... standard cleaning (alkaline and acid rinses) on the generation of ac surface photovoltages (SPVs) are investigated using n-type silicon wafers. ...

In a surface photovoltage determination of the collection length of holes in undoped amorphous Si:H, the ac surface photovoltage has been picked up by the use of a liquid Schottky barrier. The redox couple quinone-hydroquinone proved the best liquid. Simultaneous illumination with a bias light ...

... Surface Photovoltage Measurements and Fermi Level Pinning: Comments on 'Development and Confirmation of the Unified Model for Schottky ...

... tensity are also observed. The spatial dependence of the photovoltage primarily ... The spatial dependence of the photovoltage primarily ...

An AC surface photovoltage (SPV) was induced in n-type silicon (Si) wafers after the deposition of undesirable copper (Cu) atoms on the surface. Chemical analysis reveals that Cu ions (Cu2+) are deposited on Si surfaces, through electron capture because the oxidation reduction potential of Cu2+ ...

It is well known that ambients can have a marked influence on the surface photovoltage the change in surface potential with illumination. The sensitivity of the surface photovoltage to ambients have been studied by the authors for some of the chalcogenide...

A fixed oxide charge (Qf ) in n-type silicon (Si) wafers is investigated in thermally oxidized Si wafers intentionally contaminated with aluminium (Al), where Al-induced negative charge clarified by an ac surface photovoltage plays the role of a charge marker. Qf , which is defined to be positive, in n-type Si wafers is found to be ...

... Title : AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE STUDIES WITH A BIMORPHOUS PIEZOELECTRIC KELVIN PROBE. ...

... The spatial dependence of the photovoltage primarily results from spatial variations in the local surface recombination rate. ...

An ac surface photovoltage (SPV) is investigated in the thermally-grown silicon (Si) wafers, which are pretreated with an iron (Fe)-contaminated alkaline solution composed of ammonia hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and water. The ac SPV appeared in the cleaned and oxidized p-type Si is reduced by the incorporation of ...

A scanning photon microscope based on ac surface photovoltage (SPV), which can be used to characterize electronic charges in silicon (Si) wafers, is successfully applied for nondestructive detection of metallic contaminants. If Al3+ and Fe3+ replace Si4+ in a native oxide, (AlOSi)- and (FeOSi)- networks form and a negative charge ...

The metal-induced negative charge on the surface of n-type silicon (Si) wafers, previously reported in the atomic bridging model as (AlOSi)- and (FeOSi)- networks, was investigated using AC surface photovoltage (SPV) as a function of the frequency ( f) of a chopped photon beam, with the aid of an ...

Adding certain adsorbents in conjunction with the sensitizing dye employed in high-efficiency TiO2 nanoparticle solar cells has been shown to increase the photovoltage. It is has been speculated that the increased photovoltage is due to these hydrophobic adsorbents passivating surface states that mitigate the recombination of ...

... Using a scanning tunneling microscope and light from a He-Ne laser, we have measured the surface photovoltage of the Si(111)-7X7 surface with ...

The evaluation of thermally oxidized Cr-contaminated Si surfaces, by an AC surface photovoltage (SPV) method, indicates that a certain amount of contaminating Cr atoms resides in the SiO2 thin film, resulting in the creation of a negative oxide charge in the form of a (CrOSi)- and/or CrO2- networks, which are ...

We investigated a variation of frequency-dependent alternating current (AC) surface photovoltages (SPVs) in thermally oxidized, chromium-contaminated, n-type silicon (Si) wafers. As previously reported, immediately after rinsing in Cr-contaminated solution, a Cr(OH)3-Si contact causes a Schottky-barrier-type AC SPV ...

We investigated a variation of frequency-dependent alternating current (AC) surface photovoltages (SPVs) in thermally oxidized, chromium-contaminated, n-type silicon (Si) wafers. As previously reported, immediately after rinsing in Cr-contaminated solution, a Cr(OH)3-Si contact causes a Schottky-barrier-type AC SPV ...

In this study a scanning tunneling microscope is used to probe changes in the surface potential created by photoexcited carriers. At small tunneling currents, the dependence of surface photovoltage on laser intensity agrees with a model based on the transport of majority carriers through the depletion layer. At larger values of the ...

A study of frequency dependent AC surface photovoltages (SPV) in n-type silicon (Si) wafers contaminated with an aqueous solution containing chromium (Cr) was carried out. Immediately after rinsing (5 min exposure to air), the Cr (Cr3++3e- ? Cr) deposited on the surfaces of the wafers had already been converted ...

We have studied the behavior of Au clusters on the top surface of a SiO2 film and/or at the SiO2/Si interface as a function of oxidation temperature between room temperature (RT) and 500 �C in conjunction with a Schottky-barrier-induced AC surface photovoltage (SPV) and an enhanced SiO2 growth due to Au at 500 ...

A quantitative estimation of metal-induced oxide charge (Qmi) density is performed on the surface of n-type silicon (Si) wafers rinsed with trivalent aluminum (Al)- and iron (Fe)-contaminated RCA alkaline solution by analyzing the frequency-dependent AC surface photovoltage (SPV). Qmi arises from (AlOSi)- or ...

Experimental results on the surface states of the basal plane of CdS are presented and discussed in

The experimental and theoretical basis for surface photovoltage spectroscopy is outlined. Results of this technique applied to gallium arsenide surfaces, are reviewed and discussed. The results suggest that in gallium arsenide the surface voltage may be due to deep bulk impurity acceptor states that are pinned at ...

The rates of photovoltage build-up and decay in a n-TiO2/electrolyte/Pt cell are studied experimentally. Build-up and decay curves for photovoltages obtained after irridation with different light intensities are analyzed. It is observed that the photovoltage increases initially with an almost zero slope due to charge trapping ...

The polarity of the oxide charge in a thermally wet-oxidized and radiation-damaged n-type silicon wafer was determined by the conventional capacitance-voltage (C-V) method and an ac surface photovoltage (SPV) technique. The C-V method, which uses a mercury probe as the metal electrode, results in a positive sign, while the SPV ...

. Khramtsov Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel

. Solodky, A. Khramtsov,a) T. Baksht, M. Leibovitch,b) S. Hava,a) and Yoram Shapirac) Department of Physical

Surface photovoltage measurements of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) films are performed by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). The intrinsic a-Si:H film is formed on a Si substrate, and its surface is H-terminated by wet treatments before surface photovoltage ...

Small signal non-contact ac-SPV method for monitoring near surface doping (NSD) in silicon has recently been introduced in commercial diagnostic tools. High chopping frequency light with a submicron penetration depth is used to generate small SPV signal and this signal is in turn monitored using a transparent pickup electrode. This technique has the ...

ZnO nanorods have been prepared with sol-gel methods using zinc acetate dihydrate in ethanol in the presence of lithium hydroxide via alkaline hydrolysis. The electron transfer behaviour at the surface and interface in ZnO nanorods was investigated by means of the surface photovoltage technique. The influence of adsorbed oxygen on the ...

The existence of the photovoltaic effect has been observed in Pb2CrO5 ceramic. A typical photosensitive device has one pair of surface electrodes on one surface of a ceramic disk. The illumination response of the photovoltage in the device is described with the measured relation between the photovoltage and the ...

A multicrystalline Si solar cell material has been investigated through photovoltaic measurements by photoassisted Kelvin probe force microscopy (P-KFM). Photovoltage distributions mapped by P-KFM exhibited an abrupt change in photovoltage near the ? 3 grain boundary, and those distributions are well related to intrinsic surface ...

A scanning tunneling microscope is used to probe changes in the surface potential created by photoexcited carriers. At small tunneling currents, the dependence of surface photovoltage on laser intensity agrees with a model based on the transport of majori...

An improved method and apparatus for the controlled deposition of a layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon on a substrate. Means is provided for the illumination of the coated surface of the substrate and measurement of the resulting photovoltage at the outermost layer of the coating. Means is further provided for admixing amounts of p type and n type ...

'obscuritd et sous dclairement. [Examples of GaAs workfunction topographies in the dark and under light.] f semiconducteur en bandes plates. [Variations of the photovoltage versus the workfunction for n and p type Ga of the photovoltage versus the workfunction for n and p type InP.] #12;N� 5 PROPRIIiTtS DE SURFACE DE SEMICONDUCTEURS ...

Photovoltage in obliquely deposited films of semiconductors is found to be much higher in magnitude than the corresponding band gap of the semiconductor. Also, the magnitude of the photovoltage depends on the angle of deposition, the separation between the electrodes, the wavelength of the incident light, the intensity of the illumination and temperature, ...

ZnO nanowire (NWs) arrays coated with CdS quantum dots (QDs) were successfully fabricated with a chemical bath deposition process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) have been utilized to characterize the samples. We have studied the processes of separation and recombination of the photo-generated charges in the visible region by ...

ZnO nanowire (NWs) arrays coated with CdS quantum dots (QDs) were successfully fabricated with a chemical bath deposition process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) have been utilized to characterize the samples. We have studied the processes of separation and recombination of the photo-generated charges in the visible region by ...

Small signal non-contact ac-SPV method for monitoring near surface doping (NSD) in silicon has recently been introduced in commercial diagnostic tools. This technique has the advantage of producing fast, non-destructive full wafer measurements. High chopping frequency light with a submicron penetration depth is used to generate small SPV signal and this ...

Cd{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}Te alloys have been studied by surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The analyses of surface photovoltage spectra have been perfomed at near and above band gap energies. Surface recombination effects on the ...

The surface photoelectric property of AgNbO3 photocatalyst particles is investigated by surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) and electric field-induced surface photovoltage spectroscopy (EFISPS). In the SPS, two response peaks appear separately in the visible and the ultraviolet light ...

Photoemission spectroscopy experiments have shown that photons used to determine semiconductor band bending can induce measurable photovoltages. Because of the pulsed-photon source, the charging and discharging processes taking place at the semiconductor surface have been proposed as seriously affecting synchrotron-radiation photoemission measurements [M. ...

Kelvin probe microscopy implemented with controlled sample illumination is used to study nanoscale surface photovoltage effects. With this objective a two trace method, where each scanning line is measured with and without external illumination, is proposed. This methodology allows a direct comparison of the contact potential images acquired in darkness ...

Kelvin probe microscopy implemented with controlled sample illumination is used to study nanoscale surface photovoltage effects. With this objective a two trace method, where each scanning line is measured with and without external illumination, is proposed. This methodology allows a direct comparison of the contact potential images acquired in darkness ...

We investigate the photovoltaic effects of quartz single crystals annealed at high temperatures in ambient atmosphere. The open-circuit photovoltages and surface morphologies strongly depend on the heating treatments. When the annealing temperature increases from room temperature to 900�C, the rms roughness of quartz single crystal wafers increases from ...

Silver-decorated ZnO (Ag/ZnO) chain-like nanoparticle aggregates were prepared by a facile nonaqueous sol�gel method. The influence of Ag decoration on the surface photo-induced charge transfer behaviour of ZnO was investigated by means of surface photovoltage spectroscopy, electric field-induced surface ...

Using the liquid Schottky contact, the surface photovoltage technique is applied to a variety of glow discharge a-Si:H films to measure collection width, diffusion length and depletion width. These measures are also seen to be a sensitive method for study...

Metallic contamination was monitored with Surface Photovoltage (SPV) technique in integrated circuit manufacturing facilities. Conventionally, Czochralski silicon bulk materials were used as monitor wafers. However, it has been observed that the diffusion length and the `Iron' concentration measured with SPV were inconsistent from run to run in one ...

Voltage transients induced by flash illumination of bilayer membranes with sorbed dye, 3,3' -dimethyl-2,2' -oxacarbocyanine chloride (diO-C1-3-CI), vary with membrane lipid composition and aqueous solution salt concentration. The voltage transients are probably induced by physical movements of sorbed dye molecules following photo-isomerization. Increased salt (NaCl and NaBr) concentrations in the ...

Two interfaces with opposite orientations of the built-in electric field, nanoporous TiO2 film/ FTO electrode and nanoporous TiO2 film/semitransparent Pt substrate, were constructed. The separation and transport of photo-induced charge carriers in the two systems of nanoporous TiO2/conductive substrate were studied by the transient photovoltage technique. Various transient ...

Contact potential difference (CPD) measurements using a Kelvin probe could with synchrotron radiation are used to investigate various aspects of the problem of surface photovoltage (SPV) induced by the synchrotron radiation at (110) and (100) GaAs surfaces. A large and quasipermanent SPV is found at surfaces of low ...

place only at the surface. C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 1. Gallium nitride Figure 3 compares O(1s photovoltage spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy a correlation between a removal of the gallium oxide from the surface and a reduction of the yellow luminescence

Monitoring of dopant concentration in the near surface region is very important in semiconductor manufacturing, especially for epi-technology and ion implantation. Two relevant techniques which have been used are Mercury probe and Elastic probe. Both of them allow profiling of dopant concentration by measuring the capacitance of the depletion layer, CD, versus the applied ...

Transient surface photovoltage (SPV) of n and p-GaN was measured using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with a time resolution of 0.1 s. The measured SPV transients for both n- and p-GaN are <<0.1 s, and for the n-GaN they are not affected by flood-gun electrons. However, for the p-GaN, the transient character of the SPV is dramatically changed ...

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy is combined with optical excitation techniques to probe spatially-resolved, non-equilibrium electronic transport processes at the Si(111)-(7x7) surface. Photo-excited carriers separate in the sub-surface space-charge region, ...

In order to well study the internal body performance for transmission-mode GaAs photocathode of different varied doping structures, two GaAs photocathodes of exponential doping structure and gradient doping structure were designed respectively. Because surface photovoltage spectrum has close relation with the internal properties of GaAs photocathodes, the ...

Powder of carbon nitride has been investigated by surface photovoltage spectroscopy at temperatures between 30 �C and 150 �C. Photo-generated holes were preferentially separated towards the external surface. Electronic states below the optical band gap from which charge separation may be possible have not been observed. The band ...

The contactless electromodulation methods of photoreflectance and contactless electroreflectance as well as surface photovoltage spectroscopy are powerful tools for the non-destructive, room temperature characterization of a wide variety of III-V device structures. These techniques are simple, compact, and relatively inexpensive. Some systems to be ...

... OF AC FLUX LEAKAGE, EDDY CURRENT, EMAT AND ULTRASONIC METHODS OF MEASURING SURFACE CONNECTING FLAWS IN ...

The behavior of GaN surfaces during photoassisted Kelvin probe force microscopy is demonstrated to be strongly dependant on surface polarity. The surface photovoltage of GaN surfaces illuminated with above-band gap light is analyzed as a function of time and light intensity. Distinct ...

A theory for the capture of electrons by deep centers in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is presented. In the section on deposition and doping studies, some recent results obtained with the rf magnetron deposition system are described. Other results show that additions of Ar to dc or ac SiH/sub 4/, discharges cause the dark conductivity and photoconductivity to ...

Using room-temperature surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS), we have characterized a GaAlAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) structure. Signals have been observed from every region of the sample. From a line shape fit to the normalized first derivative of the surface ...

We show that the observation by photoemission spectroscopy of a finite density of occupied states at the Fermi-level on a film of a conjugated organic material (para-sexiphenyl) in which alkali metal atoms have been intercalated does not necessarily imply metallicity nor the presence of negative polarons (radical anions). The combination of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe ...

Local surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements were used to measure how the electric field of a scanning tunneling microscope tip perturbs the electronic band structure at Si(001), Si(111)-(7x7), and H-terminated Si(111) surfaces. The results demonstrate t...

Modification of the surface of the semiconductor photoelectrodes have been shown to favorably alter the characteristics of photoelectrode durability, output photovoltage and output photocurrent. Significant results from modification of photoelectrode surfaces are reviewed in this article with 26 references being cited. The references ...

A simple, quantitative relationship between the semiconductor surface recombination velocity (S(sub r)) and the open-circuit photovoltage (V(sub oc)) of photoelectrochemical systems was derived and verified experimentally. Experimental results obtained for the n-Si / acetone-FeCp2(+/0)-LiClO4 junction indicate that V(sub oc) is controlled by ...

Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) is a multiphase, heterogeneous material, composed of Si nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix. It has been intensively studied recently due to very promising photovoltaic and optoelectronics applications. The present paper aims to study electronic transitions in nc-Si:H grown by Low Energy Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition by ...

GaN based heterostructures have recently gained increased interest due to their applications for high electron mobility transistors. In this letter AlInN/AlN/GaN heterojunctions grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition with different AlN thicknesses have been investigated by surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The density of the two-dimensional ...

Modified method of surface photovoltage (SPV), spectral response measurement, and constant photocurrent method (CPM) were applied to thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells with the aim of finding diffusion length of minority carriers (L) in the CdTe material. The SPV signal was theoretically calculated without constraints of absorption coefficients for the ...

This paper first describes how growth rate of ultra-thin thermal oxide and oxide charges are influenced by an incorporation of Al and/or Fe into SiO2. Al and Fe in SiO2 enhanced the oxide growth rate at an early stage of thermal oxidation, while they reduced it around 10 percent in several hundreds minutes at 1123 K. In thermally oxidized Al- or Fe-contaminated p-type Si, observed ...

The Ti/TiO2/Au junction forms the basis of a promising new type of photovoltaic cell, provided that a light-harvesting antenna layer can be deposited on the thin gold film. We report that the electrical diode characteristics of the TiO2/Au Schottky barrier deteriorate by deposition of a hydrophobic quantum dot film, Merbromin dye adsorption, or electron-hole photogeneration in TiO2 under inert ...

The clean CdTe(100) surface prepared by sputtering and annealing was studied with high-energy electron diffraction (HEED) and photoemission. HEED showed the surface to be a one-domain, (2 x 1) reconstruction. Photoemission spectra showed two surface-shifted components for the Cd 4d core level, with an intensity ratio of about 1:3, ...

multicrystalline silicon ingot production or other sheet growth techniques: there is no need for a crucible of the floating liquid silicon zone with a crucible or shaper is necessary, foreign material contamination can characterisation was done by surface photovoltage (SPV) and by microwave reflectance decay (MRD) in as grown

to be efficient in studying C60 thin films.12,13 In par- ticular, the SPV spectrum contains information of charge carriers. II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS C60 thin films were deposited on a substrate of optical glass of magnitude9 have been reported for highly crystalline C60 films. These results have been inter- preted

Surface photovoltage spectroscopy has been carried out on real n- and p-type (110) CdTe surfaces in the wavelength range 0.36-1 ?m at room temperature (300 K), and at atmospheric pressure. The measurements show the existence of surface states at 1.3; 1.48, and 1.2; 1.46 eV within the energy gap of n- and p-type ...

We report on recent advances in the development of nanoscale measurements of the surface photovoltage (SPV) based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and its application to the kesterites Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe). One critical aspect of the electronic structure of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) that has yet to be determined in their related ...

With hydrogen from biomass representing the best near-term alternative for hydrogen production in Hawaii, the research in that area still holds a prominent position in HNEI's efforts. STeam gasification of biomass has been observed in supercritical water with temperatures equal to or higher than 500{degrees}C and residence times equal to or longer than 30 seconds. The primary gas products ...

The effect of ruthenium surface modification is shown to considerably improve the properties of CdTe-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells. Contact potential difference (CPD) measurements on n- and p-CdTe show shifts in surface Fermi level in opposite directions corresponding to an increase in barrier height in each case. The magnitudes of the ...

Dynamic Effects Induced Transition of Droplets on Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces Yong Chae Jung

... FOR VICENZA ITALY ,'h - AC ... 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: SURFACE OBSERVATION CLIMATIC SUMMARIES (SOCS) FOR VICENZA ITALY ...

ZnO/Cu(2)O heterostructure films were prepared by a two-step electrodeposition method in aqueous solution on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis transmission measurements were utilized to characterize the films. Surface photovoltage (SPV) technique was used to investigate ...

In our work we employed surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy on a number of commercially available ZnO nanopowders to probe surface defect energies within the band gap, conduction vs. valence band nature of the defect-related transitions, as well as the surface photoresponse dynamics. SPV characterization was ...

been studied in poly 2-methoxy-5-(2 -ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene MEH-PPV thin films spin-coated on Au and n-GaAs 111 substrates using surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The results show that the MEH-PPV from MEH-PPV films into the GaAs substrates is observed and found to have a strong dependence

Photoelectrochemical etching of n-CdTe single crystals was found to improve both short circuit current and photovoltage of a CdTe-polysulfide photoelectrochemical solar cell. Variation of the photoetching time influences drastically the power output and the spectral response of the cell. The experimental results can be interpreted as follows: a short photoetching mainly ...

We prepared a back-contact dye-sensitized solar cell and investigated effect of the sputter deposited thin TiO? film on the back-contact ITO electrode on photovoltaic property. The nanocrystalline TiO? layer with thickness of about 11 ?m formed on a plain glass substrate in the back-contact structure showed higher optical transmittance than that formed on an ITO-coated glass substrate, which led ...

The authors have combined photovoltage and contact potential measurements to explore the ionic space charge effect in AgCl single crystals. It is believed that there are two main contributions to the measured photovoltage, the Dember effect and the drift ...

The effects of loading Fe(3+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+) or Ag(+) on activated carbons (ACs) on interaction of the carbon surfaces with dichloromethane (DCM) and trichloromethane (TCM) were investigated. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the desorption activation energy of DCM/TCM on the ACs separately ...

We review the use of the contactless methods of photoreflectance (PR), contactless electroreflectance (CER) and wavelength modulated differential surface photovoltage spectroscopy (DSPS) for the nondestructive, room temperature characterization of a wide variety of wafer-scale III-V semiconductor device structures. Some systems that will be discussed ...

Obtaining higher quantum efficiency and more stability has been an important developing direction in the investigation of GaAs photocathodes. By solving the one-dimensional diffusion equation for no-equilibrium minority carriers of reflection-mode GaAs photocathode materials, we can get the equations of the surface photovoltage curve before activation and ...

The effect of an ambient environment on the surface photovoltage and photoluminescence observed for GaN is studied. In air ambient the upward band bending gradually increases under UV illumination and is explained by the photoinduced chemisorption of surface adsorbates. Specifically, the increase in negative ...

This paper reports on a local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) technique for mapping the ac impedance distribution, as a function of frequency, of an electrode. In LEIS, as in traditional ac impedance methods, a sinusoidal voltage perturbation between the working and reference electrode is maintained by driving an ac ...

Our previous study demonstrated that many commercial activated carbon (AC) particles may catalyze transformation of secondary amines to yield trace levels of N-nitrosamines under ambient aerobic conditions. Because of the widespread usage of AC materials in numerous analytical and environmental applications, it is imperative to understand the reaction ...

... Abstract : The authors have combined photovoltage and contact potential measurements to explore the ionic space charge effect in AgCl single ...

The photovoltages of solutions of chlorophyll and a donor or acceptor were measured for several systems. The effect of oxygen dissolved in the solvent was also investigated. The photovoltages were usually on the order of a few millivolts. In solid-lamella...

This thesis addresses the fundamental physical and chemical processes of localized surface plasmon mediated photochemistry and charge transfer in noble metal nanoparticles. The first chapter introduces the theory and application of surface plasmons. It includes a discussion of propagating and localized surface plasmons, plasmon decay ...

The surface photovoltage (SPV) spectra of a series of vertically stacked self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD)-based laser structures with different spacer layer (SL) thickness were obtained as a function of temperature (77 K

The surface photovoltage (SPV) spectra of a series of vertically stacked self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD)-based laser structures with different spacer layer (SL) thickness were obtained as a function of temperature (77 K ? T ? 300 K). A decrease of the compressive stress for thinner SL samples arising from coherent relaxation enables us to ...

Two-dimensional coordination polymers, [M(C?H??O?)(C??H?N?)]�H?O [M=Co (1), Cd (2); C??H?N? = 4,4-bipyridine, C?H??O?=subaric acid] were obtained from the reaction of the metal salts, bipy and subaric acid at 180�C and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrum, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and surface photovoltage spectrum (SPS). ...

The interaction of Cu and Ag on the van der Waals (0001) face of p-type WSe2 has been investigated in relation to Schottky-barrier formation and Schottky solar cells using x-ray and uv photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS,UPS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and surface photovoltage measurements. XPS and UPS results show the growth of a metallic ...

Synthetic, single crystal, n-type semiconducting WS/sub 2/ (bandgap /approximately equals/ 1.3 eV) has been characterized as a photoanode in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolyte media. The WS/sub 2/ was synthesized from the elements by bromine and chlorine transport to yield plates up to 3* 3 mm in dimension. Interface characterization includes (i) cyclic voltammetry in the presence of a large ...

surfaces. Termed ac electro-osmosis, the flow has been studied experimentally and theoretically using and permittivity of the electrolyte. Al- though generated by ac fields, the fluid flow, referred to as ac electro-osmosis in the diffuse double layer on the electrode surface 1,4 . Consider two ...

A comprehensive physical model for equilibrium and illuminated free semiconductor surfaces interacting with an arbitrary number of monoenergetic surface and bulk defect states is presented. The position of the surface Fermi energy is shown to be determined by the overall balance of surface charge and ...

Confined spin waves in single magnetic microstrips are investigated using a microwave photovoltage technique. Direct mapping of the spin wave evolution between surface, edge, and central modes is achieved by tuning the direction of the applied magnetic field. Both theoretical and numerical methods are used to study the evolution of the excitations and ...

Results of chlorine and phosphorus gettering of photovoltaic (PV) polycrystalline silicon are presented. Using surface photovoltage (SPV) diffusion length (L) measurements, it has been established that PV polysilicon is very in homogeneous and gettering only improves L values in regions in which L is relatively high and a large amount of non precipitated ...

The deposition of a silicon film containing a p-n junction on a partially purified and recrystallized metallurgical silicon substrate is a promising approach to the fabrication of low cost solar cells. This type of solar cell contains a high concentration of chemical impurities, such as iron, and structural defects, such as grain boundaries. The heat treatment of solar cell structures after the ...

We examine the current response of molecularly controlled semiconductor devices to the presence of weakly interacting analytes. We evaluate the response of two types of devices, a silicon oxide coated silicon device and a GaAs/AlGaAs device, both coated with aliphatic chains and exposed to the same set of analytes. By comparing the device electrical response with contact potential difference and ...

A biotinylated derivative of alpha-bungarotoxin and tetramethylrhodamine-labeled avidin were employed to fluorescence label the acetylcholine receptors (AcChoR) on the surface of rat myotubes in primary culture. Because of the multivalency of both the biotinylated bungarotoxin and the avidin, this treatment extensivey crosslinks the ...

... the light beam and when it ... ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES, ELECTRON BEAMS, ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, ELECTRONS, FILTERS ...

... BACKGROUND, FILMS, GELS, ILLUMINATION, MERCURY, POLARIZATION, RATIOS, RESPONSE, SILICON, SUBSTRATES, TRANSIENTS ...

Spinel zinc manganese oxide (ZnMn2O4) nanorods were successfully prepared using the previously synthesized ?-MnO2 nanorods by a hydrothermal method as template. The nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface photovoltage ...

We have fabricated a YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x}/SrTiO{sub 3}:Nb heterostructure and measured the current-voltage and photovoltaic properties under ultraviolet light irradiation at room temperature. A large photovoltage of 0.8 V is observed and is positive to the film. The photovoltage appears under illumination of light with photon energy larger than ...

A simple photovoltaic cell has been constructed by using Nesa glass coated with SnO[sub 2] on both sides as transparent electrodes, one of which is further coated with a photosensitizing dyestuff, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), forming the photocathode, and by using an aqueous solution of Fe[sup 3+]/Fe[sup 2+] redox couple as the electrolytic solution. By adding an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl ...

Phase Equilibriums, Chemical Equilibriums, and Solutions Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic Processes Surface Chemistry and Colloids...

... or oxyfluorides upon contact with water) (References 3, 38 ... that fluorides are the more hygroscopic, the ... the oxidation state of the metal is (Reference ...

... SUPERCONDUCTORS, *ELECTRIC FIELDS, *ALTERNATING CURRENT ... SURFACE PROPERTIES, THINNESS, SCALAR FUNCTIONS, LOSSES ...

A noval ac superconducting cable is described. It consists of a composite structure having a superconducting surface along with a high thermally conductive material wherein the superconducting surface has the desired physical properties, geometrical shape and surface finish produced by the steps of depositing a ...

A novel ac superconducting article is described comprising a composite structure having a superconducting surface along with a high thermally conductive material. The superconducting surface has the desired physical properties, geometrical shape and surface finish produced by the steps of depositing a ...

A novel ac superconducting article is described comprising a composite structure having a superconducting surface along with a high thermally conductive material wherein the superconducting surface has the desired physical properties, geometrical shape and surface finish produced by the steps of depositing a ...

The composition of the electrolyte is known to greatly influence the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. It has been speculated that some components of the electrolyte passivate the TiO2 surface against recombination; however, this has never been confirmed experimentally. We hereby present the first case of passivation of the TiO2 surface against ...

In plasma processing, especially during the etching process in microelectronics, and as the feature size decreases, charging damage to thin gate oxides can be produced which does not occur when wet chemical processes are used. It is currently believed that such damage occurs when excess charge is deposited on a wafer because of nonuniformities in the plasma parameters across the ...

Surface charge analysis (SCA) is a novel technique which utilizes the surface photovoltage (SPV) effect to measure depletion layer widths in silicon. It is demonstrated to be a superior alternative to capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements for the detection of ionic impurities in Si/SiO[sub 2] structures. Not only is SCA demonstrated to ...

Piezoelectric Transformer (PT) converts an electrical AC input voltage into ultrasonic vibrations and reconverts back to an output as AC voltage. Hard lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics is typically used for fabrications of such devices. In case of lanthaniun ion La3+ addition in PZT solid solution we can achieve piezoelectric ceramics with good ...

The reusability of Co(3)O(4) (AC-Co), MnO(2) (AC-Mn) and CuCoO(4) (AC-CC) loaded activated carbon (AC) and their element mercury removal efficiency had been studied using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor under simulated flue gas conditions. Tests showed that spent AC-Co could be regenerated ...

IMG','/oss/meraover/archive/archive/surface/tactical/staging/opgs/edrgen/temp/ ...... *AA��AA� AAe*ABXCAB9nABjABaABXAC%�AC]*AC7�ADjAC�AD*\\AC �AD� ...

In glasshouse pot experiments 2 herbicides were examined for pre-emergence selectivity as soil surface sprays on 69 species of tropical crops and weeds. AC 213087 and AC 222293 were notable for control of Avena fatua and Alopecurus myosuroides and were re...

The surface chemistry of a commercial AC (AC(0)) was selectively modified, without changing significantly its textural properties, by chemical oxidation with HNO(3) (AC(HNO3)) and O(2) (AC(O2)), and thermal treatments under H(2) (AC(H2)) or N(2) ...

The experimental values for the surface tension of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium were found to be in fair agreement with calculated values. (A.C.)

... Abstract : An austenitc flake graphite grey iron in the as-cast condition (ac ... was used; in laser surface melted iron, the graphite flakes were eliminated ...

Abstract: Photometric and polarimetric properties of sifted nephrite and tektite particulate surface - lunar surface properties ...

In-situ photovoltage (PV) and photoluminescence (PL) are used to obtain information about the band bending of Si and the PL quenching by nonradiative (nr) surface recombination during the beginning of electrochemical etching of silicon in aqueous fluoride solutions. The onset of the porous silicon formation in diluted NH4F solution is accompanied by an ...

In multicellular organisms, the surface barrier is essential for maintaining the internal environment. In mammals, the barrier is the stratum corneum. Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) is a key factor involved in forming the stratum corneum barrier. Mice lacking Fatp4 display early neonatal lethality with features such as tight, thick, and shiny skin, and a defective skin ...

The float zone process involves a molten silicon zone between a melting polycrystalline feed rod above and a growing single crystal below. Frequently the feed rod is melted and the float zone is kept molten by the joulean heating from ac electric currents induced by a radio frequency induction coil around the float zone. The shape of the melt's free ...

The linear output of lateral photovoltage (LPV) with light position is the main feature of conventional lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE), which can be used to detect small displacement. In this study, we report a novel oscillating LPE in a surface-patterned metal-semiconductor structure, which can be well manipulated by the metal thickness and the comb ...

An extensive Kelvin probe force microscopy study in an ultrahigh vacuum has been undertaken to examine the influence of growth modifications of a few nm thick CdS buffer layers in thin film chalcopyrite solar cells. In regions around the grain boundaries of the polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se(2) substrate a lowering of the work function extending to about 200�nm away from this vertical interface was ...

The optical properties of ZnO nanorods and nanowires grown by a newly developed nanoparticle-assisted pulsed-laser deposition were studied by using photoluminescence (PL) and a surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy. SPV spectroscopy can detect an optical absorption spectrum by the illumination-induced change in the surface potential ...

Tannin and related polyphenolic substances strongly surface chelate with 0268-1242/13/1/021/img1 sensitizing nano-porous films of 0268-1242/13/1/021/img1 to the visible spectrum. The photovoltaic cell nano-porous n-0268-1242/13/1/021/img3-CuI generates highly stable photovoltages. The result is explained as the effectiveness of the ...

The energy levels of CdS quantum dots (QDs) can be shifted in a systematic fashion with respect to the TiO(2) bands using molecular dipoles. Dipole moments pointing toward the QD surface shift the energy levels toward the vacuum level (a), thus enabling electron injection from excited QD states into the TiO(2) conduction band at lower photon energies compared to QDs with ...

In an effort to investigate metal surface corrosion and the breakdown of metal protective coatings the AC Impedance Method was applied to zinc chromate primer coated 2219-T87 aluminum. The model 368-1 AC Impedance Measurement System recently acquired by t...

The piassava fiber, residue of the broom industry, was used as precursor for the preparation of activated carbons (AC). AC were prepared by chemical activation with zinc chloride (AC ZnCl(2)) or phosphoric acid (AC H(3)PO(4)) and by physical activation with carbon dioxide (AC CO(2)) or water ...

It is shown that a combined experimental and theoretical study of the surface photovoltage (SPV) effect can be utilized for the quantification of a number of material parameters in a semiconductor-adsorbate model system. At the Rb-adsorbed surface of the semiconducting layered transition metal dichalcogenide WSe2, a large SPV effect of ...

The relation between annealing temperature and surface photovoltage (SPV) shifts on the Si(111)7�7 surface of lightly n -doped substrates has been studied by core-level and valence-band photoelectron spectroscopies at 100 K. The SPV shift was found to depend strongly on the annealing temperature and the photon flux. Between 900 ...

flawed, shot-peened D6AC steel plate were investigated. For short crack ... cyclic crack-growth properties of shot-peened surface-flawed D6AC steel revealed ...

... Splitting, Laser- Beam Intecration, Multi-Beam Laser, -t-eel-D6AC, St-eel 300N., Tmpact Strencith D6AC l A VIRA~? M.AI1 ...

Aluminum 7075-T7351, 4340 Steel, D6AC Steel, Fatigue crack ... 7075-T7351, 4340 steel, and D6AC steel with a variety of surface enhancements that include ...

The report gives results of a project to develop and refine surface and airborne contamination measurement techniques that can be used to evaluate air conveyance system (ACS) cleaning. (NOTE: ACS cleaning is advertized to homeowners as a service having a number of benefits...

It is demonstrated for the first time that a relatively large cryostable superconducting coil can be pulsed with relatively low ac losses at high ramping rates. The low ac losses with limited current sharing have been achieved by insulating the surface of...

Partial Contents: Generation of Sharp and Semi-Sharp Features of Hybrid Subdivision Surfaces; Study and Practice of Imaging Signal Processing for Airborne SAR; Research on Single-Phase AC Excitation of Bifunctional Synchronous AC Motors. Modeling for Doub...

To investigate metal surface corrosion and the breakdown of metal protective coatings, the ac Impedance Method was applied to zinc chromate primer coated 2219-T87 aluminum. The EG&GPARC Model 368 ac Impedance Measurement System, along with dc measurements...

The AC-impedance technique was experimentally evaluated as one of the in-situ measuring means to determine the corrosion rate of metals immersed in aqueous solutions. Surface impedance of corroding metals was measured by both the FET and FRA methods using...

...AC-powered adjustable hospital bed is a device intended for medical purposes that consists of a bed with a built-in electric motor and remote controls that can be operated by the patient to adjust the height and surface contour of the bed....

We demonstrate the use of "click" chemistry to form electrochemically and photoelectrochemically active molecular interfaces to SnO(2) nanoparticle thin films. By using photochemical grafting to link a short-chain alcohol to the surface followed by conversion to a surface azide group, we enable use of the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition ...

We have developed a straightforward plasma-based method which yields chlorine-terminated n-type 6H-SiC surfaces. Atomic force microscopy shows that the surface roughness is not affected by the plasma processing. Additionally, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a significant reduction in oxygen, and a corresponding rise of chlorine core level ...

The adsorption properties of chlorofluorocarbon CFC113 and CFC replacements (HCFC225cb and 5FP) on activated carbon treated with 6 N nitric acid or hydrogen gas were investigated on the basis of their physicochemical adsorption isotherm and Dubinin-Rudshkevich plot to elucidate the difference between untreated activated carbon (U-AC) and surface modified ...

The American Chemical Society's (ACS) Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry publicizes its members initiatives to "investigate the interaction of surfaces with fluids having molecular densities spanning the range from liquids to ultra-high vacuum." The Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry is comprised of a ...

Surface photovoltage transients were used to monitor both the short time dynamics (>10 ns) and the spatial distribution of electrons photoinjected in thin (2-20 nm) TiO2 layers from dye molecules adsorbed at the surface. At low temperatures (100-250 K), the dynamics are governed exclusively by spatially dependent tunneling ...

The electro-optic characteristics of the semi-insulating and n(+)-type GaAs(001) surfaces passivated with n-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers were investigated using Kelvin probe surface photovoltage (SPV) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. Referencing the equilibrium surface barrier height established in ...

The electro-optic characteristics of the semi-insulating and n + -type GaAs(001) surfaces passivated with n-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers were investigated using Kelvin probe surface photovoltage (SPV) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. Referencing the equilibrium surface barrier height established in ...

The kinetics of the photoreversal reaction of the M-intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) was investigated by time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy and photovoltage measurements using double-flash excitation (a green flash (532 nm) followed by a blue flash (400 nm) after a variable delay). The sign of the photovoltage and the 1H/2H kinetic isotope ...

In Australia, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, has a long history of resistance to conventional insecticides. Transgenic cotton (expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac) has been grown for H. armigera control since 1996. It is demonstrated here that a population of Australian H. armigera has developed resistance to Cry1Ac toxin ...

Adding certain adsorbents in conjunction with the sensitizing dye employed in high-efficiency TiO2 nanoparticle solar cells has been shown to increase the photovoltage. It is has been speculated that the increased photovoltage is due to these hydrophobic ...

Research results in the following areas are reported: Larger than band gap photovoltages in anthracene, germanium layers, and evaporated zinc sulfide layers; and photovoltages due to inhomogeneous absorption of light and to chemical effects in organic sol...

The method for determining the contributions of asymmetry of illumination and a difference in parameters of p-n and n-p junctions of the p-n-p structure in cadmium-telluride films to the anomalous photovoltage effect is suggested.

In the work a method of discrimination of exposure skewness contribution and differences of p-n and n-p junctions of p-n-p structure to the anomalous photovoltage effect (APV-effect) in the films of cadmium telluride is suggested.

Infection with Aspergillus terreus is more likely to result in invasive, disseminated disease when compared to other Aspergillus species; importantly this species appears to be less susceptible to the antifungal drug amphotericin B. Unique to this species is the ability to produce specialized structures denoted as accessory conidia (AC) directly on hyphae both in vitro and in ...

A detailed optical characterization of a series of wurtzite-type Cd1-x-yBexZnySe mixed crystals grown by the modified high pressure Bridgman method has been carried out via photoluminescence (PL) and contactless electroreflectance (CER) in the temperature range of 15-300 K. Room temperature surface photovoltage spectroscopy has been used as a diagnostic ...

Multivalency iodine (I(7)+/I(-)) doped TiO(2) were prepared via a combination of deposition-precipitation process and hydrothermal treatment. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface ...

We introduce high surface area ZnO nanotube photoanodes templated by anodic aluminum oxide for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Atomic layer deposition is utilized to coat pores conformally, providing a direct path for charge collection over tens of micrometers thickness. Compared to similar ZnO-based devices, ZnO nanotube cells show exceptional ...

We introduce high surface area ZnO nanotube photoanodes templated by anodic aluminum oxide for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Atomic layer deposition is utilized to coat pores conformally, providing a direct path for charge collection over tens of micrometers thickness. Compared to similar ZnO-based devices, ZnO nanotube cells show exceptional ...

We report herein the promising application of TiO2 nanotubes formed on a Ti substrate to a flexible dye-sensitized solar cell illuminated from the back-side. We found that anodization of a Ti substrate in an extremely dilute perchloric acid solution yielded the formation of a high aspect-ratio TiO2 nanotube layer on the Ti substrate. The nanotube layer has the equivalent ...

A variety of impurities were added to silicon films grown under identical conditions in a dc glow discharge. Both the diffusion length and the depletion width were measured by means of the surface photovoltage technique. Gases such as disiloxane and nitrogen caused significant decreases in both the diffusion length and the depletion width while the effects ...

The defect density profile of high-efficiency epitaxial metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown GaAs heterojunction solar cell structures has been characterized using a variable-energy positron beam. Spatial defect changes, film thickness variations, and possibly interfacial space charge and disorder may be resolved from annihilation characteristics by control of the implantation ...

Single crystals of n- and p-WS/sub 2/ (tungsten sulfide) were obtained by chemical vapor transport using chlorine and bromine as transporting agents. The best niobium-doped WS/sub 2/ crystals were obtained when the concentration of the charge (formulated (1 - x) WS/sub 2/ (x) NbS/sub 2/) (niobium sulfide) was approx. 37 mg charge/ml of tube, and x = 0.01 to 0.03. A thermodynamic analysis of the ...

Mercurochrome and N3 dyes are employed to be the sensitizers in the ZnO-nanowire (NW) dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A lower fill factor is obtained in the N3-sensitized cell which results in comparable efficiencies in both ZnO-NW DSSCs although the N3 molecules possess a wider absorptive range for light harvesting. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open-circuit ...

This patent describes a method which is independent of built-in photovoltage for determining the quantum efficiency of a single layer semiconductor sample of essentially a single conductive type. The first step in the determination consists of forming electrical connections (Schottky barrier formed in one case) by means of two electrodes with the opposing ...

The photovoltaic characteristics of Al/surfactant aluminum phthalocyanine (SlAlPc)/Ag cells are reported. The electrodeposition technique is used to plate S1AlPc. This technique could easily produce large size depositions of pigment. Maximum values of 0.7% for power conversion efficiency and 18% for quantum yield for charge production have been obtained at 638 nm and 4 ..mu..W cm/sup -2/ with a ...

The main objective of this study was to list and compare the advantages and disadvantages of different methodologies to modify the surface of activated carbons (ACs) for their application as adsorbents to remove organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous phase. These methodologies have been categorized into four broad groups: oxidation, sulfuration, ...

Photoreflectance technique has been used as a non-destructive probe of surface photo-voltage in doped and semi-insulating semiconductors. A system used to measure the photoreflectance spectra near the fundamental gap of GaAs and InP has been described. Measurements as a function of pump intensity on n and p type GaAs were used to infer the carrier dynamics ...

Excellent surface passivation of crystalline silicon (c-Si) is desired for a number of c-Si based applications ranging from microelectronics to photovoltaics. A plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition double layer of amorphous silicon-rich oxynitride and amorphous silicon nitride (SiNx) can provide a nearly perfect passivation after subsequent rapid thermal process (RTP) and ...

Method and apparatus are provided for determining the diffusion length of minority carriers in semiconductor material, particularly amorphous silicon which has a significantly small minority carrier diffusion length using the constant magnitude surface-photovoltage (SPV) method. Steady or modulated illumination at several wavelengths provides the light excitation on the ...

We report stable chemical engineering of hydrogen-terminated Si[111] surfaces in aqueous electrolytes by electrochemical grafting of aromatic monolayers. The topography and free energy of the engineered surface obtained from AFM and contact angle measurements confirmed homogeneous coating of the surface with a monolayer. Grafting of ...

The photovoltage of an Al-Al2O3-Al thin-film sandwich with an Al2O3 layer of 60 A was measured as a function of wavelength and incident light intensity; a potentiometer-type technique was used to eliminate the distortion of the photovoltage by the dark cu...

We introduce droplet jumping by resonant AC electrowetting (DJ-RACE) to transport droplets to vertical direction, envisioning three-dimensional digital microfluidics. Inphase oscillatory actuation by resonant AC electrowetting allows droplets to store sufficient energy for jumping on their stretched surfaces by conventional ...

A theory capable of predicting the performance of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is formulated. It relates grain size to mobility, lifetime, diffusion length, reverse saturation current, open circuit photovoltage and fill factor. Only the diffusion lengths measured by the surface photovoltage technique for grains less than or ...

This paper will review the use of the contactless methods of photoreflectance (PR), contactless electroreflectance (CER), and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) for the nondestructive, room temperature characterization of a wide variety of wafer-scale semiconductor device structures. Some systems that will be discussed include heterojunction bipolar ...

This thesis presents a near-field optical microscopy, NSOM, investigation of the microscopic immiscibility effects present in indium gallium phosphide alloys, which were grown by liquid phase epitaxy, LPE. The immiscibility within the alloy system results in composition fluctuations, which are observed as spatially varying shifts in the local band edge photoluminescence peak energy of the ...

adsorption Surface grafting a b s t r a c t Amphiphilic PEO�silanes (a�c) having siloxane tethers of varying. Properties of surfaces grafted with a�c were compared to surfaces grafted with a traditional PEO�silane length increased, chain density of PEO�silanes grafted onto oxidized ...

; activated carbon; textural properties; surface functional groups. 1. Introduction Supported-metal catalysts among all catalysts. 3.4. Discussion Generally, suitable surface functional groups, high specific of the catalysts are not merely a function of the porosity, but more of the support surface chemistry. For ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of dwell time, surface roughness, and the surface activation state on 1,1,1-trichloroethane's (TCA's) effectiveness for removing silicone oil from D6ac steel. Silicone-contaminated test articles were washed ...

A dielectric loss study of porous MgO indicates that H2O absorption on MgO probably leads to the formation of surface defects as well as hydroxide ions. The ac conductivity, sigma sub ac followed the equation sigma sub ac=sigma sub 1 + KP sub H2O to the 0...

Over a period of 15 months, five sets of adhesively-bonded butt joints were fabricated and tested. This previously unreported data is used to assess the variability of measured interface corner toughness values, K{sub ac}, as well as the dependence of K{sub ac} on surface preparation. A correlation between K{sub ...

The frequency dependence of magnetic ac loss of thin superconductor strip subjected to an ac magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the strip is investigated by incorporating a flux creep model into the critical state model of Brandt and Indenbom. It is found that the reduced ac loss exhibits a maximum ...

... AD and 306-AC-12-AD5)," and 1963-1969 when activities were expanded ... Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the ...

The power quality on the transmission lines is less of a concern with an AC system. At the point of use (power distribution) we will need to use Delta to ...

... proof load test the entire aircraft is subjected to load in a hangar maintained at -40'C and the structural integrity of the brittle D6AC steel components ...

... method for detecting surface- breaking cracks in ferromagnetic materials, and is used extensively in critical inspections for D6ac steel components ...

A compact, easy to fabricate, noninductive, low surface magnetic field superconductor transmission line that has minimal stay fields is described.

... Gupta, R. N., Rodkiewicz, CM, Varghese, N. K., and Jain, AC; "Hypersonic Interactions with Surface Mass Transfer - Part II: Unsteady Flow," AIAA ...

... 642-643 (2004). 6. AP Somlai, S. Iyer and DA Schiraldi, ACS Polymer Preprints, 45(1), 650-651 (2004). 7. DA Schiraldi ...

... Title : Crack Propagation Test Results for Variable Amplitude Spectrum Loading in Surface Flawed D6ac Steel. Descriptive Note : Technical memo.,. ...

Updated eco friendly refrigerant decommissioning in the auditorium AC systems while fire. Chubais Yeltsin named Vladimir software and they are from ...