30 CFR 57.4057 - Underground trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... and Control § 57.4057 Underground trailing cables. Underground trailing cables shall be accepted or... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Underground trailing cables. 57.4057 Section 57.4057 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL...
30 CFR 57.4057 - Underground trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... and Control § 57.4057 Underground trailing cables. Underground trailing cables shall be accepted or... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Underground trailing cables. 57.4057 Section 57.4057 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL...
30 CFR 57.4057 - Underground trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... and Control § 57.4057 Underground trailing cables. Underground trailing cables shall be accepted or... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Underground trailing cables. 57.4057 Section 57.4057 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL...
30 CFR 57.4057 - Underground trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... and Control § 57.4057 Underground trailing cables. Underground trailing cables shall be accepted or... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Underground trailing cables. 57.4057 Section 57.4057 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL...
30 CFR 75.804 - Underground high-voltage cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Underground high-voltage cables. 75.804 Section... § 75.804 Underground high-voltage cables. (a) Underground high-voltage cables used in resistance grounded systems shall be equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more...
30 CFR 75.804 - Underground high-voltage cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Underground high-voltage cables. 75.804 Section... § 75.804 Underground high-voltage cables. (a) Underground high-voltage cables used in resistance grounded systems shall be equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more...
30 CFR 75.804 - Underground high-voltage cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Underground high-voltage cables. 75.804 Section... § 75.804 Underground high-voltage cables. (a) Underground high-voltage cables used in resistance grounded systems shall be equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schmidt, F.
1980-11-01
The components of a superconducting 110 kV ac cable for power ratings or = 2000 MVA were developed. The cable design is of the semiflexible type, with a rigid cryogenic envelope containing a flexible hollow coaxial cable core. The cable core consists of spirally wound Nb-A1 composite wires electrically insulated by high pressure polyethylene tape wrappings. A 35 m long single phase test cable with full load terminals rated at 110 kV and 10 kA was constructed and successfully tested. The results obtained prove the technical feasibility and capability of this cable design.
Thermal analysis of underground power cable system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rerak, Monika; Ocłoń, Paweł
2017-10-01
The paper presents the application of Finite Element Method in thermal analysis of underground power cable system. The computations were performed for power cables buried in-line in the ground at a depth of 2 meters. The developed mathematical model allows determining the two-dimensional temperature distribution in the soil, thermal backfill and power cables. The simulations studied the effect of soil and cable backfill thermal conductivity on the maximum temperature of the cable conductor. Also, the effect of cable diameter on the temperature of cable core was studied. Numerical analyses were performed based on a program written in MATLAB.
Assessment of 69 kV Underground Cable Thermal Ratings using Distributed Temperature Sensing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stowers, Travis
Underground transmission cables in power systems are less likely to experience electrical faults, however, resulting outage times are much greater in the event that a failure does occur. Unlike overhead lines, underground cables are not self-healing from flashover events. The faulted section must be located and repaired before the line can be put back into service. Since this will often require excavation of the underground duct bank, the procedure to repair the faulted section is both costly and time consuming. These added complications are the prime motivators for developing accurate and reliable ratings for underground cable circuits. This work will review the methods by which power ratings, or ampacity, for underground cables are determined and then evaluate those ratings by making comparison with measured data taken from an underground 69 kV cable, which is part of the Salt River Project (SRP) power subtransmission system. The process of acquiring, installing, and commissioning the temperature monitoring system is covered in detail as well. The collected data are also used to evaluate typical assumptions made when determining underground cable ratings such as cable hot-spot location and ambient temperatures. Analysis results show that the commonly made assumption that the deepest portion of an underground power cable installation will be the hot-spot location does not always hold true. It is shown that distributed cable temperature measurements can be used to locate the proper line segment to be used for cable ampacity calculations.
30 CFR 57.4057 - Underground trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Underground trailing cables. 57.4057 Section 57.4057 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention...
Automation of Underground Cable Laying Equipment Using PLC and Hmi
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mal Kothari, Kesar; Samba, Vishweshwar; Tania, Kinza; Udayakumar, R., Dr; Karthikeyan, Ram, Dr
2018-04-01
Underground cable laying is an alternative for overhead cable laying of telecommunication and power transmission lines. It is becoming very popular in recent times because of some of its advantages over overhead cable laying. This type of cable laying is mostly practiced in developed countries because it is more expensive than overhead cable laying. Underground cable laying is more suitable when land is not available, and it also increases the aesthetics. This paper implements the automation on a manually operated cable pulling winch machine using programmable logic controller (PLC). Winch machines are useful in underground cable laying. The main aim of the project is to replace all the mechanical functions with electrical controls which are operated through a touch screen (HMI). The idea is that the machine should shift between parallel and series circuit automatically based on the pressure sensed instead of manually operating the solenoid valve. Traditional means of throttling the engine using lever and wire is replaced with a linear actuator. Sensors such as proximity, pressure and load sensor are used to provide the input to the system. The HMI used will display the speed, length and tension of the rope being winded. Ladder logic is used to program the PLC.
Study on AC loss measurements of HTS power cable for standardizing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mukoyama, Shinichi; Amemiya, Naoyuki; Watanabe, Kazuo; Iijima, Yasuhiro; Mido, Nobuhiro; Masuda, Takao; Morimura, Toshiya; Oya, Masayoshi; Nakano, Tetsutaro; Yamamoto, Kiyoshi
2017-09-01
High-temperature superconducting power cables (HTS cables) have been developed for more than 20 years. In addition of the cable developments, the test methods of the HTS cables have been discussed and proposed in many laboratories and companies. Recently the test methods of the HTS cables is required to standardize and to common in the world. CIGRE made the working group (B1-31) for the discussion of the test methods of the HTS cables as a power cable, and published the recommendation of the test method. Additionally, IEC TC20 submitted the New Work Item Proposal (NP) based on the recommendation of CIGRE this year, IEC TC20 and IEC TC90 started the standardization work on Testing of HTS AC cables. However, the individual test method that used to measure a performance of HTS cables hasn’t been established as world’s common methods. The AC loss is one of the most important properties to disseminate low loss and economical efficient HTS cables in the world. We regard to establish the method of the AC loss measurements in rational and in high accuracy. Japan is at a leading position in the AC loss study, because Japanese researchers have studied on the AC loss technically and scientifically, and also developed the effective technologies for the AC loss reduction. The JP domestic commission of TC90 made a working team to discussion the methods of the AC loss measurements for aiming an international standard finally. This paper reports about the AC loss measurement of two type of the HTS conductors, such as a HTS conductor without a HTS shield and a HTS conductor with a HTS shield. The AC loss measurement method is suggested by the electrical method..
Numerical minimization of AC losses in coaxial coated conductor cables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rostila, L.; Suuriniemi, S.; Lehtonen, J.; Grasso, G.
2010-02-01
Power cables are one of the most promising applications for the superconducting coated conductors. In the AC use, only small resistive loss is generated, but the removal of the dissipated heat from the cryostat is inefficient due to the large temperature difference. The aim of this work is to minimize the AC losses in a multilayer coaxial cable, in which the tapes form current carrying cylinders. The optimized parameters are the tape numbers and lay angles in these cylinders. This work shows how to cope with the mechanical constraints for the lay angles and discrete tape number in optimization. Three common types of coaxial cables are studied here to demonstrate the feasibility of optimization, in which the AC losses were computed with a circuit analysis model formulated here for arbitrary phase currents, number of phases, and layers. Because the current sharing is practically determined by the inductances of the layers, the optima were obtained much faster by neglecting the nonlinear resistances caused by the AC losses. In addition, the example calculations show that the optimal cable structure do not usually depend on the AC loss model for the individual tapes. On the other hand, depending on the cable type, the losses of the optimized cables may be sensitive to the lay angles, and therefore, we recommend to study the sensitivity for the new cable designs individually.
Roebel assembled coated conductor cables (RACC): Ac-Losses and current carrying potential
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Frank, A.; Heller, R.; Goldacker, W.; Kling, A.; Schmidt, C.
2008-02-01
Low ac-loss HTS cables for transport currents well above 1 kA are required for application in transformers and generators and are taken into consideration for future generations of fusion reactor coils. Coated conductors (CC) are suitable candidates for high field application at an operation temperature in the range 50-77 K. Ac-field applications require cables with low ac-losses and hence twisting of the individual strands. We solved this problem using the Roebel technique. Short lengths of Roebel bar cables were prepared from industrial DyBCO and YBCO-CC. Meander shaped tapes of 4 or 5 mm width with twist pitches of 123 or 127 mm were cut from the 10 or 12 mm wide CC tapes using a specially designed tool. Eleven or twelve of these strands were assembled to a cable. The electrical and mechanical connection of the tapes was achieved using a silver powder filled conductive epoxy resin. Ac-losses of a short sample in an external ac-field were measured as a function of frequency and field amplitude as well as the coupling current decay time constant. We discuss the results in terms of available theories and compare measured time constants in transverse field with measured coupling losses. Finally the potential of this cable type for ac-use is discussed with respect to ac-losses and current carrying capability.
Properties of plastic tapes for cryogenic power cable insulation
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Muller, A C
1978-01-01
A superconducting ac power transmission cable is under development at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This project was undertaken in 1972 in response to growing national power requirements. The goal of this program is to develop an underground power transmission system suitable for transferring bulk quantities of electricity over distances of 16 to 160 km. Both the capital investment and operating costs must be low enough to make the system attractive to the electric utilities. The superconducting cable shares the advantages with conventional underground cables of needing only a few feet of right-of-way width rather than the large tracts of increasinglymore » expensive land required for conventional aerial transmission. Recent cost analysis studies show that superconducting cables, although more expensive than aerial transmission, will probably be competitive with other methods of underground transmission at loads greater than 2000 MVA. Initial design studies showed that a flexible, forced-cooled cable offered the best combination of technical and economic features. A helium cooled cable with Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductor was chosen as the BNL design. The present goal of the BNL program is the construction of a 100 meter outdoor three-phase ac cable rated at 138 kV and 1000 MVA. The refrigerator and the 100 m-long dewar are already installed. Terminations and cables are under design, and it is planned to begin installation of the first single phase cable in 1979. If the results on this model show promise for eventual commercial use, cables of higher voltage and power rating will be developed. One fundamental phase of this project; the development of the required insulating materials, is described.« less
AC losses and stability on large cable-in-conduit superconductors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bruzzone, Pierluigi
1998-12-01
The cable-in-conduit superconductors are preferred for applications where the AC losses and stability are a major concern, e.g., fusion magnets and SMES. A review of coupling currents loss results for both NbTi and Nb 3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) is presented and the AC loss relevant features are listed, with special emphasis for the role of the interstrand resistance and strand coating. The transient stability approach for CICCs is discussed and the analytical models are quoted as well as the relevant experimental database. The likely spectrum of transient disturbance in CICC is reviewed and the need to account for interstrand current sharing in the design is outlined. Eventually a practical criterion for the interstrand resistance is proposed to link the stability and AC loss design.
Detail of the underground wire net mat and cable at ...
Detail of the underground wire net mat and cable at the base of a 94' low-band reflector screen pole, view facing north - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Naval Radio Station, AF/FRD-10 Circularly Disposed Antenna Array, Wahiawa, Honolulu County, HI
Models for electromagnetic coupling of lightning onto multiconductor cables in underground cavities
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Higgins, Matthew Benjamin
This dissertation documents the measurements, analytical modeling, and numerical modeling of electromagnetic transfer functions to quantify the ability of cloud-to-ground lightning strokes (including horizontal arc-channel components) to couple electromagnetic energy onto multiconductor cables in an underground cavity. Measurements were performed at the Sago coal mine located near Buckhannon, WV. These transfer functions, coupled with mathematical representations of lightning strokes, are then used to predict electric fields within the mine and induced voltages on a cable that was left abandoned in the sealed area of the Sago mine. If voltages reached high enough levels, electrical arcing could have occurred from the abandoned cable. Electrical arcing is known to be an effective ignition source for explosive gas mixtures. Two coupling mechanisms were measured: direct and indirect drive. Direct coupling results from the injection or induction of lightning current onto metallic conductors such as the conveyors, rails, trolley communications cable, and AC power shields that connect from the outside of the mine to locations deep within the mine. Indirect coupling results from electromagnetic field propagation through the earth as a result of a cloud-to-ground lightning stroke or a long, low-altitude horizontal current channel from a cloud-to-ground stroke. Unlike direct coupling, indirect coupling does not require metallic conductors in a continuous path from the surface to areas internal to the mine. Results from the indirect coupling measurements and analysis are of great concern. The field measurements, modeling, and analysis indicate that significant energy can be coupled directly into the sealed area of the mine. Due to the relatively low frequency content of lightning (< 100 kHz), electromagnetic energy can readily propagate through hundreds of feet of earth. Indirect transfer function measurements compare extremely well with analytical and computational models
Calculation of AC loss in two-layer superconducting cable with equal currents in the layers
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Erdogan, Muzaffer
2016-12-01
A new method for calculating AC loss of two-layer SC power transmission cables using the commercial software Comsol Multiphysics, relying on the approach of the equal partition of current between the layers is proposed. Applying the method to calculate the AC-loss in a cable composed of two coaxial cylindrical SC tubes, the results are in good agreement with the analytical ones of duoblock model. Applying the method to calculate the AC-losses of a cable composed of a cylindrical copper former, surrounded by two coaxial cylindrical layers of superconducting tapes embedded in an insulating medium with tape-on-tape and tape-on-gap configurations are compared. A good agreement between the duoblock model and the numerical results for the tape-on-gap cable is observed.
Design versions of HTS three-phase cables with the minimized value of AC losses
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Altov, V. A.; Balashov, N. N.; Degtyarenko, P. N.; Ivanov, S. S.; Kopylov, S. I.; Lipa, DA; Samoilenkov, S. V.; Sytnikov, V. E.; Zheltov, V. V.
2018-03-01
Design versions of HTS three-phase cables consisting of 2G HTS tapes have been investigated by the numerical simulation method with the aim of AC losses minimization. Two design versions of cables with the coaxial and extended rectangular cross-section shape are considered – the non-sectioned and sectioned one. In the latter each cable phase consists of sections connected in parallel. The optimal dimensions of sections and order of their alteration are chosen by appropriate calculations. The model used takes into account the current distribution between the sections and its non-uniformity within each single HTS tape as well. The following characteristics are varied: design version, dimension, positioning of extra copper layer in a cable, design of HTS tapes themselves and their mutual position. The dependence of AC losses on the latter two characteristics is considered in details, and the examples of cable designs optimized by the total set of characteristics for the medium class of voltages (10 – 60 kV) are given. At the critical current JC=5.1 кA per phase and current amplitudes lower than 0.85JC, the level of total AC losses does not exceed the natural cryostat heat losses.
Determination of ac conductor and pipe loss in pipe-type cable systems. Final report
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Silver, D.A.; Seman, G.W.
1982-02-01
The results are presented of investigations into the determination of the ac/dc resistance ratios of high and extra high voltage pipe-type cables with conventional and large size segmental conductors in carbon steel, stainless steel and aluminum pipes in three cable per pipe and single cable per pipe configurations. The measurements included 115 through 765 kV cables with copper, enamel coated copper, and aluminum conductors in sizes of 2000 kcmil (1015 mm/sup 2/), 3250 kcmil (1650 mm/sup 2/), and 3500 kcmil (1776 mm/sup 2/). Calculations using presently available techniques were employed to provide correlation between measured and calculated values in bothmore » magnetic and non-magnetic pipes. In addition, a number of new techniques in conductor construction, pipe material and pipe liners and cable wraps were investigated as means of decreasing the ac/dc resistance ratios of pipe-type cables. Finally, the various systems studied were compared on the basis of system MVA rating and by evaluation of installed and overall operating costs as compared to conventional three cable per pipe systems installed in carbon steel pipes.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Speece, M. A.; Nesladek, N. J.; Kammerer, C.; Maclaughlin, M.; Wang, H. F.; Lord, N. E.
2017-12-01
We conducted experiments in the Underground Education Mining Center on the Montana Tech campus, Butte, Montana, to make a direct comparison between Digital Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and three-component geophones in a mining setting. The sources used for this project where a vertical sledgehammer, oriented shear sledgehammer, and blasting caps set off in both unstemmed and stemmed drillholes. Three-component Geospace 20DM geophones were compared with three different types of fiber-optic cable: (1) Brugg strain, (2) Brugg temperature, and (3) Optical Cable Corporation strain. We attached geophones to the underground mine walls and on the ground surface above the mine. We attached fiber-optic cables to the mine walls and placed fiber-optic cable in boreholes drilled through an underground pillar. In addition, we placed fiber-optic cables in a shallow trench at the surface of the mine. We converted the DAS recordings from strain rate to strain prior to comparison with the geophone data. The setup of the DAS system for this project led to a previously unknown triggering problem that compromised the early samples of the DAS traces often including the first-break times on the DAS records. Geophones clearly recorded the explosives; however, the large amount of energy and its close distance from the fiber-optic cables seemed to compromise the entire fiber loop. The underground hammer sources produced a rough match between the DAS records and the geophone records. However, the sources on the surface of the mine, specifically the sources oriented inline with the fiber-optic cables, produced a close match between the fiber-optic traces and the geophone traces. All three types of fiber-optic cable that were in the mine produced similar results, and one type did not clearly outperform the others. Instead, the coupling of the cable to rock appears to be the most important factor determining DAS data quality. Moreover, we observed the importance of coupling in the boreholes, where
Ac-loss measurement of a DyBCO-Roebel assembled coated conductor cable (RACC)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schuller, S.; Goldacker, W.; Kling, A.; Krempasky, L.; Schmidt, C.
2007-10-01
Low ac-loss HTS cables for transport currents well above 1 kA are required for application in transformers and generators and are taken into consideration for future generations of fusion reactor coils. Coated conductors (CC) are suitable candidates for high field application at an operation temperature around 50-77 K, which is a crucial precondition for economical cooling costs. We prepared a short length of a Roebel bar cable made of industrial DyBCO coated conductor (Theva Company, Germany). Meander shaped tapes of 4 mm width with a twist pitch of 122 mm were cut from 10 mm wide CC tapes using a specially designed tool. Eleven of these strands were assembled to a cable. The electrical and mechanical connection of the tapes was achieved using a silver powder filled conductive epoxy resin. Ac-losses of a short sample in an external ac field were measured as a function of frequency and field amplitude in transverse and parallel field orientations. In addition, the coupling current time constant of the sample was directly measured.
Investigation of heating of 150 kV underground cable line for various conditions of laying
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kukharchuk, I. B.; Kazakov, A. V.; Trufanova, N. M.
2018-03-01
The work is devoted to study of temperature operation of a 150 kV underground cable line with XLPE insulation. The stationary thermal conditions were calculated. The influence of outer boundary radius selection on the temperature distribution was analyzed. The limiting value of the filling mixture thermal conductivity was found, which provides an acceptable temperature of the cable.
Optimization Research on Ampacity of Underground High Voltage Cable Based on Interior Point Method
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Huang, Feng; Li, Jing
2017-12-01
The conservative operation method which takes unified current-carrying capacity as maximum load current can’t make full use of the overall power transmission capacity of the cable. It’s not the optimal operation state for the cable cluster. In order to improve the transmission capacity of underground cables in cluster, this paper regards the maximum overall load current as the objective function and the temperature of any cables lower than maximum permissible temperature as constraint condition. The interior point method which is very effective for nonlinear problem is put forward to solve the extreme value of the problem and determine the optimal operating current of each loop. The results show that the optimal solutions obtained with the purposed method is able to increase the total load current about 5%. It greatly improves the economic performance of the cable cluster.
Review of fire test methods and incident data for portable electric cables in underground coal mines
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Braun, E.
1981-06-01
Electrically powered underground coal mining machinery is connected to a load center or distribution box by electric cables. The connecting cables used on mobile machines are required to meet fire performance requirements defined in the Code of Federal Regulations. This report reviews Mine Safety and Health Administration's (MSHA) current test method and compares it to British practices. Incident data for fires caused by trailing cable failures and splice failures were also reviewed. It was found that the MSHA test method is more severe than the British but that neither evaluated grouped cable fire performance. The incident data indicated that the grouped configuration of cables on a reel accounted for a majority of the fires since 1970.
Protective and control relays as coal-mine power-supply ACS subsystem
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kostin, V. N.; Minakova, T. E.
2017-10-01
The paper presents instantaneous selective short-circuit protection for the cabling of the underground part of a coal mine and central control algorithms as a Coal-Mine Power-Supply ACS Subsystem. In order to improve the reliability of electricity supply and reduce the mining equipment down-time, a dual channel relay protection and central control system is proposed as a subsystem of the coal-mine power-supply automated control system (PS ACS).
30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...
30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...
30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...
30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...
30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...
30 CFR 77.601 - Trailing cables or portable cables; temporary splices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cables or portable cables; temporary... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.601 Trailing cables or portable cables; temporary splices. Temporary splices in trailing cables or portable cables shall be made in a workmanlike manner and...
30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and...
Fiber optic cables for severe environment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Massarani, M. G.
1982-10-01
The most severe challenges to the fiber optic cable are related to nuclear weapons testing and other military applications. Nuclear experiments are conducted in deep underground holes. Cables connect the experimental device to recording stations positioned at a certain distance from ground zero. Attractive features provided by fiber optic cable technology include large cost advantages in cable purchase price, savings in handling cost due to the lighter weight, immunity to electromagnetic pulses (EMP), and the capability to transmit high data rates. Details of underground nuclear testing are discussed, taking into account the underground nuclear test environment, and questions of fiber optic cable design for the underground experiments. The use of fiber optics for the Ground Launched Cruise Missile Weapons System (GLCM) is also considered. Attention is given to the GLCM environment, and the proposed cable for GLCM application.
47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...
47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...
47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...
47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...
47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...
Development of a single-phase 30 m HTS power cable
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cho, Jeonwook; Bae, Joon-Han; Kim, Hae-Jong; Sim, Ki-Deok; Kim, Seokho; Jang, Hyun-Man; Lee, Chang-Young; Kim, Dong-Wook
2006-05-01
HTS power transmission cables appear to be the replacement and retrofitting of underground cables in urban areas and HTS power transmission cable offers a number of technical and economic merits compared to the normal conductor cable system. A 30 m long, single-phase 22.9 kV class HTS power transmission cable system has been developed by Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), LS Cable Ltd., and Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), which is one of the 21st century frontier project in Korea since 2001. The HTS power cable has been developed, cooled down and tested to obtain realistic thermal and electrical data on HTS power cable system. The evaluation results clarified such good performance of HTS cable that DC critical current of the HTS cable was 3.6 kA and AC loss was 0.98 W/m at 1260 Arms and shield current was 1000 Arms. These results proved the basic properties for 22.9 kV HTS power cable. As a next step, we have been developing a 30 m, three-phase 22.9 kV, 50 MV A HTS power cable system and long term evaluation is in progress now.
75 FR 41890 - In the Matter of Certain Underground Cable and Pipe Locators; Notice of Investigation
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-19
... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Inv. No. 337-TA-727] In the Matter of Certain Underground Cable and Pipe Locators; Notice of Investigation AGENCY: U.S. International Trade Commission. ACTION... filed with the U.S. International Trade Commission on June 10, 2010, under section 337 of the Tariff Act...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ta, Wurui; Shao, Tianchong; Gao, Yuanwen
2018-04-01
High-temperature superconductor (HTS) rare-earth-barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) tapes are very promising for use in high-current cables. The cable geometry and the layout of the superconducting tapes are directly related to the performance of the HTS cable. In this paper, we use numerical methods to perform a comparison study of multiple-stage twisted stacked-tape cable (TSTC) conductors to find better cable structures that can both improve the critical current and minimize the alternating current (AC) losses of the cable. The sub-cable geometry is designed to have a stair-step shape. Three superconducting tape layouts are chosen and their transport performance and AC losses are evaluated. The magnetic field and current density profiles of the cables are obtained. The results show that arrangement of the superconducting tapes from the interior towards the exterior of the cable based on their critical current values in descending order can enhance the cable's transport capacity while significantly reducing the AC losses. These results imply that cable transport capacity improvements can be achieved by arranging the superconducting tapes in a manner consistent with the electromagnetic field distribution. Through comparison of the critical currents and AC losses of four types of HTS cables, we determine the best structural choice among these cables.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, Xiang; serhir, mohammed; kameni, abelin; lambert, marc; pichon, lionel
2016-04-01
For a company like Electricity De France (EDF), being able to detect accurately using non-destructive methods the position of the buried junction between two underground cables is a crucial issue. The junction is the linking part where most maintenance operations are carried out. The challenge of this work is to conduct a feasibility study to confirm or deny the relevance of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to detect these buried junctions in their actual environment against clutter. Indeed, the cables are buried in inhomogeneous medium at around 80cm deep. To do this, the study is conducted in a numerical environment. We use the 3D simulation software CST MWS to model a GPR scenario. In this simulation, we place the already optimized bowtie antennas operating in the frequency band [0.5 GHz - 3 GHz] in front of wet soil (dispersive) and dry soil where the underground cable is placed at 80cm deep. We collect the amplitude and phase of the reflected waves in order to detect the contrast provoked by the geometric dimensions variation of the cable [1] (diameter of the cable is 48mm and the diameter of the junction 74mm). The use of an ultra-wideband antenna is necessary to reconcile resolution and penetration of electromagnetic waves in the medium to be characterized. We focus on the performance of the GPR method according to the characteristics of the surrounding medium in which the electric cables are buried, the polarization of the Tx and Rx antennas. The experimental measurement collected in the EDF site will be presented. The measured data are processed using the clutter reduction method based on digital filtering [2]. We aim at showing that using the developed bowtie antennas that the GPR technique is well adapted for the cable junction localization even in cluttered environment. References [1] D. J. Daniels, "Surface-Penetrating Radar", London, IEE 1996. [2] Potin, D.; Duflos, E.; Vanheeghe, P., "Landmines Ground-Penetrating Radar Signal Enhancement by Digital
30 CFR 75.816 - Guarding of cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Underground High-Voltage Distribution High-Voltage Longwalls § 75.816 Guarding of cables. (a) High-voltage cables must be guarded at the following locations...
30 CFR 75.817 - Cable handling and support systems.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Underground High-Voltage Distribution High-Voltage Longwalls § 75.817 Cable handling and support systems. Longwall mining equipment must be... the possibility of miners contacting the cables and to protect the high-voltage cables from damage. ...
Development of Integrated Assessment System for Underground Power Cable Performance: A Case Study
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Turan, Faiz Mohd; Johan, Kartina; Soliha Sahimi, Nur; Nor, Nik Hisyamudin Muhd
2017-08-01
of studies involve Company M which is an agriculture industries which has higher usage on their own underground power cable. Moreover, in the past history the company experienced electrical power failure and this studies and findings will definitely come in hand to provide them necessary help and benefits.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-12-29
... to review initial determinations (``IDs'') (Order Nos. 5 and 6) terminating the investigation based... underground cable and pipe locators that infringe certain claims of U.S. Patent No. 6,268,731. The complaint... response in support of the motions to terminate. On December 1, 2010, the ALJ issued Order Nos. 5 and 6...
Water-Tree Modelling and Detection for Underground Cables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Qi
In recent years, aging infrastructure has become a major concern for the power industry. Since its inception in early 20th century, the electrical system has been the cornerstone of an industrial society. Stable and uninterrupted delivery of electrical power is now a base necessity for the modern world. As the times march-on, however, the electrical infrastructure ages and there is the inevitable need to renew and replace the existing system. Unfortunately, due to time and financial constraints, many electrical systems today are forced to operate beyond their original design and power utilities must find ways to prolong the lifespan of older equipment. Thus, the concept of preventative maintenance arises. Preventative maintenance allows old equipment to operate longer and at better efficiency, but in order to implement preventative maintenance, the operators must know minute details of the electrical system, especially some of the harder to assess issues such water-tree. Water-tree induced insulation degradation is a problem typically associated with older cable systems. It is a very high impedance phenomenon and it is difficult to detect using traditional methods such as Tan-Delta or Partial Discharge. The proposed dissertation studies water-tree development in underground cables, potential methods to detect water-tree location and water-tree severity estimation. The dissertation begins by developing mathematical models of water-tree using finite element analysis. The method focuses on surface-originated vented tree, the most prominent type of water-tree fault in the field. Using the standard operation parameters of North American electrical systems, the water-tree boundary conditions are defined. By applying finite element analysis technique, the complex water-tree structure is broken down to homogeneous components. The result is a generalized representation of water-tree capacitance at different stages of development. The result from the finite element analysis
Bunch, K J; Swanson, J; Vincent, T J; Murphy, M F G
2015-09-01
Epidemiological evidence of increased risks for childhood leukaemia from magnetic fields has implicated, as one source of such fields, high-voltage overhead lines. Magnetic fields are not the only factor that varies in their vicinity, complicating interpretation of any associations. Underground cables (UGCs), however, produce magnetic fields but have no other discernible effects in their vicinity. We report here the largest ever epidemiological study of high voltage UGCs, based on 52,525 cases occurring from 1962-2008, with matched birth controls. We calculated the distance of the mother's address at child's birth to the closest 275 or 400 kV ac or high-voltage dc UGC in England and Wales and the resulting magnetic fields. Few people are exposed to magnetic fields from UGCs limiting the statistical power. We found no indications of an association of risk with distance or of trend in risk with increasing magnetic field for leukaemia, and no convincing pattern of risks for any other cancer. Trend estimates for leukaemia as shown by the odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) per unit increase in exposure were: reciprocal of distance 0.99 (0.95-1.03), magnetic field 1.01 (0.76-1.33). The absence of risk detected in relation to UGCs tends to add to the argument that any risks from overhead lines may not be caused by magnetic fields.
30 CFR 75.602 - Trailing cable junctions.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cable junctions. 75.602 Section 75.602... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.602 Trailing cable junctions. [Statutory Provision] When two or more trailing cables junction to the same distribution center, means shall...
30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...
30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...
30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...
30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...
30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...
First AC loss test and analysis of a Bi2212 cable-in-conduit conductor for fusion application
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Qin, Jinggang; Shi, Yi; Wu, Yu; Li, Jiangang; Wang, Qiuliang; He, Yuxiang; Dai, Chao; Liu, Fang; Liu, Huajun; Mao, Zhehua; Nijhuis, Arend; Zhou, Chao; Devred, Arnaud
2018-01-01
The main goal of the Chinese fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) is to build a fusion engineering tokamak reactor with a fusion power of 50-200 MW, and plan to test the breeding tritium during the fusion reaction. This may require a maximum magnetic field of the central solenoid and toroidal field coils up to 15 T. New magnet technologies should be developed for the next generation of fusion reactors with higher requirements. Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi2212) is considered as a potential and promising superconductor for the magnets in the CFETR. R&D activities are ongoing at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for demonstration of the feasibility of a CICC based on Bi2212 round wire. One sub-size conductor cabled with 42 wires was designed, manufactured and tested with limited strand indentation during cabling and good transport performance. In this paper, the first test results and analysis on the AC loss of Bi2212 round wires and cabled conductor samples are presented. Furthermore, the impact of mechanical load on the AC loss of the sub-size conductor is investigated to represent the operation conditions with electromagnetic loads. The first tests provide an essential basis for the validation of Bi2212 CICC and its application in fusion magnets.
30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... cable reel or other power feed cable payout-retrieval system. However, a temporary splice may be made to... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent...
30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... cable reel or other power feed cable payout-retrieval system. However, a temporary splice may be made to... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent...
30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... cable reel or other power feed cable payout-retrieval system. However, a temporary splice may be made to... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent...
30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... cable reel or other power feed cable payout-retrieval system. However, a temporary splice may be made to... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent...
30 CFR 75.600 - Trailing cables; flame resistance.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cables; flame resistance. 75.600... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.600 Trailing cables; flame resistance. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables used in coal mines shall meet the...
30 CFR 75.606 - Protection of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of trailing cables. 75.606 Section... AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.606 Protection of trailing cables. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables shall be adequately protected to prevent damage by...
30 CFR 75.604 - Permanent splicing of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Permanent splicing of trailing cables. 75.604... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.604 Permanent splicing of trailing cables. [Statutory Provisions] When permanent splices in trailing cables are made...
30 CFR 57.12003 - Trailing cable overload protection.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cable overload protection. 57.12003... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12003 Trailing cable overload protection. Individual overload protection or short circuit protection shall be provided for the trailing cables of mobile equipment. ...
30 CFR 75.603 - Temporary splice of trailing cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Temporary splice of trailing cable. 75.603... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.603 Temporary splice of trailing cable. [Statutory Provision] One temporary splice may be made in any trailing cable...
30 CFR 57.12038 - Attachment of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Attachment of trailing cables. 57.12038 Section 57.12038 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12038 Attachment of trailing cables. Trailing cables shall be...
30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent, shall be made in a trailing cable within 25 feet of the machine unless the machine is equipped with a...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Šouc, J.; Vojenčiak, M.; Gömöry, F.
2010-04-01
Several short cable models were constructed from YBCO coated conductor (YBCO CC) to study their basic dc and ac electrical properties. They were prepared using superconducting tapes helically wound on fiberglass former of different diameter (5, 8 and 10 mm) with different twist pitch (from 1.7 up to 2.4 cm). The number of parallel-connected tapes ranged from 1 up to 6. The standard length of the models was 11 cm. In one case a 35 cm long model has been manufactured in order to perform a bending test. We observed that the critical currents of the models were proportional to the number of tapes used for their construction. Transport and magnetization ac loss were measured at 36 and 72 Hz.
30 CFR 75.601 - Short circuit protection of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Short circuit protection of trailing cables. 75... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.601 Short circuit protection of trailing cables. [Statutory Provisions] Short circuit protection for trailing cables...
30 CFR 75.605 - Clamping of trailing cables to equipment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Clamping of trailing cables to equipment. 75... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.605 Clamping of trailing cables to equipment. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables shall be clamped to...
30 CFR 77.603 - Clamping of trailing cables to equipment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Clamping of trailing cables to equipment. 77.603 Section 77.603 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL... UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.603 Clamping of trailing cables to equipment. Trailing cables...
Frequency dependence of magnetic ac loss in a Roebel cable made of YBCO on a Ni-W substrate
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lakshmi, L. S.; Staines, M. P.; Badcock, R. A.; Long, N. J.; Majoros, M.; Collings, E. W.; Sumption, M. D.
2010-08-01
We have investigated the frequency dependent contributions to the magnetic ac loss in a 10 strand Roebel cable with 2 mm wide non-insulated strands and a transposition length of 90 mm. This cable is made from 40 mm wide YBCO coated conductor tape manufactured by AMSC and stabilized by electroplating 25 µm thick copper on either side prior to the mechanical punching of the cable strands. The measurements were carried out in both perpendicular and parallel field orientation, at frequencies in the range of 30-200 Hz. While the loss in the perpendicular orientation is predominantly hysteretic in nature, we observe some frequency dependence of the loss when the cable approaches full flux penetration at high field amplitudes. The magnitude is consistent with eddy current losses in the copper stabilization layer. This supports the fact that the inter-strand coupling loss is not significant in this frequency range. In the parallel field orientation, the hysteresis loss in the Ni-W alloy substrate dominates, but we see an unusually strong frequency dependent contribution to the loss which we attribute to intra-strand current loops.
30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... capacity in each ungrounded conductor. Disconnecting devices used to disconnect power from trailing cables... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection...
30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... capacity in each ungrounded conductor. Disconnecting devices used to disconnect power from trailing cables... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection...
30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... capacity in each ungrounded conductor. Disconnecting devices used to disconnect power from trailing cables... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection...
30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... capacity in each ungrounded conductor. Disconnecting devices used to disconnect power from trailing cables... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection...
30 CFR 57.12039 - Protection of surplus trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of surplus trailing cables. 57.12039 Section 57.12039 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12039 Protection of surplus trailing cables. Surplus trailing cables...
30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices. Short-circuit protection for trailing cables shall be provided by an automatic circuit...
Life cycle assessment of overhead and underground primary power distribution.
Bumby, Sarah; Druzhinina, Ekaterina; Feraldi, Rebe; Werthmann, Danae; Geyer, Roland; Sahl, Jack
2010-07-15
Electrical power can be distributed in overhead or underground systems, both of which generate a variety of environmental impacts at all stages of their life cycles. While there is considerable literature discussing the trade-offs between both systems in terms of aesthetics, safety, cost, and reliability, environmental assessments are relatively rare and limited to power cable production and end-of-life management. This paper assesses environmental impacts from overhead and underground medium voltage power distribution systems as they are currently built and managed by Southern California Edison (SCE). It uses process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) according to ISO 14044 (2006) and SCE-specific primary data to the extent possible. Potential environmental impacts have been calculated using a wide range of midpoint indicators, and robustness of the results has been investigated through sensitivity analysis of the most uncertain and potentially significant parameters. The studied underground system has higher environmental impacts in all indicators and for all parameter values, mostly due to its higher material intensity. For both systems and all indicators the majority of impact occurs during cable production. Promising strategies for impact reduction are thus cable failure rate reduction for overhead and cable lifetime extension for underground systems.
Testing of a 1.25-m HTS Cable Made from YBCO Tapes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gouge, M. J.; Lue, J. W.; Demko, J. A.; Duckworth, R. C.; Fisher, P. W.; Daumling, M.; Lindsay, D. T.; Roden, M. L.; Tolbert, J. C.
2004-06-01
Ultera and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have jointly designed, built, and tested a 1.25-m-long, prototype high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable made from 1-cm-wide, second-generation YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO)-coated conductor tapes. Electrical tests of this cable were performed in boiling liquid nitrogen at 77 K. DC testing of the 1.25-m cable included determination of the V-I curve, with a critical current of 4200 A. This was consistent with the properties of the 24 individual YBCO tapes. AC testing of the cable was conducted at currents up to 2500 Arms. The ac losses were measured calorimetrically by measuring the response of a calibrated temperature sensor placed on the former and electrically by use of a Rogowski coil with a lock-in amplifier. AC losses of about 2 W/m were measured at a cable ac current of 2000 Arms. Overcurrent testing was conducted at peak current values up to 12 kA for pulse lengths of 0.1-0.2 s. The cable temperature increased to 105 K for a 12 kA, 0.2 s overcurrent pulse, and the cable showed no degradation after the sequence of overcurrent testing. This commercial-grade HTS cable demonstrated the feasibility of second-generation YBCO tapes in an ac cable application.
Power superconducting power transmission cable
Ashworth, Stephen P.
2003-06-10
The present invention is for a compact superconducting power transmission cable operating at distribution level voltages. The superconducting cable is a conductor with a number of tapes assembled into a subconductor. These conductors are then mounted co-planarly in an elongated dielectric to produce a 3-phase cable. The arrangement increases the magnetic field parallel to the tapes thereby reducing ac losses.
Power superconducting power transmission cable
Ashworth, Stephen P.
2003-01-01
The present invention is for a compact superconducting power transmission cable operating at distribution level voltages. The superconducting cable is a conductor with a number of tapes assembled into a subconductor. These conductors are then mounted co-planarly in an elongated dielectric to produce a 3-phase cable. The arrangement increases the magnetic field parallel to the tapes thereby reducing ac losses.
47 CFR 36.153 - Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF... Telecommunications Property Cable and Wire Facilities § 36.153 Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories. (a) Cable consists of: Aerial cable, underground cable, buried cable, submarine cable, deep sea...
47 CFR 36.153 - Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF... Telecommunications Property Cable and Wire Facilities § 36.153 Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories. (a) Cable consists of: Aerial cable, underground cable, buried cable, submarine cable, deep sea...
47 CFR 36.153 - Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF... Telecommunications Property Cable and Wire Facilities § 36.153 Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories. (a) Cable consists of: Aerial cable, underground cable, buried cable, submarine cable, deep sea...
30 CFR 75.822 - Underground high-voltage longwall cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... be a type SHD cable with a center ground-check conductor no smaller than a No. 16 AWG stranded conductor. The cables must be MSHA accepted as flame-resistant under part 18 or approved under subpart K of...
30 CFR 75.822 - Underground high-voltage longwall cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... be a type SHD cable with a center ground-check conductor no smaller than a No. 16 AWG stranded conductor. The cables must be MSHA accepted as flame-resistant under part 18 or approved under subpart K of...
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hartlein, Rick; Hampton, Nigel; Perkel, Josh
2016-02-01
The Cable Diagnostic Focused Initiative (CDFI) played a significant and powerful role in clarifying the concerns and understanding the benefits of performing diagnostic tests on underground power cable systems. This project focused on the medium and high voltage cable systems used in utility transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. While many of the analysis techniques and interpretations are applicable to diagnostics and cable systems outside of T&D, areas such as generating stations (nuclear, coal, wind, etc.) and other industrial environments were not the focus. Many large utilities in North America now deploy diagnostics or have changed their diagnostic testing approach asmore » a result of this project. Previous to the CDFI, different diagnostic technology providers individually promoted their approach as the “the best” or “the only” means of detecting cable system defects.« less
30 CFR 75.601 - Short circuit protection of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... to disconnect power from trailing cables shall be plainly marked and identified and such devices... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Short circuit protection of trailing cables. 75... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.601 Short...
30 CFR 75.601 - Short circuit protection of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... to disconnect power from trailing cables shall be plainly marked and identified and such devices... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Short circuit protection of trailing cables. 75... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.601 Short...
30 CFR 75.601 - Short circuit protection of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... to disconnect power from trailing cables shall be plainly marked and identified and such devices... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Short circuit protection of trailing cables. 75... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.601 Short...
30 CFR 75.601 - Short circuit protection of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... to disconnect power from trailing cables shall be plainly marked and identified and such devices... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Short circuit protection of trailing cables. 75... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.601 Short...
30 CFR 57.12013 - Splices and repairs of power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Splices and repairs of power cables. 57.12013... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12013 Splices and repairs of power cables. Permanent splices and repairs made in power cables, including the ground conductor where provided, shall be— (a) Mechanically...
30 CFR 57.12013 - Splices and repairs of power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Splices and repairs of power cables. 57.12013... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12013 Splices and repairs of power cables. Permanent splices and repairs made in power cables, including the ground conductor where provided, shall be— (a) Mechanically...
30 CFR 57.12013 - Splices and repairs of power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Splices and repairs of power cables. 57.12013... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12013 Splices and repairs of power cables. Permanent splices and repairs made in power cables, including the ground conductor where provided, shall be— (a) Mechanically...
30 CFR 57.12013 - Splices and repairs of power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Splices and repairs of power cables. 57.12013... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12013 Splices and repairs of power cables. Permanent splices and repairs made in power cables, including the ground conductor where provided, shall be— (a) Mechanically...
30 CFR 57.12013 - Splices and repairs of power cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Splices and repairs of power cables. 57.12013... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12013 Splices and repairs of power cables. Permanent splices and repairs made in power cables, including the ground conductor where provided, shall be— (a) Mechanically...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ishihara, Kaoru; Akita, Shige; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Ogata, Junichi; Nemoto, Minoru
1987-08-01
Cryo-resistive cable system was tested to demonstrate dielectric characteristics. Dielectric characteristics of 66kV cryo-resistive cable at the start of immersion cooling in the liquid nitrogen were 2.25 specific dielectric constant and 0.18 percent dielectric loss which was less than 0.4 percent , the aimed value. Electrostatic capacity and dielectric loss tangent of dielectric characteristics under the applied voltage did not depend on the voltage and the dielectric loss was less than 0.4 percent through the temperature range from -170 to -190C. These values fulfilled the specifications on 275kV class cryo-resistive cable design. The tested cable passed the cable test on 66kV oil-filled cable (ac 90kV, 10 min), but broken down at ac 110kV on the way to endurance testing voltage 130kV. The breakdown occurred due to the mechanical damage of cable insulator by bending and thermal contraction of the cable. It is necessary from these facts to develop flexible cable terminal and joint which can absorb the contraction to realize 275kV cryo-resistive cable. (19 figs, 7 tabs, 15 refs).
30 CFR 77.804 - High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.804 High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements. (a) High-voltage trailing cables used in resistance grounded systems shall be...
30 CFR 77.804 - High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.804 High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements. (a) High-voltage trailing cables used in resistance grounded systems shall be...
30 CFR 77.804 - High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.804 High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements. (a) High-voltage trailing cables used in resistance grounded systems shall be...
30 CFR 77.804 - High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.804 High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements. (a) High-voltage trailing cables used in resistance grounded systems shall be...
47 CFR 15.213 - Cable locating equipment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
...: Within the frequency band 9 kHz, up to, but not including, 45 kHz, the peak output power from the cable... output power from the cable locating equipment shall not exceed one watt. If provisions are made for connection of the cable locating equipment to the AC power lines, the conducted limits in § 15.207 also apply...
47 CFR 15.213 - Cable locating equipment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
...: Within the frequency band 9 kHz, up to, but not including, 45 kHz, the peak output power from the cable... output power from the cable locating equipment shall not exceed one watt. If provisions are made for connection of the cable locating equipment to the AC power lines, the conducted limits in § 15.207 also apply...
47 CFR 15.213 - Cable locating equipment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
...: Within the frequency band 9 kHz, up to, but not including, 45 kHz, the peak output power from the cable... output power from the cable locating equipment shall not exceed one watt. If provisions are made for connection of the cable locating equipment to the AC power lines, the conducted limits in § 15.207 also apply...
47 CFR 15.213 - Cable locating equipment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
...: Within the frequency band 9 kHz, up to, but not including, 45 kHz, the peak output power from the cable... output power from the cable locating equipment shall not exceed one watt. If provisions are made for connection of the cable locating equipment to the AC power lines, the conducted limits in § 15.207 also apply...
30 CFR 57.12003 - Trailing cable overload protection.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Trailing cable overload protection. 57.12003 Section 57.12003 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12003...
30 CFR 57.12003 - Trailing cable overload protection.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Trailing cable overload protection. 57.12003 Section 57.12003 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12003...
30 CFR 57.12003 - Trailing cable overload protection.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Trailing cable overload protection. 57.12003 Section 57.12003 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12003...
30 CFR 57.12003 - Trailing cable overload protection.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Trailing cable overload protection. 57.12003 Section 57.12003 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12003...
30 CFR 75.807 - Installation of high-voltage transmission cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Installation of high-voltage transmission...-Voltage Distribution § 75.807 Installation of high-voltage transmission cables. [Statutory Provisions] All underground high-voltage transmission cables shall be installed only in regularly inspected air courses and...
30 CFR 75.600-1 - Approved cables; flame resistance.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Approved cables; flame resistance. 75.600-1 Section 75.600-1 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.600-1 Approved...
30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...
30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...
30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...
30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...
30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...
Development of 66 kV class REBCO superconducting cable
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ohya, M.; Masuda, T.; Amemiya, N.; Ishiyama, A.; Ohkuma, T.
Sumitomo Electric Industries (SEI) has been involved in the development of 66 kV/5 kA-class HTS cables using REBCO wires. One of the technical targets was to reduce the AC loss to less than 2 W/m/phase at 5 kA. SEI developed a clad-type textured metal substrate with lower magnetization loss than NiW substrates. REBCO wires of 30 mm wide were slit into 4 mm-wide strips, and these strips were wound spirally on a former with small gaps. The measured AC loss of the manufactured cable was 1.8 W/m/phase at 5 kA, achieving the AC loss goal. Another important target was to manage fault current. The copper protection layers were designed based on simulation findings. Fault current tests (max. 31.5 kA, 2 sec) showed that the designed HTS cable has the required withstanding performance. The development of the elemental technologies was finished on schedule, and a 15 m-long HTS cable system will be constructed to demonstrate that it meets all the required specifications.
Burns from buried electric cables.
Gault, D T; Eve, M D
1987-04-01
Twenty-six patients who sustained significant burn injuries as a result of striking underground electric cables are reviewed. This study sets out to highlight why such injuries occur and to recommend preventive measures to those digging in the London area. There were three deaths in this series.
30 CFR 75.906 - Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground wires, and ground check wires.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground... Underground Low- and Medium-Voltage Alternating Current Circuits § 75.906 Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground wires, and ground check wires. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables for mobile equipment shall...
30 CFR 75.906 - Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground wires, and ground check wires.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground... Underground Low- and Medium-Voltage Alternating Current Circuits § 75.906 Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground wires, and ground check wires. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables for mobile equipment shall...
30 CFR 75.906 - Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground wires, and ground check wires.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground... Underground Low- and Medium-Voltage Alternating Current Circuits § 75.906 Trailing cables for mobile equipment, ground wires, and ground check wires. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables for mobile equipment shall...
Research to develop guidelines for cathodic protection of concentric neutral cables, volume 2
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hanck, J. A.; Nekoksa, G.
1981-08-01
Data from field tests and sieve analyses presented in support of an effort to develop guidelines for the installation of underground transmission primary cables. Anodic and cathodic polarization curves and the surface and cable potential gradients from 38 bellholes.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Asakawa, Eiichi; Murakami, Fumitoshi; Tsukahara, Hitoshi; Saito, Shutaro; Lee, Sangkyun; Tara, Kenji; Kato, Masafumi; Jamali Hondori, Ehsan; Sumi, Tomonori; Kadoshima, Kazuyuki; Kose, Masami
2017-04-01
respectively. Therefore we can use these sources simultaneously and distinguish the records of each source in the data processing stage. We have developed new marine seismic survey systems with autonomous recording for the exploration of the ocean floor resources. The applications are vertical cable seismic (VCS) and deep-tow seismic (ACS). These enable us the recording close to the seafloor and give the high resolution results with a simple, cost-effective configuration.
Superconducting power transmission system development. Cable insulation development
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1983-09-01
The development of an underground superconducting power transmission system which is economical and technically attractive to the utility industry is discussed. Suitable superconductors and dielectric insulation were developed. Cables several hundred feet long are tested under realistic conditions. Three operating runs of about 2 weeks duration each were accomplished. The 60 Hz steady state performance of the cables under rated conditions was explored. Over voltage endurance tests and emergency level current tests were performed.
30 CFR 77.805 - Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum design requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum... WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.805 Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum design requirements. (a)(1) Couplers that are used in medium- or high-voltage power...
30 CFR 77.805 - Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum design requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum... WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.805 Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum design requirements. (a)(1) Couplers that are used in medium- or high-voltage power...
30 CFR 77.805 - Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum design requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum... WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.805 Cable couplers and connection boxes; minimum design requirements. (a)(1) Couplers that are used in medium- or high-voltage power...
30 CFR 57.12008 - Insulation and fittings for power wires and cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Insulation and fittings for power wires and... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12008 Insulation and fittings for power wires and cables. Power wires and cables shall be insulated adequately where they pass into or out of electrical...
30 CFR 57.12008 - Insulation and fittings for power wires and cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Insulation and fittings for power wires and... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12008 Insulation and fittings for power wires and cables. Power wires and cables shall be insulated adequately where they pass into or out of electrical...
Hughey, Raburn L.; Sinha, Uday K.; Reece, David S.; Muller, Albert C.
2005-03-08
In order to provide a flexible oxide superconducting cable which is reduced in AC loss, tape-shaped superconducting wires covered with a stabilizing metal are wound on a flexible former. The superconducting wires are preferably laid on the former at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. In laying on the former, a number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on a core member in a side-by-side manner, to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer in a side-by-side manner, to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and provides flexibility to the superconducting wires and the cable formed therewith.
Hughey, Raburn L.; Sinha, Uday K.; Reece, David S.; Muller, Albert C.
2005-07-22
In order to provide a flexible oxide superconducting cable which is reduced in AC loss, tape-shaped superconducting wires covered with a stabilizing metal are wound on a flexible former. The superconducting wires are preferably laid on the former at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. In laying on the former, a number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on a core member in a side-by-side manner, to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer in a side-by-side manner, to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and provides flexibility to the superconducting wires and the cable formed therewith.
Flux-transfer losses in helically wound superconducting power cables
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Clem, John R; Malozemoff, A P
2013-06-25
Minimization of ac losses is essential for economic operation of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) ac power cables. A favorable configuration for the phase conductor of such cables has two counter-wound layers of HTS tape-shaped wires lying next to each other and helically wound around a flexible cylindrical former. However, if magnetic materials such as magnetic substrates of the tapes lie between the two layers, or if the winding pitch angles are not opposite and essentially equal in magnitude to each other, current distributes unequally between the two layers. Then, if at some point in the ac cycle the current of eithermore » of the two layers exceeds its critical current, a large ac loss arises from the transfer of flux between the two layers. A detailed review of the formalism, and its application to the case of paramagnetic substrates including the calculation of this flux-transfer loss, is presented.« less
Design and evaluation of 66 kV-class HTS power cable using REBCO wires
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ohya, M.; Yumura, H.; Masuda, T.; Amemiya, N.; Ishiyama, A.; Ohkuma, T.
2011-11-01
Sumitomo Electric (SEI) has been involved in the development of 66 kV-class HTS cables using REBCO wires. One of the technical targets in this project is to reduce the AC loss to less than 2 W/m/phase at 5 kA. SEI has developed a clad-type of textured metal substrate with lower magnetization loss compared with a conventional NiW substrate. In addition, 30 mm-wide REBCO tapes were slit into 4 mm-wide strips, and these strips were wound spirally on a former with small gaps. The AC loss of a manufactured 4-layer cable conductor was 1.5 W/m at 5 kA at 64 K. Given that the AC loss in a shield layer is supposed to be one-fourth of a whole cable core loss, our cables are expected to achieve the AC loss target of less than 2 W/m/phase at 5 kA. Another important target is to manage a fault current. A cable core was designed and fabricated based on the simulation findings, and over-current tests (max. 31.5 kA, 2 s) were conducted to check its performance. The critical current value of the cable cores were measured before and after the over-current tests and verified its soundness. A 5 kA-class current lead for the cable terminations was also developed. The current loading tests were conducted for the developed current leads. The temperature distribution of the current leads reached to the steady-state within less than 12 h, and it was confirmed that the developed current lead has enough capacity of 5 kA loading.
Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Love, Milton S.; Nishimoto, Mary M.; Clark, Scott; McCrea, Merit; Bull, Ann Scarborough
2017-12-01
Offshore renewable energy facilities transmit electricity to shore through submarine power cables. Electromagnetic field emissions (EMFs) are generated from the transmission of electricity through these cables, such as the AC inter-array (between unit) and AC export (to shore) cables often used in offshore energy production. The EMF has both an electric component and a magnetic component. While sheathing can block the direct electric field, the magnetic field is not blocked. A concern raised by fishermen on the Pacific Coast of North America is that commercially important Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister Dana, 1852)) might not cross over an energized submarine power cable to enter a baited crab trap, thus potentially reducing their catch. The presence of operating energized cables off southern California and in Puget Sound (cables that are comparable to those within the arrays of existing offshore wind energy devices) allowed us to conduct experiments on how energized power cables might affect the harvesting of both M. magister and another commercially important crab species, Cancer productus Randall, 1839. In this study we tested the questions: 1) Is the catchability of crabs reduced if these animals must traverse an energized power cable to enter a trap and 2) if crabs preferentially do not cross an energized cable, is it the cable structure or the EMF emitted from that cable that deters crabs from crossing? In field experiments off southern California and in Puget Sound, crabs were given a choice of walking over an energized power cable to a baited trap or walking directly away from that cable to a second baited trap. Based on our research we found no evidence that the EMF emitted by energized submarine power cables influenced the catchability of these two species of commercially important crabs. In addition, there was no difference in the crabs' responses to lightly buried versus unburied cables. We did observe that, regardless of the position of the cable
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Goldacker, Wilfried; Grilli, Francesco; Pardo, Enric; Kario, Anna; Schlachter, Sonja I.; Vojenčiak, Michal
2014-09-01
Energy applications employing high-temperature superconductors (HTS), such as motors/generators, transformers, transmission lines and fault current limiters, are usually operated in the alternate current (ac) regime. In order to be efficient, the HTS devices need to have a sufficiently low value of ac loss, in addition to the necessary current-carrying capacity. Most applications are operated with currents beyond the current capacity of single conductors and consequently require cabled conductor solutions with much higher current carrying capacity, from a few kA up to 20-30 kA for large hydro-generators. A century ago, in 1914, Ludwig Roebel invented a low-loss cable design for copper cables, which was successively named after him. The main idea behind Roebel cables is to separate the current in different strands and to provide a full transposition of the strands along the cable direction. Nowadays, these cables are commonly used in the stator of large generators. Based on the same design concept of their conventional material counterparts, HTS Roebel cables from REBCO coated conductors were first manufactured at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and have been successively developed in a number of varieties that provide all the required technical features such as fully transposed strands, high transport currents and low ac losses, yet retaining enough flexibility for a specific cable design. In the past few years a large number of scientific papers have been published on the concept, manufacturing and characterization of such cables. Therefore it is timely for a review of those results. The goal is to provide an overview and a succinct and easy-to-consult guide for users, developers, and manufacturers of this kind of HTS cable.
Power transmission cable development for the Space Station Freedom electrical power system
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Schmitz, Gregory V.; Biess, John J.
1989-01-01
Power transmission cable is presently being evaluated under a NASA Lewis Research Center advanced development contract for application in the Space Station Freedom (SSF) electrical power system (EPS). Evaluation testing has been performed by TRW and NASA Lewis Research Center. The results of this development contract are presented. The primary cable design goals are to provide (1) a low characteristic inductance to minimize line voltage drop at 20 kHz, (2) electromagnetic compatibility control of the 20-kHz ac power current, (3) a physical configuration that minimizes ac resistance and (4) release of trapped air for corona-free operation.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Khandelwal, P.; Pachori, A.; Khandelwal, T.
2013-12-01
This paper provides the complete information related to Right of Way (RoW) for the construction of new power transmission line (TL) in terms of present cost for overhead transmission line and underground XLPE transmission cable. The former part of the paper describes the general procedure and rules for acquisition of land for RoW by transmission asset owner (TAO) while in the later part the cost associated to acquire RoW and its impact on the cost of adjacent land have been detailed. It also discusses the actual dismantling cost including the cost of waste metal what TAO get after completion of lifecycle of TL due to increase in metal prices. In this paper cost of RoW after completion of lifecycle of TL is also highlighted. This paper compares the cost of RoW for overhead transmission line and underground XLPE transmission cable for construction of new TL. Also for old transmission infrastructure cost of RoW for change from overhead transmission line to underground XLPE transmission cable is detailed by application of replacement model.
High-Frequency ac Power-Distribution System
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hansen, Irving G.; Mildice, James
1987-01-01
Loads managed automatically under cycle-by-cycle control. 440-V rms, 20-kHz ac power system developed. System flexible, versatile, and "transparent" to user equipment, while maintaining high efficiency and low weight. Electrical source, from dc to 2,200-Hz ac converted to 440-V rms, 20-kHz, single-phase ac. Power distributed through low-inductance cables. Output power either dc or variable ac. Energy transferred per cycle reduced by factor of 50. Number of parts reduced by factor of about 5 and power loss reduced by two-thirds. Factors result in increased reliability and reduced costs. Used in any power-distribution system requiring high efficiency, high reliability, low weight, and flexibility to handle variety of sources and loads.
77 FR 19525 - Specification for 15 kV and 25 kV Primary Underground Power Cable
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-04-02
... has revised the final rule. Comment: Conductor Shield, NRECA T&D suggested adding (for discharge... be 3 through 18 pounds (1.36 through 8.16 kg) for EPR discharge free and TR-XLPE cables. Discharge....16 kg) for EPR discharge free and TR-XLPE cables. Discharge resistant cables shall have strip tension...
The influence of winding direction of two-layer HTS DC cable on the critical current
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vyatkin, V. S.; Kashiwagi, K.; Ivanov, Y. V.; Otabe, E. S.; Yamaguchi, S.
2017-09-01
The design of twist pitch and direction of winding in multilayer HTS coaxial cable is important. For HTS AC transmitting cables, the main condition of twist pitch is the balance of inductances of each layer for providing the current balance between layers. In this work, the finite element method analysis for the coaxial cables with both same and opposite directions winding is used to calculate magnetic field distribution, and critical current of the cable is estimated. It was found that the critical current of the cable with same direction winding is about 10 percent higher than that in the case of the cable with the opposite direction winding.
Commercialization of Medium Voltage HTS Triax TM Cable Systems
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Knoll, David
2012-12-31
The original project scope that was established in 2007 aimed to install a 1,700 meter (1.1 mile) medium voltage HTS Triax{TM} cable system into the utility grid in New Orleans, LA. In 2010, however, the utility partner withdrew from the project, so the 1,700 meter cable installation was cancelled and the scope of work was reduced. The work then concentrated on the specific barriers to commercialization of HTS cable technology. The modified scope included long-length HTS cable design and testing, high voltage factory test development, optimized cooling system development, and HTS cable life-cycle analysis. In 2012, Southwire again analyzed themore » market for HTS cables and deemed the near term market acceptance to be low. The scope of work was further reduced to the completion of tasks already started and to testing of the existing HTS cable system in Columbus, OH. The work completed under the project included: • Long-length cable modeling and analysis • HTS wire evaluation and testing • Cable testing for AC losses • Optimized cooling system design • Life cycle testing of the HTS cable in Columbus, OH • Project management. The 200 meter long HTS Triax{TM} cable in Columbus, OH was incorporated into the project under the initial scope changes as a test bed for life cycle testing as well as the site for an optimized HTS cable cooling system. The Columbus cable utilizes the HTS TriaxTM design, so it provided an economical tool for these of the project tasks.« less
Modelling ac ripple currents in HTS coated conductors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Xu, Zhihan; Grilli, Francesco
2015-10-01
Dc transmission using high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) offers a promising solution to the globally growing demand for effective, reliable and economic transmission of green energy up to the gigawatt level over very long distances. The credible estimation of the losses and thereby the heat dissipation involved, where ac ripples (introduced in rectification/ac-dc conversion) are viewed as a potential source of notable contribution, is highly essential for the rational design of practical HTS dc transmission cables and corresponding cryogenic systems to fulfil this demand. Here we report a targeted modelling study into the ac losses in a HTS CC subject to dc and ac ripple currents simultaneously, by solving Maxwell’s equations using the finite element method (FEM) in the commercial software package COMSOL. It is observed that the instantaneous loss exhibits only one peak per cycle in the HTS CC subject to sinusoidal ripples, given that the amplitude of the ac ripples is smaller than approximately 20% of that of the dc current. This is a distinct contrast to the usual observation of two peaks per cycle in a HTS CC subject to ac currents only. The unique mechanism is also revealed, which is directly associated with the finding that, around any local minima of the applied ac ripples, the critical state of -J c is never reached at the edges of the HTS CC, as it should be according to the Bean model. When running further into the longer term, it is discovered that the ac ripple loss of the HTS CC in full-wave rectification decays monotonically, at a speed which is found to be insensitive to the frequency of the applied ripples within our targeted situations, to a relatively low level of approximately 1.38 × 10-4 W m-1 in around 1.7 s. Comparison between this level and other typical loss contributions in a HTS dc cable implies that ac ripple currents in HTS CCs should only be considered as a minor source of dissipation in superconducting dc
Solid-cryogen-stabilized, cable-in-conduit (CIC) superconducting cables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Voccio, J. P.; Michael, P. C.; Bromberg, L.; Hahn, S.
2015-12-01
This paper considers the use of a solid cryogen as a means to stabilize, both mechanically and thermally, magnesium diboride (MgB2) superconducting strands within a dual-channel cable-in-conduit (CIC) cable for use in AC applications, such as a generator stator winding. The cable consists of two separate channels; the outer channel contains the superconducting strands and is filled with a fluid (liquid or gas) that becomes solid at the device operating temperature. Several options for fluid will be presented, such as liquid nitrogen, hydrocarbons and other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that have a range of melting temperatures and volumetric expansions (from solid at operating temperature to fixed volume at room temperature). Implications for quench protection and conductor stability, enhanced through direct contact with the solid cryogen, which has high heat capacity and thermal conductivity (compared with helium gas), will be presented. Depending on the cryogen, the conductor will be filled initially either with liquid at atmospheric conditions or a gas at high pressure (∼100 atm). After cooldown, the cryogen in the stranded-channel will be solid, essentially locking the strands in place, preventing strand motion and degradation due to mechanical deformation while providing enhanced thermal capacity for stability and protection. The effect of cryogen porosity is also considered. The relatively high heat capacity of solid cryogens at these lower temperatures (compared to gaseous helium) enhances the thermal stability of the winding. During operation, coolant flow through the open inner channel will minimize pressure drop.
49 CFR 236.74 - Protection of insulated wire; splice in underground wire.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Protection of insulated wire; splice in underground wire. 236.74 Section 236.74 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued..., AND APPLIANCES Rules and Instructions: All Systems Wires and Cables § 236.74 Protection of insulated...
49 CFR 236.74 - Protection of insulated wire; splice in underground wire.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Protection of insulated wire; splice in underground wire. 236.74 Section 236.74 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued..., AND APPLIANCES Rules and Instructions: All Systems Wires and Cables § 236.74 Protection of insulated...
Inter-strand current sharing and ac loss measurements in superconducting YBCO Roebel cables
Majoros, M.; Sumption, M. D.; Collings, E. W.; ...
2015-04-08
A Roebel cable, one twist pitch long, was modified from its as-received state by soldering copper strips between the strands to provide inter-strand connections enabling current sharing. Various DC transport currents (representing different percentages of its critical current) were applied to a single strand of such a modified cable at 77 K in a liquid nitrogen bath. Simultaneous monitoring of I–V curves in different parts of the strand as well as in its interconnections with other strands was made using a number of sensitive Keithley nanovoltmeters in combination with a multichannel high-speed data acquisition card, all controlled via LabView software.more » Current sharing onset was observed at about 1.02 of strand I c. At a strand current of 1.3I c about 5% of the current was shared through the copper strip interconnections. A finite element method modeling was performed to estimate the inter-strand resistivities required to enable different levels of current sharing. The relative contributions of coupling and hysteretic magnetization (and loss) were compared, and for our cable and tape geometry, and at dB/dt=1 T s -1, and our inter-strand resistance of 0.77 mΩ, (enabling a current sharing of 5% at 1.3I c) the coupling component was 0.32% of the hysteretic component. However, inter-strand contact resistance values of 100–1000 times smaller (close to those of NbTi and Nb 3Sn based accelerator cables) would make the coupling components comparable in size to the hysteretic components.« less
Inter-strand current sharing and ac loss measurements in superconducting YBCO Roebel cables
sumption, Mike; Majoros, Milan; Collings, E. W.; ...
2014-11-07
A Roebel cable, one twist pitch long, was modified from its as-received state by soldering copper strips between the strands to provide inter-strand connections enabling current sharing. Various DC transport currents (representing different percentages of its critical current) were applied to a single strand of such a modified cable at 77 K in a liquid nitrogen bath. Simultaneous monitoring of I–V curves in different parts of the strand as well as in its interconnections with other strands was made using a number of sensitive Keithley nanovoltmeters in combination with a multichannel high-speed data acquisition card, all controlled via LabView software.more » Current sharing onset was observed at about 1.02 of strand I c. At a strand current of 1.3I c about 5% of the current was shared through the copper strip interconnections. A finite element method modeling was performed to estimate the inter-strand resistivities required to enable different levels of current sharing. The relative contributions of coupling and hysteretic magnetization (and loss) were compared, and for our cable and tape geometry, and at dB/dt=1 T s -1, and our inter-strand resistance of 0.77 mΩ, (enabling a current sharing of 5% at 1.3I c ) the coupling component was 0.32% of the hysteretic component. However, inter-strand contact resistance values of 100–1000 times smaller (close to those of NbTi and Nb 3Sn based accelerator cables) would make the coupling components comparable in size to the hysteretic components.« less
Inter-strand current sharing and ac loss measurements in superconducting YBCO Roebel cables
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Majoros, M.; Sumption, M. D.; Collings, E. W.
A Roebel cable, one twist pitch long, was modified from its as-received state by soldering copper strips between the strands to provide inter-strand connections enabling current sharing. Various DC transport currents (representing different percentages of its critical current) were applied to a single strand of such a modified cable at 77 K in a liquid nitrogen bath. Simultaneous monitoring of I–V curves in different parts of the strand as well as in its interconnections with other strands was made using a number of sensitive Keithley nanovoltmeters in combination with a multichannel high-speed data acquisition card, all controlled via LabView software.more » Current sharing onset was observed at about 1.02 of strand I c. At a strand current of 1.3I c about 5% of the current was shared through the copper strip interconnections. A finite element method modeling was performed to estimate the inter-strand resistivities required to enable different levels of current sharing. The relative contributions of coupling and hysteretic magnetization (and loss) were compared, and for our cable and tape geometry, and at dB/dt=1 T s -1, and our inter-strand resistance of 0.77 mΩ, (enabling a current sharing of 5% at 1.3I c) the coupling component was 0.32% of the hysteretic component. However, inter-strand contact resistance values of 100–1000 times smaller (close to those of NbTi and Nb 3Sn based accelerator cables) would make the coupling components comparable in size to the hysteretic components.« less
Inter-strand current sharing and ac loss measurements in superconducting YBCO Roebel cables
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
sumption, Mike; Majoros, Milan; Collings, E. W.
A Roebel cable, one twist pitch long, was modified from its as-received state by soldering copper strips between the strands to provide inter-strand connections enabling current sharing. Various DC transport currents (representing different percentages of its critical current) were applied to a single strand of such a modified cable at 77 K in a liquid nitrogen bath. Simultaneous monitoring of I–V curves in different parts of the strand as well as in its interconnections with other strands was made using a number of sensitive Keithley nanovoltmeters in combination with a multichannel high-speed data acquisition card, all controlled via LabView software.more » Current sharing onset was observed at about 1.02 of strand I c. At a strand current of 1.3I c about 5% of the current was shared through the copper strip interconnections. A finite element method modeling was performed to estimate the inter-strand resistivities required to enable different levels of current sharing. The relative contributions of coupling and hysteretic magnetization (and loss) were compared, and for our cable and tape geometry, and at dB/dt=1 T s -1, and our inter-strand resistance of 0.77 mΩ, (enabling a current sharing of 5% at 1.3I c ) the coupling component was 0.32% of the hysteretic component. However, inter-strand contact resistance values of 100–1000 times smaller (close to those of NbTi and Nb 3Sn based accelerator cables) would make the coupling components comparable in size to the hysteretic components.« less
Operating experience of the southwire high-temperature superconducting cable project
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hughey, R. L.; Lindsay, D.
2002-01-01
Southwire Company of Carrollton, Georgia in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Laboratory has designed, built, installed and is operating the world's first field installation of a High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cable system. The cables supply power to three Southwire manufacturing facilities and part of the corporate headquarters building in Carrollton, GA. The system consists of three 30-m single phase cables rated at 12.4 kV, 1250 Amps, liquid nitrogen cooling system, and the computer-based control system. The cables are built using BSCCO-2223 powder-in-tube HTS tapes and a proprietary cryogenic dielectric material called Cryoflex™. The cables are fully shielded with a second layer of HTS tapes to eliminate any external magnetic fields. The Southwire HTS cables were first energized on january 6, 2000. Since that time they have logged over 8,500 hours of operation while supplying 100% of the required customer load. To date, the cables have worked without failure and operations are continuing. The cable design has passed requisite testing for this class of conventional cables including 10× over current to 12,500 Amps and BIL testing to 110 kV. Southwire has also successfully designed and tested a cable splice. System heat loads and AC Losses have been measured and compared to calculated values. On June 1, 2001 on-site monitoring was ceased and the system was changed to unattended operation to further prove the reliability of the HTS cable system. .
HTS Transmission Cable System for installation in the Long Island Power Grid
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Schmidt, Frank; Durand, Fabien; Maguire, James
2015-10-05
Department of Energy (DOE) Award DE-FC26-07NT43240 was issued on October 1, 2007. Referred to as LIPA2, the principal objectives of the project were to develop key components required to deploy and demonstrate second-generation (2G) high temperature superconductor (HTS) cables in a 600 meter (2000 feet) underground segment of a 138kV three-phase transmission circuit of the Long Island Power Authority (LIPA) power grid. A previous effort under DOE Award DE-FC36-03GO13032 (referred to as LIPA1) resulted in installation (and subsequent successful operation) of first-generation (1G) HTS cables at the LIPA site. As with LIPA1, American Superconductor (AMSC) led the effort for LIPA2more » and was responsible for overall management of the project and producing sufficient 2G wire to fabricate the required cable. Nexans' tasks included design/manufacture/installation of the cable, joint (splice), cable terminations and field repairable cryostat; while work by Air Liquide involved engineering and installation support for the refrigeration system modifications.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Castaneda-Lopez, Homero
A methodology for detecting and locating defects or discontinuities on the outside covering of coated metal underground pipelines subjected to cathodic protection has been addressed. On the basis of wide range AC impedance signals for various frequencies applied to a steel-coated pipeline system and by measuring its corresponding transfer function under several laboratory simulation scenarios, a physical laboratory setup of an underground cathodic-protected, coated pipeline was built. This model included different variables and elements that exist under real conditions, such as soil resistivity, soil chemical composition, defect (holiday) location in the pipeline covering, defect area and geometry, and level of cathodic protection. The AC impedance data obtained under different working conditions were used to fit an electrical transmission line model. This model was then used as a tool to fit the impedance signal for different experimental conditions and to establish trends in the impedance behavior without the necessity of further experimental work. However, due to the chaotic nature of the transfer function response of this system under several conditions, it is believed that non-deterministic models based on pattern recognition algorithms are suitable for field condition analysis. A non-deterministic approach was used for experimental analysis by applying an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm based on classification analysis capable of studying the pipeline system and differentiating the variables that can change impedance conditions. These variables include level of cathodic protection, location of discontinuities (holidays), and severity of corrosion. This work demonstrated a proof-of-concept for a well-known technique and a novel algorithm capable of classifying impedance data for experimental results to predict the exact location of the active holidays and defects on the buried pipelines. Laboratory findings from this procedure are promising, and
Superconducting Cable Having A Felexible Former
Hughey, Raburn L.; Sinha, Uday K.; Reece, David S.; Muller, Albert C.
2005-03-15
In order to provide a flexible oxide superconducting cable which is reduced in AC loss, tape-shaped superconducting wires covered with a stabilizing metal are wound on a flexible former. The superconducting wires are preferably laid on the former at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. In laying on the former, a number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on a core member in a side-by-side manner, to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer in a side-by-side manner, to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and provides flexibility to the superconducting wires and the cable formed therewith.
Superconducting Cable Having A Flexible Former
Hughey, Raburn L.; Sinha, Uday K.; Reece, David S.; Muller, Albert C.
2005-08-30
In order to provide a flexible oxide superconducting cable which is reduced in AC loss, tape-shaped superconducting wires covered with a stabilizing metal are wound on a flexible former. The superconducting wires are preferably laid on the former at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. In laying on the former, a number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on a core member in a side-by-side manner, to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer in a side-by-side manner, to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and provides flexibility to the superconducting wires and the cable formed therewith.
Interstrand contact resistances of Bi-2212 Rutherford cables for SMES
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kawagoe, A.; Kawabata, Y.; Sumiyoshi, F.; Nagaya, S.; Hirano, N.
2006-10-01
Interstrand contact resistances of Bi-2212 Rutherford cables for SMES coils were evaluated from a comparison between measured data and 2D-FEM analyses on interstrand coupling losses in these cables. The cables were composed of 30 non-twisted Bi-2212 strands with a diameter of 0.81 mm and a cable twist pitch of 90 mm. Three samples were measured; one of them had NiCr cores and the others had no cores. One of the latter two samples repeatedly experienced bending. The interstrand coupling losses were measured in liquid helium for the straight samples under transverse ac ripple magnetic fields superposed on dc bias magnetic fields. The transverse magnetic field was applied to the samples in directions both perpendicular and parallel to the flat face of the cable. The effect of the bending on the interstrand coupling losses could be neglected for the non-cored samples. The interstrand coupling losses of NiCr cored sample decreased by about 30% compared with the non-cored samples, in case the direction of the transverse magnetic fields applied to the cable is perpendicular to the flat face of the cable. Using these results and 2D-FEM analyses, taking into account that interstrand contact conditions vary from the center to the edge in the cross-section of cables, gave us the conclusion that the between side-by-side strands contact with metallurgical bond only in both edges of the cables.
12. Credit BG. Typical view down one of the underground ...
12. Credit BG. Typical view down one of the underground tunnels connecting the Control and Recording Center with all the JPL Edwards Facility test stands. In addition to personnel traffic, the tunnel system carried electrical power cables, instrumentation and control circuits, and high pressure helium and nitrogen lines. - Jet Propulsion Laboratory Edwards Facility, Control & Recording Center, Edwards Air Force Base, Boron, Kern County, CA
Mitigation of Manhole Events Caused by Secondary Cable Failure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Lili
"Manhole event" refers to a range of phenomena, such as smokers, fires and explosions which occur on underground electrical infrastructure, primarily in major cities. The most common cause of manhole events is decomposition of secondary cable initiated by an electric fault. The work presented in this thesis addresses various aspects related to the evolution and mitigation of the manhole events caused by secondary cable insulation failure. Manhole events develop as a result of thermal decomposition of organic materials present in the cable duct and manholes. Polymer characterization techniques are applied to intensively study the materials properties as related to manhole events, mainly the thermal decomposition behaviors of the polymers present in the cable duct. Though evolved gas analysis, the combustible gases have been quantitatively identified. Based on analysis and knowledge of field conditions, manhole events is divided into at least two classes, those in which exothermic chemical reactions dominate and those in which electrical energy dominates. The more common form of manhole event is driven by air flow down the duct. Numerical modeling of smolder propagation in the cable duct demonstrated that limiting air flow is effective in reducing the generation rate of combustible gas, in other words, limiting manhole events to relatively minor "smokers". Besides manhole events, another by-product of secondary cable insulation breakdown is stray voltage. The danger to personnel due to stray voltage is mostly caused by the 'step potential'. The amplitude of step potential as a result of various types of insulation defects is calculated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) program.
Mechanical reinforcement for RACC cables in high magnetic background fields
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bayer, C. M.; Gade, P. V.; Barth, C.; Preuß, A.; Jung, A.; Weiß, K. P.
2016-02-01
Operable in liquid helium, liquid hydrogen or liquid nitrogen, high temperature superconductor (HTS) cables are investigated as future alternatives to low temperature superconductor (LTS) cables in magnet applications. Different high current HTS cable concepts have been developed and optimized in the last years—each coming with its own benefits and challenges. As the Roebel assembled coated conductor (RACC) is the only fully transposed HTS cable investigated so far, it is attractive for large scale magnet and accelerator magnet applications when field quality and alternating current (AC) losses are of highest importance. However, due to its filamentary character, the RACC is very sensitive to Lorentz forces. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the RACC, each of the HTS strands was covered by an additional copper tape. After investigating the maximum applicable transverse pressure on the strand composition, the cable was clamped into a stainless steel structure to reinforce it against Lorentz forces. A comprehensive test has been carried out in the FBI facility at 4.2 K in a magnetic field of up to 12 T. This publication discusses the maximum applicable pressure as well as the behaviour of the RACC cable as a function of an external magnetic field.
AC HTS Transmission Cable for Integration into the Future EHV Grid of the Netherlands
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zuijderduin, R.; Chevtchenko, O.; Smit, J. J.; Aanhaanen, G.; Melnik, I.; Geschiere, A.
Due to increasing power demand, the electricity grid of the Netherlands is changing. The future grid must be capable to transmit all the connected power. Power generation will be more decentralized like for instance wind parks connected to the grid. Furthermore, future large scale production units are expected to be installed near coastal regions. This creates some potential grid issues, such as: large power amounts to be transmitted to consumers from west to east and grid stability. High temperature superconductors (HTS) can help solving these grid problems. Advantages to integrate HTS components at Extra High Voltage (EHV) and High Voltage (HV) levels are numerous: more power with less losses and less emissions, intrinsic fault current limiting capability, better control of power flow, reduced footprint, etc. Today's main obstacle is the relatively high price of HTS. Nevertheless, as the price goes down, initial market penetration for several HTS components is expected by year 2015 (e.g.: cables, fault current limiters). In this paper we present a design of intrinsically compensated EHV HTS cable for future grid integration. Discussed are the parameters of such cable providing an optimal power transmission in the future network.
Sanford Underground Research Facility - The United State's Deep Underground Research Facility
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vardiman, D.
2012-12-01
The 2.5 km deep Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) is managed by the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA) at the former Homestake Mine site in Lead, South Dakota. The US Department of Energy currently supports the development of the facility using a phased approach for underground deployment of experiments as they obtain an advanced design stage. The geology of the Sanford Laboratory site has been studied during the 125 years of operations at the Homestake Mine and more recently as part of the preliminary geotechnical site investigations for the NSF's Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory project. The overall geology at DUSEL is a well-defined stratigraphic sequence of schist and phyllites. The three major Proterozoic units encountered in the underground consist of interbedded schist, metasediments, and amphibolite schist which are crosscut by Tertiary rhyolite dikes. Preliminary geotechnical site investigations included drift mapping, borehole drilling, borehole televiewing, in-situ stress analysis, laboratory analysis of core, mapping and laser scanning of new excavations, modeling and analysis of all geotechnical information. The investigation was focused upon the determination if the proposed site rock mass could support the world's largest (66 meter diameter) deep underground excavation. While the DUSEL project has subsequently been significantly modified, these data are still available to provide a baseline of the ground conditions which may be judiciously extrapolated throughout the entire Proterozoic rock assemblage for future excavations. Recommendations for facility instrumentation and monitoring were included in the preliminary design of the DUSEL project design and include; single and multiple point extensometers, tape extensometers and convergence measurements (pins), load cells and pressure cells, smart cables, inclinometers/Tiltmeters, Piezometers, thermistors, seismographs and accelerometers, scanners (laser
Status and Progress of a Fault Current Limiting Hts Cable to BE Installed in the con EDISON Grid
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Maguire, J.; Folts, D.; Yuan, J.; Henderson, N.; Lindsay, D.; Knoll, D.; Rey, C.; Duckworth, R.; Gouge, M.; Wolff, Z.; Kurtz, S.
2010-04-01
In the last decade, significant advances in the performance of second generation (2G) high temperature superconducting wire have made it suitable for commercially viable applications such as electric power cables and fault current limiters. Currently, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is co-funding the design, development and demonstration of an inherently fault current limiting HTS cable under the Hydra project with American Superconductor and Consolidated Edison. The cable will be approximately 300 m long and is being designed to carry 96 MVA at a distribution level voltage of 13.8 kV. The underground cable will be installed and energized in New York City. The project is led by American Superconductor teamed with Con Edison, Ultera (Southwire and nkt cables joint venture), and Air Liquide. This paper describes the general goals, design criteria, status and progress of the project. Fault current limiting has already been demonstrated in 3 m prototype cables, and test results on a 25 m three-phase cable will be presented. An overview of the concept of a fault current limiting cable and the system advantages of this unique type of cable will be described.
Modeling AC ripple currents in HTS coated conductors by integral equations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Grilli, Francesco; Xu, Zhihan
2016-12-01
In several HTS applications, the superconducting tapes experience the simultaneous presence of DC and AC excitations. For example in high-current DC cables, where the transport current is not perfectly constant, but it exhibits some ripples at different frequencies introduced by the rectification process (AC-DC conversion). These ripples give rise to dissipation, whose magnitude and possible influence on the device's cooling requirements need to be evaluated. Here we report a study of the AC losses in a HTS coated conductor subjected to DC currents and AC ripples simultaneously. The modeling approach is based on an integral equation method for thin superconductors: the superconducting tape is modeled as a 1-D object with a non-linear resistivity, which includes the dependence of the critical current density Jc on the magnetic field. The model, implemented in a commercial finite-element program, runs very fast (the simulation of one AC cycle typically takes a few seconds on standard desktop workstation): this allows simulating a large number of cycles and estimating when the AC ripple losses stabilize to a constant value. The model is used to study the influence of the flux creep power index n on the stabilization speed and on the AC loss values, as well as the effect of using a field-dependent Jc instead of a constant one. The simulations confirm that the dissipation level should not be a practical concern in HTS DC cables. At the same time, however, they reveal a strong dependence of the results upon the power index n and the form of Jc , which spurs the question whether the power-law is the most suitable description of the superconductor's electrical behavior for this kind of analysis.
Performance evolution of 60 kA HTS cable prototypes in the EDIPO test facility
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bykovsky, N.; Uglietti, D.; Sedlak, K.; Stepanov, B.; Wesche, R.; Bruzzone, P.
2016-08-01
During the first test campaign of the 60 kA HTS cable prototypes in the EDIPO test facility, the feasibility of a novel HTS fusion cable concept proposed at the EPFL Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) was successfully demonstrated. While the measured DC performance of the prototypes at magnetic fields from 8 T to 12 T and for currents from 30 kA to 70 kA was close to the expected one, an initial electromagnetic cycling test (1000 cycles) revealed progressive degradation of the performance in both the SuperPower and SuperOx conductors. Aiming to understand the reasons for the degradation, additional cycling (1000 cycles) and warm up-cool down tests were performed during the second test campaign. I c performance degradation of the SuperOx conductor reached ∼20% after about 2000 cycles, which was reason to continue with a visual inspection of the conductor and further tests at 77 K. AC tests were carried out at 0 and 2 T background fields without transport current and at 10 T/50 kA operating conditions. Results obtained in DC and AC tests of the second test campaign are presented and compared with appropriate data published recently. Concluding the first iteration of the HTS cable development program at SPC, a summary and recommendations for the next activity within the HTS fusion cable project are also reported.
Characterization of XLPE cable insulation by dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA)
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Parpal, J.L.; Guddemi, C.; Lamarre, L.
1996-12-31
Polymeric insulated cables and accessories are becoming widely used at voltages over 120 kV, even up to 500 kV. Although high electrical stress presents the greatest challenge, some attention should be given to the fact that the polymeric insulation is also subjected to mechanical stress which can affect the electrical performance of the high-voltage cable system. Thus, the mechanical response to an ac stress induced by oscillating electrostatic forces could be an important factor with regard to long-term degradation of polymeric insulation. This paper presents preliminary mechanical relaxation measurements on XLPE and LDPE specimens taken from unaged transmission type cables.more » Dynamic mechanical relaxation showing radial profiles of the mechanical loss tangent and tensile modulus E{prime} are presented in a temperature range of 40 to 120 C.« less
Modeling vibration response and damping of cables and cabled structures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Spak, Kaitlin S.; Agnes, Gregory S.; Inman, Daniel J.
2015-02-01
In an effort to model the vibration response of cabled structures, the distributed transfer function method is developed to model cables and a simple cabled structure. The model includes shear effects, tension, and hysteretic damping for modeling of helical stranded cables, and includes a method for modeling cable attachment points using both linear and rotational damping and stiffness. The damped cable model shows agreement with experimental data for four types of stranded cables, and the damped cabled beam model shows agreement with experimental data for the cables attached to a beam structure, as well as improvement over the distributed mass method for cabled structure modeling.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yagotintsev, K.; Nijhuis, A.
2018-07-01
Two prototype Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors conductors were designed and manufactured for the toroidal field (TF) magnet system of the envisaged European DEMO fusion reactor. The AC loss, contact resistance and mechanical properties of two sample conductors were tested in the Twente Cryogenic Cable Press under cyclic load up to 30 000 cycles. Though both conductors were designed to operate at 82 kA in a background magnetic field of 13.6 T, they reflect different approaches with respect to the magnet winding pack assembly. The first approach is based on react and wind technology while the second is the more common wind and react technology. Each conductor was tested first for AC loss in virgin condition without handling. The impact of Lorentz load during magnet operation was simulated using the cable press. In the press each conductor specimen was subjected to transverse cyclic load up to 30 000 cycles in liquid helium bath at 4.2 K. Here a summary of results for AC loss, contact resistance, conductor deformation, mechanical heat production and conductor stiffness evolution during cycling of the load is presented. Both conductors showed similar mechanical behaviour but quite different AC loss. In comparison with previously tested ITER TF conductors, both DEMO TF conductors possess very low contact resistance resulting in high coupling loss. At the same time, load cycling has limited impact on properties of DEMO TF conductors in comparison with ITER TF conductors.
Integration of HTS Cables in the Future Grid of the Netherlands
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zuijderduin, R.; Chevtchenko, O.; Smit, J. J.; Aanhaanen, G.; Melnik, I.; Geschiere, A.
Due to increasing power demand, the electricity grid of the Netherlands is changing. The future transmission grid will obtain electrical power generated by decentralized renewable sources, together with large scale generation units located at the coastal region. In this way electrical power has to be distributed and transmitted over longer distances from generation to end user. Potential grid issues like: amount of distributed power, grid stability and electrical loss dissipation merit particular attention. High temperature superconductors (HTS) can play an important role in solving these grid problems. Advantages to integrate HTS components at transmission voltages are numerous: more transmittable power together with less emissions, intrinsic fault current limiting capability, lower ac loss, better control of power flow, reduced footprint, less magnetic field emissions, etc. The main obstacle at present is the relatively high price of HTS conductor. However as the price goes down, initial market penetration of several HTS components (e.g.: cables, fault current limiters) is expected by year 2015. In the full paper we present selected ways to integrate EHV AC HTS cables depending on a particular future grid scenario in the Netherlands.
Development of a leak location system for use on underground electric power transmission cable
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Williams, J. A.
1982-10-01
This report describes a study to evaluate methods for locating leaks of dielectric fluid from buried high voltage cable systems. Two primary types of leak location systems were investigated: (1) systems that will rapidly isolate the leak within a manhole section, typically 1000 m long on a feeder that might be 30 km long; and (2) systems that will then pinpoint the location of the leak. Rapid leak isolation was accomplished by developing an enhanced conductivity oil probe which allows the injection of a small quantity of conductive oil and which indicates the path of the oil as it drifts downstream in the direction of the leak. Two methods for pinpointing the leak were proven. The more successful method was the use of trained leak location dogs which were found to have far better sensitivity than instruments and which could detect cable oil alone without the need for additives. A tracer gas injection and detection scheme was developed for use in areas where the dogs may be unsuitable.
30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable....607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and power cable connections to junction boxes shall not be made or broken under load. ...
30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable....607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and power cable connections to junction boxes shall not be made or broken under load. ...
30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable....607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and power cable connections to junction boxes shall not be made or broken under load. ...
30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable....607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and power cable connections to junction boxes shall not be made or broken under load. ...
Coaxial cable stripping device facilitates RF cabling fabrication
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hughes, R. S.; Tobias, R. A.
1967-01-01
Coaxial cable stripping device assures clean, right angled shoulder for RF cable connector fabrication. This method requires minimal skill and creates a low voltage standing wave ratio and mechanical stability in the interconnecting RF Cables.
High-tension electrical-arc-induced thermal burns caused by railway overhead cables.
Koller, J
1991-10-01
Eleven patients with high-tension electrical-arc-induced thermal burns due to railway overhead cables were treated at the Bratislava Burn Department during a relatively short period of 18 months. All the injuries occurred by the same mechanism, that is persons climbing on top of railway carriages and approaching the 25,000 V a.c. overhead cables. All the burns were the result of an electrical arc passing externally to the body, with subsequent ignition of the victim's clothes. The cutaneous burns, ranging from 24 to 79 per cent of the BSA, were mostly deep partial to full skin thickness injuries. One patient died on day 5 postburn, the other survived. In spite of high-tension aetiology, no true electrical injuries appear to have occurred and no amputations were necessary. The pathophysiology and possible preventive measures are discussed. It must be stressed that arcing can be induced by an earthed object approaching, but not touching, a cable carrying a high voltage.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Litzenberger, Wayne; Lava, Val
1994-08-01
References are contained for HVDC systems, converter stations and components, overhead transmission lines, cable transmission, system design and operations, simulation of high voltage direct current systems, high-voltage direct current installations, and flexible AC transmission system (FACTS).
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Lee, Jason H.
2011-01-01
Cables are very important electrical devices that carry power and signals across multiple instruments. Any fault in a cable can easily result in a catastrophic outcome. Therefore, verifying that all cables are built to spec is a very important part of Electrical Integration Procedures. Currently, there are two methods used in lab for verifying cable connectivity. (1) Using a Break-Out Box and an ohmmeter this method is time-consuming but effective for custom cables and (2) Commercial Automated Cable Tester Boxes this method is fast, but to test custom cables often requires pre-programmed configuration files, and cables used on spacecraft are often uniquely designed for specific purposes. The idea is to develop a semi-automatic continuity tester that reduces human effort in cable testing, speeds up the electrical integration process, and ensures system safety. The JPL-Cable Tester Box is developed to check every single possible electrical connection in a cable in parallel. This system indicates connectivity through LED (light emitting diode) circuits. Users can choose to test any pin/shell (test node) with a single push of a button, and any other nodes that are shorted to the test node, even if they are in the same connector, will light up with the test node. The JPL-Cable Tester Boxes offers the following advantages: 1. Easy to use: The architecture is simple enough that it only takes 5 minutes for anyone to learn how operate the Cable Tester Box. No pre-programming and calibration are required, since this box only checks continuity. 2. Fast: The cable tester box checks all the possible electrical connections in parallel at a push of a button. If a cable normally takes half an hour to test, using the Cable Tester Box will improve the speed to as little as 60 seconds to complete. 3. Versatile: Multiple cable tester boxes can be used together. As long as all the boxes share the same electrical potential, any number of connectors can be tested together.
378. A.C.S., Delineator March 1933 STATE OF CALIFORNIA; DEPARTMENT OF ...
378. A.C.S., Delineator March 1933 STATE OF CALIFORNIA; DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS; SAN FRANCISCO - OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE; CONTRACT NO. 6A; SUPERSTRUCTURE - WEST BAY CROSSING; YERBA BUENA ANCHORAGE & CABLE BENT. AMERICAN BRIDGE CO.; AMBRIDGE PLANT; ORDER NO. G 4866; SHEET NO. E4 - San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge, Spanning San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA
Results of Buoyancy-gravity Effects in ITER Cable-in- Conduit Conductor with Dual Channel
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bruzzone, P.; Stepanov, B.; Zanino, R.; Richard, L. Savoldi
2006-04-01
The coolant in the ITER cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) flows at significant higher speed in the central channel than in the strand bundle region due to the large difference of hydraulic impedance. When energy is deposited in the bundle region, e.g. by ac loss or radiation, the heat removal in vertically oriented dual channel CICC with the coolant flowing downward is affected by the reduced density of helium (buoyancy) in the bundle region, which is arising from the temperature gradient due to poor heat exchange between the two channels. At large deposited power, flow stagnation and back-flow can cause in the strand bundle area a slow temperature runaway eventually leading to quench. A new test campaign of the thermal-hydraulic behavior was carried out in the SULTAN facility on an instrumented section of the ITER Poloidal Field Conductor Insert (PFIS). The buoyancy-gravity effect was investigated using ac loss heating, with ac loss in the cable calibrated in separate runs. The extent of upstream temperature increase was explored over a broad range of mass flow rate and deposited power. The experimental behavior is partly reproduced by numerical simulations. The results from the tests are extrapolated to the likely operating conditions of the ITER Toroidal Field conductor with the inboard leg cooled from top to bottom and heat deposited by nuclear radiation from the burning plasma.
Zhang, Yu; Yang, Wei; Han, Dongsheng; Kim, Young-Il
2014-01-01
Environment monitoring is important for the safety of underground coal mine production, and it is also an important application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We put forward an integrated environment monitoring system for underground coal mine, which uses the existing Cable Monitoring System (CMS) as the main body and the WSN with multi-parameter monitoring as the supplementary technique. As CMS techniques are mature, this paper mainly focuses on the WSN and the interconnection between the WSN and the CMS. In order to implement the WSN for underground coal mines, two work modes are designed: periodic inspection and interrupt service; the relevant supporting technologies, such as routing mechanism, collision avoidance, data aggregation, interconnection with the CMS, etc., are proposed and analyzed. As WSN nodes are limited in energy supply, calculation and processing power, an integrated network management scheme is designed in four aspects, i.e., topology management, location management, energy management and fault management. Experiments were carried out both in a laboratory and in a real underground coal mine. The test results indicate that the proposed integrated environment monitoring system for underground coal mines is feasible and all designs performed well as expected. PMID:25051037
Zhang, Yu; Yang, Wei; Han, Dongsheng; Kim, Young-Il
2014-07-21
Environment monitoring is important for the safety of underground coal mine production, and it is also an important application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We put forward an integrated environment monitoring system for underground coal mine, which uses the existing Cable Monitoring System (CMS) as the main body and the WSN with multi-parameter monitoring as the supplementary technique. As CMS techniques are mature, this paper mainly focuses on the WSN and the interconnection between the WSN and the CMS. In order to implement the WSN for underground coal mines, two work modes are designed: periodic inspection and interrupt service; the relevant supporting technologies, such as routing mechanism, collision avoidance, data aggregation, interconnection with the CMS, etc., are proposed and analyzed. As WSN nodes are limited in energy supply, calculation and processing power, an integrated network management scheme is designed in four aspects, i.e., topology management, location management, energy management and fault management. Experiments were carried out both in a laboratory and in a real underground coal mine. The test results indicate that the proposed integrated environment monitoring system for underground coal mines is feasible and all designs performed well as expected.
Corrosion study on high power feeding of telecomunication copper cable in 5 wt.% CaSO4.2H2O solution
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shamsudin, Shaiful Rizam; Hashim, Nabihah; Ibrahim, Mohd Saiful Bahri; Rahman, Muhammad Sayuzi Abdul; Idrus, Muhammad Amin; Hassan, Mohd Rezadzudin; Abdullah, Wan Razli Wan
2016-07-01
The studies were carried out to find out the best powering scheme over the copper telephone line. It was expected that the application of the higher power feeding could increase the data transfer and capable of providing the customer's satisfaction. To realize the application of higher remote power feeding, the potential of corrosion problem on Cu cables was studied. The natural corrosion behaviour of copper cable in the 0.5% CaSO4.2H2O solution was studied in term of open circuit potential for 30 days. The corrosion behaviour of higher power feeding was studied by the immersion and the planned interval test to determine the corrosion rate as well as the effect of voltage magnitudes and the current scheme i.e. positive direct (DC+) and alternating current (AC) at about 0.40 ± 0.01 mA/ cm2 current density. In the immersion test, both DC+ and AC scheme showed the increasing of feeding voltage magnitude has increased the corrosion rate of Cu samples starting from 60 to 100 volts. It was then reduced at about 100 - 120 volts which may due to the passive and transpassive mechanism. The corrosion rate was slowly reduced further from 120 to 200 volts. Visually, the positively charged of Cu cable was seems susceptible to severe corrosion, while AC scheme exhibited a slight corrosion reaction on the surface. However, the planned interval test and XRD results showed the corrosion activity of the copper cable in the studied solution was a relatively slow process and considered not to be corroded as a partially protective scale of copper oxide formed on the surface.
The Bottom Line: Cable Telegraphy and the Rise of Field Theory in the Victorian British Empire
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hunt, Bruce
The networks of telegraph wires and undersea cables that began to spread across the world in the 1840s and 1850s had far-reaching effects on commerce and the dissemination of news. They also had deep effects on electrical science. In this paper, I will argue that what might at first appear to be a prime example of pure science--the development of electromagnetic field theory in Britain in the middle decades of the 19th century--was in fact driven in important ways by developments in the telegraph industry, particularly British scientists' and engineers' encounters with puzzling new phenomenon of the `retardation' of signals that turned up on underground wires and undersea cables in the early 1850s.
Measured losses in superconductor magnets for 60-Hertz ac operation.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hamlet, I. L.; Kilgore, R. A.
1971-01-01
Results of an experimental study of electrical losses in superconductor magnets. Preliminary 60-Hz ac loss data are presented for coils constructed of Nb3Sn ribbon, Nb-Ti cable, and multifilament Nb-Ti. Losses have been measured for different size coils up to approximately 20 cm in diameter. Of the conductor types tested, Nb3Sn ribbon has the lowest losses for ac operation. In Nb3Sn-ribbon coils of different sizes, the loss per unit length of conductor is shown to decrease with a decrease in the rate of change of current and to increase, in general, with increase in coil size. An important aspect of the study is the high degree of repeatability of the data.
Allais, Arnaud; Schmidt, Frank; Marzahn, Erik
2010-05-04
A superconductor cable is described, having a superconductive flexible cable core (1) , which is laid in a cryostat (2, 3, 4), in which the cable core (1) runs in the cryostat (2, 3, 4) in the form of a wave or helix at room temperature.
Assessing the effects of underground mining activities on high-voltage overhead power lines
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gusev, Vladimir; Zhuravlyov, Alexei; Maliukhina, Elena
2017-11-01
This paper introduces a technique for predictive assessment of changes in the position of power transmission towers and condition of overhead power lines, located in the zone of influence of displacements and deformations of the Earth's surface caused by mining activities. A special approach for monitoring the technical condition of towers and cables is proposed. It is intended to address the issue of controlling the condition of transmission lines that are under the influence of underground mining activities and to checkmate such impact.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dobra, R.; Pasculescu, D.; Risteiu, M.; Buica, G.; Jevremović, V.
2017-06-01
This paper describe some possibilities to minimize voltages switching-off risks from the mining power networks, in case of insulated resistance faults by using a predictive diagnose method. The cables from the neutral insulated power networks (underground mining) are designed to provide a flexible electrical connection between portable or mobile equipment and a point of supply, including main feeder cable for continuous miners, pump cable, and power supply cable. An electronic protection for insulated resistance of mining power cables can be made using this predictive strategy. The main role of electronic relays for insulation resistance degradation of the electrical power cables, from neutral insulated power networks, is to provide a permanent measurement of the insulated resistance between phases and ground, in order to switch-off voltage when the resistance value is below a standard value. The automat system of protection is able to signalize the failure and the human operator will be early informed about the switch-off power and will have time to take proper measures to fix the failure. This logic for fast and automat switch-off voltage without aprioristic announcement is suitable for the electrical installations, realizing so a protection against fires and explosion. It is presented an algorithm and an anticipative relay for insulated resistance control from three-phase low voltage installations with insulated neutral connection.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Vacri, M. L. di; Nisi, S.; Balata, M.
2013-08-08
The measurement of naturally occurring low level radioactivity background in a high voltage (HV) cable by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP MS) is presented in this work. The measurements were performed at the Chemistry Service of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. The contributions to the radioactive background coming from the different components of the heterogeneous material were separated. Based on the mass fraction of the cable, the whole contamination was calculated. The HR ICP MS results were cross-checked by gamma ray spectroscopy analysis that was performed at the low background facility STELLA (Sub Terranean Low Levelmore » Assay) of the LNGS underground lab using HPGe detectors.« less
Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge with CFRP Cables
Xie, Xu; Li, Xiaozhang; Shen, Yonggang
2014-01-01
In this study, the scope of CFRP cables in cable-stayed bridges is studied by establishing a numerical model of a 1400-m span of the same. The mechanical properties and characteristics of CFRP stay cables and of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are here subjected to comprehensive analysis. The anomalies in the damping properties of free vibration, nonlinear parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration between steel cables and CFRP cables are determined. The structural stiffness, wind resistance and traffic vibration of the cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are also analyzed. It was found that the static performances of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables and steel cables are basically the same. The natural frequencies of CFRP cables do not coincide with the major natural frequencies of the cable-stayed bridge, so the likelihood of CFRP cable-bridge coupling vibration is minuscule. For CFRP cables, the response amplitudes of both parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration are smaller than those of steel cables. It can be concluded from the research that the use of CFRP cables does not change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. Therefore, they can be used in long-span cable-stayed bridges with an excellent mechanical performance. PMID:28788710
Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge with CFRP Cables.
Xie, Xu; Li, Xiaozhang; Shen, Yonggang
2014-06-23
In this study, the scope of CFRP cables in cable-stayed bridges is studied by establishing a numerical model of a 1400-m span of the same. The mechanical properties and characteristics of CFRP stay cables and of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are here subjected to comprehensive analysis. The anomalies in the damping properties of free vibration, nonlinear parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration between steel cables and CFRP cables are determined. The structural stiffness, wind resistance and traffic vibration of the cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are also analyzed. It was found that the static performances of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables and steel cables are basically the same. The natural frequencies of CFRP cables do not coincide with the major natural frequencies of the cable-stayed bridge, so the likelihood of CFRP cable-bridge coupling vibration is minuscule. For CFRP cables, the response amplitudes of both parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration are smaller than those of steel cables. It can be concluded from the research that the use of CFRP cables does not change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. Therefore, they can be used in long-span cable-stayed bridges with an excellent mechanical performance.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ohsaki, H.; Matsushita, N.; Koseki, T.; Tomita, M.
2014-05-01
The application of superconducting power cables to DC electric railway systems has been studied. It could leads to an effective use of regenerative brake, improved energy efficiency, effective load sharing among the substations, etc. In this study, an electric circuit model of a DC feeding system is built and numerical simulation is carried out using MATLAB-Simulink software. A modified electric circuit model with an AC power grid connection taken into account is also created to simulate the influence of the grid connection. The analyses have proved that a certain amount of energy can be conserved by introducing superconducting cables, and that electric load distribution and concentration among the substations depend on the substation output voltage distribution.
System for stabilizing cable phase delay utilizing a coaxial cable under pressure
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Clements, P. A. (Inventor)
1974-01-01
Stabilizing the phase delay of signals passing through a pressurizable coaxial cable is disclosed. Signals from an appropriate source at a selected frequency, e.g., 100 MHz, are sent through the controlled cable from a first cable end to a second cable end which, electrically, is open or heavily mismatched at 100 MHz, thereby reflecting 100 MHz signals back to the first cable end. Thereat, the phase difference between the reflected-back signals and the signals from the source is detected by a phase detector. The output of the latter is used to control the flow of gas to or from the cable, thereby controlling the cable pressure, which in turn affects the cable phase delay.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Federal Communications Commission, Washington, DC.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) presents a brief description of cable television and explains some basic regulations pertaining to it. The history of cable regulation covers the initial jurisdiction, economic considerations of the regulation, court tests, and the holding of public hearings. The major provisions of new cable rules are…
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kerley, J.; Eklund, W.; Burkhardt, R.; Rossoni, P.
1992-01-01
The object of the investigation was to solve mechanical problems using cable-in-bending and cable-in-torsion. These problems included robotic contacts, targets, and controls using cable compliance. Studies continued in the use of cable compliance for the handicapped and the elderly. These included work stations, walkers, prosthetic knee joints, elbow joints, and wrist joints. More than half of these objects were met, and models were made and studies completed on most of the others. It was concluded that the many different and versatile solutions obtained only opened the door to many future challenges.
Research to develop guidelines for cathodic protection of concentric neutral cables, volume 1
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hanck, J. A.; Nekoksa, G.
1981-08-01
Data associated with corrosion of concentric neutrals (CN) of direct buried cables from field tests conducted at 36 bellholes excavated in California, Oklahoma, and North Carolina are presented. The electrochemical, chemical, bacteriological, and sieve analyses of native soil and imported backfill samples are included. Up to 129 values were determined for each bellhole and stored on cards as a data bank. All values were statistically analyzed and correlated with corrosion found. The severity of corrosion correlated best with CN corrosion potentials, CN resistance measurements, coarseness of backfill, and soil resistivity. The guidelines for installation of cathodic protection on CN cables are to be based upon the evaluation of over 100 experimental cathodic protection systems and upon laboratory testing for protection criteria with and without ac effects.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cable Television Information Center, Washington, DC.
A guide to the economic factors that influence cable television systems is presented. Designed for local officials who must have some familiarity with cable operations in order to make optimum decisions, the guide analyzes the financial framework of a cable system, not only from the operators viewpoint, but also from the perspective of the…
Beus, Michael J.; McCoy, William G.
1998-01-01
Apparatus for sensing the magnitude of a load on a cable as the cable is employed to support the load includes a beam structure clamped to the cable so that a length of the cable lies along the beam structure. A spacer associated with the beam structure forces a slight curvature in a portion of the length of cable under a cable "no-load" condition so that the portion of the length of cable is spaced from the beam structure to define a cable curved portion. A strain gauge circuit including strain gauges is secured to the beam structure by welding. As the cable is employed to support a load the load causes the cable curved portion to exert a force normal to the cable through the spacer and on the beam structure to deform the beam structure as the cable curved portion attempts to straighten under the load. As this deformation takes place, the resistance of the strain gauges is set to a value proportional to the magnitude of the normal strain on the beam structure during such deformation. The magnitude of the normal strain is manipulated in a control device to generate a value equal to the magnitude or weight of the load supported by the cable.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Vanvalkenburgh, C.
1985-01-01
Concept allows routing easily changed. No custom hardware required in concept. Instead, standard brackets cut to length and installed at selected locations along cable route. If cable route is changed, brackets simply moved to new locations. Concept for "universal" cable brackets make it easy to route electrical cable around and through virtually any structure.
Multistrand superconductor cable
Borden, Albert R.
1985-01-01
Improved multistrand Rutherford-type superconductor cable is produced by using strands which are preformed, prior to being wound into the cable, so that each strand has a variable cross section, with successive portions having a substantially round cross section, a transitional oval cross section, a rectangular cross section, a transitional oval cross section, a round cross section and so forth, in repetitive cycles along the length of the strand. The cable is wound and flattened so that the portions of rectangular cross section extend across the two flat sides of the cable at the strand angle. The portions of round cross section are bent at the edges of the flattened cable, so as to extend between the two flat sides. The rectangular portions of the strands slide easily over one another, so as to facilitate flexing and bending of the cable, while also minimizing the possibility of causing damage to the strands by such flexing or bending. Moreover, the improved cable substantially maintains its compactness and cross-sectional shape when the cable is flexed or bent.
105. VIEW NORTH FROM SLC3W CABLE TUNNEL INTO CABLE VAULT ...
105. VIEW NORTH FROM SLC-3W CABLE TUNNEL INTO CABLE VAULT AND SLC-3E CABLE TUNNEL. NOTE WOODEN PLANKING ON FLOOR OF TUNNEL AND CABLE TRAYS LINING TUNNEL WALLS. STAIRS ON EAST WALL OF CABLE VAULT LEAD INTO LANDLINE INSTRUMENTATION ROOM. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Operations Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA
Tremblay, Jaëlle; Mac-Thiong, Jean-Marc; Brailovski, Vladimir; Petit, Yvan
2015-09-01
This study investigates the use of braided tubular superelastic cables, previously used for sternum closure following sternotomy, as sublaminar fixation method. It compares the biomechanical performance of spinal instrumentation fixation systems with regular sublaminar cables and proprietary superelastic cables. A hybrid experimental protocol was applied to six porcine L1-L4 spinal segments to compare multifilament sublaminar cables (Atlas, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN) with proprietary superelastic cables. First, intact total range of motion was determined for all specimens using pure moment loading. Second, pure moments were imposed to the instrumented specimens until these intact total ranges of motion were reproduced. Compared to the intact specimens, the use of superelastic cables resulted in stiffer instrumented specimens than the use of multifilament cables for all the loading modes except axial torsion. Consequently, the superelastic cables limited the instrumented segments mobility more than the multifilament cables. Spinal instrumentation fixation systems using superelastic cables could be a good alternative to conventional sublaminar cables as it maintains a constant stabilization of the spine during loading. © IMechE 2015.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Pietryk, Steven
The primary purpose of the VOWTAP was to advance the offshore wind industry in the United States (U.S.) by demonstrating innovative technologies and process solutions that would establish offshore wind as a cost-effective renewable energy resource. The VOWTAP Team proposed to design, construct, and operate a 12 megawatt (MW) offshore wind facility located approximately 27 statute miles (mi) (24 nautical miles [nm], 43 kilometers [km]) off the coast of Virginia. The proposed Project would consist of two Alstom Haliade™ 150-6 MW turbines mounted on inward battered guide structures (IBGS), a 34.5-kilovolt (kV) alternating current (AC) submarine cable interconnecting the WTGsmore » (inter-array cable), a 34.5-kV AC submarine transmission cable (export cable), and a 34.5 kV underground cable (onshore interconnection cable) that would connect the Project with existing Dominion infrastructure located in Virginia Beach, Virginia (Figure 1). Interconnection with the existing Dominion infrastructure would also require an onshore switch cabinet, a fiber optic cable, and new interconnection station to be located entirely within the boundaries of the Camp Pendleton State Military Reservation (Camp Pendleton). The VOWTAP balanced technology innovation with commercial readiness such that turbine operations were anticipated to commence by 2018. Dominion, as the leaseholder of the Virginia Wind Energy Area (WEA), anticipated leveraging lessons learned through the VOWTAP, and applying them to future commercial-scale offshore wind development.« less
Fiber optic submarine cables cuts cost modeling and cable protection aspects
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Al-Lawati, Ali
2015-03-01
This work presents a model to calculate costs associated with submarine fiber optic cable cuts. It accounts for both fixed and variable factors determining cost of fixing cables and restoring data transmission. It considers duration of a cut, capacity of fibers, number of fiber pairs and expected number of cuts during cable life time. Moreover, it provides templates for initial feasibility assessments by comparing cut costs to cost of different cable protection schemes. It offers a needed tool to assist in guiding decision makers in selecting type of cable, length and depth of cable burial in terms of increase in initial investment due to adapting such protection methods, and compare it to cost of cuts repair and alternative restoration paths for data.
Allais, Arnaud [Hannover, DE; Schmidt, Frank [Langenhagen, DE
2009-12-15
A superconductor cable includes a superconductive cable core (1) and a cryostat (2) enclosing the same. The cable core (1) has a superconductive conductor (3), an insulation (4) surrounding the same and a shielding (5) surrounding the insulation (4). A layer (3b) of a dielectric or semiconducting material is applied to a central element (3a) formed from a normally conducting material as a strand or tube and a layer (3c) of at least one wire or strip of superconductive material is placed helically on top. The central element (3a) and the layer (3c) are connected to each other in an electrically conducting manner at the ends of the cable core (1).
Cable equation for general geometry
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
López-Sánchez, Erick J.; Romero, Juan M.
2017-02-01
The cable equation describes the voltage in a straight cylindrical cable, and this model has been employed to model electrical potential in dendrites and axons. However, sometimes this equation might give incorrect predictions for some realistic geometries, in particular when the radius of the cable changes significantly. Cables with a nonconstant radius are important for some phenomena, for example, discrete swellings along the axons appear in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, human immunodeficiency virus associated dementia, and multiple sclerosis. In this paper, using the Frenet-Serret frame, we propose a generalized cable equation for a general cable geometry. This generalized equation depends on geometric quantities such as the curvature and torsion of the cable. We show that when the cable has a constant circular cross section, the first fundamental form of the cable can be simplified and the generalized cable equation depends on neither the curvature nor the torsion of the cable. Additionally, we find an exact solution for an ideal cable which has a particular variable circular cross section and zero curvature. For this case we show that when the cross section of the cable increases the voltage decreases. Inspired by this ideal case, we rewrite the generalized cable equation as a diffusion equation with a source term generated by the cable geometry. This source term depends on the cable cross-sectional area and its derivates. In addition, we study different cables with swelling and provide their numerical solutions. The numerical solutions show that when the cross section of the cable has abrupt changes, its voltage is smaller than the voltage in the cylindrical cable. Furthermore, these numerical solutions show that the voltage can be affected by geometrical inhomogeneities on the cable.
Gas Transport and Detection Following Underground Nuclear Explosions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Carrigan, C. R.; Sun, Y.; Wagoner, J. L.; Zucca, J. J.
2011-12-01
Some extremely rare radioactive noble gases are by-products of underground nuclear explosions, and the detection of significant levels of these gases (e.g., Xe-133 and Ar-37) at the surface is a very strong indicator of the occurrence of an underground nuclear event. Because of their uniqueness, such noble gas signatures can be confirmatory of the nuclear nature of an event while signatures from other important detection methods, such as anomalous seismicity, are generally not. As a result, noble gas detection at a suspected underground nuclear test site is considered to be the most important technique available to inspectors operating under the On-Site-Inspection protocol of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. A one-kiloton chemical underground explosion, the Non-Proliferation Experiment (NPE), was carried out at the Nevada Test Site in 1993 and represented the first On-Site-Inspection oriented test of subsurface gas transport with subsequent detection at the surface using soil gas sampling methods. A major conclusion of the experiment was that noble gases from underground nuclear tests have a good possibility of being detected even if the test is well contained. From this experiment and from computer simulations, we have also learned significant lessons about the modes of gas transport to the surface and the importance of careful subsurface sampling to optimize the detected noble gas signature. Understanding transport and sampling processes for a very wide range of geologic and testing scenarios presents significant challenges that we are currently addressing using sensitivity studies, which we attempt to verify using experiments such as the NPE and a new subsurface gas migration experiment that is now being undertaken at the National Center for Nuclear Security. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Cason, R. L.; Mcstay, J. J.; Heymann, A. P., Sr.
1979-01-01
Inexpensive system automatically indicates location of short-circuited section of power cable. Monitor does not require that cable be disconnected from its power source or that test signals be applied. Instead, ground-current sensors are installed in manholes or at other selected locations along cable run. When fault occurs, sensors transmit information about fault location to control center. Repair crew can be sent to location and cable can be returned to service with minimum of downtime.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sobral, S.T.; Barbosa, J.O.; Numes, J.V.C.
1988-10-01
This paper shows some special ground potential rise characteristics of substations fed by power cables. These characteristics were detected during the study of the interconnected ground system of 14 step-down urban substations fed by the 138 kV underground cable network serving the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro city in Brazil. As this type of system is very common in large cities, the subject can be of general interest for the industry. It was verified that when a fault occurs at a ''cable substation'' (a substation fed exclusively by power cables), almost no ground potential effects were detected at themore » faulted substation or at the other ''cable substations'' of the 138 kV network. However, high values of ground potential occurred at the ''transition substations'' (substations in which the power cables are connected to overhead 138 kV transmission lines, with steel groundwires). That ground potential was enough to produce shocks and equipment damage in certain ''transition substations''. It was verified that this problem has no relation with potential transfer. The paper shows also that the utilization of overhead lines with ACSR groundwires on the initial spans closer to the ''transition substation'' would be enough to avoid the problem. Even if the ACSR conductor is used only at the initial section of one of the lines, a reduction of the problem would be obtained. The paper shows also that the utilization of ACSR ground-wires near the ''transition substations'' contributes to reduce the amount of the copper necessary to control step, touch and mess potentials in these substations. Additional mitigation procedures are also examined in the paper.« less
Cable and Line Inspection Mechanism
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ross, Terence J. (Inventor)
2003-01-01
An automated cable and line inspection mechanism visually scans the entire surface of a cable as the mechanism travels along the cable=s length. The mechanism includes a drive system, a video camera, a mirror assembly for providing the camera with a 360 degree view of the cable, and a laser micrometer for measuring the cable=s diameter. The drive system includes an electric motor and a plurality of drive wheels and tension wheels for engaging the cable or line to be inspected, and driving the mechanism along the cable. The mirror assembly includes mirrors that are positioned to project multiple images of the cable on the camera lens, each of which is of a different portion of the cable. A data transceiver and a video transmitter are preferably employed for transmission of video images, data and commands between the mechanism and a remote control station.
Cable and line inspection mechanism
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ross, Terence J. (Inventor)
2003-01-01
An automated cable and line inspection mechanism visually scans the entire surface of a cable as the mechanism travels along the cable=s length. The mechanism includes a drive system, a video camera, a mirror assembly for providing the camera with a 360 degree view of the cable, and a laser micrometer for measuring the cable=s diameter. The drive system includes an electric motor and a plurality of drive wheels and tension wheels for engaging the cable or line to be inspected, and driving the mechanism along the cable. The mirror assembly includes mirrors that are positioned to project multiple images of the cable on the camera lens, each of which is of a different portion of the cable. A data transceiver and a video transmitter are preferably employed for transmission of video images, data and commands between the mechanism and a remote control station.
Parametrically excited oscillation of stay cable and its control in cable-stayed bridges.
Sun, Bing-nan; Wang, Zhi-gang; Ko, J M; Ni, Y Q
2003-01-01
This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic model for simulation and analysis of a kind of parametrically excited vibration of stay cable caused by support motion in cable-stayed bridges. The sag, inclination angle of the stay cable are considered in the model, based on which, the oscillation mechanism and dynamic response characteristics of this kind of vibration are analyzed through numerical calculation. It is noted that parametrically excited oscillation of a stay cable with certain sag, inclination angle and initial static tension force may occur in cable-stayed bridges due to deck vibration under the condition that the natural frequency of a cable approaches to about half of the first model frequency of the bridge deck system. A new vibration control system installed on the cable anchorage is proposed as a possible damping system to suppress the cable parametric oscillation. The numerical calculation results showed that with the use of this damping system, the cable oscillation due to the vibration of the deck and/or towers will be considerably reduced.
Electronically controlled cable wrapper
Young, Thomas M.
1984-01-01
A spindle assembly engages and moves along a length of cable to be wrapped with insulating tape. Reels of insulating tape are mounted on a outer rotatable spindle which revolves around the cable to dispense insulating tape. The rate of movement of the spindle assembly along the length of the cable is controlled by a stepper motor which is programmably synchronized to the rate at which rotatable spindle wraps the cable. The stepper motor drives a roller which engages the cable and moves the spindle assembly along the length of the cable as it is being wrapped. The spindle assembly is mounted at the end of an articulated arm which allows free movement of the spindle assembly and allows the spindle assembly to follow lateral movement of the cable.
Electronically controlled cable wrapper
Young, T.M.
1982-08-17
A spindle assembly engages and moves along a length of cable to be wrapped with insulating tape. Reels of insulating tape are mounted on a outer rotatable spindle which revolves around the cable to dispense insulating tape. The rate of movement of the spindle assembly along the length of the cable is controlled by a stepper motor which is programmably synchronized to the rate at which rotatable spindle wraps the cable. The stepper motor drives a roller which engages the cable and moves the spindle assembly along the length of the cable as it is being wrapped. The spindle assembly is mounted at the end of an articulated arm which allows free movement of the spindle assembly and allows the spindle assembly to follow lateral movement of the cable.
A New Multiconstraint Method for Determining the Optimal Cable Stresses in Cable-Stayed Bridges
Asgari, B.; Osman, S. A.; Adnan, A.
2014-01-01
Cable-stayed bridges are one of the most popular types of long-span bridges. The structural behaviour of cable-stayed bridges is sensitive to the load distribution between the girder, pylons, and cables. The determination of pretensioning cable stresses is critical in the cable-stayed bridge design procedure. By finding the optimum stresses in cables, the load and moment distribution of the bridge can be improved. In recent years, different research works have studied iterative and modern methods to find optimum stresses of cables. However, most of the proposed methods have limitations in optimising the structural performance of cable-stayed bridges. This paper presents a multiconstraint optimisation method to specify the optimum cable forces in cable-stayed bridges. The proposed optimisation method produces less bending moments and stresses in the bridge members and requires shorter simulation time than other proposed methods. The results of comparative study show that the proposed method is more successful in restricting the deck and pylon displacements and providing uniform deck moment distribution than unit load method (ULM). The final design of cable-stayed bridges can be optimised considerably through proposed multiconstraint optimisation method. PMID:25050400
A new multiconstraint method for determining the optimal cable stresses in cable-stayed bridges.
Asgari, B; Osman, S A; Adnan, A
2014-01-01
Cable-stayed bridges are one of the most popular types of long-span bridges. The structural behaviour of cable-stayed bridges is sensitive to the load distribution between the girder, pylons, and cables. The determination of pretensioning cable stresses is critical in the cable-stayed bridge design procedure. By finding the optimum stresses in cables, the load and moment distribution of the bridge can be improved. In recent years, different research works have studied iterative and modern methods to find optimum stresses of cables. However, most of the proposed methods have limitations in optimising the structural performance of cable-stayed bridges. This paper presents a multiconstraint optimisation method to specify the optimum cable forces in cable-stayed bridges. The proposed optimisation method produces less bending moments and stresses in the bridge members and requires shorter simulation time than other proposed methods. The results of comparative study show that the proposed method is more successful in restricting the deck and pylon displacements and providing uniform deck moment distribution than unit load method (ULM). The final design of cable-stayed bridges can be optimised considerably through proposed multiconstraint optimisation method.
Multistrand superconductor cable
Borden, A.R.
1984-03-08
Improved multistrand Rutherford-type superconductor cable is produced by using strands which are preformed, prior to being wound into the cable, so that each strand has a variable cross section, with successive portions having a substantially round cross section, a transitional oval cross section, a rectangular cross section, a transitional oval cross section, a round cross section and so forth, in repetitive cycles along the length of the strand. The cable is wound and flattened so that the portions of rectangular cross section extend across the two flat sides of the cable at the strand angle. The portions of round cross section are bent at the edges of the flattened cable, so as to extend between the two flat sides. The rectangular portions of the strands slide easil
Simulation of the cabling process for Rutherford cables: An advanced finite element model
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cabanes, J.; Garlasche, M.; Bordini, B.; Dallocchio, A.
2016-12-01
In all existing large particle accelerators (Tevatron, HERA, RHIC, LHC) the main superconducting magnets are based on Rutherford cables, which are characterized by having: strands fully transposed with respect to the magnetic field, a significant compaction that assures a large engineering critical current density and a geometry that allows efficient winding of the coils. The Nb3Sn magnets developed in the framework of the HL-LHC project for improving the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are also based on Rutherford cables. Due to the characteristics of Nb3Sn wires, the cabling process has become a crucial step in the magnet manufacturing. During cabling the wires experience large plastic deformations that strongly modify the geometrical dimensions of the sub-elements constituting the superconducting strand. These deformations are particularly severe on the cable edges and can result in a significant reduction of the cable critical current as well as of the Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR) of the stabilizing copper. In order to understand the main parameters that rule the cabling process and their impact on the cable performance, CERN has developed a 3D Finite Element (FE) model based on the LS-Dyna® software that simulates the whole cabling process. In the paper the model is presented together with a comparison between experimental and numerical results for a copper cable produced at CERN.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tomita, Masaru
The development of a superconducting cable for railways has commenced, assuming that a DC transmission cable will be used for electric trains. The cable has been fabricated based on the results of current testing of a superconducting wire, and various evaluation tests have been performed to determine the characteristics of the cable. A superconducting transmission cable having zero electrical resistance and suitable for railway use is expected to enhance regeneration efficiency, reduce power losses, achieve load leveling and integration of sub-stations, and reduce rail potential.
The creation of high-temperature superconducting cables of megawatt range in Russia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sytnikov, V. E.; Bemert, S. E.; Krivetsky, I. V.; Romashov, M. A.; Popov, D. A.; Fedotov, E. V.; Komandenko, O. V.
2015-12-01
Urgent problems of the power industry in the 21st century require the creation of smart energy systems, providing a high effectiveness of generation, transmission, and consumption of electric power. Simultaneously, the requirements for controllability of power systems and ecological and resource-saving characteristics at all stages of production and distribution of electric power are increased. One of the decision methods of many problems of the power industry is the development of new high-efficiency electrical equipment for smart power systems based on superconducting technologies to ensure a qualitatively new level of functioning of the electric power industry. The intensive research and development of new types of electrical devices based on superconductors are being carried out in many industrialized advanced countries. Interest in such developments has especially increased in recent years owing to the discovery of so-called high-temperature superconductors (HTS) that do not require complicated and expensive cooling devices. Such devices can operate at cooling by inexpensive and easily accessible liquid nitrogen. Taking into account the obvious advantages of superconducting cable lines for the transmission of large power flows through an electrical network, as compared with conventional cables, the Federal Grid Company of Unified Energy System (JSC FGC UES) initiated a research and development program including the creation of superconducting HTS AC and DC cable lines. Two cable lines for the transmitted power of 50 MVA/MW at 20 kV were manufactured and tested within the framework of the program.
Wireless system for explosion detection in underground structures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chikhradze, M.; Bochorishvili, N.; Akhvlediani, I.; Kukhalashvili, D.; Kalichava, I.; Mataradze, E.
2009-06-01
Considering the growing threat of terrorist or accidental explosions in underground stations, underground highway and railway sections improvement of system for protecting people from explosions appears urgent. Current automatic protective devices with blast identification module and blast damping absorbers of various designs as their basic elements cannot be considered effective. Analysis revealed that low reliability of blast detection and delayed generation of start signal for the activation of an absorber are the major disadvantages of protective devices. Besides the transmission of trigger signal to an energy absorber through cable communication reduces the reliability of the operation of protective device due to a possible damage of electric wiring under blast or mechanical attack. This paper presents the outcomes of the studies conducted to select accurate criteria for blast identification and to design wireless system of activation of defensive device. The results of testing of blast detection methods (seismic, EMP, optical, on overpressure) showed that the proposed method, which implies constant monitoring of overpressure in terms of its reliability and response speed, best meets the requirements. Proposed wireless system for explosions identification and activation of protective device consists of transmitter and receiver modules. Transmitter module contains sensor and microprocessor equipped with blast identification software. Receiver module produces activation signal for operation of absorber. Tests were performed in the underground experimental base of Mining Institute. The time between the moment of receiving signal by the sensor and activation of absorber - 640 microsecond; distance between transmitter and receiver in direct tunnel - at least 150m; in tunnel with 900 bending - 50m. This research is sponsored by NATO's Public Diplomacy Division in the framework of "Science for Peace".
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Caro, Edward R. (Inventor); Bonazza, Walter J. (Inventor)
1987-01-01
A coaxial cable connector is provided, which resists radio frequency breakdown in coaxial cables used in the vacuum of outer space. The connector body surrounds an insulator which includes an easily compressible elastomeric portion. An insulated coaxial cable is prepared so that its insulation projects beyond the outer conductor and compresses the elastomeric portion of the connector insulator.
Noise from implantable Cooper cable.
Carrington, V; Zhou, L; Donaldson, N
2005-09-01
Cooper cable is made for implanted devices, usually for connection to stimulating electrodes. An experiment has been performed to see whether these cables would be satisfactory for recording electroneurogram (ENG) signals from cuffs. Four cables were subjected to continuous flexion at 2 Hz while submerged in saline. The cables were connected to a low-noise amplifier, and the noise was measured using a spectrum analyser. These cables had not fractured after 184 million flexions, and the noise in the neural band (500-5000 Hz) had not increased owing to age. Noise in the ENG band increased by less than 3 dB owing to the motion. A fifth, worn cable did fail during the experiment, the conductors becoming exposed to the saline, but this was only apparent by extra noise when the cable was in motion. After 184 million flexions, the four cables were given a more severe test: instead of being connected to the amplifier reference node, two of the four cores of each cable were connected to 18V batteries. Two of the cables were then noisier, but only when in motion, presumably because of leakage between cores. Cooper cables are excellent for transmitting neural signals alone; transmission in one cable of neural signals and power supplies should be avoided if possible.
Cable Tensiometer for Aircraft
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Nunnelee, Mark (Inventor)
2008-01-01
The invention is a cable tensiometer that can be used on aircraft for real-time, in-flight cable tension measurements. The invention can be used on any aircraft cables with high precision. The invention is extremely light-weight, hangs on the cable being tested and uses a dual bending beam design with a high mill-volt output to determine tension.
Improved models of cable-to-post attachments for high-tension cable barriers.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2012-05-01
Computer simulation models were developed to analyze and evaluate a new cable-to-post attachment for high-tension cable : barriers. The models replicated the performance of a keyway bolt currently used in the design of a high-tension cable : median b...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hartley, M. D.; Jaques, R. E.
1986-11-01
The Canadian Electrical Code and the National Building Code in Canada recognize only two designations in regards to fire resistance of cables; cables for use in combustible (residential) buildings and cables for use in non-combustible buildings. The Test standard for cables for non-combustible buildings resembles IEEE-383. However, it is more severe; particularly for small nonarmoured cables such as Inside Wiring Cable. This forthcoming requirement has necessitated material and product development. Although an Inside Wiring cable modification of both insulation and jacket was undertaken, the large volume fraction of combustible material in the jacket vis a vis the insulation made it the area of greatest impact. The paper outlines the development and its effect on cable performance.
Method to improve superconductor cable
Borden, A.R.
1984-03-08
A method is disclosed of making a stranded superconductor cable having improved flexing and bending characteristics. In such method, a plurality of superconductor strands are helically wound around a cylindrical portion of a mandrel which tapers along a transitional portion to a flat end portion. The helically wound strands form a multistrand hollow cable which is partially flattened by pressure rollers as the cable travels along the transitional portion. The partially flattened cable is impacted with repeated hammer blows as the hollow cable travels along the flat end portion. The hammer blows flatten both the internal and the external surfaces of the strands. The cable is fully flattened and compacted by two sets of pressure rollers which engage the flat sides and the edges of the cable after it has traveled away from the flat end portion of the mandrel. The flattened internal surfaces slide easily over one another when the cable is flexed or bent so that there is very little possibility that the cable will be damaged by the necessary flexing and bending required to wind the cable into magnet coils.
Space Flight Cable Model Development
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Spak, Kaitlin
2013-01-01
This work concentrates the modeling efforts presented in last year's VSGC conference paper, "Model Development for Cable-Harnessed Beams." The focus is narrowed to modeling of space-flight cables only, as a reliable damped cable model is not yet readily available and is necessary to continue modeling cable-harnessed space structures. New experimental data is presented, eliminating the low-frequency noise that plagued the first year's efforts. The distributed transfer function method is applied to a single section of space flight cable for Euler-Bernoulli and shear beams. The work presented here will be developed into a damped cable model that can be incorporated into an interconnected beam-cable system. The overall goal of this work is to accurately predict natural frequencies and modal damping ratios for cabled space structures.
Hybrid AC-High Voltage DC Grid Stability and Controls
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yu, Jicheng
The growth of energy demands in recent years has been increasing faster than the expansion of transmission facility construction. This tendency cooperating with the continuous investing on the renewable energy resources drives the research, development, and construction of HVDC projects to create a more reliable, affordable, and environmentally friendly power grid. Constructing the hybrid AC-HVDC grid is a significant move in the development of the HVDC techniques; the form of dc system is evolving from the point-to-point stand-alone dc links to the embedded HVDC system and the multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) system. The MTDC is a solution for the renewable energy interconnections, and the MTDC grids can improve the power system reliability, flexibility in economic dispatches, and converter/cable utilizing efficiencies. The dissertation reviews the HVDC technologies, discusses the stability issues regarding the ac and HVDC connections, proposes a novel power oscillation control strategy to improve system stability, and develops a nonlinear voltage droop control strategy for the MTDC grid. To verify the effectiveness the proposed power oscillation control strategy, a long distance paralleled AC-HVDC transmission test system is employed. Based on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform simulation results, the proposed power oscillation control strategy can improve the system dynamic performance and attenuate the power oscillations effectively. To validate the nonlinear voltage droop control strategy, three droop controls schemes are designed according to the proposed nonlinear voltage droop control design procedures. These control schemes are tested in a hybrid AC-MTDC system. The hybrid AC-MTDC system, which is first proposed in this dissertation, consists of two ac grids, two wind farms and a five-terminal HVDC grid connecting them. Simulation studies are performed in the PSCAD/EMTDC platform. According to the simulation results, all the three design schemes have their unique salient
15. CLOSEUP VIEW OF SOUTHEAST CABLE BOLT, SUSPENSION CABLE, AND ...
15. CLOSE-UP VIEW OF SOUTHEAST CABLE BOLT, SUSPENSION CABLE, AND CONCRETE ANCHORING BLOCK, LOOKING SOUTHEAST - San Rafael Bridge, Spanning San Rafael River near Buckhorn Wash, Castle Dale, Emery County, UT
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Medelius, Pedro J. (Inventor); Simpson, Howard J. (Inventor)
1999-01-01
A cable tester is described for low frequency testing of a cable for faults. The tester allows for testing a cable beyond a point where a signal conditioner is installed, minimizing the number of connections which have to be disconnected. A magnetic pickup coil is described for detecting a test signal injected into the cable. A narrow bandpass filter is described for increasing detection of the test signal. The bandpass filter reduces noise so that a high gain amplifier provided for detecting a test signal is not completely saturate by noise. To further increase the accuracy of the cable tester, processing gain is achieved by comparing the signal from the amplifier with at least one reference signal emulating the low frequency input signal injected into the cable. Different processing techniques are described evaluating a detected signal.
Cable coupling lightning transient qualification
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Cook, M.
1989-01-01
Simulated lightning strike testing of instrumentation cabling on the redesigned solid rocket motor was performed. Testing consisted of subjecting the lightning evaluation test article to simulated lightning strikes and evaluating the effects of instrumentation cable transients on cables within the system tunnel. The maximum short-circuit current induced onto a United Space Boosters, Inc., operational flight cable within the systems tunnel was 92 A, and the maximum induced open-circuit voltage was 316 V. These levels were extrapolated to the worst-case (200 kA) condition of NASA specification NSTS 07636 and were also scaled to full-scale redesigned solid rocket motor dimensions. Testing showed that voltage coupling to cables within the systems tunnel can be reduced 40 to 90 dB and that current coupling to cables within the systems tunnel can be reduced 30 to 70 dB with the use of braided metallic sock shields around cables that are external to the systems tunnel. Testing also showed that current and voltage levels induced onto cables within the systems tunnel are partially dependant on the cables' relative locations within the systems tunnel. Results of current injections to the systems tunnel indicate that the dominant coupling mode on cables within the systems tunnel is not from instrumentation cables but from coupling through the systems tunnel cover seam apertures. It is recommended that methods of improving the electrical bonding between individual sections of the systems tunnel covers be evaluated. Further testing to better characterize redesigned solid rocket motor cable coupling effects as an aid in developing methods to reduce coupling levels, particularly with respect to cable placement within the systems tunnel, is also recommended.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Clements, P. A.
1975-01-01
It was found that group delay is function of pressure in air dielectric coaxial cable. For example, 600-ft air dielectric cable will change phase 10 deg at 150 MHz when air pressure in cable changes from zero to 20 psi.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1989-01-01
NASA Tech Brief's provided Sonics Associates, Inc. with a method of saving many hours of testing time and money. James B. Cawthon, Sonics Vice-President, read about a device developed at Ames Research Center. Sonics adapted the device and produced an effective tester that uses a clocked shift register to apply a voltage to a cable under test. This is the active part of the Ames development, and the passive is a small box containing light emitting diodes (LEDs). When connected to the other end of the tested cable, the LEDs light in the same sequence as the generator. This procedure allows the technician to immediately identify a miswired cable.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Farmer, Moses G. (Inventor)
1990-01-01
A windmill is disclosed which includes an airframe having an upwind end and a downwind end. The first rotor is rotatably connected to the airframe, and a generator is supported by the airframe and driven by the rotor. The airframe is supported vertically in an elevated disposition by poles which extend vertically upwardly from the ground and support cables which extend between the vertical poles. Suspension cables suspend the airframe from the support cable.
The creation of high-temperature superconducting cables of megawatt range in Russia
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sytnikov, V. E., E-mail: vsytnikov@gmail.com; Bemert, S. E.; Krivetsky, I. V.
Urgent problems of the power industry in the 21st century require the creation of smart energy systems, providing a high effectiveness of generation, transmission, and consumption of electric power. Simultaneously, the requirements for controllability of power systems and ecological and resource-saving characteristics at all stages of production and distribution of electric power are increased. One of the decision methods of many problems of the power industry is the development of new high-efficiency electrical equipment for smart power systems based on superconducting technologies to ensure a qualitatively new level of functioning of the electric power industry. The intensive research and developmentmore » of new types of electrical devices based on superconductors are being carried out in many industrialized advanced countries. Interest in such developments has especially increased in recent years owing to the discovery of so-called high-temperature superconductors (HTS) that do not require complicated and expensive cooling devices. Such devices can operate at cooling by inexpensive and easily accessible liquid nitrogen. Taking into account the obvious advantages of superconducting cable lines for the transmission of large power flows through an electrical network, as compared with conventional cables, the Federal Grid Company of Unified Energy System (JSC FGC UES) initiated a research and development program including the creation of superconducting HTS AC and DC cable lines. Two cable lines for the transmitted power of 50 MVA/MW at 20 kV were manufactured and tested within the framework of the program.« less
Actin cable dynamics in budding yeast
Yang, Hyeong-Cheol; Pon, Liza A.
2002-01-01
Actin cables, bundles of actin filaments that align along the long axis of budding yeast, are crucial for establishment of cell polarity. We fused green fluorescent protein (GFP) to actin binding protein 140 (Abp140p) and visualized actin cable dynamics in living yeast. We detected two populations of actin cables: (i) bud-associated cables, which extend from the bud along the mother-bud axis, and (ii) randomly oriented cables, which are relatively short. Time-lapse imaging of Abp140p–GFP revealed an apparent increase in the length of bud-associated actin cables. Analysis of movement of Abp140p–GFP fiduciary marks on bud-associated cables and fluorescence loss in photobleaching experiments revealed that this apparent elongation occurs by assembly of new material at the end of the cable within the bud and movement of the opposite end of the cable toward the tip of the mother cell distal to the bud. The rate of extension of the tip of an elongating actin cable is 0.29 ± 0.08 μm/s. Latrunculin A (Lat-A) treatment completely blocked this process. We also observed movement of randomly oriented cables around the cortex of cells at a rate of 0.59 ± 0.14 μm/s. Mild treatment with Lat-A did not affect the velocity of movement of randomly oriented cables. However, Lat-A treatment did increase the number of randomly oriented, motile cables per cell. Our observations suggest that establishment of bud-associated actin cables during the cell cycle is accomplished not by realignment of existing cables but by assembly of new cables within the bud or bud neck, followed by elongation. PMID:11805329
Cable Television; A Bibliographic Review.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schoenung, James
This bibliographic review of publications in the field of cable television begins with an introduction to cable television and an outline of the history and development of cable television. Particular attention is given to the regulatory activities of the Federal Communications Commission and the unfulfilled potential of cable television. The…
Investigation of cables for ionization chambers.
Spokas, J J; Meeker, R D
1980-01-01
Seven coaxial cables which are in use for carrying currents generated in ionization chambers have been critically studied with reference to their suitability to this application. Included in this study are four low-noise triaxial cables and three low-noise two-conductor cables. For each cable the following characteristics were considered: inherent noise currents, currents produced by cable movements, polarization currents, the degree of electrostatic shielding of the central signal-carrying conductor, and radiation-induced cable currents. The study indicated that of the seven cables, two low-noise triaxial cables, both employing solid Teflon dielectric surrounding the central conductor, appear to offer the best overall performance for use with ionization chambers.
52. View of sitdown cable car, cable way, and stream ...
52. View of sit-down cable car, cable way, and stream gaging station, looking southeast. Photo by Robin Lee Tedder, Puget Power, 1989. - Puget Sound Power & Light Company, White River Hydroelectric Project, 600 North River Avenue, Dieringer, Pierce County, WA
51. View of sitdown cable car and cable way for ...
51. View of sit-down cable car and cable way for stream gaging, looking west. Photo by Robin Lee Tedder, Puget Power, 1989. - Puget Sound Power & Light Company, White River Hydroelectric Project, 600 North River Avenue, Dieringer, Pierce County, WA
30 CFR 7.407 - Test for flame resistance of electric cables and cable splices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of electric cables... Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.407 Test for flame resistance of electric... a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21.1 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...
30 CFR 7.407 - Test for flame resistance of electric cables and cable splices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of electric cables... Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.407 Test for flame resistance of electric... a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21.1 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...
30 CFR 7.407 - Test for flame resistance of electric cables and cable splices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of electric cables... Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.407 Test for flame resistance of electric... a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21.1 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...
Roose, L.D.
1996-12-10
Molds for use in making end moldings for high-voltage cables are described wherein the dielectric insulator of a cable is heated and molded to conform to a desired shape. As a consequence, high quality substantially bubble-free cable connectors suitable for mating to premanufactured fittings are made. 5 figs.
Cable Television: Franchising Considerations.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Baer, Walter S.; And Others
This volume is a comprehensive reference guide to cable television technology and issues of planning, franchising, and regulating a cable system. It is intended for local government officials and citizens concerned with the development of cable television systems in their communities, as well as for college and university classes in…
5. VIEW OF CABLE SHED AND CABLE TRAY EMANATING FROM ...
5. VIEW OF CABLE SHED AND CABLE TRAY EMANATING FROM SOUTH FACE OF LAUNCH OPERATIONS BUILDING. MICROWAVE DISH IN FOREGROUND. METEOROLOGICAL TOWER IN BACKGROUND. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Operations Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Public Service Satellite Consortium, Washington, DC.
This report summarizes a survey of 198 libraries which had been identified as potential cable libraries which assessed: (1) to what extent a national satellite cable library network might already be in technical existence, (2) how many libraries are connected to cooperative cable companies with satellite hardware and excess receiver capacity, and…
Colleges and Cable Franchising.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Glenn, Neal D.
After noting issues of audience appeal and financial and philosophical support for educational broadcasting, this paper urges community colleges to play an active role in the process of cable franchising. The paper first describes a cable franchise as a contract between a government unit and the cable television (CATV) company which specifies what…
Research on ReBCO and MgB2 Wires and Cables at the University of Twente
2015-09-15
unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT This is a report of the effect of transverse load and combined tensile/ torsion stress on the current...were subjected to magnetic fields and other tests and various measurements taken. The report includes mechanical performance of cables in strain, AC...and combined controlled tensile and torsion stress on the degradation of the current carrying capability
14 CFR 25.689 - Cable systems.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.689 Cable systems. (a) Each cable, cable fitting, turnbuckle, splice, and pulley must be approved. In addition— (1) No cable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Cable systems. 25.689 Section 25.689...
Disposable telemetry cable deployment system
Holcomb, David Joseph
2000-01-01
A disposable telemetry cable deployment system for facilitating information retrieval while drilling a well includes a cable spool adapted for insertion into a drill string and an unarmored fiber optic cable spooled onto the spool cable and having a downhole end and a stinger end. Connected to the cable spool is a rigid stinger which extends through a kelly of the drilling apparatus. A data transmission device for transmitting data to a data acquisition system is disposed either within or on the upper end of the rigid stinger.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Zanelli, C.; Philbrick, S.; Beretta, G.
1986-01-01
Besides describing the experiments conducted to develop a nonflammable cable, this article discusses several considerations regarding other hazards which might result from cable fires, particularly the toxicity and opacity of the fumes emitted by the burning cable. In addition, this article examines the effects of using the Oxygen Index as a gauge of quality control during manufacture.
Effects of EMF emissions from undersea electric cables on coral reef fish.
Kilfoyle, Audie K; Jermain, Robert F; Dhanak, Manhar R; Huston, Joseph P; Spieler, Richard E
2018-01-01
The objective of this study was to determine if electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions from undersea power cables impacted local marine life, with an emphasis on coral reef fish. The work was done at the South Florida Ocean Measurement Facility of Naval Surface Warfare Center in Broward County, Florida, which has a range of active undersea detection and data transmission cables. EMF emissions from a selected cable were created during non-destructive visual fish surveys on SCUBA. During surveys, the transmission of either alternating current (AC), direct current (DC), or none (OFF) was randomly initiated by the facility at a specified time. Visual surveys were conducted using standardized transect and point-count methods to acquire reef fish abundances and species richness prior to and immediately after a change in transmission frequency. The divers were also tasked to note the reaction of the reef fish to the immediate change in EMF during a power transition. In general, analysis of the data did not find statistical differences among power states and any variables. However, this may be a Type II error as there are strong indications of a potential difference of a higher abundance of reef fish at the sites when the power was off, and further study is warranted. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:35-52, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bredberg, Alan S.
2003-01-01
A versatile cable-dispensing cart can support as many as a few dozen reels of cable, wire, and/or rope. The cart can be adjusted to accommodate reels of various diameters and widths, and can be expanded, contracted, or otherwise reconfigured by use of easily installable and removable parts that can be carried onboard. Among these parts are dispensing rods and a cable guide that enables dispensing of cables without affecting the direction of pull. Individual reels can be mounted on or removed from the cart without affecting the other reels: this feature facilitates the replacement or reuse of partially depleted reels, thereby helping to reduce waste. Multiple cables, wires, or ropes can be dispensed simultaneously. For maneuverability, the cart is mounted on three wheels. Once it has been positioned, the cart is supported by rubber mounts for stability and for prevention of sliding or rolling during dispensing operations. The stability and safety of the cart are enhanced by a low-center-of-gravity design. The cart can readily be disassembled into smaller units for storage or shipping, then reassembled in the desired configuration at a job site.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ralph, John
1992-01-01
Bergen Cable Technology (BCT) has introduced a new product they refer to as 'safety cable'. This product is intended as a replacement for lockwire when installed per Aerospace Standard (AS) 4536 (included in Appendix D of this document). Installation of safety cable is reportedly faster and more uniform than lockwire. NASA/GSFC proposes to use this safety cable in Shuttle Small Payloads Project (SSPP) applications on upcoming Shuttle missions. To assure that BCT safety cable will provide positive locking of fasteners equivalent to lockwire, the SSPP will conduct vibration and pull tests of the safety cable.
Shape accuracy optimization for cable-rib tension deployable antenna structure with tensioned cables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, Ruiwei; Guo, Hongwei; Liu, Rongqiang; Wang, Hongxiang; Tang, Dewei; Song, Xiaoke
2017-11-01
Shape accuracy is of substantial importance in deployable structures as the demand for large-scale deployable structures in various fields, especially in aerospace engineering, increases. The main purpose of this paper is to present a shape accuracy optimization method to find the optimal pretensions for the desired shape of cable-rib tension deployable antenna structure with tensioned cables. First, an analysis model of the deployable structure is established by using finite element method. In this model, geometrical nonlinearity is considered for the cable element and beam element. Flexible deformations of the deployable structure under the action of cable network and tensioned cables are subsequently analyzed separately. Moreover, the influence of pretension of tensioned cables on natural frequencies is studied. Based on the results, a genetic algorithm is used to find a set of reasonable pretension and thus minimize structural deformation under the first natural frequency constraint. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to analyze the deployable structure under two kinds of constraints. Results show that the shape accuracy and natural frequencies of deployable structure can be effectively improved by pretension optimization.
Effects of EMF Emissions from Cables and Junction Boxes on Marine Species
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Dhanak, Manhar; Spieler, Richard; Kilfoyle, Kirk
Studies have shown that diverse aquatic species are electrosensitive. Many fishes, and marine mammals, can either detect, navigate by, or are affected by electromagnetic fields (EMF) with various sensitivities, and their behavior may be impacted by unnatural EMF emissions in the water column. Sharks, rays and skates are known to have the highest sensitivity to electric fields. Electric field emissions in the range 0.5–100 micro volt/m appear to attract them, and emissions over 100 micro volt/m to repulse them. A marine hydrokinetic MHK device will have multiple components and associated multiple submarine cables on the seafloor and running through themore » water column and would potentially increase the level of EMF emissions to which the marine species at the site may be exposed to. There are therefore concerns amongst stakeholders that EMF emissions associated with MHK devices and their components may act as barriers to species migration, cause disorientation, change community compositions and ecosystems, and that they may attract sharks, leading to a local increase in the risk of shark attacks. However, field data to validate and model potential relationships between observed responses and the EMF emissions in situ are sparse. A program of experimental field surveys were conducted off the coast of South Florida, USA to characterize the electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions in the water column from a submarine cable, and to monitor for responses of local aquatic species. The field surveys were conducted at the South Florida Ocean Measurement Facility (SFOMF) off Fort Lauderdale, which is a cabled offshore in-water navy range. It consists of multiple active submarine power cables and a number of junction boxes, with the capability to transmit AC/DC power at a range of strength and frequencies. The site includes significant marine life activities and community structure, including highly mobile species, such as sharks, stingrays, mammals and turtles. SFOMF
Integrated Structural and Cable Connector
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Totah, R. S.
1982-01-01
Ball-and-socket coupling includes fiber-optic cable. Three steps couple two parts of fiber-optic cable: ball is inserted into socket; cone is released in, and cable moves toward plug. Sleeve is pulled to end of its travel and cable and plug are mated. Device is a quick-connect/disconnect coupling that has application in hazardous environments, such as space, undersea and nuclear installations.
4. VIEW OF CABLE SHED AND CABLE TRAY EMANATING FROM ...
4. VIEW OF CABLE SHED AND CABLE TRAY EMANATING FROM NORTH FACE OF LAUNCH OPERATIONS BUILDING. TOPS OF BUNKER PERISCOPE AND FLAGPOLE ON ROOF OF LAUNCH OPERATIONS BUILDING IN BACKGROUND - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Operations Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA
2015-09-09
AVC‐VTN‐15‐G06 “Underground Explosions” By Vitaly V. Adushkin and Alexander...Language Book "UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS" Drs. Vitaly V. Adushkin and Alexander A. Spivak Dr. Anastasia Stroujkova and Professor Paul Richards Weston...SAQMMA13M2475 DOS/AVC/MNA UNLIMITED “Underground Explosions”, a Russian language book authored by Drs. Vitaly V. Adushkin and Alexander A. Spivak has been
Development of inspection robots for bridge cables.
Yun, Hae-Bum; Kim, Se-Hoon; Wu, Liuliu; Lee, Jong-Jae
2013-01-01
This paper presents the bridge cable inspection robot developed in Korea. Two types of the cable inspection robots were developed for cable-suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridge. The design of the robot system and performance of the NDT techniques associated with the cable inspection robot are discussed. A review on recent advances in emerging robot-based inspection technologies for bridge cables and current bridge cable inspection methods is also presented.
EVALUATION OF FLOORPAN TEARING AND CABLE SPLICES FOR CABLE BARRIER SYSTEMS
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2017-05-26
This research effort consisted of two objectives related to components of a prototype cable barrier system. The first objective was to mitigate the potential for vehicle floorpan tearing by modifying the cable guardrail posts. A bogie vehicle was equ...
Photonic-powered cable assembly
Sanderson, Stephen N.; Appel, Titus James; Wrye, IV, Walter C.
2013-01-22
A photonic-cable assembly includes a power source cable connector ("PSCC") coupled to a power receive cable connector ("PRCC") via a fiber cable. The PSCC electrically connects to a first electronic device and houses a photonic power source and an optical data transmitter. The fiber cable includes an optical transmit data path coupled to the optical data transmitter, an optical power path coupled to the photonic power source, and an optical feedback path coupled to provide feedback control to the photonic power source. The PRCC electrically connects to a second electronic device and houses an optical data receiver coupled to the optical transmit data path, a feedback controller coupled to the optical feedback path to control the photonic power source, and a photonic power converter coupled to the optical power path to convert photonic energy received over the optical power path to electrical energy to power components of the PRCC.
Photonic-powered cable assembly
Sanderson, Stephen N; Appel, Titus James; Wrye, IV, Walter C
2014-06-24
A photonic-cable assembly includes a power source cable connector ("PSCC") coupled to a power receive cable connector ("PRCC") via a fiber cable. The PSCC electrically connects to a first electronic device and houses a photonic power source and an optical data transmitter. The fiber cable includes an optical transmit data path coupled to the optical data transmitter, an optical power path coupled to the photonic power source, and an optical feedback path coupled to provide feedback control to the photonic power source. The PRCC electrically connects to a second electronic device and houses an optical data receiver coupled to the optical transmit data path, a feedback controller coupled to the optical feedback path to control the photonic power source, and a photonic power converter coupled to the optical power path to convert photonic energy received over the optical power path to electrical energy to power components of the PRCC.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kogan, I.; Paull, C. K.; Kuhnz, L.; von Thun, S.; Burton, E.; Greene, H. G.; Barry, J. P.
2003-12-01
To better understand the potential impacts of the presence of cables on the seabed, a topic of interest for which little data is published or publicly available, a study of the environmental impacts of the ATOC/Pioneer Seamount cable was conducted. The 95 km long, submarine, coaxial cable extends between Pioneer Seamount and the Pillar Point Air Force Station in Half Moon Bay, California. Approximately two thirds of the cable lies within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The cable is permitted to NOAA- Oceanic and Atmospheric Research for transmitting data from a hydrophone array on Pioneer Seamount to shore. The cable was installed unburied on the seafloor in 1995. The cable path crosses the continental shelf, descends to a maximum depth of 1,933 m, and climbs back upslope to 998 m depth near the crest of Pioneer Seamount. A total of 42 hours of video and 152 push cores were collected in 10 stations along cable and control transects using the ROVs Ventana and Tiburon equipped with cable-tracking tools. The condition of the cable, its effect on the seafloor, and distribution of benthic megafauna and infauna were determined. Video data indicated the nature of interaction between the cable and the seafloor. Rocky nearshore areas, where wave energies are greatest, showed the clearest evidence of impact. Here, evidence of abrasion included frayed and unraveling portions of the cable's armor and vertical grooves in the rock apparently cut by the cable. The greatest incision and armor damage occurred on ledges between spans in irregular rock outcrop areas. Unlike the nearshore rocky region, neither the rocks nor the cable appeared damaged along outcrops on Pioneer Seamount. Multiple loops of slack cable added during a 1997 cable repair operation were found lying flat on the seafloor. Several sharp kinks in the cable were seen at 240 m water depths in an area subjected to intense trawling activity. Most of the cable has become buried with time in sediment
Development of Inspection Robots for Bridge Cables
Kim, Se-Hoon; Lee, Jong-Jae
2013-01-01
This paper presents the bridge cable inspection robot developed in Korea. Two types of the cable inspection robots were developed for cable-suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridge. The design of the robot system and performance of the NDT techniques associated with the cable inspection robot are discussed. A review on recent advances in emerging robot-based inspection technologies for bridge cables and current bridge cable inspection methods is also presented. PMID:24459453
Internal coaxial cable seal system
Hall, David R.; Sneddon, Cameron; Dahlgren, Scott Steven; Briscoe, Michael A.
2006-07-25
The invention is a seal system for a coaxial cable and is placed within the coaxial cable and its constituent components. A series of seal stacks including load ring components and elastomeric rings are placed on load bearing members within the coaxial cable sealing the annular space between the coaxial cable and an electrical contact passing there through. The coaxial cable is disposed within drilling components to transmit electrical signals between drilling components within a drill string. The seal system can be used in a variety of downhole components, such as sections of pipe in a drill string, drill collars, heavy weight drill pipe, and jars.
Flat conductor cable commercialization project
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hogarth, P.; Wadsworth, E.
1977-01-01
An undercarpet flat conductor cable and a baseboard flat conductor cable system were studied for commercialization. The undercarpet system is designed for use in office and commercial buildings. It employs a flat power cable, protected by a grounded metal shield, that terminates in receptacles mounted on the floor. It is designed to interface with a flat conductor cable telephone system. The baseboard system consists of a flat power cable mounted in a plastic raceway; both the raceway and the receptacles are mounted on the surface of the baseboard. It is designed primarily for use in residential buildings, particularly for renovation and concrete and masonry construction.
Cabling design for phased arrays
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kruger, I. D.; Turkiewicz, L.
1972-01-01
The ribbon-cabling system used for the AEGIS phased array which provides minimum cable bulk, complete EMI shielding, rugged mechanical design, repeatable electrical characteristics, and ease of assembly and maintenance is described. The ribbon cables are 0.040-inch thick, and in widths up to 2 1/2 inches. Their terminations are molded connectors that can be grouped in a three-tier arrangement, with cable branching accomplished by a matrix-welding technique.
Self-healing cable apparatus and methods
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Huston, Dryver (Inventor); Esser, Brian (Inventor)
2007-01-01
Self-healing cable apparatus and methods are disclosed. The cable has a central core surrounded by an adaptive cover that can extend over the entire length of the cable or just one or more portions of the cable. The adaptive cover includes a protective layer having an initial damage resistance, and a reactive layer. When the cable is subjected to a localized damaging force, the reactive layer responds by creating a corresponding localized self-healed region. The self-healed region provides the cable with enhanced damage resistance as compared to the cable's initial damage resistance. Embodiments of the invention utilize conventional epoxies or foaming materials in the reactive layer that are released to form the self-healed region when the damaging force reaches the reactive layer.
Wang, S.T.
1994-11-01
A wire cable assembly adapted for the winding of electrical coils is taught. A primary intended use is for use in particle tube assemblies for the Superconducting Super Collider. The correction coil cables have wires collected in wire array with a center rib sandwiched therebetween to form a core assembly. The core assembly is surrounded by an assembly housing having an inner spiral wrap and a counter wound outer spiral wrap. An alternate embodiment of the invention is rolled into a keystoned shape to improve radial alignment of the correction coil cable on a particle tube in a particle tube assembly. 7 figs.
Cables and connectors: A compilation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1974-01-01
A technological compilation on devices and techniques for various types of electrical cables and connections is presented. Data are reported under three sections: flat conductor cable technology, newly developed electrical connectors, and miscellaneous articles and information on cables and connector techniques.
Cable deformation simulation and a hierarchical framework for Nb3Sn Rutherford cables
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Arbelaez, D.; Prestemon, S. O.; Ferracin, P.
2009-09-13
Knowledge of the three-dimensional strain state induced in the superconducting filaments due to loads on Rutherford cables is essential to analyze the performance of Nb{sub 3}Sn magnets. Due to the large range of length scales involved, we develop a hierarchical computational scheme that includes models at both the cable and strand levels. At the Rutherford cable level, where the strands are treated as a homogeneous medium, a three-dimensional computational model is developed to determine the deformed shape of the cable that can subsequently be used to determine the strain state under specified loading conditions, which may be of thermal, magnetic,more » and mechanical origins. The results can then be transferred to the model at the strand/macro-filament level for rod restack process (RRP) strands, where the geometric details of the strand are included. This hierarchical scheme can be used to estimate the three-dimensional strain state in the conductor as well as to determine the effective properties of the strands and cables from the properties of individual components. Examples of the modeling results obtained for the orthotropic mechanical properties of the Rutherford cables are presented.« less
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1979-01-01
NASA-Arnes' major recommendations involved ways of extending cable life in the interests of safety and economy. Other recommendations included redesign of the cablegripping device, substitution of modern braking mechanisms, improvements in cable pulleys and other components, and new inspection and repair procedures. Ames followed up by designing and installing new equipment to lengthen cable life, which averages only about two months. These cables-four of them for four different car routes--are endless belts, like ski lift cables, running from the downtown car barn to the end of each line. When a cable is installed, the loop is closed by splicing the ends together in a 72-footlong splice. The splice is the weakest part of the cable and a source of problems. When the car operator applies his grip while over a splice, the resulting friction sometimes causes the splice to "unbraid" and fail; this means shutting down the line until the splice can be repaired. Even when unbraiding does not occur, gripping a splice shortens cable life by friction wear. Worn cables are a safety hazard and must be replaced, which is expensive at $1.60 a foot for 10,000 to 20,000 feet of cable.
Process of modifying a cable end
Roose, L.D.
1995-08-01
End moldings for high-voltage cables are described wherein the dielectric insulator of the cable is heated and molded to conform to a desired shape. As a consequence, high quality substantially bubble-free cable connectors suitable for mating to premanufactured fittings are made. Disclosed are a method for making the cable connectors either in the field or in a factory, molds suitable for use with the method, and the molded cable connectors, themselves. 5 figs.
High-acceleration cable deployment
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Barns, C. E.; Canning, T. N.; Gin, B.; King, R. W.; Murphy, J. P.
1980-01-01
Prototype high-acceleration umbilical-cable deployment allows electrical communication between above-ground instrumentation and ballistic projectile below surface. Cable deployment is made up of forebody and afterbody. Foreboy can be separated from afterbody by rocket, or they can be fired as unit at target that stops afterbody on impact (forebody would continue, deploying cable). Similar design could be used in study of sea ice and in other surface-penetration studies.
Acoustic emission monitoring of CFRP cables for cable-stayed bridges
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rizzo, Piervincenzo; Lanza di Scalea, Francesco
2001-08-01
The advantages of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite include excellent corrosion resistance, high specific strength and stiffness, as well as outstanding fatigue behavior. The University of California San Diego's I- 5/Gilman Advanced Technology Bridge Project will help demonstrating the use of such materials in civil infrastructures. This paper presents an acoustic emission (AE) study performed during laboratory proof tests of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer stay-cables of possible use in the I-5/Gilman bridge. Three types of cables, both braided and single strand, were tested to failure at lengths ranging from 5500 mm to 5870 mm. AE allowed to monitor damage initiation and progression in the test pieces more accurately than the conventional load versus displacement curve. All of the cables exhibited acoustic activities revealing some degree of damage well before reaching final collapse, which is expected in FRP's. It was also shown that such cables are excellent acoustic waveguides exhibiting very low acoustic attenuation, which makes them an ideal application for an AE-based health monitoring approach.
Cable in Connecticut; a Citizen's Handbook.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cleland, Margaret
This handbook for Connecticut cable television consumers addresses a variety of topics, including: (1) a definition of cable television services; (2) the public stake in cable television; (3) program variety; (4) pay cable service; (5) public satellites; (6) government regulation; (7) proposed regulation; (8) role of the Connecticut Public…
14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...
14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...
14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...
14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...
14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Jing; Qi, Zhaohui; Wang, Gang
2017-10-01
The dynamic analysis of cable-pulley systems is investigated in this paper, where the time-varying length characteristic of the cable as well as the coupling motion between the cable and the pulleys are considered. The dynamic model for cable-pulley systems are presented based on the principle of virtual power. Firstly, the cubic spline interpolation is adopted for modeling the flexible cable elements and the virtual 1powers of tensile strain, inertia and gravity forces on the cable are formulated. Then, the coupled motions between the cable and the movable or fixed pulley are described by the input and output contact points, based on the no-slip assumption and the spatial description. The virtual powers of inertia, gravity and applied forces on the contact segment of the cable, the movable and fixed pulleys are formulated. In particular, the internal node degrees of freedom of spline cable elements are reduced, which results in that only the independent description parameters of the nodes connected to the pulleys are included in the final governing dynamic equations. At last, two cable-pulley lifting mechanisms are considered as demonstrative application examples where the vibration of the lifting process is investigated. The comparison with ADAMS models is given to prove the validity of the proposed method.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hillenbrand, Christopher F.
1995-03-01
A submarine trails one fiber optic cable and an undersea vehicle is controlled by this first cable. A missile/torpedo trails a second cable that is to be coupled to the first cable. The second cable has a segment suspended vertically underwater between a buoyant pod and a sea anchor type buoy. The undersea vehicle, or autonomous undersea vehicle, (AUV) hunts for the pod by conventional homing components, and cable capturing arms on the vehicle direct the cable's movement relative to the vehicle into a pod mating position that achieves optical coupling of the two cables. In one embodiment two arms are pivotably mounted to the vehicle's sides so one arm captures the suspended cable segment directing it into a slot so a male socket in the underside of the pod mates with a female socket in the slot. Another embodiment accomplishes the same result with a device in which the arms are formed as the off-shoots of a forked cable pickup device in the nose of the AUV.
Cable Television Interconnection.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cable Television Information Center, Washington, DC.
State and local governments have not been involved in the complexities of cable television interconnection issues in the past despite opportunities. Without their intervention, the result may well be a lack of concern for local public services. However, the entertainment and communications industries will interconnect cable systems without the…
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zajarevich, N.; Slezak, V.; Peuriot, A.; Villa, G.; Láttero, A.; Crivicich, R.
2013-09-01
The underground oil-filled cable consists of a hollow copper conductor surrounded by oiled paper which acts as electrical insulation. The oil flows along the conductor and diffuses through it to the insulating paper. A lead sheath is used as the outer retaining wall. As the deterioration of this cover may cause a loss of insulation fluid, its detection is very important since this high voltage and power cable is used in cities even under sidewalks. The method of perfluorocarbon vapor tracers, based on the injection and subsequent detection of these volatile chemical substances in the vicinity of the cable, is one of the most promising methods, so far used in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In this study, the possibility of detecting two different tracers, and , by means of resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy is studied. The beam from a tunable amplitude-modulated laser goes through an aluminum cell with quarter wave filters at both ends of an open resonator and an electret microphone in its center, attached to the walls. The calibration of the system for either substance diluted in chromatographic air showed a higher sensitivity for , so the experiment was completed checking the behavior of this substance in samples prepared with ambient air in order to analyze the application of the system to field studies.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hillenbrand, Christopher F.; Barron, Thomas D.; Nugent, David M.
1995-03-01
A submarine trails one fiber optic cable and an undersea vehicle is controlled by this first cable. A missile/torpedo trails a second cable that is to be coupled to the first cable. The second cable has a segment suspended vertically underwater between a buoyant pod and a sea anchor type buoy. The undersea vehicle, or Autonomous Undersea Vehicle, (AUV) hunts for the pod by conventional homing means. A forked cable pickup device in the nose of the AUV captures the suspended cable segment directing it into a slot so a male socket in the underside of the pod mates with a female socket in the slot.
30 CFR 72.630 - Drill dust control at underground areas of underground mines.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Drill dust control at underground areas of underground mines. 72.630 Section 72.630 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... dust control at underground areas of underground mines. (a) Dust resulting from drilling in rock shall...
Cable Television, Market Power and Regulation.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Thorpe, Kenneth E.
The goals of this dissertation are to provide an empirical examination of the impact of competing technologies on cable television firms and to document existing pricing behavior in the cable and pay programming industry. The introduction provides a brief overview of the cable television industry, including the impact of cable on federal policy…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
New York State Education Dept. , Albany. Bureau of Mass Communications.
Included in this compendium are fifteen documents pertaining to cable television for New York State. Two of the documents deal with the relationships between school districts and the cable operators. The arrangements discussed are from the experiences of the Michigan State School System and the Pasadena, California School District. These reveal…
OTEC riser cable model and prototype testing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kurt, J. P.; Schultz, J. A.; Roblee, L. H. S.
1981-12-01
Two different OTEC riser cables have been developed to span the distance between a floating OTEC power plant and the ocean floor. The major design concerns for a riser cable in the dynamic OTEC environment are fatigue, corrosion, and electrical/mechanical aging of the cable components. The basic properties of the cable materials were studied through tests on model cables and on samples of cable materials. Full-scale prototype cables were manufactured and were tested to measure their electrical and mechanical properties and performance. The full-scale testing was culminated by the electrical/mechanical fatigue test, which exposes full-scale cables to simultaneous tension, bending and electrical loads, all in a natural seawater environment.
Instrumentation Cables Test Plan
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Muna, Alice Baca; LaFleur, Chris Bensdotter
A fire at a nuclear power plant (NPP) has the potential to damage structures, systems, and components important to safety, if not promptly detected and suppressed. At Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant on March 22, 1975, a fire in the reactor building damaged electrical power and control systems. Damage to instrumentation cables impeded the function of both normal and standby reactor coolant systems, and degraded the operators’ plant monitoring capability. This event resulted in additional NRC involvement with utilities to ensure that NPPs are properly protected from fire as intended by the NRC principle design criteria (i.e., general design criteriamore » 3, Fire Protection). Current guidance and methods for both deterministic and performance based approaches typically make conservative (bounding) assumptions regarding the fire-induced failure modes of instrumentation cables and those failure modes effects on component and system response. Numerous fire testing programs have been conducted in the past to evaluate the failure modes and effects of electrical cables exposed to severe thermal conditions. However, that testing has primarily focused on control circuits with only a limited number of tests performed on instrumentation circuits. In 2001, the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) conducted a series of cable fire tests designed to address specific aspects of the cable failure and circuit fault issues of concern1. The NRC was invited to observe and participate in that program. The NRC sponsored Sandia National Laboratories to support this participation, whom among other things, added a 4-20 mA instrumentation circuit and instrumentation cabling to six of the tests. Although limited, one insight drawn from those instrumentation circuits tests was that the failure characteristics appeared to depend on the cable insulation material. The results showed that for thermoset insulated cables, the instrument reading tended
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rammage, Robert L.
1990-10-01
A device for sequentially testing the plurality of connectors in a wiring harness is disclosed. The harness is attached to the tester by means of adapter cables and a rotary switch is used to sequentially, individually test the connectors by passing a current through the connector. If the connector is unbroken, a light will flash to show it is electrically sound. The adapters allow a large number of cable configurations to be tested using a single tester configuration.
Charge-Dissipative Electrical Cables
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kolasinski, John R.; Wollack, Edward J.
2004-01-01
Electrical cables that dissipate spurious static electric charges, in addition to performing their main functions of conducting signals, have been developed. These cables are intended for use in trapped-ion or ionizing-radiation environments, in which electric charges tend to accumulate within, and on the surfaces of, dielectric layers of cables. If the charging rate exceeds the dissipation rate, charges can accumulate in excessive amounts, giving rise to high-current discharges that can damage electronic circuitry and/or systems connected to it. The basic idea of design and operation of charge-dissipative electrical cables is to drain spurious charges to ground by use of lossy (slightly electrically conductive) dielectric layers, possibly in conjunction with drain wires and/or drain shields (see figure). In typical cases, the drain wires and/or drain shields could be electrically grounded via the connector assemblies at the ends of the cables, in any of the conventional techniques for grounding signal conductors and signal shields. In some cases, signal shields could double as drain shields.
GEOS-20 m cable boom mechanism
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Schmidt, B. K.; Suttner, K.
1977-01-01
The GEOS cable boom mechanism allows the controlled deployment of a 20 m long cable in a centrifugal force field. In launch configuration the flat cable is reeled on a 240 mm diameter drum. The electrical connection between the rotating drum and the stationary housing is accomplished via a flexlead positioned inside the drum. Active motion control of this drum is achieved by a self locking worm gear, driven by a stepper motor. The deployment length of the cable is monitored by an optical length indicator, sensing black bars engraved on the cable surface.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Othman, M. F.; Kurniawan, R.; Schramm, D.; Ariffin, A. K.
2018-05-01
Modeling a cable model in multibody dynamics simulation tool which dynamically varies in length, mass and stiffness is a challenging task. Simulation of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPR) for instance requires a cable model that can dynamically change in length for every desired pose of the platform. Thus, in this paper, a detailed procedure for modeling and simulation of a dynamic cable model in Dymola is proposed. The approach is also applicable for other types of Modelica simulation environments. The cable is modeled using standard mechanical elements like mass, spring, damper and joint. The parameters of the cable model are based on the factsheet of the manufacturer and experimental results. Its dynamic ability is tested by applying it on a complete planar CDPR model in which the parameters are based on a prototype named CABLAR, which is developed in Chair of Mechatronics, University of Duisburg-Essen. The prototype has been developed to demonstrate an application of CDPR as a goods storage and retrieval machine. The performance of the cable model during the simulation is analyzed and discussed.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Glass, Samuel W.; Jones, Anthony M.; Fifield, Leonard S.
This Pacific Northwest National Laboratory milestone report describes progress to date on the investigation of nondestructive test methods focusing particularly on bulk electrical test methods that provide key indicators of cable aging and damage. The work includes a review of relevant literature as well as hands-on experimental verification of inspection capabilities. As nuclear power plants consider applying for second, or subsequent, license renewal to extend their operating period from 60 years to 80 years, it is important to understand how the materials installed in plant systems and components will age during that time and develop aging management programs to assuremore » continued safe operation under normal and design basis events (DBE). Normal component and system tests typically confirm the cables can perform their normal operational function. The focus of the cable test program, however, is directed toward the more demanding challenge of assuring the cable function under accident or DBE. The industry has adopted 50% elongation at break (EAB) relative to the un-aged cable condition as the acceptability standard. All tests are benchmarked against the cable EAB test. EAB, however, is a destructive test so the test programs must apply an array of other nondestructive examination (NDE) tests to assure or infer the overall set of cable’s system integrity. Assessment of cable integrity is further complicated in many cases by vendor’s use of dissimilar material for jacket and insulation. Frequently the jacket will degrade more rapidly than the underlying insulation. Although this can serve as an early alert to cable damage, direct test of the cable insulation without violating the protective jacket becomes problematic. This report addresses the range of bulk electrical NDE cable tests that are or could be practically implemented in a field-test situation with a particular focus on frequency domain reflectometry (FDR). The FDR test method offers numerous
Self-healing cable for extreme environments
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Huston, Dryver R. (Inventor); Tolmie, Bernard R. (Inventor)
2009-01-01
Self-healing cable apparatus and methods disclosed. The self-healing cable has a central core surrounded by an adaptive cover that can extend over the entire length of the self-healing cable or just one or more portions of the self-healing cable. The adaptive cover includes an axially and/or radially compressible-expandable (C/E) foam layer that maintains its properties over a wide range of environmental conditions. A tape layer surrounds the C/E layer and is applied so that it surrounds and axially and/or radially compresses the C/E layer. When the self-healing cable is subjected to a damaging force that causes a breach in the outer jacket and the tape layer, the corresponding localized axially and/or radially compressed portion of the C/E foam layer expands into the breach to form a corresponding localized self-healed region. The self-healing cable is manufacturable with present-day commercial self-healing cable manufacturing tools.
Analytical and numerical construction of equivalent cables.
Lindsay, K A; Rosenberg, J R; Tucker, G
2003-08-01
The mathematical complexity experienced when applying cable theory to arbitrarily branched dendrites has lead to the development of a simple representation of any branched dendrite called the equivalent cable. The equivalent cable is an unbranched model of a dendrite and a one-to-one mapping of potentials and currents on the branched model to those on the unbranched model, and vice versa. The piecewise uniform cable, with a symmetrised tri-diagonal system matrix, is shown to represent the canonical form for an equivalent cable. Through a novel application of the Laplace transform it is demonstrated that an arbitrary branched model of a dendrite can be transformed to the canonical form of an equivalent cable. The characteristic properties of the equivalent cable are extracted from the matrix for the transformed branched model. The one-to-one mapping follows automatically from the construction of the equivalent cable. The equivalent cable is used to provide a new procedure for characterising the location of synaptic contacts on spinal interneurons.
TIERRAS: A package to simulate high energy cosmic ray showers underground, underwater and under-ice
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tueros, Matías; Sciutto, Sergio
2010-02-01
In this paper we present TIERRAS, a Monte Carlo simulation program based on the well-known AIRES air shower simulations system that enables the propagation of particle cascades underground, providing a tool to study particles arriving underground from a primary cosmic ray on the atmosphere or to initiate cascades directly underground and propagate them, exiting into the atmosphere if necessary. We show several cross-checks of its results against CORSIKA, FLUKA, GEANT and ZHS simulations and we make some considerations regarding its possible use and limitations. The first results of full underground shower simulations are presented, as an example of the package capabilities. Program summaryProgram title: TIERRAS for AIRES Catalogue identifier: AEFO_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEFO_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 36 489 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3 261 669 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran 77 and C Computer: PC, Alpha, IBM, HP, Silicon Graphics and Sun workstations Operating system: Linux, DEC Unix, AIX, SunOS, Unix System V RAM: 22 Mb bytes Classification: 1.1 External routines: TIERRAS requires AIRES 2.8.4 to be installed on the system. AIRES 2.8.4 can be downloaded from http://www.fisica.unlp.edu.ar/auger/aires/eg_AiresDownload.html. Nature of problem: Simulation of high and ultra high energy underground particle showers. Solution method: Modification of the AIRES 2.8.4 code to accommodate underground conditions. Restrictions: In AIRES some processes that are not statistically significant on the atmosphere are not simulated. In particular, it does not include muon photonuclear processes. This imposes a limitation on the application of this package to a depth of
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kalba, Kas, Ed.
1972-01-01
An entire issue of the "Yale Review of Law and Social Action" has been devoted to 12 articles providing views on potential benefits and pitfalls of cable television in contrast to the picture provided by the Sloan Commission Report. The goal further unifying these articles is that of waging the argument for an expanded cable television policy.…
On the Cable; The Television of Abundance. Report of the Sloan Commission on Cable Communications.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, New York, NY.
The Sloan Commission report on cable television surveys the history and technology of cable television and suggests the prospects and possibilities the medium offers to the American public. The possible impact of cable television on over-the-air television is projected, and the possible shape of entertainment, news and opinion, public services,…
Superconducting flat tape cable magnet
Takayasu, Makoto
2015-08-11
A method for winding a coil magnet with the stacked tape cables, and a coil so wound. The winding process is controlled and various shape coils can be wound by twisting about the longitudinal axis of the cable and bending following the easy bend direction during winding, so that sharp local bending can be obtained by adjusting the twist pitch. Stack-tape cable is twisted while being wound, instead of being twisted in a straight configuration and then wound. In certain embodiments, the straight length should be half of the cable twist-pitch or a multiple of it.
47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...
47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...
47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...
47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...
Flat conductor cable design, manufacture, and installation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Angele, W.; Hankins, J. D.
1973-01-01
Pertinent information for hardware selection, design, manufacture, and quality control necessary for flat conductor cable interconnecting harness application is presented. Comparisons are made between round wire cable and flat conductor cable. The flat conductor cable interconnecting harness systems show major cost, weight, and space savings, plus increased system performance and reliability. The design application section includes electrical characteristics, harness design and development, and a full treatise on EMC considerations. Manufacturing and quality control sections pertain primarily to the developed conductor-contact connector system and special flat conductor cable to round wire cable transitions.
30 CFR 75.827 - Guarding of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... grounded metal. (b) Suspended cables and cable crossovers. When equipment must cross any portion of the cable, the cable must be either: (1) Suspended from the mine roof; or (2) Protected by a cable crossover...
30 CFR 75.827 - Guarding of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... grounded metal. (b) Suspended cables and cable crossovers. When equipment must cross any portion of the cable, the cable must be either: (1) Suspended from the mine roof; or (2) Protected by a cable crossover...
30 CFR 75.827 - Guarding of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... grounded metal. (b) Suspended cables and cable crossovers. When equipment must cross any portion of the cable, the cable must be either: (1) Suspended from the mine roof; or (2) Protected by a cable crossover...
30 CFR 75.827 - Guarding of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... grounded metal. (b) Suspended cables and cable crossovers. When equipment must cross any portion of the cable, the cable must be either: (1) Suspended from the mine roof; or (2) Protected by a cable crossover...
Wang, Sou-Tien
1994-11-01
A wire cable assembly (10, 310) adapted for the winding of electrical coils is taught. A primary intended use is for use in particle tube assemblies (532) for the superconducting super collider. The correction coil cables (10, 310) have wires (14, 314) collected in wire arrays (12, 312) with a center rib (16, 316) sandwiched therebetween to form a core assembly (18, 318 ). The core assembly (18, 318) is surrounded by an assembly housing (20, 320) having an inner spiral wrap (22, 322) and a counter wound outer spiral wrap (24, 324). An alternate embodiment (410) of the invention is rolled into a keystoned shape to improve radial alignment of the correction coil cable (410) on a particle tube (733) in a particle tube assembly (732).
Overhead tray for cable test system
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Saltz, K. T.
1976-01-01
System consists of overhead slotted tray, series of compatible adapter cables, and automatic test set which consists of control console and cable-switching console. System reduces hookup time and also reduces cost of fabricating and storing test cables.
RODENT RESISTANT CABLE MATERIALS.
Several formulations of organotin compounds in polymeric materials were evaluated for application to polyethylene cable coatings. Tributyltin ...test the effectiveness of this formulation in protecting treated WF-16 cable from rodent damage. In a laboratory test vapors of tributyltin chloride
Very low noise AC/DC power supply systems for large detector arrays.
Arnaboldi, C; Baù, A; Carniti, P; Cassina, L; Giachero, A; Gotti, C; Maino, M; Passerini, A; Pessina, G
2015-12-01
In this work, we present the first part of the power supply system for the CUORE and LUCIFER arrays of bolometric detectors. For CUORE, it consists of AC/DC commercial power supplies (0-60 V output) followed by custom DC/DC modules (48 V input, ±5 V to ±13.5 V outputs). Each module has 3 floating and independently configurable output voltages. In LUCIFER, the AC/DC + DC/DC stages are combined into a commercial medium-power AC/DC source. At the outputs of both setups, we introduced filters with the aim of lowering the noise and to protect the following stages from high voltage spikes that can be generated by the energy stored in the cables after the release of accidental short circuits. Output noise is very low, as required: in the 100 MHz bandwidth the RMS level is about 37 μV(RMS) (CUORE setup) and 90 μV(RMS) (LUCIFER setup) at a load of 7 A, with a negligible dependence on the load current. Even more importantly, high frequency switching disturbances are almost completely suppressed. The efficiency of both systems is above 85%. Both systems are completely programmable and monitored via CAN bus (optically coupled).
Debris protection cover assembly for cable connectors
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Yovan, Roger D. (Inventor)
1999-01-01
A protective cover assembly for an end of a cable connector having a cable housing that encloses a plurality of connective pins or sockets and that satisfies all requirements for space applications. A connector body flange is formed at the extremity of a cable and is positioned so that it may register with a corresponding connector body flange on the end of a companion cable to which a connection is to be made, one cable end having cable lead pins and the companion cable end having lead sockets with which the pins register. A latch mechanism having a latch housing is received in the connector body flange and a crank connected to a manually rotatable cap actuates a spring-loaded latch element that is engageable with a connector body flange to secure or to release the cover assembly with the simple twisting motion of the cap, thereby simplifying the task of effecting coupling and decoupling of the cable ends.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Takács, S.; Iwakuma, M.; Funaki, K.
2000-04-01
Two effects are considered which can influence the effective resistance between crossing strands on flat cables or filaments in twisted tapes. As analogous cases, the one-layer Rutherford-type cable with classical superconductors and the tapes with twisted BSCCO filaments in a silver matrix in perpendicular magnetic fields are considered as a model. At first, the amount of the central core between the strands and the silver matrix between the filaments increases the effective conductance compared with the direct current paths, which is supposed to be proportional to the touching area of filaments. The increase factor is about two and can be easily suppressed by other effects, such as the contact resistance between the superconductor and the matrix. However, due to the strong anisotropy of critical parameters for high temperature superconductors, this effect can partially compensate the influence of the usually weaker critical current density perpendicular to the tape. The second effect is connected with the existence of the induced voltage between any points of crossing filaments. This leads to an additional effective conductance, proportional to the square of the total number of the filaments. This contribution is prevailing for the anisotropic superconductors. Therefore, to obtain low ac coupling losses in BSCCO tapes, structures with smaller filament number are required. This case is analogous to round structures, leading to ac losses proportional to the square of the layer number in the field direction.
The analysis of cable forces based on natural frequency
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Suangga, Made; Hidayat, Irpan; Juliastuti; Bontan, Darwin Julius
2017-12-01
A cable is a flexible structural member that is effective at resisting tensile forces. Cables are used in a variety of structures that employ their unique characteristics to create efficient design tension members. The condition of the cable forces in the cable supported structure is an important indication of judging whether the structure is in good condition. Several methods have been developed to measure on site cable forces. Vibration technique using correlation between natural frequency and cable forces is a simple method to determine in situ cable forces, however the method need accurate information on the boundary condition, cable mass, and cable length. The natural frequency of the cable is determined using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) Technique to the acceleration record of the cable. Based on the natural frequency obtained, the cable forces then can be determine by analytical or by finite element program. This research is focus on the vibration techniques to determine the cable forces, to understand the physical parameter effect of the cable and also modelling techniques to the natural frequency and cable forces.
Cable Bacteria in Freshwater Sediments
Kristiansen, Michael; Frederiksen, Rasmus B.; Dittmer, Anders Lindequist; Bjerg, Jesper Tataru; Trojan, Daniela; Schreiber, Lars; Damgaard, Lars Riis; Schramm, Andreas; Nielsen, Lars Peter
2015-01-01
In marine sediments cathodic oxygen reduction at the sediment surface can be coupled to anodic sulfide oxidation in deeper anoxic layers through electrical currents mediated by filamentous, multicellular bacteria of the Desulfobulbaceae family, the so-called cable bacteria. Until now, cable bacteria have only been reported from marine environments. In this study, we demonstrate that cable bacteria also occur in freshwater sediments. In a first step, homogenized sediment collected from the freshwater stream Giber Å, Denmark, was incubated in the laboratory. After 2 weeks, pH signatures and electric fields indicated electron transfer between vertically separated anodic and cathodic half-reactions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed the presence of Desulfobulbaceae filaments. In addition, in situ measurements of oxygen, pH, and electric potential distributions in the waterlogged banks of Giber Å demonstrated the presence of distant electric redox coupling in naturally occurring freshwater sediment. At the same site, filamentous Desulfobulbaceae with cable bacterium morphology were found to be present. Their 16S rRNA gene sequence placed them as a distinct sister group to the known marine cable bacteria, with the genus Desulfobulbus as the closest cultured lineage. The results of the present study indicate that electric currents mediated by cable bacteria could be important for the biogeochemistry in many more environments than anticipated thus far and suggest a common evolutionary origin of the cable phenotype within Desulfobulbaceae with subsequent diversification into a freshwater and a marine lineage. PMID:26116678
New design of cable-in-conduit conductor for application in future fusion reactors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Qin, Jinggang; Wu, Yu; Li, Jiangang; Liu, Fang; Dai, Chao; Shi, Yi; Liu, Huajun; Mao, Zhehua; Nijhuis, Arend; Zhou, Chao; Yagotintsev, Konstantin A.; Lubkemann, Ruben; Anvar, V. A.; Devred, Arnaud
2017-11-01
The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a new tokamak device whose magnet system includes toroidal field, central solenoid (CS) and poloidal field coils. The main goal is to build a fusion engineering tokamak reactor with about 1 GW fusion power and self-sufficiency by blanket. In order to reach this high performance, the magnet field target is 15 T. However, the huge electromagnetic load caused by high field and current is a threat for conductor degradation under cycling. The conductor with a short-twist-pitch (STP) design has large stiffness, which enables a significant performance improvement in view of load and thermal cycling. But the conductor with STP design has a remarkable disadvantage: it can easily cause severe strand indentation during cabling. The indentation can reduce the strand performance, especially under high load cycling. In order to overcome this disadvantage, a new design is proposed. The main characteristic of this new design is an updated layout in the triplet. The triplet is made of two Nb3Sn strands and one soft copper strand. The twist pitch of the two Nb3Sn strands is large and cabled first. The copper strand is then wound around the two superconducting strands (CWS) with a shorter twist pitch. The following cable stages layout and twist pitches are similar to the ITER CS conductor with STP design. One short conductor sample with a similar scale to the ITER CS was manufactured and tested with the Twente Cable Press to investigate the mechanical properties, AC loss and internal inspection by destructive examination. The results are compared to the STP conductor (ITER CS and CFETR CSMC) tests. The results show that the new conductor design has similar stiffness, but much lower strand indentation than the STP design. The new design shows potential for application in future fusion reactors.
Impact of Cross-Tie Properties on the Modal Behavior of Cable Networks on Cable-Stayed Bridges
Ahmad, Javaid; Ghrib, Faouzi
2015-01-01
Dynamic behaviour of cable networks is highly dependent on the installation location, stiffness, and damping of cross-ties. Thus, these are the important design parameters for a cable network. While the effects of the former two on the network response have been investigated to some extent in the past, the impact of cross-tie damping has rarely been addressed. To comprehend our knowledge of mechanics associated with cable networks, in the current study, an analytical model of a cable network will be proposed by taking into account both cross-tie stiffness and damping. In addition, the damping property of main cables in the network will also be considered in the formulation. This would allow exploring not only the effectiveness of a cross-tie design on enhancing the in-plane stiffness of a constituted cable network, but also its energy dissipation capacity. The proposed analytical model will be applied to networks with different configurations. The influence of cross-tie stiffness and damping on the modal response of various types of networks will be investigated by using the corresponding undamped rigid cross-tie network as a reference base. Results will provide valuable information on the selection of cross-tie properties to achieve more effective cable vibration control. PMID:26167539
Impact of Cross-Tie Properties on the Modal Behavior of Cable Networks on Cable-Stayed Bridges.
Ahmad, Javaid; Cheng, Shaohong; Ghrib, Faouzi
2015-01-01
Dynamic behaviour of cable networks is highly dependent on the installation location, stiffness, and damping of cross-ties. Thus, these are the important design parameters for a cable network. While the effects of the former two on the network response have been investigated to some extent in the past, the impact of cross-tie damping has rarely been addressed. To comprehend our knowledge of mechanics associated with cable networks, in the current study, an analytical model of a cable network will be proposed by taking into account both cross-tie stiffness and damping. In addition, the damping property of main cables in the network will also be considered in the formulation. This would allow exploring not only the effectiveness of a cross-tie design on enhancing the in-plane stiffness of a constituted cable network, but also its energy dissipation capacity. The proposed analytical model will be applied to networks with different configurations. The influence of cross-tie stiffness and damping on the modal response of various types of networks will be investigated by using the corresponding undamped rigid cross-tie network as a reference base. Results will provide valuable information on the selection of cross-tie properties to achieve more effective cable vibration control.
Influence of thermal aging on AC leakage current in XLPE insulation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Geng, Pulong; Song, Jiancheng; Tian, Muqin; Lei, Zhipeng; Du, Yakun
2018-02-01
Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been widely used as cable insulation material because of its excellent dielectric properties, thermal stability and solvent resistance. To understand the influence of thermal aging on AC leakage current in XLPE insulation, all XLPE specimens were aged in oven in temperature range from 120 °C to 150 °C, and a series of tests were conducted on these XLPE specimens in different aging stages to measure the characteristic parameters, such as complex permittivity, leakage current and complex dielectric modulus. In the experiments, the effects of thermal aging, temperature and frequency on the AC leakage current in XLPE insulation were studied by analyzing complex dielectric constant and dielectric relaxation modulus spectrum, the change of relaxation peak and activation energy. It has been found that the active part of leakage current increases sharply with the increase of aging degree, and the test temperature and frequency have an influence on AC leakage current but the influence of test temperature is mainly reflected in the low frequency region. In addition, it has been shown by the experiments that the reactive part of leakage current exhibits a strong frequency dependent characteristic in the testing frequency range from 10-2 Hz to 105 Hz, but the influence of test temperature and thermal aging on it is relatively small.
Submarine cable OBS using a retired submarine telecommunication cable: GeO-TOC program
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kasahara, Junzo; Utada, Hisashi; Sato, Toshinori; Kinoshita, Hajimu
1998-06-01
In order to study the Earth's structure and subduction zone tectonics, seismic data from the oceanic region are extremely important. The present seismograph distribution in the oceanic region, however, provides a very poor coverage. To improve this poor seismic coverage, a cable OBS system using a retired submarine telecommunication cable is proposed. The GeO-TOC cable runs from Ninomiya, Japan, to Guam through the Izu-Bonin forearc and the Marina Trough. The total length of the cable is 2659 km. An OBS, IZU, using the GeO-TOC cable, was successfully installed at the landward slope of the Izu-Bonin Trench in January 1997. The IZU OBS is located approximately 400 km south of Tokyo. The installation method is similar to repair work on submarine cables. The IZU OBS is equipped with three accelerometers, a hydrophone, a quartz pressure gauge, and a quartz precision thermometer with a few temperature sensors to monitor overheating of the internal electronics. After installation, the voltage increase is 90 V when the current is maintained at a constant 370 mA. Data from accelerometers are digitized by 24-bit A/D converters and sent to Ninomiya at 9600 bps for each component. Hydrophone data are sent to Ninomiya as analog signals using the AM (Amplitude Modulation) method for safety reasons. Hydrophone data are digitized at the shore station. Other slow-rate data are multiplexed and sent to the shore at 9600 bps. The instrument can be controlled by a shore computer. All data will be transmitted from Ninomiya to Tokyo and combined with other existing seismic data.
Strain relief for power-cable connectors
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dean, W. T., III
1980-01-01
Easily fabricated grommet composed of polytetrafluoroethylene cylinder, containing U-shaped channels equally spaced around periphery, is used in power cable connectors to relieve strain on cables. Utilization of grommets provides more ease in cable insertion and removal. Potential applications include wiring in large residential and commercial buildings.
Cable Television Report and Suggested Ordinance.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
League of California Cities, Sacramento.
Guidelines and suggested ordinances for cable television regulation by local governments are comprehensively discussed in this report. The emphasis is placed on franchising the cable operator. Seventeen legal aspects of franchising are reviewed, and an exemplary ordinance is presented. In addition, current statistics about cable franchising in…
Initial tension loss in cerclage cables.
Ménard, Jérémie; Émard, Maxime; Canet, Fanny; Brailovski, Vladimir; Petit, Yvan; Laflamme, George Y
2013-10-01
Cerclage cables, frequently used in the management of fractures and osteotomies, are associated with a high failure rate and significant loosening during surgery. This study compared the capacity to maintain tension of different types of orthopaedic cable systems. Multifilament Cobalt-Chrome (CoCr) cables with four different crimp/clamp devices (DePuy, Stryker, Zimmer and Smith&Nephew) and one non-metallic Nylon (Ny) cable from Kinamed were instrumented with a load cell to measure tension during insertion. Significant tension loss was observed with crimping for all cables (P<0.05). Removing the tensioner led to an additional unexpected tension loss (CoCr-DePuy: 18%, CoCr-Stryker: 29%, CoCr-Smith&Nephew: 33%, Ny: 46%, and CoCr-Zimmer: 52%). The simple CoCr (DePuy) cable system outperformed the more sophisticated locking devices due to its significantly better ability to prevent tension loss. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shi, Jing-xian; Ran, Zhi-hong
2018-03-01
Extradossed Cable-stayed Bridge is both cable-stayed Bridge and Continuous rigid frame bridge mechanics feature, Beam is the main force components, cable is supplement.This article combined with a single tower and single cable plane Extradossed cable-stayed bridge in Yunnan, use different creep calculation models and analysis deflection caused by creep effects. The results showing that deflection caused by creep effect is smaller than the same span continuous rigid frame bridge, the value is about 2cm. On the other hand the deflection is increasing with ambient humidity decreases, therefore in the dry environment the calculation model is relatively large in the pre-camber. In the choice of RC creep model is significant in the dry areas.
30 CFR 75.828 - Trailing cable pulling.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cable pulling. 75.828 Section 75.828... Longwalls § 75.828 Trailing cable pulling. The trailing cable must be de-energized prior to being pulled by... procedures must be followed when pulling the trailing cable with equipment other than the continuous mining...
46 CFR 111.60-5 - Cable installation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-5 Cable installation. (a) Each cable installation must meet... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable installation. 111.60-5 Section 111.60-5 Shipping... incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), including clause 8. (b) Each cable installation made in...
Rotating Connection for Electrical Cables
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Manges, D. R.
1986-01-01
Cable reel provides electrical connections between fixed structure and rotating one. Reel carries power and signal lines while allowing rotating structure to turn up to 360 degrees with respect to fixed structure. Reel replaces sliprings. Can be used to electrically connect arm of robot with body. Reel releases cable to rotating part as it turns and takes up cable as rotating part comes back to its starting position, without tangling, twisting, or kinking.
Superconducting Cable Termination
Sinha, Uday K.; Tolbert, Jerry
2005-08-30
Disclosed is a termination that connects high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable immersed in pressurized liquid nitrogen to high voltage and neutral (shield) external bushings at ambient temperature and pressure. The termination consists of a splice between the HTS power (inner) and shield (outer) conductors and concentric copper pipes which are the conductors in the termination. There is also a transition from the dielectric tape insulator used in the HTS cable to the insulators used between and around the copper pipe conductors in the termination. At the warm end of the termination the copper pipes are connected via copper braided straps to the conventional warm external bushings which have low thermal stresses. This termination allows for a natural temperature gradient in the copper pipe conductors inside the termination which enables the controlled flashing of the pressurized liquid coolant (nitrogen) to the gaseous state. Thus the entire termination is near the coolant supply pressure and the high voltage and shield cold bushings, a highly stressed component used in most HTS cables, are eliminated. A sliding seal allows for cable contraction as it is cooled from room temperature to ˜72-82 K. Seals, static vacuum, and multi-layer superinsulation minimize radial heat leak to the environment.
The Humanistic Claim on the Cable. Workshop on Uses of the Cable.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Adler, Richard
In recent years, the cable television industry has been marked by prolific growth both in the number of stations and in the number of subscribers, and its legitimacy has been affirmed by a Supreme Court decision which placed the industry under the control of the Federal Communications Commission, (FCC) but the full potential of cable television…
Cable-to-post attachments for a non-proprietary high-tension cable barrier - phase II.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2015-06-01
The research objectives reported herein were based on further development of cable-to-post attachment hardware for use in : the non-proprietary high-tension cable barrier system. Specifically, this project aimed to develop and evaluate alternative : ...
Reusable Hot-Wire Cable Cutter
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pauken, Michael T.; Steinkraus, Joel M.
2010-01-01
During the early development stage of balloon deployment systems for missions, nichrome wire cable cutters were often used in place of pyro-actuated cutters. Typically, a nichrome wire is wrapped around a bundle of polymer cables with a low melting point and connected to a relay-actuated electric circuit. The heat from the nichrome reduces the strength of the cable bundle, which quickly breaks under a mechanical load and can thus be used as a release mechanism for a deployment system. However, the use of hand-made heated nichrome wire for cutters is not very reliable. Often, the wrapped nichrome wire does not cut through the cable because it either pulls away from its power source or does not stay in contact with the cable being cut. Because nichrome is not readily soldered to copper wire, unreliable mechanical crimps are often made to connect the nichrome to an electric circuit. A self-contained device that is reusable and reliable was developed to sever cables for device release or deployment. The nichrome wire in this new device is housed within an enclosure to prevent it from being damaged by handling. The electric power leads are internally connected within the unit to the nichrome wire using a screw terminal connection. A bayonet plug, a quick and secure method of connecting the cutter to the power source, is used to connect the cutter to the power leads similar to those used in pyro-cutter devices. A small ceramic tube [0.25-in. wide 0.5-in. long (.6.4-mm wide 13-mm long)] houses a spiraled nichrome wire that is heated when a cable release action is required. The wire is formed into a spiral coil by wrapping it around a mandrel. It is then laid inside the ceramic tube so that it fits closely to the inner surface of the tube. The ceramic tube provides some thermal and electrical insulation so that most of the heat generated by the wire is directed toward the cable bundle in the center of the spiral. The ceramic tube is cemented into an aluminum block, which
Underground laboratories in Asia
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lin, Shin Ted, E-mail: linst@mails.phys.sinica.edu.tw; Yue, Qian, E-mail: yueq@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
2015-08-17
Deep underground laboratories in Asia have been making huge progress recently because underground sites provide unique opportunities to explore the rare-event phenomena for the study of dark matter searches, neutrino physics and nuclear astrophysics as well as the multi-disciplinary researches based on the low radioactive environments. The status and perspectives of Kamioda underground observatories in Japan, the existing Y2L and the planned CUP in Korea, India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) in India and China JinPing Underground Laboratory (CJPL) in China will be surveyed.
Underground laboratories in Asia
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lin, Shin Ted; Yue, Qian
2015-08-01
Deep underground laboratories in Asia have been making huge progress recently because underground sites provide unique opportunities to explore the rare-event phenomena for the study of dark matter searches, neutrino physics and nuclear astrophysics as well as the multi-disciplinary researches based on the low radioactive environments. The status and perspectives of Kamioda underground observatories in Japan, the existing Y2L and the planned CUP in Korea, India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) in India and China JinPing Underground Laboratory (CJPL) in China will be surveyed.
Cable: Report to the President, 1974.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Office of Telecommunications Policy, Washington, DC.
A comprehensive, new national policy for cable communications is recommended by the Cabinet Committee on Cable Communications. The goal of the policy is to achieve the orderly integration of cable with other existing communications media so that information may flow freely, protected from both private and governmental barriers. The first two…
Reducing Magnetic Fields Around Power Cables
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Sargent, Noel B.; Gitelman, Florida; Pongracz-Bartha, Edward; Spalding, John
1993-01-01
Four power conductors arranged symmetrically about fifth grounded conductor. Four current-carrying wires arranged symmetrically around central grounded wire that nominally carries no current. In comparison with other cable configurations, this one results in smaller magnetic fields around cable. Technique for use when size of wires in cable makes twisting impractical.
Hypervelocity impact testing of cables
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Jex, D. W.; Adkinson, A. B.; English, J. E.; Linebaugh, C. E.
1973-01-01
The physics and electrical results obtained from simulated micrometeoroid testing of certain Skylab cables are presented. The test procedure, electrical circuits, test equipment, and cable types utilized are also explained.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kerley, James J., Jr. (Inventor)
1990-01-01
A cable compliant robotic joint includes two U configuration cross section brackets with their U cross sections lying in different planes, one of their brackets being connected to a robot arm and the other to a tool. Additional angle brackets are displaced from the other brackets at corners of the robotic joint. All the brackets are connected by cable segments which lie in one or more planes which are perpendicular to the direction of tool travel as it approaches a work object. The compliance of the joint is determined by the cable segment characteristics, such as their length, material, angle, stranding, pretwisting, and prestressing.
30 CFR 77.505 - Cable fittings; suitability.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... Electrical Equipment-General § 77.505 Cable fittings; suitability. Cables shall enter metal frames of motors... cables, pass through metal frames, the holes shall be substantially bushed with insulated bushings. ...
47 CFR 32.2426 - Intrabuilding network cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
...) Nonmetallic cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and... between buildings on one customer's same premises. Intrabuilding network cables are used to distribute...
47 CFR 32.2426 - Intrabuilding network cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
...) Nonmetallic cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and... between buildings on one customer's same premises. Intrabuilding network cables are used to distribute...
47 CFR 32.2426 - Intrabuilding network cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
...) Nonmetallic cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and... between buildings on one customer's same premises. Intrabuilding network cables are used to distribute...
Active optical cable for intrasatellite communications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Blasco, J.; Cano, D.; Navasquillo, O.; Esteban, M. A.
2017-11-01
DAS Photonics and Airbus Defence and Space (Spain) have been working for more than six years in the concept of an Active Optical Cable (AOC) for copper cable substitution. The main advantages that AOC offers are significant mass and size saving, better flexibility and routing of the cable and immunity to EMI.
14 CFR 25.689 - Cable systems.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.689 Cable systems. (a... cable system must be designed so that there will be no hazardous change in cable tension throughout the... subject to load or motion and retained only by cotter pins may not be used in the control system. (e...
14 CFR 25.689 - Cable systems.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.689 Cable systems. (a... cable system must be designed so that there will be no hazardous change in cable tension throughout the... subject to load or motion and retained only by cotter pins may not be used in the control system. (e...
14 CFR 25.689 - Cable systems.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.689 Cable systems. (a... cable system must be designed so that there will be no hazardous change in cable tension throughout the... subject to load or motion and retained only by cotter pins may not be used in the control system. (e...
14 CFR 25.689 - Cable systems.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.689 Cable systems. (a... cable system must be designed so that there will be no hazardous change in cable tension throughout the... subject to load or motion and retained only by cotter pins may not be used in the control system. (e...
47 CFR 76.802 - Disposition of cable home wiring.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Disposition of cable home wiring. 76.802... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Inside Wiring § 76.802 Disposition of cable home wiring... cable operator shall not remove the cable home wiring unless it gives the subscriber the opportunity to...
47 CFR 76.802 - Disposition of cable home wiring.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Disposition of cable home wiring. 76.802... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Inside Wiring § 76.802 Disposition of cable home wiring... cable operator shall not remove the cable home wiring unless it gives the subscriber the opportunity to...
47 CFR 76.802 - Disposition of cable home wiring.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disposition of cable home wiring. 76.802... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Inside Wiring § 76.802 Disposition of cable home wiring... cable operator shall not remove the cable home wiring unless it gives the subscriber the opportunity to...
47 CFR 76.802 - Disposition of cable home wiring.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Disposition of cable home wiring. 76.802... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Inside Wiring § 76.802 Disposition of cable home wiring... cable operator shall not remove the cable home wiring unless it gives the subscriber the opportunity to...
30 CFR 75.343 - Underground shops.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Underground shops. 75.343 Section 75.343...-3 through § 75.1107-16, or be enclosed in a noncombustible structure or area. (b) Underground shops... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Ventilation § 75.343 Underground shops. (a) Underground...
Technology of Cable Television.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cable Television Information Center, Washington, DC.
The technology of cable television (CATV) is one area in which local community officials need to develop knowledge so that their decisions about the structure of CATV within the community will be informed. Thus, this paper is designed to familiarize local decision makers with the technological aspects of cable communications, to isolate specific…
Capacitor discharge process for welding braided cable
Wilson, Rick D.
1995-01-01
A capacitor discharge process for welding a braided cable formed from a plurality of individual cable strands to a solid metallic electrically conductive member comprises the steps of: (a) preparing the electrically conductive member for welding by bevelling one of its end portions while leaving an ignition projection extending outwardly from the apex of the bevel; (b) clamping the electrically conductive member in a cathode fixture; (c) connecting the electrically conductive member clamped in the cathode fixture to a capacitor bank capable of being charged to a preselected voltage value; (d) preparing the braided cable for welding by wrapping one of its end portions with a metallic sheet to form a retaining ring operable to maintain the individual strands of the braided cable in fixed position within the retaining ring; (e) clamping the braided cable and the retaining ring as a unit in an anode fixture so that the wrapped end portion of the braided cable faces the ignition projection of the electrically conductive member; and (f) moving the cathode fixture towards the anode fixture until the ignition projection of the electrically conductive member contacts the end portion of the braided cable thereby allowing the capacitor bank to discharge through the electrically conductive member and through the braided cable and causing the electrically conductive member to be welded to the braided cable via capacitor discharge action.
Noise performance of magneto-inductive cables
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wiltshire, M. C. K., E-mail: michael.wiltshire@imperial.ac.uk; Syms, R. R. A.
2014-07-21
Magneto-inductive (MI) waveguides are metamaterial structures based on periodic arrangements of inductively coupled resonant magnetic elements. They are of interest for power transfer, communications and sensing, and can be realised in a flexible cable format. Signal-to-noise ratio is extremely important in applications involving signals. Here, we present the first experimental measurements of the noise performance of metamaterial cables. We focus on an application involving radiofrequency signal transmission in internal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where the subdivision of the metamaterial cable provides intrinsic patient safety. We consider MI cables suitable for use at 300 MHz during {sup 1}H MRI at 7more » T, and find noise figures of 2.3–2.8 dB/m, together with losses of 3.0–3.9 dB/m, in good agreement with model calculations. These values are high compared to conventional cables, but become acceptable when (as here) the environment precludes the use of continuous conductors. To understand this behaviour, we present arguments for the fundamental performance limitations of these cables.« less
The GEOS-20 m Cable Boom Mechanism
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Schmidt, G. K.; Suttner, K.
1977-01-01
The GEOS Cable Boom Mechanism which allows the controlled deployment of a 20 m long cable in a centrifugal force field is described. In launch configuration the flat cable is reeled on a 240 mm diameter drum. The electrical connection between the rotating drum and the stationary housing is accomplished via a flexlead positioned inside the drum. Active motion control of this drum is achieved by a self locking worm gear, driven by a stepper motor. The deployment length of the cable is monitored by an optical length indicator, sensing black bars engraved on the cable surface.
7 CFR 1755.507 - Aerial cable services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
....5 kilogram/meter (kg/m)] except when equivalent combinations of greater span lengths with cable... horizontal runs, cable clamps shall be placed not more than 16 in. (400 mm) apart for cable diameters equal...
Dynamic Termination On Radiating Coaxial Cable
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Lombardi, Robert; Stern, Jon; Rassweiler, George
1993-01-01
Radiation pattern dithered to reduce adverse effect of nulls. In improved system for radio communication between base station and portable units within building, tunnel, ship, or other large structure, radiating or "leaky" coaxial cable serves as base-station antenna, and radiation pattern of cable dithered by dithering impedance of termination at end of cable remote from base station.
A proposed adjustable RF cable connector
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Stringer, E. J.; Doyle, J. D.
1973-01-01
In system that requires negligible loss, it may be necessary to adjust cable length to exact multiple of transmitted wavelength. Adjustable cable connector saves time and cost by eliminating need to add to or cut from cable. Device was especially designed for use with high frequencies. For particular application, connector of suitable dimensions should be used.
Applications of FRP-OFBG sensors on bridge cables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhou, Zhi; Zhang, Zhichun; Deng, Nianchun; Zhao, Xuefeng; Li, Dongsheng; Wang, Chuang; Ou, Jinping
2005-05-01
It is still a practical problem how to effectively install FBG sensors on bridge cabes. In this paper, a simple and effective solution is introduced to develop smart bridge cables using FRP-OFBG bars developed in HIT (Harbin Institute of Technology). Here, the FRP-OFBG bar acts as one component of the cable and shows force resistance and well-protected sensors in service. The installation techniques and the sensing properties of FBGs in three kinds of cables, FRP cables, common steel-wire cable and extruded-anchor cable, are introduced and tested under dead load. Moreover, the preliminary introduction of a practical field application based on this solution has been also given. The experimental results show that the deformability of FRP-OFBG bars in the smart cables can reach the terminal and show wonderful accuracy, which shows that such kind of smart cable is practical in field application.
NEMA wire and cable standards development programs
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Baird, Robert W.
1994-01-01
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) is the nation's largest trade association for manufacturers of electrical equipment. Its member companies produce components, end-use equipment and systems for the generation, transmission, distribution, control and use of electricity. The wire and cable division is presented in 6 sections: building wire and cable, fabricated conductors, flexible cords, high performance wire and cable, magnet wire, and power and control cable. Participating companies are listed.
Cushing, M
1994-01-01
If you want to control your own computer installation, get the satisfaction of doing your own maintenance, and compensate for an inept or uninformed vendor, the information in this article will help you achieve these ends. Good luck and good cabling!
Incorrect electrode cable connection during electrocardiographic recording.
Batchvarov, Velislav N; Malik, Marek; Camm, A John
2007-11-01
Incorrect electrode cable connections during electrocardiographic (ECG) recording can simulate rhythm or conduction disturbance, myocardial ischaemia and infarction, as well as other clinically important abnormalities. When only precordial or only limb cables, excluding the neutral cable, have been interchanged the waveforms in the different leads are re-arranged, inverted, or unchanged, whereas the duration of intervals is not changed. The mistake can be recognized by the presence of unusual P-QRS patterns (e.g. negative P-QRS in lead I or II, positive in lead AVR, P-QRS complexes of opposite direction in leads I and V6, etc.), change in the P-QRS axis, or abnormal precordial QRS-T wave progression. Interchange of limb cables with the neutral cable distorts Wilson's terminal and the morphology of all precordial and unipolar limb leads. The telltale sign of the mistake is the presence of (almost) a flat line in lead I, II or III. Interchange of even one of the limb cables, except for the neutral cable, with a precordial cable distorts the morphology of most leads and leaves not more than one lead (I, II, or III) unchanged. Computerized algorithms for detection of lead misplacement, such as those based on artificial neural networks, or on correlation between original and reconstructed leads, have been developed.
Your Personal Genie in the Cable.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schlafly, Hubert J.
The technology necessary for the use of cable television (TV) has been invented; it simply must be put to use. By the 1970's, cable TV should be commonplace in this country. Its rapid growth was caused in part by its appearance at a time of explosive expansion of related technologies like data theory and computer design. The coaxial cable system…
Tool for cutting insulation from electrical cables
Harless, Charles E.; Taylor, Ward G.
1978-01-01
This invention is an efficient hand tool for precisely slitting the sheath of insulation on an electrical cable--e.g., a cable two inches in diameter--in a manner facilitating subsequent peeling or stripping of the insulation. The tool includes a rigid frame which is slidably fitted on an end section of the cable. The frame carries a rigidly affixed handle and an opposed, elongated blade-and-handle assembly. The blade-and-handle assembly is pivotally supported by a bracket which is slidably mounted on the frame for movement toward and away from the cable, thus providing an adjustment for the depth of cut. The blade-and-handle assembly is mountable to the bracket in two pivotable positions. With the assembly mounted in the first position, the tool is turned about the cable to slit the insulation circumferentially. With the assembly mounted in the second position, the tool is drawn along the cable to slit the insulation axially. When cut both circumferentially and axially, the insulation can easily be peeled from the cable.
A Routing Protocol for Multisink Wireless Sensor Networks in Underground Coalmine Tunnels
Xia, Xu; Chen, Zhigang; Liu, Hui; Wang, Huihui; Zeng, Feng
2016-01-01
Traditional underground coalmine monitoring systems are mainly based on the use of wired transmission. However, when cables are damaged during an accident, it is difficult to obtain relevant data on environmental parameters and the emergency situation underground. To address this problem, the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been proposed. However, the shape of coalmine tunnels is not conducive to the deployment of WSNs as they are long and narrow. Therefore, issues with the network arise, such as extremely large energy consumption, very weak connectivity, long time delays, and a short lifetime. To solve these problems, in this study, a new routing protocol algorithm for multisink WSNs based on transmission power control is proposed. First, a transmission power control algorithm is used to negotiate the optimal communication radius and transmission power of each sink. Second, the non-uniform clustering idea is adopted to optimize the cluster head selection. Simulation results are subsequently compared to the Centroid of the Nodes in a Partition (CNP) strategy and show that the new algorithm delivers a good performance: power efficiency is increased by approximately 70%, connectivity is increased by approximately 15%, the cluster interference is diminished by approximately 50%, the network lifetime is increased by approximately 6%, and the delay is reduced with an increase in the number of sinks. PMID:27916917
A Routing Protocol for Multisink Wireless Sensor Networks in Underground Coalmine Tunnels.
Xia, Xu; Chen, Zhigang; Liu, Hui; Wang, Huihui; Zeng, Feng
2016-11-30
Traditional underground coalmine monitoring systems are mainly based on the use of wired transmission. However, when cables are damaged during an accident, it is difficult to obtain relevant data on environmental parameters and the emergency situation underground. To address this problem, the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been proposed. However, the shape of coalmine tunnels is not conducive to the deployment of WSNs as they are long and narrow. Therefore, issues with the network arise, such as extremely large energy consumption, very weak connectivity, long time delays, and a short lifetime. To solve these problems, in this study, a new routing protocol algorithm for multisink WSNs based on transmission power control is proposed. First, a transmission power control algorithm is used to negotiate the optimal communication radius and transmission power of each sink. Second, the non-uniform clustering idea is adopted to optimize the cluster head selection. Simulation results are subsequently compared to the Centroid of the Nodes in a Partition (CNP) strategy and show that the new algorithm delivers a good performance: power efficiency is increased by approximately 70%, connectivity is increased by approximately 15%, the cluster interference is diminished by approximately 50%, the network lifetime is increased by approximately 6%, and the delay is reduced with an increase in the number of sinks.
Repairing Damaged Power-Cable Insulation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Baker, G. E.
1984-01-01
Simple method saves time, money, and material. In new method cable remains in place while new insulation is applied to damaged portion. Method results in new terminations with safety factor equal to that of any portion of cable.
Rotatable electric cable connecting system
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Manges, D. R. (Inventor)
1985-01-01
A cable reel assembly is described which is particularly adapted for, but not limited to, a system for providing electrical connection of power and data signals between an orbiter vehicle, such as a space shuttle, and a recovered satellite. The assembly is comprised of two mutually opposing ring type structures having 180 deg relative rotation with one of the structures being held in fixed position while the other structure is rotatable. Motor controlled berthing latches and umbilical cable connectors for the satellite are located on the rim of the rotatable ring structure. The electrical cable assembly is fed in two sections from the orbiter vehicle into the outer rim portion of the fixed ring structure where they are directed inwardly and attached to two concentrically coiled metal bands whose respective ends are secured to inner and outer post members of circular sets of guide pins located on opposing circular plate members, one rotatable and one fixed. The cable sections are fed out as three output cable sections through openings in the central portion of the circular plate of the rotatable ring structure where they are directed to the latches and connectors located on its rim.
76 FR 32866 - Cable Landing Licenses; Correction
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-07
... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 1 [DA 11-668] Cable Landing Licenses; Correction... Systems Agency and affects applicants requesting streamlined processing of cable landing license... paragraph (j) to read as follows: Sec. 1.767 Cable landing licenses. * * * * * (j) Applications for...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lim, E. K.; Norizan, M. N.; Mohamad, I. S.; Yasin, M. N. M.; Murad, S. A. Z.; Baharum, N. A.; Jamalullail, N.
2017-09-01
This paper presents the design of anti-theft/cable cut real time alert system using microcontroller and GSM technology. The detection part is using the electrical circuit wire connection in detecting the voltage drop of the cable inside the microcontroller digital input port. The GSM wireless modem is used to send the location of cable cut directly to the authority mobile phone. Microcontroller SK40C with Microchip PIC16F887 is used as a controller to control the wireless modem and also the detection device. The device is able to detect and display the location of the cable cut on the LCD display besides of and sending out the location of the cable break to the authority mobile phone wirelessly via SMS.
30 CFR 75.826 - High-voltage trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-voltage trailing cables. 75.826 Section 75...-Voltage Longwalls § 75.826 High-voltage trailing cables. High-voltage trailing cables must: (a) Meet existing trailing cable requirements and the approval requirements of the high-voltage continuous mining...
30 CFR 77.604 - Protection of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of trailing cables. 77.604 Section 77.604 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY... MINES Trailing Cables § 77.604 Protection of trailing cables. Trailing cables shall be adequately...
47 CFR 76.403 - Cable television system reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable television system reports. 76.403 Section 76.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Forms and Reports § 76.403 Cable television system reports. The operator of every operational cable...
47 CFR 76.403 - Cable television system reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cable television system reports. 76.403 Section 76.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Forms and Reports § 76.403 Cable television system reports. The operator of every operational cable...
Multiconductor Short/Open Cable Tester
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Eichenberg, Dennis
1994-01-01
Frequent or regular testing of multiconductor cables terminated in multipin conductors tedious, if not impossible, task. This inexpensive circuit simplifies open/short testing and is amenable to automation. In operation, pair of connectors selected to match pair of connectors installed on each of cables to be tested. As many connectors accommodated as required, and each can have as many conductors as required. Testing technique implemented with this circuit automated easily with electronic controls and computer interface. Printout provides status of each conductor in cable, indicating which, if any, of conductors has open or short circuit.
Counter-balanced, multiple cable construction crane
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mikulas, Martin M., Jr.; Yang, Li-Farn
1991-11-01
The invention is a counter-balanced, multiple cable construction crane. The apparatus for hoisting payloads comprises a crane having a lifting means, the lifting means comprising an end effector means and three suspension means or cables. One end of each cable attaches to a different winding means located on the lifting means, and the other end of each cable attaches to a different point on the end effector, such that the three cables have a theoretical point of convergence with this point corresponding to the center of mass of the payload. Three controls command rotation of the winding means to a predetermined position. Accordingly, the crane provides precise and autonomous positioning of the payload without human guidance. The crane further comprises a counter-balancing means. Two controls position the counter-balancing means to offset the overturning moment which arises during the lifting of heavy payloads.
Counter-balanced, multiple cable construction crane
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mikulas, Martin M., Jr.; Yang, Li-Farn
1993-10-01
The invention is a counter-balanced, multiple cable construction crane. The apparatus for hoisting payloads comprises a crane having a lifting means, the lifting means comprising an end effector means and three suspension means or cables. One end of each cable attaches to a different winding means located on the lifting means, and the other end of each cable attaches to a different point on the end effector, such that the three cables have a theoretical point of convergence with this point corresponding to the center of mass of the payload. Three controls command rotation of the winding means to a predetermined position. Accordingly, the crane provides precise and autonomous positioning of the payload without human guidance. The crane further comprises a counter-balancing means. Two controls position the counter-balancing means to offset the overturning moment which arises during the lifting of heavy payloads.
Counter-balanced, multiple cable construction crane
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mikulas, Martin M., Jr. (Inventor); Yang, Li-Farn (Inventor)
1993-01-01
The invention is a counter-balanced, multiple cable construction crane. The apparatus for hoisting payloads comprises a crane having a lifting means, the lifting means comprising an end effector means and three suspension means or cables. One end of each cable attaches to a different winding means located on the lifting means, and the other end of each cable attaches to a different point on the end effector, such that the three cables have a theoretical point of convergence with this point corresponding to the center of mass of the payload. Three controls command rotation of the winding means to a predetermined position. Accordingly, the crane provides precise and autonomous positioning of the payload without human guidance. The crane further comprises a counter-balancing means. Two controls position the counter-balancing means to offset the overturning moment which arises during the lifting of heavy payloads.
Burning Characteristics and Flammability of PVC Cables in Groups
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mikado, T.; Akita, K.
1988-01-01
Because burning cables represent a danger of increasing secondary damage it is of utmost importance for disaster prevention to correctly evaluate the combustion characteristics of cable. However, in many cases cable is laid out in bundles complicating the combustion characteristics. A situation has developed where group cable characteristics are not completely understood. A new method is developed for testing the combustion of high polymer type cable and earlier reports gave comparative combustion measurement results. It was learned that there is considerable difference between the combustion characteristics of the grouped cables and those of single cables. This study is supplemental research concerning the special behavior of group PVC cables, throwing some light on their combustion characteristics.
30 CFR 77.606 - Energized trailing cables; handling.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Energized trailing cables; handling. 77.606... COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.606 Energized trailing cables; handling. Energized medium- and high-voltage trailing cables shall be handled only by persons wearing protective rubber gloves (see § 77.606-1...
McClellan PV system installation provides key lessons
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kauffman, W. R.
Design features and lessons learned in the installation of a 40 kWp solar cell array to supply power to a market on an airbase are outlined. The fixed-position modules interface with an inverter, ac and dc switchgear, controls, instrumentation, and an energy management system. The power control unit has a peak power tracking feature to maximize output from the 1142 cell modules. The inverter has functioned at over 98 percent efficiency near the 25 kW design range of the array. Moisture sealing to prevent ground faults was found necessary during the installation of the underground cabling.
Manufacturing Superconducting Cables
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
England, Christopher
1996-01-01
Process proposed for manufacture of cables containing ceramic high-temperature-superconductor YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-a). For protection, superconducting ceramic encapsulated before activation. Cables carry electrical current with little or no loss of power when cooled to or below temperatures of about minus 200 degrees C. Process accommodates brittle nature of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-a) and economical and readily controllable. Also flexible in sense modified to accommodate variety of precursor materials to be processed into YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-a).
Helical grip for the cable cars of San Francisco
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Peyran, R. J.
1979-01-01
A helical cable car grip to minimize high maintenance costs of San Francisco's cable car operation is presented. The grip establishes a rolling contact between the cable and grip to reduce sliding friction and associated cable wear. The design, development, and testing of the helical cable car grip are described.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Johnson, P. E.; Ecklund, W. L.
1983-01-01
The Poker Flat 49.92-MHz MST radar uses 64 phase-controlled transmitters in individual shelters distributed throughout the antenna array. Phase control is accomplished by sampling the transmitted pulse at the directional coupler of each transmitter and sending the sample pulse back to a phase-control unit. This method requires phase matching 64 long (256 meter) coaxial cables (RG-213) to within several electrical degrees. Tests with a time domain reflectometer showed that attenuation of high frequency components in the long RG-213 cable rounded the leading edge of the reflected pulse so that the cables could only be measured to within 50 cm (about 45 deg at 49.92 MHz). Another measurement technique using a vector voltmeter to compare forward and reflected phase required a directional coupler with unattainable directivity. Several other techniques were also found lacking, primarily because of loss in the long RG-213 cables. At this point it was realized that what was needed was a simple version of the phase-coherent clear-air radar, i.e., a cable radar. The design and operation of this cable are described.
47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...
47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...
47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...
47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...
47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...
Wire in the Cable-Driven System of Surgical Robot
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, X. F.; Lv, N.; Mu, H. Z.; Xue, L. J.
2017-07-01
During the evolution of the surgical robot, cable plays an important role. It translates motion and force precisely from surgeon’s hand to the tool’s tips. In the paper, the vertical wires, the composition of cable, are mathematically modeled from a geometric point of view. The cable structure and tension are analyzed according to the characteristics of wire screw twist. The structural equations of the wires in different positions are derived for both non-bent cable and bent cable, respectively. The bending moment formula of bent cable is also obtained. This will help researchers find suitable cable and design more matched pulley.
Non-Intrusive Impedance-Based Cable Tester
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Medelius, Pedro J. (Inventor); Simpson, Howard J. (Inventor)
1999-01-01
A non-intrusive electrical cable tester determines the nature and location of a discontinuity in a cable through application of an oscillating signal to one end of the cable. The frequency of the oscillating signal is varied in increments until a minimum, close to zero voltage is measured at a signal injection point which is indicative of a minimum impedance at that point. The frequency of the test signal at which the minimum impedance occurs is then employed to determine the distance to the discontinuity by employing a formula which relates this distance to the signal frequency and the velocity factor of the cable. A numerically controlled oscillator is provided to generate the oscillating signal, and a microcontroller automatically controls operation of the cable tester to make the desired measurements and display the results. The device is contained in a portable housing which may be hand held to facilitate convenient use of the device in difficult to access locations.
Wireline tool cable head overload apparatus
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Roessler, D.E.
1990-05-29
This patent describes a cable head adapted to support a sonde in a well borehole. It comprises: an upper end assembly adapted for connection with a cable extending into a well borehole; a lower end assembly adapted for connection to a sonde to be supported by the cable in the well borehole; yieldable means joining the upper and lower assemblies together in a fixed but yieldable relationship wherein a controllable and variable load is imparted to the cable there above during movement and variations in load on the cable are maintained within specified limits; the yieldable means further including deadmore » weight adjustable means notwithstanding variations in the dead weight of the load, and the yieldable means includes resilient means permitting movements within a desired range dependent on the adjustment thereof and bracketing a selected relative position of the upper and lower end assemblies; and an electrical contact.« less
An Internal Coaxil Cable Seal System
Hall, David R.; Hall, Jr., H. Tracy; Pixton, David; Dahlgren, Scott; Sneddon, Cameron; Briscoe, Michael; Fox, Joe
2004-12-23
The invention is a seal system for a coaxial cable more specifically an internal seal system placed within the coaxial cable and its constituent components. A series of seal stacks including flexible rigid rings and elastomeric rings are placed on load bearing members within the coaxial cable. The current invention is adapted to seal the annular space between the coaxial cable and an electrical contact passing there through. The coaxial cable is disposed within drilling components to transmit electrical signals between drilling components within a drill string. During oil and gas exploration, a drill string can see a range of pressures and temperatures thus resulting in multiple combinations of temperature and pressure and increasing the difficulty of creating a robust seal for all combinations. The seal system can be used in a plurality of downhole components, such as sections of pipe in a drill string, drill collars, heavy weight drill pipe, and jars.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lee, S.; Petrykin, V.; Molodyk, A.; Samoilenkov, S.; Kaul, A.; Vavilov, A.; Vysotsky, V.; Fetisov, S.
2014-04-01
The SuperOx and SuperOx Japan LLC companies were founded with the goal of developing a cost-effective technology for second generation HTS (2G HTS) tapes by utilizing a combination of the most advanced chemical and physical deposition techniques, together with implementing original tape architectures. In this paper we present a brief overview of our production and experimental facilities and recent results of 2G HTS tape fabrication, and describe the first tests of the tapes in model cables for AC and DC power application.
30 CFR 75.343 - Underground shops.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Underground shops. 75.343 Section 75.343... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Ventilation § 75.343 Underground shops. (a) Underground shops shall be equipped with an automatic fire suppression system meeting the requirements of § 75.1107...
30 CFR 75.343 - Underground shops.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Underground shops. 75.343 Section 75.343... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Ventilation § 75.343 Underground shops. (a) Underground shops shall be equipped with an automatic fire suppression system meeting the requirements of § 75.1107...
30 CFR 75.343 - Underground shops.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Underground shops. 75.343 Section 75.343... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Ventilation § 75.343 Underground shops. (a) Underground shops shall be equipped with an automatic fire suppression system meeting the requirements of § 75.1107...
30 CFR 75.343 - Underground shops.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Underground shops. 75.343 Section 75.343... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Ventilation § 75.343 Underground shops. (a) Underground shops shall be equipped with an automatic fire suppression system meeting the requirements of § 75.1107...
Heart catheter cable and connector
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Harrison, D. R.; Cota, F. L.; Sandler, H.
1972-01-01
Ultraminiature catheter cables that are stiff enough for intravenous insertion yet flexible at the tip, sterilizable, and economical are fabricated entirely from commercially available parts. Assembly includes air passageway for reference pressures and coaxial cable for transmission of signals from the tip of catheter.
High-temperature flat-conductor cable
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rigling, W. S.
1976-01-01
Temperature limit of 25-conductor signal cable and 3-conductor power cable, fabricated using woven and roll laminated technique, increased from 200 C to 350 C when polyimide/fluorinated ethylene propylene or polytetrafluoroethylene insulation films and fluorinated ethylene propylene as adhesive medium is applied.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lebouc, L.; Marmignon, J.
1983-03-29
A cable for prospecting, said cable including a core of conductor wires surrounded by insulating material and by armour formed by at least one layer of helically wound steel wires. It includes, from its center to its periphery, inside the armour, an axial monofilament made of a polymer that withstands high temperatures, said monofilament forming the insulation of an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a sheath made of a thermoplastic substance that withstands high temperatures, said inner conductor serving a different electrical function than said core of conductor wires.
Cable-catenary large antenna concept
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Akle, W.
1985-01-01
Deployable to very large diameters (over 1000 ft), while still remaining compatible with a complete satellite system launch by STS, the cable-catenary antenna comprises: 8 radial deployable boom masts; a deployable hub and feed support center mast; balanced front and back, radial and circumferential catenary cabling for highly accurate (mm) surface control; no interfering cabling in the antenna field; and an RF reflecting mesh supported on the front catenaries. Illustrations show the antenna-satellite system deployed and stowed configurations; the antenna deployment sequence; the design analysis logic; the sizing analysis output, and typical parametric design data.
Fully synthetic taped insulation cables
Forsyth, E.B.; Muller, A.C.
1983-07-15
The present invention is a cable which, although constructed from inexpensive polyolefin tapes and using typical impregnating oils, furnishes high voltage capability up to 765 kV, and has such excellent dielectric characteristics and heat transfer properties that it is capable of operation at capacities equal to or higher than presently available cables at a given voltage. This is accomplished by using polyethylene, polybutene or polypropylene insulating tape which has been specially processed to attain properties which are not generally found in these materials, but are required for their use in impregnated electrical cables. Chief among these properties is compatibility with impregnating oil.
47 CFR 76.111 - Cable sports blackout.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Cable sports blackout. 76.111 Section 76.111... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout § 76.111 Cable sports blackout. (a) No community unit located in whole or in part within the specified...
47 CFR 76.111 - Cable sports blackout.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cable sports blackout. 76.111 Section 76.111... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout § 76.111 Cable sports blackout. (a) No community unit located in whole or in part within the specified...
47 CFR 76.111 - Cable sports blackout.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cable sports blackout. 76.111 Section 76.111... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout § 76.111 Cable sports blackout. (a) No community unit located in whole or in part within the specified...
47 CFR 32.2426 - Intrabuilding network cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Intrabuilding network cable. 32.2426 Section 32... Intrabuilding network cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of cables and wires located on the company's side of the demarcation point or standard network interface inside subscribers' buildings or...
47 CFR 32.2426 - Intrabuilding network cable.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Intrabuilding network cable. 32.2426 Section 32... Intrabuilding network cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of cables and wires located on the company's side of the demarcation point or standard network interface inside subscribers' buildings or...
47 CFR 15.213 - Cable locating equipment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable locating equipment. 15.213 Section 15.213 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Intentional Radiators § 15.213 Cable locating equipment. An intentional radiator used as cable locating equipment, as defined in § 15.3...
47 CFR 76.111 - Cable sports blackout.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable sports blackout. 76.111 Section 76.111... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout § 76.111 Cable sports blackout. (a) No community unit located in whole or in part within the specified...
47 CFR 76.111 - Cable sports blackout.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cable sports blackout. 76.111 Section 76.111... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Network Non-duplication Protection, Syndicated Exclusivity and Sports Blackout § 76.111 Cable sports blackout. (a) No community unit located in whole or in part within the specified...
Optimal energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of cables.
Antoine, G O; de Langre, E; Michelin, S
2016-11-01
Vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of flexible cables are an example of flow-induced vibrations that can act as energy harvesting systems by converting energy associated with the spontaneous cable motion into electricity. This work investigates the optimal positioning of the harvesting devices along the cable, using numerical simulations with a wake oscillator model to describe the unsteady flow forcing. Using classical gradient-based optimization, the optimal harvesting strategy is determined for the generic configuration of a flexible cable fixed at both ends, including the effect of flow forces and gravity on the cable's geometry. The optimal strategy is found to consist systematically in a concentration of the harvesting devices at one of the cable's ends, relying on deformation waves along the cable to carry the energy towards this harvesting site. Furthermore, we show that the performance of systems based on VIV of flexible cables is significantly more robust to flow velocity variations, in comparison with a rigid cylinder device. This results from two passive control mechanisms inherent to the cable geometry: (i) the adaptability to the flow velocity of the fundamental frequencies of cables through the flow-induced tension and (ii) the selection of successive vibration modes by the flow velocity for cables with gravity-induced tension.
Optimal energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of cables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Antoine, G. O.; de Langre, E.; Michelin, S.
2016-11-01
Vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of flexible cables are an example of flow-induced vibrations that can act as energy harvesting systems by converting energy associated with the spontaneous cable motion into electricity. This work investigates the optimal positioning of the harvesting devices along the cable, using numerical simulations with a wake oscillator model to describe the unsteady flow forcing. Using classical gradient-based optimization, the optimal harvesting strategy is determined for the generic configuration of a flexible cable fixed at both ends, including the effect of flow forces and gravity on the cable's geometry. The optimal strategy is found to consist systematically in a concentration of the harvesting devices at one of the cable's ends, relying on deformation waves along the cable to carry the energy towards this harvesting site. Furthermore, we show that the performance of systems based on VIV of flexible cables is significantly more robust to flow velocity variations, in comparison with a rigid cylinder device. This results from two passive control mechanisms inherent to the cable geometry: (i) the adaptability to the flow velocity of the fundamental frequencies of cables through the flow-induced tension and (ii) the selection of successive vibration modes by the flow velocity for cables with gravity-induced tension.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
LeBlanc, M. A. R.; Cameron, Daniel S. M.; LeBlanc, David; Meng, Jinglei
1996-01-01
Hysteresis losses, Wac, in the core of a monolithic coaxial cable carrying an alternating current of fixed amplitude Iac are predicted to trace a valley as a steady bias current Ibias is superimposed on Iac, when (a) the critical current density jc diminishes with increasing magnetic field H, and/or (b) a Meissner current IM or a surface barrier current ISB opposing flux entry play a role. The predicted Ibias,min where the valley minimum occurs and the value of Wac at the minima are displayed for various IM≥0 and ISB≥0 when jc=α (Bean) and jc=α/H (Kim approximation).
46 CFR 129.340 - Cable and wiring.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... buildup of condensation. (b) Each cable and wire must— (1) Have stranded copper conductors with sufficient... Power Sources and Distribution Systems § 129.340 Cable and wiring. (a) If individual wires, rather than cables, are used in systems operating at a potential of greater than 50 volts, the wire and associated...
46 CFR 129.340 - Cable and wiring.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... buildup of condensation. (b) Each cable and wire must— (1) Have stranded copper conductors with sufficient... Power Sources and Distribution Systems § 129.340 Cable and wiring. (a) If individual wires, rather than cables, are used in systems operating at a potential of greater than 50 volts, the wire and associated...
46 CFR 129.340 - Cable and wiring.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... buildup of condensation. (b) Each cable and wire must— (1) Have stranded copper conductors with sufficient... Power Sources and Distribution Systems § 129.340 Cable and wiring. (a) If individual wires, rather than cables, are used in systems operating at a potential of greater than 50 volts, the wire and associated...
46 CFR 129.340 - Cable and wiring.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... buildup of condensation. (b) Each cable and wire must— (1) Have stranded copper conductors with sufficient... Power Sources and Distribution Systems § 129.340 Cable and wiring. (a) If individual wires, rather than cables, are used in systems operating at a potential of greater than 50 volts, the wire and associated...
Using Cable Television for Library Data Transmission.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Whitaker, Douglas A.
1985-01-01
Discusses information gained from a test of cable data circuits on a Geac bibliographic control system at the Wayne Oakland Library Federation (WOLF) (Michigan). Highlights include an introduction to cable, hardware profile, the WOLF experience, and key questions that will affect the future use of cable for data transmission. (EJS)
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cable runs. 113.10-3 Section 113.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-3 Cable runs. Cable runs between...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cable runs. 113.10-3 Section 113.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-3 Cable runs. Cable runs between...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cable runs. 113.10-3 Section 113.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-3 Cable runs. Cable runs between...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Cable runs. 113.10-3 Section 113.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-3 Cable runs. Cable runs between...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable runs. 113.10-3 Section 113.10-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Fire and Smoke Detecting and Alarm Systems § 113.10-3 Cable runs. Cable runs between...
Coaxial cable Bragg grating assisted microwave coupler.
Huang, Jie; Wei, Tao; Fan, Jun; Xiao, Hai
2014-01-01
This paper reports a microwave coupler based on two parallel coaxial cable Bragg gratings fabricated by drilling U-grooves across the cables at periodic distance along the cable direction. Electromagnetic field couplings between two cables were observed at discrete frequencies through both near and far ends detections. The coupling frequency and strength can be precisely controlled by varying the grating period and length. The coupling bandwidth may also be controlled through specific grating design. The device physics was also described through transfer matrix which matched well with the experimental results.
Thin semi-rigid coaxial cables for cryogenics applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kushino, Akihiro; Kasai, Soichi
2013-03-01
We have developed cryogenic coaxial cables for low temperature signal readout from sensitive devices, such as transition edge sensors, superconducting tunnel junctions, and kinetic inductance detectors. In order to reduce heat penetration into cryogenic stages, low thermal conductivity metals were chosen for both center and outer electrical conductors. Various types of coaxial cables, employing stainless-steel, cupro-nickel, brass, beryllium-copper, phosphor-bronze, niobium, and niobium-titanium, were manufactured using drawing dies. Thermal and electrical properties were investigated between 1 and 8 K. Coaxial cables made of copper alloys showed thermal conductance roughly consistent with literature, meanwhile Nb coaxial cable must be affected by the drawing process and thermal conductance was lowered. Attenuation of superconducting Nb and NbTi coaxial cables were observed to be adequately small up to above 10 GHz compared to those of normal conducting coaxial cables, which are subject to the Wiedemann-Franz law. We also measured normal conducting coaxial cables with silver-plated center conductors to improve high frequency performance.
External heating of electrical cables and auto-ignition investigation.
Courty, L; Garo, J P
2017-01-05
Electric cables are now extensively used for both residential and industrial applications. During more than twenty years, multi-scale approaches have been developed to study fire behavior of such cables that represents a serious challenge. Cables are rather complicated materials because they consist of an insulated part and jacket of polymeric materials. These polymeric materials can have various chemical structures, thicknesses and additives and generally have a char-forming tendency when exposed to heat source. In this work, two test methods are used for the characterization of cable pyrolysis and flammability. The first one permits the investigation of cable pyrolysis. A description of the cable mass loss is obtained, coupling an Arrhenius expression with a 1D thermal model of cables heating. Numerical results are successfully compared with experimental data obtained for two types of cable commonly used in French nuclear power plants. The second one is devoted to ignition investigations (spontaneous or piloted) of these cables. All these basic observations, measurements and modelling efforts are of major interest for a more comprehensive fire resistance evaluation of electric cables. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Global Pursuits: The Underground Railroad
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
School Arts: The Art Education Magazine for Teachers, 2004
2004-01-01
This brief article describes Charles T. Webber's oil on canvas painting, "The Underground Railroad, 1893." The subject of this painting is the Underground Railroad, which today has become an American legend. The Underground Railroad was not a systematic means of transportation, but rather a secretive process that allowed fugitive slaves…
The Cable Book. Community Television for Massachusetts?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Achtenberg, Ben
This manual is especially designed to inform and aid community organizations in understanding cable television and planning for the future. With the exception of the chapter on Massachusetts cable legislation, most of the book should be useful to community organizations anywhere. At the beginning, the history and experience of cable television in…
Underground Coal Preparation System and Applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wei, Cao; DeYong, Shang; BaoNing, Zhang
2018-03-01
The underground coal preparation is a cutting-edge technology of the coal industry worldwide. This paper introduced the meaning of implementing the underground coal preparation, and the practical applications of underground mechanical moving screen jig, underground heavy medium shallow slot and underground air jigger. Through analyzing the main separation equipment and the advantages and disadvantages of three primary processes from aspects of process complexity, slime water treatment, raw coal preparation, etc., the difference among technology investment, construction scale, production cost and economic benefit is concluded.
Causes of Cracking of Ignition Cable
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Silsbee, F B
1921-01-01
The experiments described here show that the cracking at sharp bends, observed in the insulation of internal combustion engine high tension ignition wires after service, is due to a chemical attack upon the rubber by the ozone produced by the electric discharge that takes place at the surface of the cable. This cracking does not occur if the insulating material is not under tension, or if the cable is surrounded by some medium other than air. But it does occur even if the insulation is not subjected to electric stress, provided that the atmosphere near the cable contains ozone. The extent of this cracking varies greatly with the insulating material used. The cracking can be materially reduced by using braided cable and by avoiding sharp bends.
Cable Television and the University.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lyman, Richard
Universities contain powerful blocs of resistance to new educational technology, perhaps especially to television. University attitudes and structures as well as faculty ignorance, apathy, and resistance affect the development of cable television. No one seems to speak with great confidence and precision about the educational potential of cable.…
Protected, high-temperature connecting cable
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Engdahl, R. E.
1967-01-01
Ceramic insulated, swaged stainless steel, sheathed, protective atmosphere cable admits electrical leads into an 1800 deg F air-environment test chamber. The cable has some bending capability and provides for nine niobium alloy conductors. An argon purge during the TIG weld closure protects internal wires from oxidation and embrittlement.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Glass, Samuel W.; Fifield, Leonard S.; Hartman, Trenton S.
This Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) milestone report describes progress to date on the investigation of nondestructive test (NDE) methods focusing particularly on local measurements that provide key indicators of cable aging and damage. The work includes a review of relevant literature as well as hands-on experimental verification of inspection capabilities. As NPPs consider applying for second, or subsequent, license renewal (SLR) to extend their operating period from 60 years to 80 years, it important to understand how the materials installed in plant systems and components will age during that time and develop aging management programs (AMPs) to assure continuedmore » safe operation under normal and design basis events (DBE). Normal component and system tests typically confirm the cables can perform their normal operational function. The focus of the cable test program is directed toward the more demanding challenge of assuring the cable function under accident or DBE. Most utilities already have a program associated with their first life extension from 40 to 60 years. Regrettably, there is neither a clear guideline nor a single NDE that can assure cable function and integrity for all cables. Thankfully, however, practical implementation of a broad range of tests allows utilities to develop a practical program that assures cable function to a high degree. The industry has adopted 50% elongation at break (EAB) relative to the un-aged cable condition as the acceptability standard. All tests are benchmarked against the cable EAB test. EAB is a destructive test so the test programs must apply an array of other NDE tests to assure or infer the overall set of cable’s system integrity. These cable NDE programs vary in rigor and methodology. As the industry gains experience with the efficacy of these programs, it is expected that implementation practice will converge to a more common approach. This report addresses the range of local NDE cable tests
The use of sublaminar cables to replace Luque wires.
Songer, M N; Spencer, D L; Meyer, P R; Jayaraman, G
1991-08-01
Sublaminar wires have been used in conjunction with posterior instrumentation to stabilize the spine. Sublaminar wiring has fallen into disfavor because of an increase in neurologic complications with the Luque technique as well as wire breakage, dural tears, and difficulty of removal. A cable system consisting of two 49-stranded stainless steel cables connected to one malleable leader was designed to overcome these shortcomings. Biomechanical testing revealed that the maximum yield strength of a single stainless steel cable loop was 2.85-2.94 times greater than a double 0.05-in. stainless steel wire loop. The fatigue tests demonstrated that the stainless steel cables required 6-22 times more cycles to failure than the stainless steel wire. Many of the titanium cables failed immediately under higher loads (0-100 lb) because of slipping of the crimp. The preliminary clinical results after a mean of 19 months of follow-up of 245 cables are encouraging. There has been no breakage or loosening of the cables and no complications associated with the use of the cables. The stainless steel cables are very strong, but more important, the cable flexibility prevents repeated contusions to the spinal cord during insertion of the rods and tightening of wires. The cable conforms to the undersurface of the lamina. This may lead to a decrease in neurologic complications.
Cable Feedthrough Between Liquid Oxygen And Ambient
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Myers, Don A.
1992-01-01
Encapsulant and back pressure provide double protection. Cable-feedthrough tube between ambient air and interior of vessel containing liquid oxygen protects external instrumentation and cable from oxygen. Cable in tube surrounded by potting compound. Provides flow of gaseous nitrogen to dilute oxidant and makes it harmless in case of leakage through crack in potting compound.
Shape adjustment optimization and experiment of cable-membrane reflectors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Du, Jingli; Gu, Yongzhen; Bao, Hong; Wang, Congsi; Chen, Xiaofeng
2018-05-01
Cable-membrane structures are widely employed for large space reflectors due to their lightweight, compact and easy package. In these structures, membranes are attached to cable net, serving as reflectors themselves or as supporting structures for other reflective surface. The cable length and membrane shape have to be carefully designed and fabricated to guarantee the desired reflector surface shape. However, due to inevitable error in cable length and membrane shape during the manufacture and assembly of cable-membrane reflectors, some cables have to be designed to be capable of length adjustment. By carefully adjusting the length of these cables, the degeneration in reflector shape precision due to this inevitable error can be effectively reduced. In the paper a shape adjustment algorithm for cable-membrane reflectors is proposed. Meanwhile, model updating is employed during shape adjustment to decrease the discrepancy of the numerical model with respect to the actual reflector. This discrepancy has to be considered because during attaching membranes to cable net, the accuracy of the membrane shape is hard to guarantee. Numerical examples and experimental results demonstrate the proposed method.
Superconducting cable connections and methods
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
van der Laan, Daniel Cornelis
2017-09-05
Superconducting cable connector structures include a terminal body (or other structure) onto which the tapes from the superconducting cable extend. The terminal body (or other structure) has a diameter that is sufficiently larger than the diameter of the former of the superconducting cable, so that the tapes spread out over the outer surface of the terminal body. As a result, gaps are formed between tapes on the terminal body (or other structure). Those gaps are filled with solder (or other suitable flowable conductive material), to provide a current path of relatively high conductivity in the radial direction. Other connector structuresmore » omit the terminal body.« less
Data Base On Cables And Connectors
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bowen, Arlen R.; Oliver, John D.
1995-01-01
Report describes Connector Adapter Cable Information Data Base (CONNAID) computer program, managing data base containing necessary information concerning electrical connectors, breakout boxes, adapter cables, backshells, and pertinent torque specifications for engineering project.
Coaxial cable stripper for confined areas
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Brown, J. D.; Lipscomb, W. G.
1968-01-01
Manual coaxial cable stripper quickly and accurately prepares a coaxial cable in a confined area. With this tool, preparation time is greatly reduced, and a completely inexperienced technician can perform the operation.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Plaček, Vít; Kohout, Tomáš
2010-03-01
Two cable types, which currently are used in nuclear power plants (NPP) and which are composed by jacket/insulation materials, i.e. PVC/PVC and PVC/PE, were exposed to accelerated ageing conditions, in order to simulate their behavior after 10 years in service. The cables were aged under two different test conditions: With relatively high accelerating ageing speed:Radiation ageing was carried out at room temperature at a dose rate of 2900 Gy/h, followed by thermal ageing at 100 °C. This accelerated ageing condition was fairly fast, but still in compliance with the standards. With moderate ageing speed:The radiation and thermal ageing was performed simultaneously (superimposed) at a dose rate of 2.7-3.7Gy/h and a temperature of 68-70 °C. Such a test condition seems to be very close to the radiation and temperature impact onto the cables in the real NPP service. Finally, mechanical properties were measured to characterize the ageing status of the cables. The purpose of this study was to compare degradation effects, derived from both ageing methods, and to demonstrate that results obtained from high values of accelerating parameters and from fast ageing simulation can be very different from reality. The observed results corroborated this assumption.
An ac initiation system is described which uses three ac transmission signals interlocked for safety by frequency, phase, and power discrimination...The ac initiation system is pre-armed by the application of two ac signals have the proper phases, and activates a load when an ac power signal of the proper frequency and power level is applied. (Author)
65. CALIFORNIA STREET CABLE RAILWAY WINDING MACHINERY: Photocopy of ...
65. CALIFORNIA STREET CABLE RAILWAY - WINDING MACHINERY: Photocopy of February 1955 photograph showing the winding machinery of the California Street Cable Railroad. The two suspended sheaves on the right of the photograph bore down on the cable as it left the winders, supplying tension to the cable and eliminating the need for a long tension run. - San Francisco Cable Railway, Washington & Mason Streets, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA
Cable Television: Notebook Number Five.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Notebook, 1973
1973-01-01
Cable television has been introduced to the public as a revolutionary development in communications, but its history, evolving structure, and present operation indicate otherwise. A few large industrial conglomerates have come to dominate the field of cable television and studies by private institutions and the regulatory activities of the Federal…
Cable Television in Sedalia, Missouri.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lamkin, Kathryn Janel
A field study was conducted of the status of cable television in Sedalia, Missouri. Based on interviews of city council members and staff members of Cablevision, the Sedalia cable franchise holder, the following issues were investigated: (1) subscription rates; (2) franchise negotiations; (3) quality of existing services; and (4) possible…
High power cable with internal water cooling 400 kV
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rasquin, W.; Harjes, B.
1982-08-01
Due to the concentration of electricity production in large power plants, the need of higher power transmissions, and the protection of environment, developement of a 400 kV water cooled cable in the power range of 1 to 5 GVA was undertaken. The fabrication and testing of equipment, engineering of cable components, fabrication of a test cable, development of cable terminal laboratory, testing of test cable, field testing of test cable, fabrication of industrial cable laboratory, testing of industrial cable, field testing of industrial cable, and system analysis for optimization were prepared. The field testing was impossible to realize. However, it is proved that a cable consisting of an internal stainless steel water cooled tube, covered by stranded copper profiles, insulated with heavy high quality paper, and protected by an aluminum cover can be produced, withstand tests accordingly to IEC/VDE recommendations, and is able to fulfill all exploitation conditions.
Hall, Leslie C.; Hedges, Robert S.
1990-04-10
A cutting device is provided which is useful in trimming the jackets from semi-rigid coaxial cables and wire having a cutting bit and support attached to movable jaws. A thumbpiece is provided to actuate the opening of the jaws for receiving the cable to be trimmed, and a spring member is provided to actuate the closing of the jaws when thumbpiece is released. The cutting device utilizes one moving part during the cutting operation by using a rolling cut action. The nature of the jaws allows the cutting device to work in space having clearances less than 0.160 inches.
New Opportunities for Cabled Ocean Observatories
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Duennebier, F. K.; Butler, R.; Karl, D. M.; Roger, L. B.
2002-12-01
With the decommissioning of transoceanic telecommunications cables as they become obsolete or uneconomical, there is an opportunity to use these systems for ocean observatories. Two coaxial cables, TPC-1 and HAW-2 are currently in use for observatories, and another, ANZCAN, is scheduled to be used beginning in 2004 to provide a cabled observatory at Station ALOHA, north of Oahu. The ALOHA observatory will provide several Mb/s data rates and about 1 kW of power to experiments installed at Station ALOHA. Sensors can be installed either by wet mateable connection to a junction box on the ocean floor using an ROV, or by acoustic data link to the system. In either case real-time data will be provided to users over the Internet. A Small Experiment Module, to be first installed at the Hawaii-2 Observatory, and later at Station ALOHA, will provide relatively cheap and uncomplicated access to the observatories for relatively simple sensors. Within the next few years, the first electro-optical cables installed in the 1980's will be decommissioned and could be available for scientific use. These cables could provide long "extension cords" (thousands of km) with very high bandwidth and reasonable power to several observatories in remote locations in the ocean. While they could be used in-place, a more exciting scenario is to use cable ships to pick up sections of cable and move them to locations of higher scientific interest. While such moves would not be cheap, the costs would rival the cost of installation and maintenance of a buoyed observatory, with far more bandwidth and power available for science use.
Cable attachment for a radioactive brachytherapy source capsule
Gross, Ian G; Pierce, Larry A
2006-07-18
In cancer brachytherapy treatment, a small californium-252 neutron source capsule is attached to a guide cable using a modified crimping technique. The guide cable has a solid cylindrical end, and the attachment employs circumferential grooves micromachined in the solid cable end. The attachment was designed and tested, and hardware fabricated for use inside a radioactive hot cell. A welding step typically required in other cable attachments is avoided.
Apparatus producing constant cable tension for intermittent demand
Lauritzen, T.
1984-05-23
This invention relates to apparatus for producing constant tension in cable or the like when it is unreeled and reeled from a drum or spool under conditions of intermittent demand. The invention is particularly applicable to the handling of superconductive cable, but the invention is also applicable to the unreeling and reeling of other strands, such as electrical cable, wire, cord, other cables, fish line, wrapping paper and numerous other materials.
Woven ribbon cable for cryogenic instruments
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cunningham, C. R.; Hastings, P. R.; Strachan, J. M. D.
Robust woven ribbon cables are described for connecting sensors at low temperatures to higher temperature systems. Woven cables have several advantages over conventional wiring or flat ribbon cables in cryostats: heat sinking is easier; twisted pairs may be used; and miniature multi-way connectors are easily incorporated. Their use is demonstrated in making connections from 131 bolometers in two arrays mounted in a dilution refrigerator at 100 mK. Thermal and electrical properties are discussed, as are other possible applications in cryogenic instruments.
DEEP UNDERGROUND NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wilson, Robert J.
2016-03-03
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) collaboration will perform an experiment centered on accelerator-based long-baseline neutrino studies along with nucleon decay and topics in neutrino astrophysics. It will consist of a modular 40-kt (fiducial) mass liquid argon TPC detector located deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota and a high-resolution near detector at Fermilab in Illinois. This conguration provides a 1300-km baseline in a megawatt-scale neutrino beam provided by the Fermilab- hosted international Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility.
Cable-to-post attachments for use in non-proprietary high-tension cable median barrier - phase II.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2016-03-24
The objective of this study was to reevaluate and improve the existing cable-to-post attachment hardware that is utilized : in the non-proprietary cable barrier being developed at MwRSF. The study focused on redesigning the bolted, tabbed : bracket (...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ward, John E.
Many papers and articles over the past few years have suggested that the coaxial cable television (CATV) cable carries sufficient bandwidth into and out of the home that it can serve almost every conceivable communications need--providing many television viewing channels; two-way data, audio and data services; the functions of the present…
Nondestructive Examination for Nuclear Power Plant Cable Aging Management Programs
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Glass, Samuel W.; Fifield, Leonard S.
2016-01-01
Degradation of the cable jacket, electrical insulation, and other cable components of installed cables within nuclear power plants (NPPs) is known to occur as a function of age, temperature, radiation, and other environmental factors. System tests verify cable function under normal loads; however, the concern is over cable performance under exceptional loads associated with design-basis events (DBEs). The cable’s ability to perform safely over the initial 40 year planned and licensed life has generally been demonstrated and there have been very few age-related cable failures. With greater than 1000 km of power, control, instrumentation, and other cables typically found inmore » an NPP, replacing all the cables would be a severe cost burden. Justification for life extension to 60 and 80 years requires a cable aging management program (AMP) to justify cable performance under normal operation as well as accident conditions. This paper addresses various NDE technologies that constitute the essence of an acceptable aging management program.« less
Antenna Mechanism of Length Control of Actin Cables
Mohapatra, Lishibanya; Goode, Bruce L.; Kondev, Jane
2015-01-01
Actin cables are linear cytoskeletal structures that serve as tracks for myosin-based intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles in both yeast and mammalian cells. In a yeast cell undergoing budding, cables are in constant dynamic turnover yet some cables grow from the bud neck toward the back of the mother cell until their length roughly equals the diameter of the mother cell. This raises the question: how is the length of these cables controlled? Here we describe a novel molecular mechanism for cable length control inspired by recent experimental observations in cells. This “antenna mechanism” involves three key proteins: formins, which polymerize actin, Smy1 proteins, which bind formins and inhibit actin polymerization, and myosin motors, which deliver Smy1 to formins, leading to a length-dependent actin polymerization rate. We compute the probability distribution of cable lengths as a function of several experimentally tuneable parameters such as the formin-binding affinity of Smy1 and the concentration of myosin motors delivering Smy1. These results provide testable predictions of the antenna mechanism of actin-cable length control. PMID:26107518
Antenna Mechanism of Length Control of Actin Cables.
Mohapatra, Lishibanya; Goode, Bruce L; Kondev, Jane
2015-06-01
Actin cables are linear cytoskeletal structures that serve as tracks for myosin-based intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles in both yeast and mammalian cells. In a yeast cell undergoing budding, cables are in constant dynamic turnover yet some cables grow from the bud neck toward the back of the mother cell until their length roughly equals the diameter of the mother cell. This raises the question: how is the length of these cables controlled? Here we describe a novel molecular mechanism for cable length control inspired by recent experimental observations in cells. This "antenna mechanism" involves three key proteins: formins, which polymerize actin, Smy1 proteins, which bind formins and inhibit actin polymerization, and myosin motors, which deliver Smy1 to formins, leading to a length-dependent actin polymerization rate. We compute the probability distribution of cable lengths as a function of several experimentally tuneable parameters such as the formin-binding affinity of Smy1 and the concentration of myosin motors delivering Smy1. These results provide testable predictions of the antenna mechanism of actin-cable length control.
A systems-biology approach to yeast actin cables.
Drake, Tyler; Yusuf, Eddy; Vavylonis, Dimitrios
2012-01-01
We focus on actin cables in yeast as a model system for understanding cytoskeletal organization and the workings of actin itself. In particular, we highlight quantitative approaches on the kinetics of actin-cable assembly and methods of measuring their morphology by image analysis. Actin cables described by these studies can span greater lengths than a thousand end-to-end actin-monomers. Because of this difference in length scales, control of the actin-cable system constitutes a junction between short-range interactions - among actin-monomers and nucleating, polymerization-facilitating, side-binding, severing, and cross-linking proteins - and the emergence of cell-scale physical form as embodied by the actin cables themselves.
Submarine optical fiber cable: development and laying results.
Kojima, N; Yabuta, T; Negishi, Y; Iwabuchi, K; Kawata, O; Yamashita, K; Miyajima, Y; Yoshizawa, N
1982-03-01
This paper describes the structural design, trial production, and laying results for submarine optical fiber cables that can be deployed in shallow seas between islands and/or channel crossings without repeaters. Structural design methods for the submarine optical fiber cable are proposed, which take into consideration suppressing cable elongation under tension and excess loss under hydraulic pressure. This paper describes good laying results for the cable using this structural design method. The average loss for single-mode fibers was 0.72 dB/km, and the average loss for multimode fibers was 0.81 dB/km for a 10.2-km long cable operated at 1.3-microm wavelength.
Underground mineral extraction
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Miller, C. G.; Stephens, J. B.
1980-01-01
A method was developed for extracting underground minerals such as coal, which avoids the need for sending personnel underground and which enables the mining of steeply pitched seams of the mineral. The method includes the use of a narrow vehicle which moves underground along the mineral seam and which is connected by pipes or hoses to water pumps at the surface of the Earth. The vehicle hydraulically drills pilot holes during its entrances into the seam, and then directs sideward jets at the seam during its withdrawal from each pilot hole to comminute the mineral surrounding the pilot hole and combine it with water into a slurry, so that the slurried mineral can flow to a location where a pump raises the slurry to the surface.
30 CFR 77.602 - Permanent splicing of trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Permanent splicing of trailing cables. 77.602... COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.602 Permanent splicing of trailing cables. When permanent splices in trailing cables are made, they shall be: (a) Mechanically strong with adequate electrical conductivity; (b...
30 CFR 75.833 - Handling high-voltage trailing cables.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Handling high-voltage trailing cables. 75.833... High-Voltage Longwalls § 75.833 Handling high-voltage trailing cables. (a) Cable handling. (1) Miners must not handle energized trailing cables unless they are wearing high-voltage insulating gloves, which...
Optimal Design of Cable-Driven Manipulators Using Particle Swarm Optimization.
Bryson, Joshua T; Jin, Xin; Agrawal, Sunil K
2016-08-01
The design of cable-driven manipulators is complicated by the unidirectional nature of the cables, which results in extra actuators and limited workspaces. Furthermore, the particular arrangement of the cables and the geometry of the robot pose have a significant effect on the cable tension required to effect a desired joint torque. For a sufficiently complex robot, the identification of a satisfactory cable architecture can be difficult and can result in multiply redundant actuators and performance limitations based on workspace size and cable tensions. This work leverages previous research into the workspace analysis of cable systems combined with stochastic optimization to develop a generalized methodology for designing optimized cable routings for a given robot and desired task. A cable-driven robot leg performing a walking-gait motion is used as a motivating example to illustrate the methodology application. The components of the methodology are described, and the process is applied to the example problem. An optimal cable routing is identified, which provides the necessary controllable workspace to perform the desired task and enables the robot to perform that task with minimal cable tensions. A robot leg is constructed according to this routing and used to validate the theoretical model and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting cable architecture.
The optimum spanning catenary cable
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, C. Y.
2015-03-01
A heavy cable spans two points in space. There exists an optimum cable length such that the maximum tension is minimized. If the two end points are at the same level, the optimum length is 1.258 times the distance between the ends. The optimum lengths for end points of different heights are also found.
Cable Television and Public Safety.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cranberg, Gilbert
One of the most promising applications of cable television (CATV) is municipal surveillance of public areas for protection against crime, fire detection, control of air pollution, and traffic. Thus far, however, the CATV industry has made minimal efforts to realize the potential of CATV for community protection--the use of cable for public safety…
Inferring the most probable maps of underground utilities using Bayesian mapping model
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bilal, Muhammad; Khan, Wasiq; Muggleton, Jennifer; Rustighi, Emiliano; Jenks, Hugo; Pennock, Steve R.; Atkins, Phil R.; Cohn, Anthony
2018-03-01
Mapping the Underworld (MTU), a major initiative in the UK, is focused on addressing social, environmental and economic consequences raised from the inability to locate buried underground utilities (such as pipes and cables) by developing a multi-sensor mobile device. The aim of MTU device is to locate different types of buried assets in real time with the use of automated data processing techniques and statutory records. The statutory records, even though typically being inaccurate and incomplete, provide useful prior information on what is buried under the ground and where. However, the integration of information from multiple sensors (raw data) with these qualitative maps and their visualization is challenging and requires the implementation of robust machine learning/data fusion approaches. An approach for automated creation of revised maps was developed as a Bayesian Mapping model in this paper by integrating the knowledge extracted from sensors raw data and available statutory records. The combination of statutory records with the hypotheses from sensors was for initial estimation of what might be found underground and roughly where. The maps were (re)constructed using automated image segmentation techniques for hypotheses extraction and Bayesian classification techniques for segment-manhole connections. The model consisting of image segmentation algorithm and various Bayesian classification techniques (segment recognition and expectation maximization (EM) algorithm) provided robust performance on various simulated as well as real sites in terms of predicting linear/non-linear segments and constructing refined 2D/3D maps.
30 CFR 75.810 - High-voltage trailing cables; splices.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-voltage trailing cables; splices. 75.810... § 75.810 High-voltage trailing cables; splices. [Statutory Provisions] In the case of high-voltage cables used as trailing cables, temporary splices shall not be used and all permanent splices shall be...
30 CFR 18.35 - Portable (trailing) cables and cords.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Portable (trailing) cables and cords. 18.35... and Design Requirements § 18.35 Portable (trailing) cables and cords. (a) Portable cables and cords... a portable (trailing) cable shall not exceed 500 feet. Where the method of mining requires the...
Regulations; Office of Cable Television, State of New Jersey.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
New Jersey State Dept. of Public Utilities, Trenton. Office of Cable Television.
Regulations promulgated in accordance with the authority provided the Office of Cable Television, Board of Public Utility Commissioners, State of New Jersey, to regulate cable television in the public interest are set forth. These apply to cable television (CATV) companies which own, control, operate, or manage cable television systems and to…
Mechanisms of Cables 1 gene inactivation in human ovarian cancer development.
Sakamoto, Hideo; Friel, Anne M; Wood, Antony W; Guo, Lankai; Ilic, Ana; Seiden, Michael V; Chung, Daniel C; Lynch, Maureen P; Serikawa, Takehiro; Munro, Elizabeth; Oliva, Esther; Orsulic, Sandra; Kirley, Sandra D; Foster, Rosemary; Zukerberg, Lawrence R; Rueda, Bo R
2008-02-01
Cables 1, a cyclin-dependent kinase binding protein, is primarily involved in cell cycle regulation. Loss of nuclear Cables 1 expression is observed in human colon, lung and endometrial cancers. We previously reported that loss of nuclear Cables 1 expression was also observed with high frequency in a limited sample set of human ovarian carcinomas, although the mechanisms underlying loss of nuclear Cables 1 expression remained unknown. Our present objective was to examine Cables 1 expression in ovarian cancer in greater detail, and determine the predominant mechanisms of Cables 1 loss. We assessed potential genetic and epigenetic modifications of the Cables 1 locus through analyses of mutation, polymorphisms, loss of heterozygosity and DNA methylation. We observed a marked loss of nuclear Cables 1 expression in serous and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas that correlated with decreased Cables 1 mRNA levels. Although we detected no Cables 1 mutations, there was evidence of LOH at the Cables 1 locus and epigenetic modification of the Cables 1 promoter region in a subset of ovarian carcinomas and established cancer cell lines. From a functional perspective, over-expression of Cables 1 induced apoptosis, whereas, knockdown of Cables 1 negated this effect. Together these findings suggest that multiple mechanisms underlie the loss of Cables 1 expression in ovarian cancer cells, supporting the hypothesis that Cables 1 is a tumor suppressor in human ovarian cancer.
Smaller but Fully Functional Backshell for Cable Connector
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Stephenson, Gregory
2009-01-01
An improved design for the backshell of a connector for a shielded, multiplewire cable reduces the size of the backshell, relative to traditional designs of backshells of otherwise identical cable connectors. Notwithstanding the reduction in size, the design provides all the functionality typically demanded of such a backshell, including (1) termination of the cable shield (that is, grounding of the shield to the backshell), (2) strain relief for the cable, and (3) protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Experimental Measurements and Comparison of Cable Performance for Mine Hunting Applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mangum, Katherine
2005-11-01
The Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWCCD) conducted testing of multiple faired synthetic cables in the High Speed Basin in April, 2005. The objective of the test was to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of bare cables, ribbon faired cables, and cables with extruded plastic ``strakes.'' Faired cables are used to gain on-station time and improve performance of the MH-60 Helicopter when towing mine hunting vehicles. Drag and strum were compared for all cases. Strum was quantified by computing standard deviations of lateral cable acceleration amplitudes. Drag coefficients were calculated using cable tension and angle readings. While the straked cables strummed less than the bare synthetic cable, they did not reduce strum levels as well as ribbon fairing at steep cable angles for speeds of 10, 15, 20 and 25 knots. The drag coefficient of the straked cables was calculated to be higher than that of a bare cable, although further testing is needed to determine an exact number.
The Uses of Cable Communications.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cable Television Information Center, Washington, DC.
Only by having an appreciation of how cable systems can be used, the attendant costs and limitations, can local authorities rationally evaluate its impact on the community. This report is intended to provide an introduction to the range of uses and communications services now possible with cable systems. The first part of the report includes a…
Cable Television: Uses in Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Carpenter, Polly
This is the first volume of a two-part study of the role of cable television in education; its purposes are to discuss the implications of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ruling that all cable systems in the top 100 markets must reserve one channel for educational purposes and to stimulate the interests of educators by making them…
Possibilities and Limitations of Cable TV for Adult Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Niemi, John A.
The paper investigates various organizational models of cable TV ownership and control, legislation in Canada and the United States regarding cable systems, and the potential of cable as an information network for adult education. With a view to giving everyone access to the cable medium and an opportunity to participate, advantages and…
Communications Via Undersea Cables: Present And Future
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Paul, D. K.
1985-11-01
Advances in fiber optic technology in the past few years have firmly established the superiority of optical fiber to coaxial cables, particularly for large-capacity, long-haul transmission systems. Recently, several undersea fiber optic cable systems have been proposed by both common and noncommon carriers. This paper addresses the techno-economic implications of these applications, and includes a brief review of the current status of undersea cable technology and a projection of future demand and capabilities. The prospects for using high-speed, multifiber undersea cable systems for international communications, extension of these systems through fiber optic terrestrial distribution, and future developmental trends are critically assessed.
47 CFR 1.1306 - Actions which are categorically excluded from environmental processing.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... the installation of aerial wire or cable over existing aerial corridors of prior or permitted use or the underground installation of wire or cable along existing underground corridors of prior or permitted use, established by the applicant or others. The use of existing buildings, towers or corridors is...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Ownership of an underground storage tank or underground storage tank system or facility or property on which an underground storage tank or underground storage tank system is located. 280.220 Section 280.220 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID...
System and method for sub-sea cable termination
Chen, Qin; Yin, Weijun; Zhang, Lili
2016-04-05
An electrical connector includes a first cable termination chamber configured to receive a first power cable having at least a first conductor sheathed at least in part by a first insulating layer and a first insulation screen layer. Also, the electrical connector includes a first non-linear resistive layer configured to be coupled to a portion of the first conductor unsheathed by at least the first insulation screen layer and configured to control a direct current electric field generated in the first cable termination chamber. In addition, the electrical connector includes a first deflector configured to be coupled to the first power cable and control an alternating current electric field generated in the first cable termination chamber.
A Systems-Biology Approach to Yeast Actin Cables
Drake, Tyler; Yusuf, Eddy; Vavylonis, Dimitrios
2011-01-01
We focus on actin cables in yeast as a model system for understanding cytoskeletal organization and the workings of actin itself. In particular, we highlight quantitative approaches on the kinetics of actin cable assembly and methods of measuring their morphology by image analysis. Actin cables described by these studies can span greater lengths than a thousand end-to-end actin monomers. Because of this difference in length scales, control of the actin-cable system constitutes a junction between short-range interactions—among actin monomers and nucleating, polymerization-facilitating, side-binding, severing, and cross-linking proteins—and the emergence of cell-scale physical form as embodied by the actin cables themselves. PMID:22161338
Total Magnetic Field Signatures over Submarine HVDC Power Cables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Johnson, R. M.; Tchernychev, M.; Johnston, J. M.; Tryggestad, J.
2013-12-01
Mikhail Tchernychev, Geometrics, Inc. Ross Johnson, Geometrics, Inc. Jeff Johnston, Geometrics, Inc. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology is widely used to transmit electrical power over considerable distances using submarine cables. The most commonly known examples are the HVDC cable between Italy and Greece (160 km), Victoria-Tasmania (300 km), New Jersey - Long Island (82 km) and the Transbay cable (Pittsburg, California - San-Francisco). These cables are inspected periodically and their location and burial depth verified. This inspection applies to live and idle cables; in particular a survey company could be required to locate pieces of a dead cable for subsequent removal from the sea floor. Most HVDC cables produce a constant magnetic field; therefore one of the possible survey tools would be Marine Total Field Magnetometer. We present mathematical expressions of the expected magnetic fields and compare them with fields observed during actual surveys. We also compare these anomalies fields with magnetic fields produced by other long objects, such as submarine pipelines The data processing techniques are discussed. There include the use of Analytic Signal and direct modeling of Total Magnetic Field. The Analytic Signal analysis can be adapted using ground truth where available, but the total field allows better discrimination of the cable parameters, in particular to distinguish between live and idle cable. Use of a Transverse Gradiometer (TVG) allows for easy discrimination between cable and pipe line objects. Considerable magnetic gradient is present in the case of a pipeline whereas there is less gradient for the DC power cable. Thus the TVG is used to validate assumptions made during the data interpretation process. Data obtained during the TVG surveys suggest that the magnetic field of a live HVDC cable is described by an expression for two infinite long wires carrying current in opposite directions.
47 CFR 76.403 - Cable television system reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cable television system reports. 76.403 Section 76.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Forms and Reports § 76.403 Cable television system reports. The...
47 CFR 76.403 - Cable television system reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cable television system reports. 76.403 Section 76.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Forms and Reports § 76.403 Cable television system reports. The...
47 CFR 76.403 - Cable television system reports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Cable television system reports. 76.403 Section 76.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Forms and Reports § 76.403 Cable television system reports. The...
Crystal River 3 Cable Materials for Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Fifield, Leonard S.; Correa, Miguel; Zwoster, Andy
The Expanded Materials Degradation Assessment Volume 5: Aging of Cables and Cable Systems (EMDA) summarizes the state of knowledge of materials, constructions, operating environments, and aging behavior of low voltage and medium cables in nuclear power plants (NPPs) and identifies potential knowledge gaps with regard to cable operation beyond 60 years. The greatest area of uncertainty relates to how well the accelerated aging used in the original equipment qualification (EQ) processes predicts the performance of cable materials in extended operation. General opinion and utility experience have indicated that actual operating environments of in-plant cables are not as severe, however, asmore » the operating and design basis environments used in the qualification process. Better understanding of the long term aging behavior of cable insulation materials in service conditions and the analysis of actual cable operating environments are the objectives of ongoing research to support subsequent license renewal activities in particular and long term cable aging management in general. A key component of the effort to better understand cable material aging behavior is the availability of representative samples of cables that have been installed in operating light water reactors and have experienced long term service. Unique access to long term service cables, including relatively rich information on cable identity and history, occurred in 2016 through the assistance of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). EPRI facilitated DOE receipt of harvested cables from the decommissioned Crystal River Unit 3 (CR3) pressurized water reactor representing six of the nine most common low voltage cable manufacturers (EPRI 103841R1): Rockbestos, Anaconda Wire and Cable Company (Anaconda), Boston Insulated Wire (BIW), Brand-Rex, Kerite and Okonite. Cable samples received had been installed in the operating plant for durations ranging from 10 years to 36 years. These cables provide
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ouyang, Bo; Shang, Weiwei
2016-03-01
The solution of tension distributions is infinite for cable-driven parallel manipulators(CDPMs) with redundant cables. A rapid optimization method for determining the optimal tension distribution is presented. The new optimization method is primarily based on the geometry properties of a polyhedron and convex analysis. The computational efficiency of the optimization method is improved by the designed projection algorithm, and a fast algorithm is proposed to determine which two of the lines are intersected at the optimal point. Moreover, a method for avoiding the operating point on the lower tension limit is developed. Simulation experiments are implemented on a six degree-of-freedom(6-DOF) CDPM with eight cables, and the results indicate that the new method is one order of magnitude faster than the standard simplex method. The optimal distribution of tension distribution is thus rapidly established on real-time by the proposed method.
Thin film conductors for self-equalizing cables
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Owen, G.; Trutna, W. R.; Orsley, T. J.; Lucia, F.; Daly, C. B.
2017-10-01
Self-equalizing cables using hollow conductors with wall thickness less than the skin depth were proposed in 1929. However, they do not appear ever to have been widely used, although the idea has resurfaced and been refined from time to time. In the early 2000's, self-equalizing conductors consisting of solid magnetic steel cores coated with silver were developed by W.L. Gore, and used in their 2.5 Gb/s "Eye-Opener" cables, although higher speed versions never appeared. We have revived the original 1929 idea, proposing to use glass as a solid insulating core. This technology can potentially work at frequencies of many 10's of GHz. Possible uses include short range GHz links such as USB and Thunderbolt, and intra-rack interconnections in data centers. Our feasibility experiments have validated the principle. Copper coated glass fibers can, in principle, be manufactured, but in these tests, the conductors were capillaries internally coated with silver as these are easily obtainable, relatively inexpensive and serve to test the concept. The performance of these experimental twin lead cables corresponds to calculations, confirming the general principle. By calculation, we have compared the performance of cables made from copper-on-insulator conductors to that of similar cables made with solid copper conductors, and verified that copper-on-insulator cables have significantly less frequency dependent loss. We have also made and tested cables with copper on PEEK conductors as surrogates for copper on glass fiber.
Modeling Cable and Guide Channel Interaction in a High-Strength Cable-Driven Continuum Manipulator
Moses, Matthew S.; Murphy, Ryan J.; Kutzer, Michael D. M.; Armand, Mehran
2016-01-01
This paper presents several mechanical models of a high-strength cable-driven dexterous manipulator designed for surgical procedures. A stiffness model is presented that distinguishes between contributions from the cables and the backbone. A physics-based model incorporating cable friction is developed and its predictions are compared with experimental data. The data show that under high tension and high curvature, the shape of the manipulator deviates significantly from a circular arc. However, simple parametric models can fit the shape with good accuracy. The motivating application for this study is to develop a model so that shape can be predicted using easily measured quantities such as tension, so that real-time navigation may be performed, especially in minimally-invasive surgical procedures, while reducing the need for hazardous imaging methods such as fluoroscopy. PMID:27818607
Modeling Cable and Guide Channel Interaction in a High-Strength Cable-Driven Continuum Manipulator.
Moses, Matthew S; Murphy, Ryan J; Kutzer, Michael D M; Armand, Mehran
2015-12-01
This paper presents several mechanical models of a high-strength cable-driven dexterous manipulator designed for surgical procedures. A stiffness model is presented that distinguishes between contributions from the cables and the backbone. A physics-based model incorporating cable friction is developed and its predictions are compared with experimental data. The data show that under high tension and high curvature, the shape of the manipulator deviates significantly from a circular arc. However, simple parametric models can fit the shape with good accuracy. The motivating application for this study is to develop a model so that shape can be predicted using easily measured quantities such as tension, so that real-time navigation may be performed, especially in minimally-invasive surgical procedures, while reducing the need for hazardous imaging methods such as fluoroscopy.
Wind-induced vibration of stay cables
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2007-08-01
Cable-stayed bridges have become the form of choice over the past several decades for bridges in the medium- to long-span range. In some cases, serviceability problems involving large amplitude vibrations of stay cables under certain wind and rain co...
46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-4 Minimum cable conductor size. Each cable conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...
46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-4 Minimum cable conductor size. Each cable conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...