The RHIC vertical ac dipole was installed in the summer of 2001. The magnet is located in the interaction region between sector 3 and sector 4 common to both beams. The resonant frequency of the ac dipole was first configured to be around half of the beam revolution frequency to act as a spin flipper. At the end of the RHIC 2002 run, the ...
Energy Citations Database
... Technical Report #20 Linear and Nonlinear Spectroscopy With the Tunable AC Scanning Tunneling Microwoe by ... W0 oC ac W01 ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Jun 14, 1995 ... Console Row AC. Positions AC1, AC1.5 -- Safety Console Coordinator (call sign SCC). Stationed at position AC1, the Safety official is ...
NASA Website
High energy hadron collider operation requires accurate measurements of the beta functions and phase advances, to check the linear optics and to locate gradient errors. During the RHIC 2003 run, two AC dipoles with vertical and horizontal magnetic field [1] were used to measure the linear optics at storage and at injection energies. ...
DOE Information Bridge
Under the influence of an ac electric field, electrolytes on planar microelectrodes exhibit fluid flow. The nonuniform electric field generated by the electrodes interacts with the suspending fluid through a number of mechanisms, giving rise to body forces and fluid flow. This paper presents the detailed experimental measurements of the velocity of fluid flow on ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Amacrine cells (ACs) are third-order interneurons in the retina that mediate antagonistic surround inputs to retinal ganglion cells and motion-related signals in the inner retina. Previous studies have revealed that rod-to-AC signals in dark-adapted retina are mediated by a nonlinear high-gain synaptic pathway. In this study, we investigated how cone ...
PubMed
... Accession Number : AD0678960. Title : ON SETS OF POSITIVE LINEAR OPERATORS IN TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR SPACES. ...
frequency power converter, piezo ac- tuators, pulse width modulation (PWM), voltage source inverters (VSI into mechanical energy through linear motion. However, piezo ceramics is sensitive to positive tension. Thus consists of eight metallic blocks connected with eight piezo-ceramic multilayer stacks with alternating
E-print Network
The AC magnetic susceptibilities ?AC of a Bi2223 sintered sample were measured by the Hartshorn bridge method. The linear AC?'0 showed the two-steps behavior at TC1 and TC2, where TC1 > TC2. The ?'0-data between TC1 and TC2 has no HAC-dependence and agreed well with those of powder specimen, and they can be ...
In addition to 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), acetylcodeine (AC) has been suggested as a marker for the use of illicit heroin. We report a sensitive opiate gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay that detects AC, diacetylmorphine, and the propionylated derivatives of codeine, morphine, 6-MAM, and norcodeine. The analytes were extracted by solid phase ...
... and a pair of positive and negative switching DC/DC converter sections connected to said AC/DC converter section and receiving a pair of positive ...
as the ac voltage was increased, but it increased linearly with ... of quenching was found to be independent of ac frequency from 0.2 kHz to 1 kHz. Spec- ...
This paper compares the current density (J) versus applied bias (V) of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of three different ethynylthiophenol-functionalized anthracene derivatives of approximately the same thickness with linear-conjugation (AC), cross-conjugation (AQ), and broken-conjugation (AH) using liquid eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) supporting a native skin ...
All eight Finals Analysis Centers (ACs) of the International GNSS Service (IGS), plus three allied groups, for a total of eleven contributing ACs, are using the latest models and methodology to reanalyze the history of Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected since 1994 by a global network of tracking stations. The solutions from ...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) 800 MeV proton linear accelerator (linac) operates at a maximum repetition rate of twice the AC power line frequency, i.e. 120 Hz. The start of each machine cycle occurs a fixed delay after each zero-crossing of the AC line voltage. Fluctuations in the AC line ...
... the techniques being developed or investigated are NDT methods which include electrochemical (linear polarization, ac impedance, and small ...
... (15] TG Rogers and AC Pipkin, Asymmetric relaxation and compliance matrices in linear viscoelasticity, Rept. No. 63, Contract Nonr 562(10), Brown ...
... Proceedings of Symposium on Non-Linear Optics, ACS Meeting, Held in Boston, Massachusetts 1990. Descriptive Note : Technical rept. ...
By LP duality, there is an E ? E with cEA?1. E. AC �xC ? cC �xC. Noting ... vE(d ? ?d?E) = vE(AC �xC ? ?AC �xC?E) = cEA?1. E. (AC �xC ? ?AC �xC?E). ...
At relatively high currents, fused anion-cation membranes give rise to rectifying and reactive effects. The rectification becomes less pronounced with increasing frequency. This effect results from changes in the concentration profiles of the ions during the positive and negative phases of the AC cycle. With reduction of the current, the voltage-current ...
PubMed Central
In this activity, you will investigate linear functions with positive slopes. You will try to guess the slope and intercept from numerical inputs and outputs.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
... Descriptors : *Magnetic anomaly detection, *Equations, *Approximation( Mathematics), *Target position indicators, Target detection, Linearity ...
This activity allows the user to explore simple linear functions; the function is determined by looking for patterns in the outputs.
The Advanced Photon Source, at Argonne National Laboratory will produce the world`s brightest x-ray beams when it is complete. A number of correction magnets are used to maintain proper beam position. Basically, two different types of bipolar power supplies are used for all the correction magnets: one requires dc correction only, and the other requires dc and ...
... Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD), AC induction motors, AC synchronous motors, centrifugal pumps, and positive displacement pumps were ...
SUMMARY: HTHquery is a web-based service to determine if a protein structure has a helix-turn-helix structural motif which could bind to DNA. It is based on a similarity with a set of structural templates, the accessibility of a putative structural motif and a positive electrostatic potential in the neighbourhood of the putative motif. A set of scores are computed, based on ...
The Analysis Centers (ACs) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) are reanalyzing the history of global network GPS data collected since 1994 in a consistent way using the latest models and methodology. This is the first reprocessing by the IGS, but it is expected to be repeated in the future as further analysis and reference frame changes occur. All eight final-product ...
, , {hjshin, btzhang}@scai.snu.ac.kr, ytkim@comp.snu.ac.kr Feature Selection with Non-linear PCA and Science, Seoul National University . . DF(Document Frequency) , DF (PCA) . (nonlinear PCA) locally linear PCA kernel PCA . 1. (category) . (regression model), (Naive Bayesian probabilistic model, NB
Relative vitamin E status of pigs fed natural or synthetic vitamin E was evaluated based on serum and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Individually fed finishing gilts at a BW of 70.5 kg (n = 24) were allotted to dietary treatments based on initial BW. The 5 dietary treatments consisted of a positive control diet using synthetic vitamin E acetate (Syn E ...
The effect of the doping of rare earth Gd(3+) ions replacing Nd(3+) in Nd(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) is investigated in detail. Measurements of resistivity, magnetoresistance, magnetization, and linear and nonlinear ac magnetic susceptibility on chemically synthesized (Nd(0.7-x)Gd(x))Sr(0.3)MnO(3) show various interesting features with doping level x�=�0.3. A ...
The effect of the doping of rare earth Gd3+ ions replacing Nd3+ in Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3 is investigated in detail. Measurements of resistivity, magnetoresistance, magnetization, and linear and nonlinear ac magnetic susceptibility on chemically synthesized (Nd0.7?xGdx)Sr0.3MnO3 show various interesting features with doping level x = 0.3. A comparative study has ...
The purpose of this study was to quantify the influence of outside field of view (FOV) activity concentration (Ac,out) on the noise equivalent count rate (NECR), scatter fraction (SF) and image quality of a 3D LSO whole-body PET/CT scanner. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was the figure of merit used to characterize the image quality of PET scans. A modified International ...
A parameterization of linear coupling in action-angle coordinates is convenient for analytical calculations and interpretation of turn-by-turn (TBT) beam position monitor (BPM) data. We demonstrate how to use this parameterization to extract the twiss and coupling parameters in interaction regions (IRs), using BPMs on each side of the long IR drift region. ...
Finite difference method for symmetric positive linear differential equations, discussing methods to
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The AC impedance spectra of thin polypyrrole films were obtained at open circuit potentials from -0.4 to 0.4 V vs SCE. Two limiting cases are discussed for which simplified equivalent circuits are applicable. At very positive potentials, the predominantly nonfaradaic AC impedance of polypyrrole is very similar to that observed ...
There are three goals in the accurate nonlinear diagnosis of a storage ring. First, the beam must be moved to amplitudes many times the natural beam size. Second, strong and long lasting signals must be generated. Third, the measurement technique should be non-destructive. Conventionally, a single turn kick moves the beam to large amplitudes, and turn-by-turn data are recorded from multiple beam ...
Altered neural mechanisms implying autonomic functioning have been described related to anxiety. Pre-competitive stress may be considered as an anxiety-state associated with disorders (i.e. somatic and cognitive alterations, and self-confidence worsening) that severely impair sport performance, conditioning short-lasting strength-related disciplines like BMX. From the psychological perspective, ...
The ability of linear beta-amino acid substituted peptides (PK-betaA-1: Ac-YFT[beta(3)P]RLa; PK-betaA-2: Ac-Y[beta(3)homoF]TPRLa; PK-betaA-3: Ac-Y[beta(3)F]TPRLa; PK-betaA-4: Ac-[beta(3)F]FT[beta(3)P]RLa) and unsubstituted analogs (Ac-YFTPRLa and YFTPRLa) of the ...
. The reflection has the effect of inducing some circular polarization for incident linearly polarized light; since the ACS polarizers are not sensitive to circularly polarized light then the measured linear polarization polarization to circular polarization by retardance of one component relative to another (circular retardance
We analyze the AC electro-osmotic motion of a 1:1 aqueous solution, taking into account the difference in mobilities and diffusion coefficients between positive and negative ions. This model serves to understand the behavior of common systems as a solution of NaCl in water. We pay special attention to two cases. First, the case of slightly different ...
The exact frequency dependence of the ac hopping conductivity of a one-dimensional chain with random interruptions is obtained. The real and imaginary parts of the ac conductivity are shown to vanish quadratically and linearly, respectively, with frequency at the static limit. Critical behavior of the ac ...
This book: outlines such new analytical tools as phase segregation and decaying-vector symmetrical component methods, explains new control methods for superior applications of AC motors, details practices that suppress and prevent occurrence of transient phenomena, provides techniques for improving control performance and quickening response, such as field acceleration ...
We describe the design, implementation, and performance of a frontal code for the solution of large sparse symmetric systems of linear finite-element equations. The code is intended primarily for positive-definite systems since numerical pivoting is not performed. The resulting software package, MA62, will be included in Release 13 of the Harwell ...
The ac free-electron laser (ac FEL) uses an ac (temporally oscillating but spatially uniform) field as the pump source with the hope that electromagnetic radiation will be produced with wavelength shorter than that can be generated by a conventional magnet FEL. The ac field can be provided by a superconducting ...
alpha-Particles are suitable to treat cancer micrometastases because of their short range and very high linear energy transfer. alpha-Particle emitter (213)Bi-based radioimmunotherapy has shown efficacy in a variety of metastatic animal cancer models, such as breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Its clinical implementation, however, is challenging due to the limited supply ...
Alpha-particles are suitable to treat cancer micrometastases because of their short range and very high linear energy transfer. Alpha-particle-emitter 213Bi based radioimmunotherapy has shown efficacy in a variety of metastatic animal cancer models, such as breast, ovarian, prostate cancer and leukemia. Its clinical implementation, however, is ...
The temperature dependence of the harmonics ((chi)n) of the ac magnetic susceptibility in HTS have been investigated by numerical solutions of the non linear diffusion equation for the magnetic flux. Within the framework of the collective pinning model, t...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
converter after the micro-power- generators. The AC/DC converter is followed by an adaptive DC/DC converter generator is rectified using an AC/DC converter. Then a DC/DC converter is used to match the output of AC/DC-LINEAR TECHNIQUES FOR INCREASING HARVESTING ENERGY Power Generator AC/DC Converter DC/DC Converter ...
A free-piston variable stroke linear-alternator AC power generator for a combustion engine is described. An alternator mechanism and oscillator system generates AC current. The oscillation system includes two oscillation devices each having a combustion cylinder and a flying turnbuckle. The flying turnbuckle moves in accordance with ...
A free-piston variable stroke linear-alternator AC power generator for a combustion engine. An alternator mechanism and oscillator system generates AC current. The oscillation system includes two oscillation devices each having a combustion cylinder and a flying turnbuckle. The flying turnbuckle moves in accordance with the oscillation ...
A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of Ac-EEMQRR-amide and H(2)N-EEMQRR-amide in cosmetic products was developed and evaluated. This analytical procedure involved extracting samples with 0.1:0.1:85:15 (v:v) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA):formic acid:acetonitrile (ACN):water and determination by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass ...
We have measured the ac magnetic permeability response function {mu} = {mu}{prime} + i{mu}{double_prime} in melt-processed melt grown YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} with Y{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5} inclusions (MPMG) and in single crystal YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} (SC) in applied magnetic fields up to 8 Tesla oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the crystalline c-axis. The ...
We have measured the ac magnetic permeability response function {mu} = {mu}{prime} + i{mu}{double prime} in melt-processed melt grown YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} with Y{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5} inclusions (MPMG) and in single crystal YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} (SC) in applied magnetic fields up to 8 Tesla oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the crystalline c-axis. The ...
Angiogenin is one of the more potent angiogenic factors known, whose activity may be affected by the presence of copper ions. Copper(II) complexes with the peptides encompassing the putative endothelial cell binding domain of angiogenin, Ac-KNGNPHREN-NH(2) and Ac-PHREN-NH(2), have been characterized by potentiometric, UV-vis, CD and EPR spectroscopic ...
Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing of 81,405 patients who were tested by culture and 14,666 who were AC2 tested for Chlamydia trachomatis detected 142 extra infections and confirmed 106 culture-positive samples (the positivity rate increased from 0.13 in testing by culture to 0.26 in testing by ...
Strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that express K88 fimbriae are among the most common causes of diarrhea in young pigs. Adhesion of bacteria to receptors on intestinal epithelial cells, mediated by K88 fimbriae, is the initial step in the establishment of infection. Three antigenic variants of K88 fimbriae exist in nature: K88ab, K88ac, and K88ad. ...
Computational acceleration of projection algorithms for the linear best approximation problem. Yair Censor (yair ***at*** math.haifa.ac.il) ...
... 6. HS Witsenhausen, "A Minimax Control Problem for Sampled Linear Systems", Transactions of IEEE Control System Society, AC-13, 1968, pp. ...
... Toroid-wound rotary transformers; Microsyns; Linear variable differential transformers; Tachometer generators; Drag-cup ac tachometer generator; ...
... P - +Pk2 where Pki if ... ac Velocity versus phase, a comparison between Cutler's experiment and our ... is a one- valued function of distance, ie electron ...
Sep 10, 2008 ... The prominent linear feature at left is Hypatia Rille (called "U.S. 1" by ... The prominent crater centered in Hypatia Rille at top left is Moltke AC ...
A power grid is a transmission network transporting electrical energy from power plants to some substations near urban or industrial centers. To reduce the loss ...
The prominent linear feature at left is Hypatia Rille (called "U.S. 1" by the ... The prominent crater centered in Hypatia Rille at top left is Moltke AC ...
... m/s) has been studied as a function of oxygen concentration using the linear polarization, ac impedance, and potential step methods for measuring ...
The dielectrophoretic concentration of DNA particles suspended in a solution is investigated in a system of parallel electrodes, where the particles are attracted to the edges of the electrodes by positive dielectrophoresis. The AC electroosmotic motion of the fluid is also considered, as well as the diffusion of the particles, using the solution of the ...
We present a fully nonequilibrium calculation of the low-temperature transport properties of a quantum dot in the Kondo regime when an ac potential is applied to the gate. We solve a time-dependent Anderson model with finite on-site Coulomb interaction. The interaction self-energy is calculated up to second order in perturbation theory in the on-site interaction, in the ...
For the installation of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) the positioning and alignment of the beam line components was performed in several individual steps. In the following the general procedures for each step are outlined. The calculation of ideal co...
Page 1. iv IMPROVING LOW ORDER, LINEAR, POSITIVE SPATIAL QUADRATURES FOR THE PARTIAL CURRENT NEUTRON TRANSPORT ...
... Title : Improving Low Order, Linear, Positive Spatial Quadratures for the Partial Current Neutron Transport Method. Descriptive Note : Master's thesis. ...
... Accession Number : ADA117918. Title : Development and Test of a Digital/Optical Linear Position Transducer. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...
A new technique is developed to measure the mean junction temperature during ac operation of alternating current light-emitting diodes (ac LEDs). In general, the ac electrical system supplies power at a fixed root-mean-square voltage (Vrms) but the current may vary during operation. The ac LED begins to function ...
The envelope glycoprotein, GP64, of the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is a class III viral fusion protein that mediates pH-triggered membrane fusion during virus entry. Viral fusion glycoproteins from many viruses contain a short region in the ectodomain and near the transmembrane domain, referred to as the pre-transmembrane (PTM) ...
Abstract The National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP) and the American College of Surgeons-Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT) believe that achieving optimal outcomes for severely injured people requires a well-functioning and inclusive trauma system. This paper is the official position of the NAEMSP and ACS-COT. Key words: trauma; ...
When an AC electric field was applied across a small gap between two metal electrodes elevated above a surface, rhodamine-phalloidin-labeled actin filaments were attracted to the gap and became suspended between the two electrodes. The variance ?s2(x)? of each filament's horizontal, lateral displacement was measured as a function of electric field ...
... 1 oI. ,ti f ,, AC rVI TV (o--o ... 'In particular, a non-linear ray theory for waves ... Theories describing the propagation of large-amplitude short pulses in ...
MRC Contributing In Several Areas of High Current Cyclic Induction Accelerator Research: (1) Linear Theory of Negative Mass and Resistive, Wall Instabilities in Modified Betatron, (2) Linear Theory of Beam Breakup Instability in Recirculating Induction Ac...
In this report an extension of the theory of acoustic non-linearities accurate to fourth order is derived. A new fundamental limitation on the high frequency operation of acousto-optic signal processing architectures is demonstrated. Signal processing, Ac...
This citation summarizes a one-page announcement of technology available for utilization. In a proposed linear magnetic motor and generator, originally developed for cryogenic refrigerators that will be used on future spacecraft, magnetic forces drive a r...
A LINEAR ESTIMATOR OPTIMIZED FOR THE STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY INDEX AND ITS APPLICATION TO IMAGE philosophy of the SSIM index is to ac- knowledge the fact that natural images are highly structured images distorted by an AWGN channel. Estimation was performed at a block level (since the SSIM index
A new sensor was developed for simultaneous detection of cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+), and lead (Pb2+), based on the voltammetric response at a carbon paste electrode modified with carbamoylphosphonic acid (acetamide phosphonic acid) self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous silica (Ac-Phos SAMMS). The adsorptive stripping voltammetry technique involves preconcentration of the ...
Amorphous carbon (a-C) films were deposited on Si(1 0 0) wafers by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) plasma source. A negative electrical bias was applied to the silicon substrate in order to control the incident energy of carbon ions. Effects of the electrical bias on the a-C/Si interface characteristics were investigated by using standard Rutherford backscattering ...
A new electrochemical sensor for the determination of norepinephrine (NE), acetaminophen (AC) and tryptophan (Trp) is described. The sensor is based on carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DDP) and takes the advantages of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which makes the modified electrode highly sensitive for the ...
... Title : The Theory of an Attitude and Position Measuring Technique Using Two Cameras Incorporating Linear Charge Coupled Imaging Arrays. ...
The position's elevation components are linearly interpolated as a simple 1D scalar value. The interpolation factor amount defines the weight given to each ...
The satellite positioning (first and last fixes) does not coincide with the surfacing and diving positions/times. The results were corrected assuming linear ...
... on the current input position and the history of the input positions. ... it possible for a small set of computer graphics and linear algebra routines to ...
... to the nozzles determines a back pressure differential linearly indicative of the angular position of the shaft. Descriptors : *Shafts(Machine elements ...
Massive power supplies are required to drive electromagnets for model position ... A unique electromagnetic position sensor, similar to a linear variable ...
Optimal Modulation Controllers for multiarea ac/dc systems are designed by a recursive algorithm that determines the state weighting matrix Q of a linear quadratic performance criterion. The basic feature of the proposed method is the reduction of the number of iterations as well as minimization of the calculations involved. This method is applied for ...
The distribution of the Hall voltage induced by low-frequency AC current is studied theoretically in the incoherent linear transport of quantum Hall systems. It is shown that the Hall-voltage distribution makes a crossover from the uniform distribution to a concentrated-near-edges distribution as the frequency is increased or the diagonal conductivity is ...
In this paper, a series of numerical simulations was performed to investigate the pumping performance of electro-osmotic micropumps containing electrode arrays patterned on the upper and lower sides of a microchannel. The simulations have been analyzed with a linear electro-osmotic model based upon the Debye-H�ckel theory of the double layer. The potential drop across the ...
We report DC magnetization, detailed systematic linear and nonlinear AC magnetic susceptibility and transport for a single phase RuSr2Eu1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-? (EuRu-1222) magneto-superconductor. The studied sample is synthesized through standard solid state reaction route, which is crystallized in single phase tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm. DC ...
We investigate the dynamical motion of particles on a two-dimensional symmetric periodic substrate in the presence of both a dc drive along a symmetry direction of the periodic substrate and an additional circular ac drive. For large enough ac drives, the particle orbit encircles one or more potential maxima of the periodic substrate. In this case, when an ...
The maize, cut-and-paste transposon Ac/Ds is mobile in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and DNA sequences of repair products provide strong genetic evidence that hairpin intermediates form in host DNA during this transposition, similar to those formed for V(D)J coding joints in vertebrates. Both DNA strands must be broken for Ac/Ds to excise, suggesting that ...
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a common target of functional stereotactic surgeries. High-field magnetic resonance imaging and sophisticated computer systems provide precise identification of the nucleus location in stereotactic space. However, it is unclear what additional benefit these techniques provide over traditional anterior commissure-posterior commissure ...
ObjectivesThe study aims to explore the relationship between expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on peripheral blood monocytes, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS), and to investigate the possible mechanisms of Benazepril stabilizing atherosclerosis plaques.Methods70 patients ...
The static interplanar relaxation at a surface is qualitatively understood and represented by the "universal trend"; the first interlayer spacing is contracted for an open surface and expanded for a close surface. In contrast, there is so few data on surface thermal expansion and no general trend has been discovered. In this study, we have measured the interlayer spacing of Mg(0001) and ...
The status of the Space Station Freedom attitude control system (ACS) is provided. An overview is presented of the ACS design requirements and constraints, as well as control strategies used in the design of the control moment gyro/momentum management system, reaction control system, and integrated ACS. The design requirements and ...
Time Series Models: Hidden Markov Models & Linear Dynamical Systems Sam Roweis Gatsby Computational-345 http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~roweis/publications.html #15; Parameter estimation for linear dynamical://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/zoubin/tr-96-2.ps.gz #15; Online software ...
This invention consists of linear and angular position sensors in which a distance measuring system is used in conjunction with a sloping surfaced conductive target. With the target attached to a movable member and a distance measuring sensor at a fixed location with respect to the target, any linear or angular movement of the movable ...
Optical transitions in a Lens-Shaped Quantum Dot (LSD) are investigated in the presence of a hydrogenic impurity. The electronic wave functions are obtained analytically and the energy eigenvalues are calculated numerically. The density matrix formulation with the intersubband relaxation are used to evaluate the (linear and third order nonlinear) absorption coefficient ...
The ability of linear beta amino-acid-substituted peptides (PK-betaA-1: Ac-YFT[beta3-P]RLa; PK-betaA-2: Ac-Y[beta2-homoF]TPRLa; PK-betaA-3: Ac-Y[beta3-F]TPRLa and PK-betaA-4: Ac-[beta3-F]FT[beta3-P]RLa) and unsubstituted analogs (Ac-YFTPRLa and YFTPRLa) of the ...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Circuit diagrams ard modulation curves are used to describe an a-c polarograph. There are means for modulating the amplitude or the frequency of the a-c component of the current flowing in the polarograph cell and the modulating waveform may be sinusoidal or square-wave. The po larograph also contains detector means for measuring currents ...
With the progress in the linear motor, various kinds of magnetic levitating devices, most of them driven by dc current, are under study. In this paper, a simple magnetic levitating device driven by ac current is proposed. In this device, the cylindrical air gap is excited by an ac current and a thin nonmagnetic conducting ring is put ...
We present a combined numerical and analytical approach to analyze the static and dynamic stabilities of an electromagnetically levitated spherical body depending on the ac frequency and the configuration of a three-dimensional (3D) coil made of thin winding which is modeled by linear current filaments. First, we calculate numerically the magnetic vector ...
Some contributions in the field of constrained linear multivariable systems are presented. The basic theoretical tool used is the positive invariance property of polyhedral domains for continuous time and discrete time linear systems. For such systems, th...
A quasi-steady-state alternating current (ac) plasma operation was achieved successfully on the HT-7 superconducting tokamak. It is found in ac plasmas that the particle confinement time of positive current plasma (?p ~ 17 ms) is lower than that of negative current (?p ~ 31 ms) plasma. Therefore, the particle transport coefficients are ...
Cardiac-directed expression of AC6 has pronounced favorable effects on cardiac function possibly not linked with cAMP production. To determine rigorously whether cAMP generation is required for the beneficial effects of increased AC6 expression, we generated a catalytically inactive AC6 mutant (AC6mut) that has ...
Under Department of Energy's Advanced Technology Development Program,various analytical diagnostic studies are being carried out to examine the lithium-ion battery technology for hybrid electric vehicle applications, and a series of electrochemical studies are being conducted to examine the performance of these batteries. An electrochemical model was developed to associate changes that ...
Based on the Gummel-Poon model of BJT, the change of the DC bias as a function of the AC input signal in RF linear power amplifiers is theoretically derived, so that the linearity of different DC bias circuits can be interpreted and compared. According to the analysis results, a quantitative adaptive DC bias circuit is proposed, which ...
A collection of Activator (Ac)-containing, near-isogenic W22 inbred lines has been generated for use in regional mutagenesis experiments. Each line is homozygous for a single, precisely positioned Ac element and the Ds reporter, r1-sc:m3. Through classical and molecular genetic techniques, 158 transposed Ac ...
This dissertation first develops an efficient solution technique for solving the steady-state electrical conditions of an integrated ac-dc power system based on the observation that the equivalent loads representing the dc network are independent of the ac load-flow solution. The absence of iterations back and forth between ac and dc ...
We evaluated to what extent the influence of eye position in the auditory pathway of primates can be described as a gain field. We compared single unit activity in the inferior colliculus (IC), core auditory cortex (A1) and the caudomedial belt (CM) region of auditory cortex (AC) in primates, and found stronger evidence for gain field-like interactions in ...
The APS booster ring uses ramping power supplies to power the sextupole, quadrupole, and dipole magnets as the beam energy ramps up linearly to 7 GeV. Due to the circuit topology used, those supplies are unable to follow the linear ramp to the desired accuracy. The best regulation achieved is 0.25% while 0.1% is desired. In addition to the unsatisfying ...
The APS booster ring uses ramping power supplies to power the sextupole, quadrupole, and dipole magnets as the beam energy ramps up linearly to 7 GeV. Due to the circuit topology used, those supplies are unable to follow the linear ramp to the desired accuracy. The best regulation achieved is 0.5% while 0.1 % is desired. In addition to the unsatisfying ...
Path Following Using Transverse Feedback Linearization: Application to a Maglev Positioning System and model 4.1 Hardware setup The 5-DOF maglev positioning system was developed in collaboration with Quanser
A position--sensitive counter system for collecting neutron diffraction data from protein crystals is described. A linear position-sensitive detector is utilized to permit faster data collection and allow the use of smaller crystals. Data are collected in...
The concept of a matric-t variate is extended to cases where the positive (definite) part of the variate, which is usually Wishart distributed independently of the normal part, is a linear sum of positive (definite) variates with positive coefficients. Th...
A proof is given that any positive linear transformation of a space of continuous functions with a positive inverse has a certain specific form. The characterization is the same as that found by Kaplansky and others, but here it is obtained under weaker a...
Global linear coupling has been extensively studied in accelerators and several methods have been developed to compensate the coupling coefficient C using skew quadrupole families scans. However, scanning techniques can become very time consuming especially during the commissioning of an energy ramp. In this paper they illustrate a new technique to measure and compensate, in a ...
... stress data were collected from a 4- or 10-positive � angle arrangement and CrKα radiation diffracted from the (211) lattice planes of the D6AC steel ...
bidirectional; Up-command and control; On Data:AC systems information and positional location. Payload data. August 14, 2006. SIERRA AFSRB ...
... E). Positive cultures were identified by a commercial AC-ELISA system for the detection of ALV GSA (IDEXX Laboratories, ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
... in which the rectified current to an ac-driven, positively biased Langmuir probe exhibits a peak near the ion plasma frequency, is investigated ...
... the Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Air Force; (2) the amount of aviation career incentive pay (Acip) and aviation continuation pay (AcP) paid to ...
Page 1. NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION AC/323(SCI-135)TP/189 www.rto.nato.int ...
positive definite matrix. ?School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. (zhaoyy@maths.bham.ac.uk) . 1 ...
Chuquet claimed that if given positive numbers a, b, c, d then (a + b) / (c + d) lies between a/c and b/d. Is he correct? Prove your answer
... from any component (AC, ARNG, and RC) to fill positions on a volunteer basis, while providing increased cross- pollination of competence to the ...
� Factors to consider when looking for jobs � Vacancy sources � How to find unadvertised positions � How to improve your chances of finding a job #12;www.mmu.ac.uk/careers Factors to Consider � Size of employer.g. Prospects, Get by Hobsons � Websites � www.mmu.ac.uk/careers/coves � Also company websites, professional
Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing electrical fields to position and separate rod-shaped particles such as DNA molecules, actin filaments, microtubules, viruses, bacteria, nanotubes, and nanorods. The polarization of the electrical double layer, enveloping the rod, plays a critical role in determining the magnitude and direction of the rod's dipole moment. ...
The regulation of ACC synthase (ACS) genes was studied in early (�Early Golden�) and late (�Shiro�) Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina L.) in order to determine the role of this gene family in fruit ripening. Of the four Ps-ACS cDNAs isolated, two (Ps-ACS1 and -3) showed differential expression between the two cultivars. ...
This paper pre�sents the de�sign of the ac�tu�a�tor for the fast and high ac�cu�ra�cy Wire Scan�ner sys�tem. The ac�tu�a�tor con�sists of a ro�tary brushless syn�chronous motor with the per�ma�nent mag�net rotor in�stalled in�side the vac�u�um cham�ber and the sta�tor in�stalled ...
The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) spraying technique has been utilized in applications such as inkjet printing and mass spectrometry technologies. In this paper, the role of electrical potential signals in jetting and on the oscillation of the meniscus is evaluated. The jetting and the meniscus oscillation behavior are experimentally investigated under ac voltage, ...
In the absence of a superpower balance, Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) are rapidly proliferating. As U.S. defense resources shrink, options to address the new WMD threat are also shrinking. These dynamics are changing the role of Arms Control (AC) and U.S. deterrent strategy. This paper analyzes the relationship between proliferation of WMD, AC, and the ...
Magnetization AC losses in striated YBCO conductors in a perpendicular applied AC magnetic field were investigated with special regard to the coupling current AC loss (CCAC). The AC loss of YBCO samples of different length L was measured by using rectangular-shaped pick-up coils. The AC losses ...
We plan to improve the CHICO position resolution to match that of GRETINA by adopting the pixelated boards with spherical coordinate ? and ? sensing. This allows very fine corrections of the Doppler shift of observed ? rays and achieving the ?-ray energy resolution to nearly the intrinsic resolution of Ge detector. An eight-layer pixelated board was designed and successfully ...
We apply ac and dc magnetic fields simultaneously in orthogonal directions to each other to a solution, in which paramagnetic microparticles are dispersed, and show that complex secondary structures composed of oscillating chain clusters, that is, long linear clusters interconnected by T-, L-, and criss-cross-junctions, are self-assembled. Disklike ...
The synthesis of an extracellular ribbon of cellulose in the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum takes place from linearly arranged, membrane-localized, cellulose-synthesizing and extrusion complexes that direct the coupled steps of polymerization and crystallization. To identify the different components involved in this process, we isolated an Acetobacter cellulose-synthesizing ...
A non-contacting linear position location system employs a special transmission line to encode and transmit magnetic signals to a receiver on the object whose position is to be measured. The invention is useful as a non-contact linear locator of moving objects, e.g., to determine the location of a ...
It has been claimed that perceived academic control (AC) in combination with preoccupation with failure (PWF) produces a strong motivation for success, and the interaction (AC x PWF) has been shown to predict academic achievement. In a prospective study, 442 first year psychology students completed a questionnaire about their background, study habits, ...
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In this work, we explore the rich AC-electrokinetic effects to manipulate micelles of varied chemical structures and examine their stability in response to applied AC-electric fields. We investigate the AC-field induced transport and instability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) ...
An improved electrostatic coalescence system is provided in which independent AC and DC hydrophilic electrodes are employed to provide more complete dehydration of an oil emulsion. The AC field is produced between an AC electrode array and the water-oil interface wherein the AC electrode array is ...
An improved electrostatic coalescence system is provided in which independent ac and dc hydrophilic electrodes are employed to provide more complete dehydration of an oil emulsion. The ac field is produced between an ac electrode array and the water-oil interface wherein the ac electrode array is ...
The application of AC-electric fields, when integrated with current microarray and ``lab-on-chip'' platforms, has emerged as a useful tool to manipulate and assemble supramolecular aggregates, such as AC-field induced protein crystallization and DNA hybridization, yet the detailed mechanism remains unclear. To understand the ...
partners - and growing MSc Carbon Management MSc Carbon Capture and Storage Scottish Centre for Carbon.haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage, Petrobras 2008 4 Positions in CCS chain Capture Transport Injection://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/sccs/ s.haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage, ...
We have measured 3-D kinematics of stars in Kapteyn's Selected Area (SA) 76 that were selected to be Anticenter Stream (ACS) members on the basis of their kinematics and CMD positions. Mean stream kinematics from the 31 identified ACS members produce an orbit inclined by ~30� to the well-defined spatial distribution of the stream. We ...
The AC dipole is a device to study beam optics of hadron synchrotrons. It can produce sustained large amplitude oscillations with virtually no emittance growth. A vertical AC dipole for the Tevatron is recently implemented and a maximum oscillation amplitude of 2{sigma} (4{sigma}) at 980 GeV (150 GeV) is achieved [1]. When such large oscillations are ...
The AC dipole is a device to diagnose transverse motions of a beam. It can achieve large-amplitude oscillations without two inevitable problems of conventional kicker/pinger magnets: decoherence and emittance growth. While not the first synchrotron to operate with an AC dipole, the Tevatron can now make use of its recently upgraded BPM system, providing ...
The AC loss characteristics of a magnet-superconductor system were studied with the magnet fixed to the free end of an oscillating cantilever located near a stationary melt-textured YBCO pellet. Below a threshold AC field amplitude {approx}2Oe, the dissipation of the oscillator is amplitude-independent, characteristic of a linear, ...
We present measurements of AC losses in Bi-2223 multi-pancakes coils with different geometries. Measurements were performed at 77 K at frequencies ranging from 50 to 1600 Hz. The losses are found to depend strongly on coil configuration and linearly increase with increasing frequency. The centre pancakes in the coils exhibit larger AC ...
The antifungal activity of cecropin A(2-8)-melittin(6-9) hybrid undecapeptides, previously reported as active against plant pathogenic bacteria, was studied. A set of 15 sequences was screened in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Most compounds were highly active against F. oxysporum (MIC < 2.5 microM) but were less active ...
The antifungal activity of cecropin A(2-8)-melittin(6-9) hybrid undecapeptides, previously reported as active against plant pathogenic bacteria, was studied. A set of 15 sequences was screened in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Most compounds were highly active against F. oxysporum (MIC < 2.5 ?M) but were less active against ...
The dynamic and static magnetic properties of La1.85Sr0.15Cu1-yNiyO4 with Ni concentration up to y=0.63 are reported. All the features that characterize the spin-glass (SG) behavior are found: bifurcation of the dc susceptibility ? versus temperature curve, a peak in the zero-field-cooling branch of this curve accompanied by a step in the imaginary part of the ac ...
A nanoscale investigation on the capacitive behavior of graphene deposited on a SiO2/n(+) Si substrate (with SiO2 thickness of 300 or 100 nm) was carried out by scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS). A bias V(g) composed by an AC signal and a slow DC voltage ramp was applied to the macroscopic n(+) Si backgate of the graphene/SiO(2)/Si capacitor, while a nanoscale contact ...
We present 19 nearby (z < 0.3) 3CR radio galaxies imaged at low and high excitation as part of a Cycle 15 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) snapshot survey with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). These images consist of exposures of the H? (6563 �, plus [N II] contamination) and [O III]?5007 emission lines using narrowband linear ramp filters adjusted ...
We present 19 nearby (z < 0.3) 3CR radio galaxies imaged at low and high excitation as part of a Cycle 15 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) snapshot survey with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). These images consist of exposures of the H{alpha} (6563 A, plus [N II] contamination) and [O III]{lambda}5007 emission lines using narrowband linear ramp ...
The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes on the visual quality and quantification of 18F-FDG PET images in neurological PET/CT examinations. For this purpose, the scans of 20 epilepsy patients with EEG monitoring were used. The CT data were reconstructed with filtered backprojection (FBP) and with a metal artefact reduction (MAR) algorithm. Both ...
Mar 3, 2010 ... Namely, the problem of determining if a linear map ? from a subspace of matrices to a matrix algebra is �completely positive�. Complete ...
Tucker has formulated the Duality Theorem of Linear Programming in terms of orthogonality properties of a pair of complementary orthogonal linear manifolds with respect to the positive orthant. This theorem is generalized by substituting complementary pol...
An extremely simple Hermetically Sealed, Positive Displacement Linear Pump is presented that would electro-magnetically shuttle a floating piston inside of a ...
... Title : AGARD Flight Test Instrumentation Series. Volume 8. Linear and Angular Position Measurement of Aircraft Components. ...
motions of narrowly poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) linear chains and spherical microgels in a very of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) linear chains and spherical microgels under a good solvent condition.22 Note that PNIPAM is an extensively studied thermally sensitive polymer and individual linear
.mpg.de #12; { 2 { 1. Introduction Linear and circular polarization are important diagnostics of synchrotron we present new observations of linear and circular polarization in Sagittarius A*, the compact at limits of 0.1 to 2% (Bower et al. 1999a,c, 2001b). Surprisingly, the emission is circularly polarized
This paper proposes a different type of HTS superconducting magnetometer based on the non-linear magnetic behavior of bulk HTS materials. The device design is based on the generation of second harmonics which arise as a result of non-linear magnetization observed in Type-II superconductors. Even harmonics are generated from the ...
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase (CODH), also known as Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), is one of seven known Ni containing enzymes. CODH/ACS is a bifunctional enzyme which oxidizes CO to CO2 reversibly and synthesizes acetyl-CoA. Recently, X-ray crystal structures of homodimeric CODH from Rhodospirillum rubrum (CODHRr) and CODH from Carboxydothermus ...
measuring good WFPC2 positions for stars within 500 ACS/WFC pixels of the cluster center. This somewhat stars that did not have well-measured positions. These stars tend to have poor photometry as well, so of the WFPC2 data is that it provides a much better color baseline than the ACS data alone; our study of NGC
Subclinical ketosis is a metabolic disorder in high-producing dairy cattle that can be detected by ketone bodies in milk: acetone (Ac), acetoacetate (AcAc), and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry is to a growing extent used for determination of milk constituents in milk recording, but as yet there is no calibration ...
Mammalian membranous adenylyl cyclases (mACs) play an important role in transmembrane signalling events in almost every cell and represent an interesting drug target. Forskolin (FS) is an invaluable research tool, activating AC isoforms 1-8. However, there is a paucity of AC isoform-selective FS analogs. Therefore, we examined the ...
with complex-linear extension AC. Then |AC(f + ig)| AR(|f + ig|) for all f, g Lp R(X, dx). Hence AC = AR . Proof Given R we have |(ARf) cos() + (ARg) sin()| = |AR(f cos() + g sin())| AR(|f cos() + g sin()|) AR(|f + ig|). 3 #12;Let u, v, w : X R be functions in the classes of ARf, ARg, AR(|f + ig|). Then we
We demonstrate that electrowetting using alternating current (ac) voltage can be used to overcome pinning of small drops due to omnipresent heterogeneities on solid surfaces. By balancing contact angle hysteresis with gravity on inclined planes, we find that the critical electrowetting number for mobilizing drops is consistent with the voltage-dependent reduction in contact ...
The AC 2000 is a positional catalog of 4,621,836 stars covering the entire sky. The average epoch of position is 1907. The data are from the images measured and published as part of the Astrographic Catalogue (AC). The positions are on the system defined by the Hipparcos Catalogue, having ...
Chemoprevention has become an important area in cancer research due to the failure of current therapeutic modalities. Epidemiological and preclinical studies have demonstrated that nutrition plays a vital role in the etiology of cancer. This study was conducted to determine the chemopreventive effects of germinated brown rice (GBR) in rats induced with colon cancer. GBR is brown rice that has been ...
consisting of a linear analysis, a nonlinear analysis based on a phase plane .... extreme of the saw tooth. The command signal may be modified so that a ...... The ac servomotor is a two-phase induction motor. ...
conceptual design of the solar concentrator subsystem. .... a Linear Ac- tuator .... X. MIRROR. Ay/. SIDE VIEW. 94-2-4. FIGURE 3. FRESNEL REFLECTOR. A-12 ..... stage. It is basically a "lightweaigbt" version of the conventional micronave ...
... 1asda@ceh.ac.uk Abstract In European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), mass of new primary feathers increases linearly with ... molt start dates and molt durations. RESUMEN En Sturnus vulgaris, la masa de l...
The ERP lineshifts occurring in ruby when stressed with DC, modulated DC and AC fields are described. It is shown that the space charge effects which might influence the DC results can be overcome by modulating the stressing voltage. The lineshift sensiti...
opt.math.tu-graz.ac.at). Abstract: For the $r$-stage open shop problem with identical ... Citation: Discrete Appl. Math. 114 (2001), 273-288. Download: ...
The main linacs for the proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) provide acceleration of up to 500 GeV per beam. The linacs operate in a regime where unavoidable imperfections and even natural ground motion cause significant emittance dilutions. In order to ac...
The etching characteristics of vacuum tube molybdenum inner sleeves and frames were determined for both dilute and strong acid. For the diluted acid, a linear relationship between percent weight removed and time was established, whereas, for the strong ac...
intensive. Such baffles are also problematic in chips that employ electroosmosis or electrophoresis as high than the linear scaling of the standard electroosmosis. Dukhin7 first offered an estimate to a combination of channel electroosmosis and the pH-gradient-induced backflows, is less significant than that due
... bio.ic.ac.uk/research/mjcraw/therbook/data/Daphnia.txt on the growth rate of Daphnia A more complex ANOVA From the R Commander ... Linear model > model m1, Grosth.ra...
-transfected with a linearized viral DNA of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedro- sis virus (AcMNPV, C6 strain) onto Sf21
Computer assisted tomography (CAT) scanning is a nondestructive testing technique used to obtain quantitatively accurate mappings of the distribution of linear attenuation coefficients inside an object. To demonstrate the potential of the technique for ac...
The variation of the ac magnetic susceptibility of a polycrystalline ferromagnet US as a function of hydrostatic pressure was investigated. The Curie temperature decreases linearly from 180.0/sup 0/K at the atmospheric pressure to 175.9/sup 0/K at 17.6 kbar.
This work is supported by Stanford University and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) under DoE contract number DE-AC 03-76-SFO0515 and NASA grant ...
A concept for a colloid engine with an electrodynamic linear accelerator is described. The charged particle source is a standard colloid engine with an extractor voltage that has an AC componen.t Downstream of the extractor, a series of accelerator gates ...
A concept for a colloid engine with an electrodynamic linear accelerator is described. The charged particle source is a standard colloid engine with an extractor voltage that has an AC component Downstream of the extractor, a series of accelerator gates a...
Contains 5 Physlets designed to solve the common AC and DC circuit problems. In addition to the usual RC and LRC simulations, there is an applet to plot non-linear I vs V response and an applet to plot frequency response.
National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. Approved for ... from an extensive numerical study using CUTEr test problems. ...
We study the highly non-linear system consisting of an array of Transition Edge Sensors polarized by AC voltage sources at different frequencies. We show that the quality factor of the resonant circuit must be low to avoid self-oscillations.
at the fiber-cavity junction and we take the upper sign for ac[6]. The normalized trasmission of the resonator electric-field cavity energy along with a linear fit. where the upper sign is taken in the undercoupled
At bottom left corner is the crater Moltke AC (Chuck Hole) in the center of the prominent linear feature Hypatia Rille (called U.S. 1). ...
Nov 1, 2006 ... At bottom left corner is the crater Moltke AC (Chuck Hole) in the center of the prominent linear feature Hypatia Rille (called U.S. 1). ...
... Hydronium ion is ... and iodide ions was linear within 0.02 log units. Ac- ... 0.25; 0.17 M., 0.35, k coin- cordingly, bromide ion (n - 3.89)1 was eelected as ...
to conduct physical experiments to validate (or disprove) our previous work and inspire new research.diefenbach@gsb.strath.ac.uk T 553 6154 Offering: Qualitative research man- agement studies, organisation theory, socio.illes@strath.ac.uk T 4542 Linear and nonlinear programming, theory, algorithms, applications. Pivot algorithms for ...
The complex ac penetration depth, surface impedance, and susceptibility are calculated for a superconducting half space and film containing a vortex lattice of arbitrary orientation with respect to the surface. Within linear response theory, full account is taken of the correct boundary conditions (image vortices), diffuse driving force and nonlocal ...