Drug abuse is a major public health problem, and the relationship between intravenous drug abuse and AIDS underscores the need for more effective treatment medications. Animal models of drug self-administration are useful to systematically evaluate new treatment medications and predict clinical efficacy. This review summarizes the ...
PubMed
Page 1. AD_____ Award Number: DAMD17-02-1-0638 TITLE: Preclinical Mouse Models of Neurofibromatosis ...
DTIC Science & Technology
The drug development process for CNS indications is hampered by a paucity of preclinical tests that accurately predict drug efficacy in humans. Here, we show that a wide variety of CNS-active drugs induce characteristic alterations in visual stimulus�induced and/or spontaneous eye movements in mice. Active compounds included sedatives and antipsychotic, antidepressant, and ...
PubMed Central
The dopamine transporter (DAT) has been a primary target for cocaine abuse/addiction medication discovery. However predicted addiction liability and limited clinical evaluation has provided a formidable challenge for development of these agents for human use. The unique and atypical pharmacological profile of the benztropine (BZT) class of dopamine uptake inhibitors, in ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Environmental enrichment during development produces a host of neurobehavioral effects in preclinical models. Early work demonstrated that enrichment enhances learning of a variety of behavioral tasks in rats and these changes are associated with neural changes in various cortical regions. In addition to promoting superior learning, more recent evidence ...
This study assessed the relative strength of the association between abuse, negative parenting style, and somatization in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Drawing from preclinical stress physiology and abuse research identifying the family social climate as a frequently stronger and independent determinant of long-term health ...
... Descriptors : *CONSORTIUMS, *CHILDREN, *CANCER, MODELS, CLINICAL MEDICINE, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, STRAINS(BIOLOGY ...
... is a member of the Mouse Models of Human Cancer ... SYMPOSIA, CLINICAL MEDICINE, NEOPLASMS, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, STRAINS ...
... Title: Validation of a Pre-Clinical Model for the ... and mammary tissue processed for IHC detection of BrdU ... are observed between groups is of interest. ...
... Diabetes 2008; 57: 3169-76. ... subsequent studies in preclinical models; however, small animals do not ... Therefore, while animal models other than the preclinical pig ...
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
The link between social influence and drug abuse has long been established in humans. However, preclinical animal models of drug abuse have only recently begun to consider the role of social influence. Since social factors influence the initiation and maintenance of drug use in humans, it is important to include ...
The drug development process for CNS indications is hampered by a paucity of preclinical tests that accurately predict drug efficacy in humans. Here, we show that a wide variety of CNS-active drugs induce characteristic alterations in visual stimulus-induced and/or spontaneous eye movements in mice. Active compounds included sedatives and antipsychotic, antidepressant, and ...
Contents: PET, SPECT, and Probes in Drug Design and Development; Positron Emission Tomography in Studies of Drug Abuse; Imaging Brain Function in Animals to Understand Drugs of Abuse and Potential Pharmacotherapies; Brain-Imaging Studies of the Combined U...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Contents: The Medications Development Program: A New Initiative of the National Institute on Drug Abuse; Cocaine-Related Medical Crises: Evidence From the Drug Abuse Warning Network; Preclinical Assessment of Cocaine Toxicity: Mechanisms and Pharmacothera...
Drug self-administration behavior has been one of the most direct and productive approaches for studying the reinforcing effects of psychoactive drugs, which are critical in determining their abuse potential. Cannabinoids, which are usually abused by humans in the form of marijuana, have become the most frequently abused illicit class ...
... The manual guides the counseling pastor through a model for assisting abusing families to ... This manual focuses on prevention of child abuse. ...
Human and animal research indicates the presence of sex differences in drug abuse. These data suggest that females, compared to males, are more vulnerable to key phases of the addiction process that mark transitions in drug use such as initiation, drug bingeing, and relapse. Recent data indicate that the female gonadal hormone estrogen may facilitate drug ...
Drug abuse and dependence present significant health burdens for our society, affecting roughly 10% of the population. Stress likely contributes to the development and persistence of drug use; for example, rates of substance dependence are elevated among individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, understanding the interaction between stress and ...
... has generated many novel models of NF1 and ... Descriptors : *FIBROSIS, *PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, *CLINICAL MEDICINE, FOUNDATIONS ...
... Consortium is a member of the Moue Models of Human ... Descriptors : *STRAINS(BIOLOGY), *CANCER, *PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, TEST AND ...
... has been admitted to the Mouse Models of Human ... NEOPLASMS, STRAINS(BIOLOGY), MICE, CONSORTIUMS, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY. ...
... CANCER, *GENETIC DISEASES, STRAINS(BIOLOGY), MICE, ANATOMICAL MODELS, FIBROSIS, PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ...
... has been admitted to the Moue Models of Human ... NEOPLASMS, STRAINS( BIOLOGY), MICE, CONSORTIUMS, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY. ...
Repeated exposure to drugs of abuse produces long-term molecular and neurochemical changes that may explain the core features of addiction, such as the compulsive seeking and taking of the drug, as well as the risk of relapse. A growing number of new molecular and cellular targets of addictive drugs have been identified, and rapid advances are being made in relating those ...
AbstractImpulsivity, broadly defined as action without foresight, is a component of numerous psychiatric illnesses including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mania and substance abuse. In order to investigate the mechanisms underpinning impulsive behavior, the nature of impulsivity itself needs to be defined in operational terms that can be used as the basis ...
Current therapies for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comprise psychostimulants, which block the dopamine transporter and/or stimulate the release of dopamine, leading to a global elevation in extrasynaptic dopamine. These drugs are, however, associated with a series of unwanted side effects such as insomnia, anorexia, headache, stomach problems and potential drug ...
It has been suggested that incentive salience plays a major role in drug abuse and the development of addiction. Additionally, novelty seeking has been identified as a significant risk factor for drug abuse. However, how differences in the readiness to attribute incentive salience relate to novelty seeking and drug abuse vulnerability ...
Use of alcohol and addictive substances by human juveniles and adolescents is common. Animal models offer researchers unique insight into the effects of alcohol and drugs on adolescents. Recent work in rat indicates that periadolescent substance use may disrupt normal pubertal development and may induce stronger effects on system subserving plasticity and cognition than in ...
Adverse life events are associated with a wide range of psychopathology, including an increased risk for substance abuse. In this review, we focus on the inter-relationship between exposure to adversity and brain development, and relate this to enhanced windows of vulnerability. This review encompasses clinical and preclinical data, drawing evidence from ...
