC4 in tumor malignant behavior. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on samples collected by laser microdissection and immunofluorescent stainings with different KCC isoform antibodies indicate that KCC4 is ...

Tumor cells exhibit an altered metabolism characterized by elevated aerobic glycolysis and lactate secretion which is supported by an increase in glucose transport and consumption. We hypothesized that reducing or eliminating the expression of the most prominently expressed glucose transporter(s) would decrease the amount of glucose available to breast cancer cells thereby decreasing their ...

Ambient ionization methods for MS enable direct, high-throughput measurements of samples in the open air. Here, we report on one such method, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), which is coupled to a linear ion trap mass spectrometer and used to record the spatial intensity distribution of a drug directly from histological sections of brain, lung, kidney, and testis without prior chemical ...

Increased cholesterol efflux from macrophage-derived foam cells (MDFCs) is an important protective mechanism to decrease lipid load in the atherosclerotic plaque. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), decreases circulating cholesterol, but its role in cholesterol efflux has not been extensively studied. Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 ...

Hindlimb suspension (HLS) elicits muscle atrophy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in skeletal muscle. Increases in oxidative stress can have detrimental effects on muscle mass and function, and it can potentially lead to myonuclear apoptosis. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol possessing both antioxidant and antiaging properties. To analyze the capacity of resveratrol to attenuate ...

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) are small neuronal organelles that store neurotransmitters and release them by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft for signal transmission between nerve cells. They consist of a highly curved membrane composed of different lipids containing several proteins with specific functions. A family of abundant extrinsic SV proteins, the ...

Ambient ionization methods for MS enable direct, high-throughput measurements of samples in the open air. Here, we report on one such method, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), which is coupled to a linear ion trap mass spectrometer and used to record the spatial intensity distribution of a drug directly from histological sections of brain, lung, kidney, and testis without prior chemical ...

Much progress has been achieved in cannabinoid research. A major breakthrough in marijuana-cannabinoid research has been the discovery of a previously unknown but elaborate endogenous endocannabinoid system (ECS), complete with endocannabinoids and enzymes for their biosynthesis and degradation with genes encoding two distinct cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) receptors (CBRs) that ...

The seed of Medicago truncatula have morphological features typical of dicotyledons, and are borne in a spine-covered spiral pod. The cotyledons are rich in protein (35-45%), the major storage molecule. They accumulate approximately 10% lipids and only traces of starch. The most abundant proteins a...

To understand the molecular basis of autophagy in prostate cancer, I am trying to isolate pure autophagosomes from autophagic cell survival and autophagic cell death Prostate cancer cell model and profile proteins and lipids to identify autophagy abundant...

... relatively few bacterial taxa. Thus, inputs of these polymers may affect both the diversity and biogeography of ... sugars, lipids, etc., and the relative abundance of polymer classes may therefore affect...

cells is to control the traffic of proteins and lipids through the endomembrane system (for review, see Sanderfoot and Raikhel, 1999). Most protein cargo first enters the endomembrane system at the endoplasmic and potentially con- fusing) criteria. To synchronize the nomenclature we have developed a system for naming

Canned products were prepared from three underutilized species that are abundant in the Gulf of Mexico: Spanish sardine, Sardinella aurita; thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum; and chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus. Proximate chemical compositions, fatty a...

... forage as lipid stores were depleted (McIlhenny 1940, Miller et al. 1988, Newton 1998:297). Of factors subject to partial control via management, size of breeding populations and indices of local abundance...

Infestation of wheat by Hessian fly larvae causes a variety of physiological and biochemical changes in the host plant. We report here that these include changes in cuticle permeability, lipid composition and gene transcript abundance and that these responses differ substantially between resistant a...

The involvement of microtubules in the transepithelial transport of exogenous lipid in intestinal absorptive cells has been suggested. Using electronmicroscopic, biochemical, and radiochemical methods, researchers have studied the effects of the antimicrotubular agent colchicine on the intestinal mucosa and on the intestinal transport of endogenous ...

Lipids play critical roles in a litany of physiological and pathophysiological events, often through the regulation of protein function. These activities are generally difficult to characterize, however, because the membrane environment in which lipids operate is very complex. Moreover, lipids have a diverse range of biological ...

Lipid metabolism is a continuum from emulsification and uptake of lipids in the intestine to cellular uptake and transport to compartments such as mitochondria. Whether fats are shuttled into lipid droplets in adipose tissue or oxidized in mitochondria and peroxisomes depends on metabolic substrate availability, energy balance and ...

APOBEC3 proteins are potent restriction factors against retroviral infection in primates. This restriction is accompanied by hypermutations in the retroviral genome that are attributable to the cytidine deaminase activity of the APOBEC3 proteins. Studies of nucleotide sequence diversity among endogenous gammaretroviruses suggest that the evolution of ...

Research on the formation of novel enzymatic oxygenation products derived from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has revealed the endogenous formation of several novel autacoids that have been termed resolvins and protectins. The elucidation of the chemical structures of resolvins and protectins, and the assessment of their ...