... Accession Number : ADD433631. Title : Development of 500 KV AC Cable Employing Laminar Insulation of Other Conventional Cellulosic Paper,. ...

Characteristics of 87 lines show advances in 30 years since first 287.5 kV was built; pattern now extends to 735 kV ac and 750 kV dc.

This bibliography represents an attempt to draw together an annotated listing of the literature on ac power transmission at 600 kV and above. All pertinent periodical articles, reports and conferences published from 1960 through 1967 have been included in...

A bibliography is presented of 747 abstracts of literature on ac power transmission at 600 kv and above. An author index is included. (LCL)

for the Kayenta 230 KV substation advanced series compensation," AC and DC Power Transmission IEEE Conference

This conference examined the following aspects of 750 to 1500 kV ac power transmission systems and equipment: trends in systems and equipment development; electric field measurements and the consideration of electric fields in EHV and UHV ac system design...

Design of 1000-kV lines is discussed to conclude that although 1000 kV are attainable technically, there is little justification for it in United States; savings from reserve sharing will not justify 1000 kV because 500 kV and 700 kV are adequate for projected load growth; nuclear plants ...

A map is presented which shows the location and ownership of 345 kV, 500 kV, and 765 kV AC and 400 kV DC power systems in the continental USA as of Dec. 31, 1976. (LCL)

A map is presented which shows the location and ownership of 345 kV, 500 kV, and 765 kV AC and 400 kV DC power systems existing in the continental USA as of Dec. 31, 1975. (LCL)

This study evaluated the technical and economic suitability of many of the underground power transmission systems that may be available in the 1990's. The systems considered included cellulose-, polyproplyene-, and gas-insulated cables, oil-filled cables and cryogenic cables for 345 kV to 765 kV ac or dc systems and ...

It can be said that, with respect to reliability, the dc transmission system studied for Churchill Falls offers the same degree of reliability as the 735 kV ac transmission system. All analog studies whether ac or dc assume, of course, that the equipment conforms to certain performance specifications. From the point of view of ...

... This field produces electrical breakdown and a large azimuthal ... the 115 kV oscillator was applied to the pinched ... half-cycle of the main pinch current. ...

The status of ehv construction until 1970 is reviewed. Between 1964 and 1970 there will be 3,230 miles of transmission lines at 500 kV ac and higher constructed.

We have developed the technology of the producing a HTS magnet for the power transformer. Three subjects have been mainly studied, high voltage technologies, large current and low AC loss technologies and sub-cooling system technologies to establish the technology of 66 kV/6.9 kV 10 MV A class HTS power transformer. In order to verify ...

The development, construction, and testing of a test transformer for ultrahigh ac voltages are described. Such transformers - as a three-stage cascade suited for the generation of ac voltages of up to 2400 kV - are indispensable, for instance, the testing...

The results of an investigation to develop a 500 kV ac laminar dielectric power cable and joint having insulation with lower losses than conventional cellulosic paper insulation are presented. Background information is presented on proposed low-loss synth...

Results are presented of an investigation to develop a 500 kV ac laminar dielectric power cable and joint having insulation with lower losses than conventional cellulosic paper insulation. Background information is presented on proposed low-loss synthetic...

Contents: Protection of 400 kV A.C. systems; Protection of extra high voltage transmission lines of rating 420 kV; Digital protection and control of power systems; Bus protection for 400 kV substation; PLC systems for teleprotection; Transmission of telep...

The experimental apparatus consists of a 130 kV dc 80 kV ac intermediate voltage unit and a 600 kV dc 700 kV high voltage unit under construction. The experimental devices consist of an insulated container, or dewar, in which two electrodes are placed, one above the other. A voltage is ...

Consultants from three engineering firms discussed problems associated with the transmission of power at higher and higher voltages. They predicted a rapid increase in application of both ac and dc ehv transmission, radical departures in design of circuit breakers, faster relaying, and development of new insulation materials for better coordination. One consultant suggested ...

The overhead transmission of relatively large amounts of power over long distances--500 to 2,000 MW per circuit over 300 to 900 miles is discussed. Estimated costs and operating characteristics are given and the state of development of equipment for both ac and dc ehv transmission is reviewed. Comparisons are made for 345, 500 and 700 kV ...

The Mead-Phoenix 500 kV ac line is 243 miles long and runs parallel to the existing Mead-Liberty 345 kV line. This line is planned for 70% series and 70% shunt compensation; it also incorporates the first application of a 50 kV phase shifting transformer that enables a 1,300 MW transmission capacity. This paper ...

Technology to manufacture chemically crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cables in the ac voltage range of 138 kV to 345 kV having insulation thicknesses approximately equal to that of oil impregnated paper insulated cables is developed. The development of field molded splices and terminations for high voltage stress 138 ...

Gapless Metal (Zinc) Oxide Surge Arresters for a.c. systems contribute to the insulation co-ordination based on the suppression of lightning surges and switching surges. These gapless metal oxide surge arresters using ZnO elements are effective to HVDC systems. This paper describes basic characteristics of ZnO (zinc oxide) elements for d.c. systems and applications of gapless ...

This report covers the continuation of the work to develop technology to manufacture chemically crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cables in the ac voltage range of 138 kV to 345 kV having insulation thicknesses approximately equal to that of oil impregnated paper insulated cables. It also incorporates the development of field ...

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Database, 2003, http://www.nerc.com/~esd/2003Brochure.pdf" "Notes:" "1 Circuit miles of AC lines 230 kV and above." "2 Data includes both existing and planned transmission lines"...

Database, 2005, http://www.nerc.com/~esd/Brochure.pdf" "Notes:" "1 Circuit miles of AC lines 230 kV and above." "2 Data includes both existing and planned transmission lines"...

This study examined certain characteristics of spark discharges from vehicles energized by an electric field. Vehicles were placed in an electric field produced by a 500-kv transmission line. Spark dischargers were delivered through a resistor to a driven...

A report of a trip arranged for a group of senior Canadian business executives and sponsored by the State Committee for the Coordination of Scientific Research, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is given. Russian plans to construct a 750 kV ac line are briefly mentioned.

Dielectric Streng t h ac-kv/mm (volts/mil). semiconductor. Volume Resistivit y ohm"cm. 102106 dopant dependent. QuadPod Design. Mirror mounting ...

and Demand Database, 2005, http://www.nerc.com/~esd/Brochure.pdf Notes: 1 Circuit miles of AC lines 230 kV and above. 2 Data includes both existing and planned transmission lines...

Very accurate alternating voltage measurement system is described. The system is based on a current comparator bridge and two standard capacitors. These capacitors are connected to input and output of a capacitive driver, and the ratio of currents through...

Contents: A rated voltage of 1,200 kv for A-C power transmission; Finding the optimum parameters for an EHV line; Calculations on transients in long lines; Operational method for calculations on transients in lines with lumped inhomogeneities, using the d...

The design and testing of a cryogenic bushing for the termination of a 138 kV 3-phase superconducting power transmission line are discussed. Three combined voltage and current bushings have been tested. Vacuum leaks and refrigerator capacity have limited ...

In the framework of the 1000 kV system design project, systematic research on acoustic noise produced by corona on bundled conductors for UHV lines has been conducted. Moreover, experimental investigations on the physiological and psychological aspects of...

The characteristics and economics of superconducting power transmission cables are described. At present Austria is the only European country continuing this research. The USSR has an active program and U.S. efforts are concentrated at the Brookhaven Laboratory which is constructing a 100 m long 138 kV test facility.

To cope with the changing demands of power transmission, the UHV Transmission Development and Promotion Committee was created in 1973 within the Central Electric Power Council (consisting of the nine Japanese electric power companies and the Electric Power Development Company). A research and development program on the next-term power transmission level of AC ...

The successful laboratory development of a 765-kV low-loss high-pressure pipe-type transmission cable and splice, employing an oil-impregnated laminate insulation is described. The laminate is PPP (a polypropylene film sandwiched between two layers of cellulose paper) and the impregnating fluid is hydrogenated polybutene oil. Test results on this cable demonstrated excellent ...

The design and testing of ehv disconnect switches for the world's highest voltage ac transmission system has been recently completed. The ehv disconnect switches--rated 735 kV, 2,200 kV BIL 3,000 amp--are for the Quebec Hydro Electric Commission for the Manicouagan/Montreal Transmission System, the first stage of which will be ...

Plans to develop the Nelson River contemplate the installation of 6.7 million kW of generation capacity. Transmission of this power to Manitoba's load centers upwards of 500 miles south will be via 450 kV dc, selected in preference to 500 kV ac, because of its potential contribution to overall system operation and economy.

Telecommunication facilities for control of the Pacific Northwest-Southwest 500 kV ac and 750 kV dc power intertie were planned jointly by the participating utilities. Reliability was a prime consideration. It was decided to install a utility owned microwave system with alternate geographic routing, incorporating existing utility owned ...

The demand for electricity in and around built up areas is leading to the adoption of underground transmission at the highest possible voltages. Cables are already in operation at 275 kV ac and projects for 400 kV cables are in hand. It is also probable that within the next decade high voltage dc cables will be introduced.

Research on power delivery alternatives is reported. The first phase of this work was to develop a model of overhead transmission systems in the range of 362 to 1200 kV ac, and +-400 to +-800 kV dc. Such systems included transmission from generation to lo...

A model of generic overhead transmission systems in the range of 362 to 1200 kV ac, and +-400 to +-800 kV dc is developed. Such generic systems are to include (a) transmission from generation to load, and (b) interconnection of two large integrated system...

This study investigated the effects of geomagnetically-induced currents (GIC) on a new 749 km (466 mile) 500 kV ac transmission line from the vicinities of Winnipeg, Manitoba to Duluth, Minnesota to Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. The period of performan...

The system will reinforce and extend the existing 735 kV system to a point nearly 800 miles from Montreal. Limited operation of new lines is scheduled for 1972.

stray capacitances between the stator and rotor. The shaft voltage produces a current flowing voltage (MV) drives started in the mid 1980's when 4500V gate turn off (GTO) thyristors became. The MV drives cover power ratings from 0.4MW to 40MW at the medium voltage level of 2.3KV to 13.8KV

The results are presented of a program devoted to the selection of electrical and mechanical design criteria and parameters for overhead power transmission lines for ac systems rated at from 345 to 1100 kV and for dc systems rated at from 600 to 1200 kV. Information is included on the environmental effects, i.e., audible noise and ...

The results are presented of a program devoted to the selection of electrical and mechanical design criteria and parameters for overhead power transmission lines for ac systems rated at from 345 to 1100 kV and for dc systems rated at from 600 to 1200 kV. ...

The high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) bipolar research facilities, adapted from existing ac testing facilities at Project UHV, that were constructed to study and to provide future design information for overhead dc transmission lines in the +- 600 to +- 1500-kV range are examined. A description of the new power supply equipment and a study of the ...

Enhancement of the overall system dynamic performance of an existing ac/dc scheme is possible by minor modifications in the NVDC controls. The paper presents some control modifications for the Chateauguay HVDC back-to-back 1000 MW scheme with interconnections to the Beauharnois generators and to the 765 kV intertie to NYPA. These modifications lead to a ...

The 260 mile long dc transmission link between the 230 kV Sardinian ac grid and the 225 kV Italian ac grid has successfully transmitted 200 MW between the terminal stations and is reported operative. Proving tests on the dc system began in December and will continue until full demand is made on it from the Italian ...

The results of the work performed at EPRI's Project UHV from October 1976 to December 1977 are presented. During this period, a 3-phase ac test line with different bundles and line configurations was energized to obtain design data on audible noise, radio noise, corona loss, and television interference for line voltages between 1000 and 1500 kV. ...

This report discusses the postulated loss of 115 kV power. Continuous electrical power to Savannah River Plant reactors is necessary to maintain water flow for heat removal and essential monitoring and control. Should power supplied to the plant 115 kV system from offsite be lost, on-site generation is sufficient to maintain all reactors in a safe shutdown ...

The electrical performance of thirty-six composite insulators - of four commercial types for each AC system level of 34.5 kV, 230 kV and 500 kV - has been determined at the CEGB insulator testing station, Brighton, England. The weathershed materials were epoxy-resin, ethylene propylene rubber and silicone rubber; ...

A perfluorocarbon (PFC) immersed 275kV transformer with compressed SF6 gas insulation has been under development. This paper clarified the AC partial discharge inception voltage and time characteristics of PFC immersed insulation and also clarified that a prototype 275kV 100MVA three phase transformer could be worked without any ...

A semiautomatic ac/dc difference calibration system is described. The system operates over a frequency range of 20 Hz to 100 kHz, covering the voltage range from 0.5 V to 1 kV. For all voltages at frequencies in the range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, the total u...

The following topics were discussed from the papers: 750 to 1500 kV ac transmission, electric field, overvoltage and lightning protection, air gaps and overhead line insulation, overhead line design, ice and wind loads, and conductors. (DLC)

The following topics were discussed from the papers: 750 to 1500 kV ac transmission, electric field, overvoltage and lightning protection, air gaps and overhead line insulation, overhead line design, ice and wind loads, and conductors. (ERA citation 11:01...

Results are presented of investigations on the determination of ac/dc resistance ratios of high and extra high voltage pipe-type cables with large cross-section segmental conductors. The measurements included 115, 345 and 765 kV cables with copper and alu...

A metal-oxide surge arrester for gas-insulated systems is contained in SF6 gas in an aluminum enclosure which is designed to connect directly to a port in a gas-insulated substation. A technique was developed for soldering metal oxide varistor (MOV) blocks together for strength and simplicity in assembly. Three 362kV prototype arresters were assembled, each using three ...

Economic considerations of long distance extra high voltage ac and dc transmission are discussed. Voltages above 500 kV ac are briefly considered. The conclusion reached is that the design layouts performed with due consideration of the progress to be expected in the development of high voltage engineering show the application of dc to ...

A method is developed for calculating the induced voltages on fence wires/pipelines underneath AC power transmission lines. The method is based on the charge simulation technique and takes into account the disturbances of the electric field and potential due to the presence of the fence wire/pipeline underneath the line. The calculated values of the induced voltage on fence ...

We have developed AC barrier low-frequency plasma source using AC (15kV, 60Hz) sources. Barrier material, such as rubber stabilizing the discharge plasma, is inserted between the electrodes. Large volume corona discharge was carried out at atmospheric pressure. Properties of AC barrier discharge will be presented. ...

Cryo-resistive cable system was tested to demonstrate dielectric characteristics. Dielectric characteristics of 66kV cryo-resistive cable at the start of immersion cooling in the liquid nitrogen were 2.25 specific dielectric constant and 0.18 percent dielectric loss which was less than 0.4 percent , the aimed value. Electrostatic capacity and dielectric loss tangent of ...

Results are presented of an investigation to develop a 500 kV ac laminar dielectric power cable and joint having insulation with lower losses than conventional cellulosic paper insulation. Background information is presented on proposed low-loss synthetic and composite synthetic/cellulosic paper insulations and experiments covering a period of 20 years. ...

Another milestone in the development of the historic Pacific NW-SW Intertie was reached late in July when contracts were signed governing the delivery of energy. The contracts place into effect agreements reached in 1964, on which were based the decision to construct the intertie. The intertie package is composed of four major EHV lines, two 500 kV ac ...

A brief discussion of CEGB's plans to reinforce London's power supplies with a 640-MW +- 266-kV, 51 mile dc underground cable is presented. The dc cable will tie the 2000-MW Kingsnorth plant with the City's 275- and 132-kV ac outer ring. Details of the route and power station locations are given, and a map ...

Project UHV is an attempt to study the possibility of higher than 600-kV dc transmission as an alternative or a complement to uhv ac transmission. The Lenox, Massachusetts facility will be used to study the near-field effects of dc testing at voltage levels up to about 750-kV bipolar and 1500-kV monopolar. The site ...

A termination for 77kV-class high Tc superconducting power cables was designed and fabricated. The termination is insulated with SF6 gas, nitrogen gas and liquid nitrogen and is cooled with liquid nitrogen. The current lead has a cross sectional area altered along its axis in order to decrease the heat inlet and to prevent SF6 gas from liquefying. The current lead is insulated with ...

The results of an investigation to develop a 500 kV ac laminar dielectric power cable and joint having insulation with lower losses than conventional cellulosic paper insulation are presented. Background information is presented on proposed low loss synthetic and composite synthetic/cellulosic paper insulations. From these studies, fibrous polypropylene ...

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables are expected to be next generation transmission line because of the compact, lightweight, large capacity, and low loss features. Especially, since the YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) tape has a high critical current, high magnetic-field property, low AC loss, and low cost, using YBCO tapes for a HTS cable seems to be one of the most promising ...

The power frequency withstand voltage tests are specified on electric power equipment in JEC-0102 by evaluating the lifetime reliability with a Weibull distribution function. It may be applied on 66-154kV transformer for non-effectively grounded voltage class. The present paper describes the results that measured AC insulation characteristics (Voltage-time ...

A description is given of the expanded facilities at Project UHV for the study of UHV ac transmission up to 1500 kV. These include a three-phase test line for full scale tests on a large variety of line configurations, three single phase transformers for 1500 kV line-to-line, much associated electrical and mechanical equipment, and ...

We developed a 6.6-kV 1-MVA transformerless converter making use of a snubberless insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) 8-series connection using an Active-Gate-Control. The Active-Gate-Control can balance the collector voltage of IGBTs connected in series enabling the IGBT series connection. It allows the converter to output a high enough AC voltage to ...

This paper describes Bonneville Power Administration's first 500-kV back-to-back shunt capacitor installation. The primary purpose of the capacitor banks is to support AC system voltage for transient stability following an outage of the HVDC Intertie line between Oregon and Southern California. Design studies and equipment requirements are ...

This paper reports that the authors have developed and tested a 6.6 kV/1.5 kA-class fault current limiter wound with a 42-strand AC superconducting wire having ultra-fine MbTi filaments in a high resistivity matrix. In experiments, voltages up to 7.2 kV were applied to the limiter with phase angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees. The limiter ...

Results are presented of the work performed at EPRI's Project UHV from January 1974 to December 1976. During this period, a three-phase ac test line with line voltages up to 1500 kV was constructed and operated. The feasibility of UHV transmission has been demonstrated and the most important problems impacting on cost and performance have been ...

In 1958, the first 380-kV overhead lines were energized in France, and the first 380-kV cable sections were connected to the system of the Roselend hydroelectric Plant. It is difficult to state what the next voltage step will be and what adaptations will have to be made. The aim of the present study was to indicate some general ideas concerning the choice ...

This report provides background information about (1) the electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) of high-voltage transmission lines at typical voltages and line configurations and (2) typical transmission line costs to assist on alternatives in environmental documents. EMF strengths at 0 {+-} 200 ft from centerline were calculated for ac overhead lines, and for 345 and ...

N2 plasma jet was generated from a nozzle using an AC discharge at about 15 kV. The emission spectra were obtained by using the concentration modulation spectroscopic technique. The dependence of spectral signal on the discharge current was discussed. It was found that the vibrational temperature decreased first and then increased downstream from the ...

We study the correlation between the superparamagnetic blocking temperature TB and the peak positions Tp observed in ac magnetization measurements for nanoparticles of different classes of magnetic materials. In general, Tp = ?+?TB. The parameters ? and ? are different for the in-phase (?') and out-of-phase (?'') components and depend on the width ?V of the log-normal volume ...

The AC filters of an HVDC converter station usually require a large installation space and are sensitive to seismic activity due to using an air-insulation platform. As a solution to these problems, the authors have developed compact filters in which all energized parts are enclosed. As a result, the installation space is one-third of the platform type and seismic performance ...

The ac-dc pulse power conversion equipment for the Joint European Torus is described; the 1-GW pulse power rating of the conversion equipment is made possible by a flywheel-motor-generator set for the poloidal field load. A power of 500 MW is supplied by a 400-kV interconnected network of large generating capacity. The step-down and rectifier transformers ...

... A Generarlton of the KV Equilibrium For An ... A Generalization of the KV Equilibrium for an Intense, Relativistic Beam Propagating in a Solenoid ...

A semiautomatic ac/dc difference calibration system is described. The system operates overa frequency range of 20 Hz to 100 kHz, covering the voltage range from 0.5 V to 1 kV. For all voltages at frequencies in the range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, the total uncertainty is 50 parts per million (ppm), and 100 ppm for voltages at frequencies between 20 kHz and 100 ...

This paper describes a method of effectively electroporating mammalian cell membranes with pulsed alternating-current (ac) electric fields at field strengths of 30-160 kV m(-1). Although many in vivo electroporation protocols entail applying square wave or monotonically decreasing pulses via needles or electrode plates, relatively few have explored the use ...

This paper describes a method of effectively electroporating mammalian cell membranes with pulsed alternating-current (ac) electric fields at field strengths of 30-160 kV m?1. Although many in vivo electroporation protocols entail applying square wave or monotonically decreasing pulses via needles or electrode plates, relatively few have explored the use ...

High voltage dc power transmission is technically and economically competitive today with extra high voltage ac. In the future, with semiconducting devices developed to the point where they can be substituted for mercury arc valves hvdc may offer even greater advantages. Recent advances in semiconductor technology have led to commercially applicable power thyristors and diodes ...

This solicitation is for the U.S. Department of Energy under Prime Contract No. DE-AC04-88-DP43495 with EG&G Mound Applied Technologies. Ohio Sales or Use taxes are not to be included in the proposal price. Applicable taxes due or owing to the State of Oh...

The effect or rectifiers in series with the magnets is be excited with a- c power and rectifier will provide the d-c power for half-bias operation. The rectifier ning of the acceleration cycle, independent of small fluctuations in the a-c power supply. The peak voltage across the rectifiers is found to be 1.5 kv pre magnet sector. (auth)

Project EHV, located in towns of Lenox and Lee, Mass., contains 18 transmission towers involving a variety of materials and design techniques. The project involves design, construction, and operation of a complete prototype ac extra hv transmission line to be operated at 750 kV; various structures, materials, and design techniques involved and unusual ...

On site high voltage tests of SF6 gas insulated substations (GIS) form part of the quality assurance procedure for GIS. Experience on testing several hundreds of GIS on site is reported: AC voltages were used mainly for system voltages up to 170 kV, and s...

The comparative analysis of ac and dc for application to the Nelson River was carried out under three basic headings with stress as to the results being assigned in the order listed, e.g., reliability, economics, and flexibility. The analysis conducted established that hvdc is admirably suited to the particular requirements of the Nelson River and for introduction to the ...

The sensor is not sensitive to the solar-wind stream beyond an angle of attack of +/- 60deg. ... Both DC and AC collector currents are detected. ... kV +/- 40 V Collector impedance 10 M Ohms (with 20 pF) collector-ground stray capacity ...

Modifying an ac device for dc use is an economical way to create the circuit breakers needed for high-voltage dc lines. Preliminary work has achieved a puffer design that can interrupt 2200 amperes at 500 kV. The plan now is to develop a full-scale prototype for field tests and eventual utility use.

In a field trial on the West Coast high-voltage dc intertie, a circuit breaker designed much like an ac puffer breaker commutated currents of up to 1200 A. With minor modifications, devices based on this design should be able to handle 2200 A at 500 kV, thus increasing utility flexibility in operating dc systems.

In Japan we started a national project to develop a 66/6.9 kV-20 MVA transformer with REBCO superconducting tapes in 2006. This paper gives an overview of progress of the development of superconducting transformers in Japan and also describes the fundamental technologies studied before now to realize a 66/6.9 kV-20 MVA transformer as follows. To reduce the ...

Determining �ow type, shear rate and shear stress in magmas from bubble shapes and orientations A.C. Rust a;� , Michael Manga b , K.V. Cashman a a Department of Geological Sciences, 1272 University, and assess flow type (simple vs. pure shear). This technique can be used to determine shear rates in volcanic

The design philosophy and the operating behavior of a 5.5 kA, +-2.5 kV converter, being the electrical interface between a high voltage transmission system and a 30 MJ superconducting coil, are documented in this paper. Converter short circuit tests, load tests under various control conditions, dc breaker tests for magnet current interruption, and converter failure modes are ...

Facilities developed for the electrical and mechanical testing of equipment for EHV AC, EHV DC, and UHV transmission systems and the tests performed in the facilities are described. Hardware for 1200 kV systems have been tested to and in the design of prototype UHV power transmission lines. (LCL)

Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the dc flashover characteristics of rod gaps, line to tower air gaps, and suspension insulator assemblies. Direct current flashover for test voltages to 725 kV has been shown to be a linear function of specimen length for either polarity or for either wet or dry test conditions. Comparative data are presented for dc, ...

This report describes the first HVDC circuit breaker to be tested on a full-scale utility system. Modular in construction to ensure economic feasibility, this breaker has a standard ac air-blast breaker as its main component and interrupts current up to 2200-A dc.

Modern bulk power systems require that several thousand megawatts be transmitted on single rights-of-way. The historic approach to accomplishing this level of synchronous transfer has been extra-high-voltage AC, i.e., voltages greater than 230 kV and less...

This paper describes the new cable testing facility at IREQ for long-term accelerated aging tests on HV cables. This test facility was required as part of an extensive program to evaluate the high-voltage cables for the river crossing of Hydro-Quebec's new transmission lines rated 800 kV AC and {plus minus}500 kV DC. The first ...

A fault current limiter (FCL) is extensively expected to suppress fault current, particularly required for trunk power systems heavily connected high-voltage transmission lines, such as 500kV class power system which constitutes the nucleus of the electric power system. By installing such FCL in the power system, the system interconnection is possible without the need to raise ...

Cultures of neonatal and adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are commonly used in in vitro models to study the ion channels and signaling events associated with peripheral sensation under various conditions. Differential responsiveness between neonatal and adult DRG neurons to physiological or pathological stimuli suggests potential differences in their gene expression profiles. We performed ...

The operation of a novel current controller, which can also function as a fault current limiter and as a solid-state ac circuit breaker, is presented. The controller, which consists of a thyristor bridge, an inductor, and an optional bias power supply, is installed in series with the voltage source and the load, For load current values smaller than a preset value, the inductor ...

HTS cable demonstration project supported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) has started since FY 2007 in Japan. The target of this project is to operate a 66 kV, 200 MVA HTS cable in the live network of Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) in order to demonstrate its reliability and stable ...

The electrical systems of the Central American countries are linked by 230 kV ac weak border interconnections forming two separated subsystems. The first one includes Guatemala and El Salvador, and the other one comprises the systems of Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. As a consequence, unrestricted energy exchanges among all countries are not ...

The authors have been investigating a 6.6kV superconducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) for use in power distribution systems. For practical application, heat load at 4.2 K must be reduced to a level which can be compensated by a small refrigerator. This paper describes AC loss reduction of a SCFCL coil, which is comprised of a conductor and junctions. ...

A 60 kV, 10 A DC power supply is used for testing of high power RF and microwave tubes e.g. Klystron, Gyrotron. Two 500 kW, 3.7 GHz klystrons, and one 82.6 GHz Gyrotron are located in SST1 Hall where as 200 kW; 28 GHz Gyrotron is located in Aditya Hall. The same power supply is required to operate, control and monitor various systems at different locations with easy change ...

A 5 kA{sub rms}/50kV HTSC hybrid AC current lead is developed within a BRITE/EURAM cooperation between Alcatel Alsthom, Hoechst and Siemens. For the optimization of the conductor geometry computer codes have been realized. For the evaluation of AC losses in the superconducting melt cast processed Bi-2212 part, the Bean model has not ...

Deblock of AC-DC interconnected system with externally commutated converters generally adopts soft start which makes trigger delay angle about 90 degrees and starts DC voltage from about 0kV. High DC voltage, however, is possibly caused by relation between the deblock signal and AC voltage phase at the commutation start of converter, ...

Electroporation is a long-established technique used to deliver molecules to cells. Most in vivo electroporation protocols entail applying square-wave, or monotonically-decreasing pulses but relatively few have explored the use of pulsed ac fields. This study measures the efficiency of electroporation in human kidney embryonal cells, using pulsed ac ...

In order to research the AC loss characteristics of a multi-layered conductor and a shield in a high temperature superconductor (HTS) cable, we prepared two short cable samples, which are the same as the 22.9 kV/50 MVA HTS-cable installed at Gochang test yard of Korea Electric Power Corporation, and attached voltage-leads to both the conductor and the ...

The Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory includes a Sustaining Neutral Beam Power Supply System (SNBPSS) consisting of 24 power-supply sets. The System will operate in long pulses (initially .5 seconds and eventually 30 seconds) at high power (200 MW), which will necessitate a large source of ac power. To meet ...

The major issues examined in the comparison of the DIST and HNEC transmission concepts are: (1) type of transmission to be employed and an assessment of its technical feasibility, (2) availability of rights-of-way, (3) economics, (4) environmental impact, and (5) overall reliability of the transmission system. The type of transmission selected for bulk power transfer from an HNEC for ...

Oil-filled cables are providing transmission capacity where undergrounding is called for on the CEGB 275 and 400 kV system; but this well-developed design has disadvantages at these voltages which are likely to become overwhelming if a higher ac transmission voltage becomes necessary as the system expands. The CEGB's Central Electricity Research ...

Two dc lines being built as part of the Pacific Intertie will have capacities much greater than any previous dc line, and each will be over 800 miles long, far longer than any ac or dc circuit now existing. Much of the design criteria had to be based on test information, a good part of which was collected at the BPA dc Test Center. Construction is underway on BPA's ...

From experience in the operation of extra high voltage ac transmission lines it follows that prolonged presence of personnel at work sites near high voltage equipment and under bus bars at substations, as well as under overhead line conductors, involves unfavorable biological effects of the high voltage electrical field on the human body. At 500 and 750 kV ...

This study investigated the effects of geomagnetically-induced currents (GIC) on a new 749 km (466 mile) 500 kV ac transmission line from the vicinities of Winnipeg, Manitoba to Duluth, Minnesota to Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. The period of performance was from July 15, 1977 through June 15, 1980, and involved a study of the effects on the operation ...

Researches and developments on a superconducting fault current limiting (SFCL) system have been done for several decades. The SFCL system, which is using a high temperature superconducting (HTS) conductor such as Bi-2212 bulk and YBCO film, has recently become technically available. In this work, we are developing a 22.9 kV/25 MVA SFCL system for a power distribution network. ...

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is collaborating with Waukesha Electric Systems (WES) to continue development of HTS power transformers. For compatibility with the existing power grid, a commercially viable HTS transformer will have to operate at high voltages in the range of 138 kV and above, and will have to withstand 550-kV impulse voltages as ...

Structural and compositional studies of nanomaterials of technological importance have been carried out using advanced electron microscopy methods, including aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM), AC-high angle annular dark field scanning TEM (AC-HAADF-STEM), AC-energy filtered TEM, ...

The Public Service Company of New Mexico proposes to construct and operate a 500 kV alternating current (AC) transmission line in the northwestern portion of New Mexico. The proposed line will extend from the Four Corners Power Plant to Ambrosia Station to a proposed Pajarito Station west of Albuquerque, NM. The proposed line will be approximately 173 ...

The Public Service Company of New Mexico proposes to construct and operate a 500 kV alternating current (ac) transmission line in the northwestern portion of New Mexico. The proposed line will extend from the Four Corners Power Plant to Ambrosia Station to a proposed Pajarito Station west of Albuquerque, NM. The proposed line will be approximately 173 ...

The new Japanese national project of development of 66 kV/5 kA high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables has been started since 2008. In an AC power system, a fault current may flow in the event of a short circuit accident. The maximum fault current condition is defined to be 31.5 kArms for duration of 2 s for 66 kV class ...

Deposition of composite films of Ni and Gd-doped ceria was carried out using the electrostatic assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method for the first time. The composite films were highly homogeneous, as revealed by element mapping via energy-dispersive spectrometry. Scanning electron microscope examinations revealed that deposition temperature and electric field strength had profound influence ...

The principal effort in the dielectric program during this reporting period, March 1 to June 20, has been to install the 700 kV series resonant- transformer so that high voltage ac testing can be accomplished during the coming year. Provisions were made that this unit will share a test stand with the Haefely 600 kV dc power ...

In this dissertation, two major accomplishments are achieved. First, the feasibility of a proposed Wyoming to California HVDC system having the ratings of 1000 MW, �500 kV, 2 kA, 860 miles and 12-pulse bipolar lines is shown for exporting Wyoming's electrical power resources to the heavy loaded western states. The second and the main objective of this dissertation is the ...

The LANL DC load flow model of the VEPCO transmission network shows 210 more substations than the AC load flow model produced by MZA utility Consultants. MZA was requested to determine the source of the difference. The AC load flow model used for this study utilizes 2 standard network algorithms (Decoupled or Newton). The solution time of each is affected ...

The power system of Hydro-Quebec has a peak load of approximately 27 GW. The great distance between the production sites and the load centers introduces stability limitations, which is the reason why the Quebec grid cannot be economically synchronized (through ac transmission with limited capacity) with the U.S. northeastern network. Power exports are therefore dependent on ...

A high temperature superconducting (HTSC) cable is expected to transport large electric power with a compact size because of its high critical current density. We have been developing a 3-core 66 kV class HTSC cable, which is applied to the ?150 mm duct, and is composed of a conductor and a shield wound with Ag-Mn sheathed Bi-2223 tapes, electrical insulation with ...

Electrical treeing (ET) is a stepwise dielectric breakdown process in which partial discharges in a dielectric material generate a branched hollow network of tubules between the electrode and the ground. Overtime, exposure of dielectric materials to global electric fields which are lower than the dielectric strength results in electrical trees (ETs). This dielectric breakdown is exploited to ...

Pulse transformer conceptual design and system studies were conducted at the Westinghouse Science and Technology Center for the Sandia National Laboratories' Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power (RHEPP) System. The RHEPP system relies on magnetic switches to achieve pulse compression from 120 Hz ac to microsecond pulses. A 600 kW, 120 Hz Westinghouse alternator ...

Insulator contamination is the decisive factor in making insulation design of most transmission lines in Japan. The performance of contaminated insulators against a short-time ac overvoltage in the order of several cycles is described, taking into consideration comparatively higher overvoltage due to the one-phase-to-ground fault of recent long-distance bulk power transmission ...

The audible noise produced by corona discharge from AC overhead transmission line conductors is one of the major factors affecting the design of conductors, particularly for transmission lines with voltages above 500 kV. The audible noise has two components, which are random noise with frequency components from several hundreds to 20 kHz and pure tones ...

Important key technologies of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer may include the HTS wire technology, cooling, AC loss reduction, large current technology, and cryogenic temperature insulation. Among them, the cryogenic temperature insulation technology will be specifically a core technology for ensuring reliability for the smaller size, stability, economic ...

A description was given of the construction and test results of a 100 kv ac three-phase generator with superconducting exciting winding. The exciting winding consists of two solenoids separated by 180 mm. The internal diameter of the solenoids is 200 mm and the external diameter is 480 mm. The maximum magnetic field in the center of the system ...

A new Japanese national project, called M-PACC, to develop high temperature superconducting electric power devices started in June last year (FY2008�FY2012). This project aims to develop three different types of electric power devices that are expected to provide stable power supplies with large capacity and small size by using YBCO coated conductors. The first program is the development of a 2 ...

Following the positive results of a 1.5-m long prototype cable, the Ultera and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) team built and tested a 5-m triaxial cable rated at 1.3-kA rms, 15-kV ac. The three concentric superconducting phases are made of BSCCO-2223 high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, separated by layers of cold-dielectric tapes. A copper ...

During 1972 to 1974, 112 Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic piglets were recieved from different parts of the Province of Quebec, Canada. Fifty-six strains elicited a positive gut loop response in three week old piglets and were then considered as Moon's class 1 enteropathogens, while four of the 56 remaining strains reacted only in ten day old piglets and were classified as class 2 ...

Pacific Northwest-Southwest intertie, now under construction, is the largest single electrical transmission development ever undertaken in the US, and the largest high voltage direct current system yet conceived. It carries with it new concepts in transmission cable. The basic advantage of dc for high voltage power transmission lies in the fact that two conductors, or only one, are required for a ...

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The electrical characteristics of surface discharge in air and the intensity of charged species formation in this discharge at high temperatures have been studied experimentally. Current pulses of microdischarges from the edges of a multistripe electrode placed on the surface of a ceramic plate (dielectric barrier) were measured for a.c. voltage with a frequency of 14 kHz and ...

The 138 kV Forced Cooling Test Facility at Waltz Mill is described in detail. Design information for system components as well as operational and maintenance procedures are given. Of significant interest is the design and construction of the cable itself which represents a major stride forward in the ability to instrument high voltage cables. Results of preliminary testing ...

This paper introduces a decentralized control scheme for the parallel connection of multiple rectifiers feeding a dc network with numerous inverters. The coordination of multiple HV dc systems without explicit communication is accomplished by the use of dc-side voltages as a droop mechanism. The dc side voltage serves the role of frequency in an ordinary ac system. The ...

The effect that the gas content and plasma power of atmospheric, nonthermal plasma has on the invasion activity in colorectal cancer cells has been studied. Helium and helium plus oxygen plasmas were induced through a nozzle and operated with an ac power of less than 10 kV which exhibited a length of 2.5 cm and a diameter of 3�4 mm in ambient air. ...

This paper describes the circuit and component selections, development and equivalent circuit test results on an HVDC circuit breaker for an HVDC transmission line. A puffer type SF/sub 6/ gas interrupter for AC circuit breakers is utilized for interrupting DC current with injection of high-frequency inverse current from a commutating capacitor precharged to HVDC line voltage. ...

An HTS cable demonstration project has started in 2007. The cable has 66kV/200MVA capacity and 200-300m length. It will be installed and operated at Asahi sub-station in Yokohama in 2011. Bismuth-based HTS wires with twisted superconducting filaments are used for the cable to reduce the AC loss. In 2009, a 30m cable system has been constructed and tested ...

A conceptual design has been developed for a superconducting energy storage coil and a dc-ac-dc three phase converter which match the voltage and current requirements of the equilibrium field (EF) coil in a commercial tokamak reactor. The system can generate 13 kV, 26 kA peak, 15 kA rms for 15 sec to charge or discharge the EF coil. A hypothetical example ...

In this letter, a room temperature atmospheric pressure plasma jet device is reported. The high voltage electrode of the device is covered by a quartz tube with one end closed. The device, which is driven by a kilohertz ac power supply, is capable of generating a plasma plume up to 11 cm long in the surrounding room air. The rotational and vibrational temperatures of the ...

In this letter, a room temperature atmospheric pressure plasma jet device is reported. The high voltage electrode of the device is covered by a quartz tube with one end closed. The device, which is driven by a kilohertz ac power supply, is capable of generating a plasma plume up to 11 cm long in the surrounding room air. The rotational and vibrational temperatures of the ...

A new concept in out-of-shape protective relaying that has several advantages over conventional out-of-step relaying is developed. The technique involves augmenting apparent impedance or apparent resistance based control with computed rate of change of apparent impedance or resistance. By use of appropriate control laws plus adaptive features, a relay which can be set closer to stability limits is ...

High temperature superconducting cable demonstration project supported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization has started since FY 2007 in Japan. Target of this project is to operate a 66 kV, 200 MVA HTS cable in a live grid in order to demonstrate its reliability and stable operation. A demonstration site ...

A phase-free accelerating stage for charged particles has been constructed which makes use of electric ac-fields in a triangular shaped electrode system combined with ac-deflecting devices in the MHz-range. An elaborate calculation of the energy gain based on a time dependent Hamiltonian and a simplified calculation assuming perfect shielding ...

Modern bulk power systems require that several thousand megawatts be transmitted on single rights-of-way. The historic approach to accomplishing this level of synchronous transfer has been extra-high-voltage AC, i.e., voltages greater than 230 kV and less than 1000 kV. While extra-high-voltage 3-phase AC has proven ...

Major issues of neutral beam (NB) injector power supplies are high-speed switching, regulation and transmission of dc ultra-high voltage (UHV) and suppression of surge energy input to the beam source at high voltage breakdown. A gate turn-off thyristor inverter type power supply where the control is performed on the low voltage ac side was designed for the ITER NB. Based on ...