Net CO/sub 2/ uptake over 24-hour periods was examined for the leaves and for the stems of 11 species of cacti representing all three subfamilies. For Pereskia aculeata, Pereskia grandifolia, and Maihuenia poeppigii (subfamily Pereskioideae), all the net shoot CO/sub 2/ uptake was by the leaves and during the daytime. In contrast, for the leafless species Carnegiea gigantea, Ferocactus ...

... Steppe (SGS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Coryphantha vivipara measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to ... ...

Net CO(2) uptake over 24-hour periods was examined for the leaves and for the stems of 11 species of cacti representing all three subfamilies. For Pereskia aculeata, Pereskia grandifolia, and Maihuenia poeppigii (subfamily Pereskioideae), all the net shoot CO(2) uptake was by the leaves and during the daytime. In contrast, for the leafless species Carnegiea gigantea, Ferocactus ...

Reduced uptake by the chlorenchyma cells of cacti of a stain (neutral red) was used as an indicator of low-temperature damage resulting from cooling stems in the laboratory. Necrosis set in a few degrees below the temperature at which the fraction of cells accumulating stain was reduced by 50%. Coryphantha vivipara, Opuntia polyacantha, and Pediocactus ...

Reduced uptake by the chlorenchyma cells of cacti of a stain (neutral red) was used as an indicator of low-temperature damage resulting from cooling stems in the laboratory. Necrosis set in a few degrees below the temperature at which the fraction of cells accumulating stain was reduced by 50%. Coryphantha vivipara, Opuntia polyacantha, and Pediocactus ...

Net CO₂ uptake over 24-hour periods was examined for the leaves and for the stems of 11 species of cacti representing all three subfamilies. For Pereskia aculeata, Pereskia grandifolia, and Maihuenia poeppigii (subfamily Pereskioideae), all the net shoot CO₂ uptake was by the leaves and during the daytime. In contrast, for the leafless species ...

Corylus colurna Tree Filbert 1 S11 2002239 Coryphantha missouriensis Cactus 3 XECA 1983004 Cotinus Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake-master 3 XENO 2004180 Escobaria vivipara Spiny Star Cactus 1 XECA 1992040

Celtis reticulata netleaf hackberry Chrysothamnus pulchellus Southwest rabbitbrush Coryphantha (Mammillaria) vivipara pincushion, ball cactus Ephedra sp. Ephedra Gutierrezia sarothrae broom snakeweed

... Lemaire) Lemaire renamed Coryphantha retusa. However, following Britton & Rose the name Coryphantha retusa has been used by all subsequent ... conserve Coryphantha retusa in the sense of Britton & Rose an...

Pima Pineapple cactus (Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina) Kingdom: Plantae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Caryophyllales ...

Language: English ...

... Timber Press. Baker, M. 2000. Surveys for Pima pineapple cactus (Coryphantha robustispina[Schott ex Engelm.] Britton & Rose) ... a permanent plot for the study of pima pineapple cactus (Coryphantha scheer...

Lee Pincushion cactus (Coryphantha sneedii var. leei) Kingdom: Plantae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Caryophyllales

... habitats compared to dry habitats. We conducted reciprocal transplants of juvenile L. vivipara to test for the ... humidity, juvenile survival, maternal effects, phenotypic plasticity, reciprocal transpla...

From intensive field investigation in 1978, six species under consideration by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) for endangered or threatened status were found on or near the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) in southern central Nevada. Based on recognized threats to these species, their overall distribution, rarity, and other factors, status recommendations were prepared for Sandia Corporation. The ...

This is the second of a two-part study of plant species on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) that are listed as possibly threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). This study was undertaken as a response by DOE to comply with the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (the Act). Part 1 treated species listed under terms of the Act as proposed endangered species. Part 2 primarily treats ...

A preliminary phenetic analysis was done to evaluate the taxonomic relationships within Coryphantha, section Robustispina, which includes C. robustispina ssp. robustispina, C. robustispina ssp. uncinata, C. robustispina ssp. scheeri, and C. poselgeriana. ...

... found in New Mexico...and the cacti at Anthony GapROOT GORELICK Coryphantha dasyacantha, never previously documented in New Mexico, is found around Anthony Gap in Doña Ana County, along with other ... ...

The bunched cory cactus, Coryphantha ramillosa Cutak, was designated a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act on November 6, 1979 (USFWS, 1979). It is also listed as threatened by the State of Texas. This species is known from southern and so...

Nebraska, U.S.A.: A new state record for the shortwing snowfly, Allocapnia vivipara (Plecoptera: Capniidae) This publication is not available online. Please ...

... made up >99% of the average diet: Acomastylis rossii (alpine avens flowers), Bistorta vivipara (alpine bistort bulbils), ... The three major foods in the diet (A. rossii, B. vivipara, and D. octopetala) w...

Jun 16, 2011... economic effects, and because it posed a threat to the Federally listed endangered Pima pineapple cactus (Coryphantha sheerii Muehlenph. ...

Jan 12, 2010 ... Pollination of pima pineapple cactus (Coryphantha sheeri var. robustispina): does pollen flow limit abundance of this endangered species? ...

... Mexico, it is replaced by Cylindropuntia imbricata, whose flowers are more ... Rare Plant Field Guide. Benson, L. 1982. Cacti of the United States ... ...

Tucson and Sycamore Canyon is quite scenic (see "Getting There"). Along I-19 there are lots of saguaros (Sotol), and Echinocereus rigidissimus, the only cactus intermingling with the coryphantha. A stone

The 30 smallest seedlings of Ferocactus acanthodes (Lem.) Britton and Rose (Cactaceae) at a canyon site in the northwestern Sonoran desert averaged 2.5 cm in height. Based on field studies of CO/sub 2/ exchange throughout the year, the estimated time of their germination was late summer 1976. To explan why so little establishment occurred in recent years, the length of lethal ...

... engelmannii spp engelmannii, Escobaria vivipara variety deserti, Corynopuntia pulchella, Yucca brevifolia, a red-flowered Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja sp), and Sagebrush (Artemisia sp). In May flower, .....

... of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Second intermediate hosts Poecilia vivipara (new ... Steindachner, P. petenensis (Günther), P. velifera (Regan), Poeciliopsis ... ...

... et al., 1992, 1994; Vitt and Breitenbach, 1993), Elgaria coerulea (Fitch, 1985), Lacerta vivipara (Heulin et al., 1994, ... ...

deserticola Sceloporus graciosus graciosus Uta stanshuriana stansburiana Common name prairie falcon southern

... CrossRef, CSAJackson, M. L. 1958. Soil chemical analysis. Constable, London, UK. Jordan, W. P. and P. S. Nobel. 1981. Seedling establishment of Ferocactus acanthodes in ... ...

... Andrew Wilson had found reference to a Ferocactus matching my description and photographs: F. cylindraceus (acanthodes) ssp tortulispinus. When Andrew and I went back to see these unusual plants, their ide...

Lacerta vivipara 20 YES (45) Prenatal and postnatal effects 21 YES (16) YES (36) R Sceloporus occidentalis, Uta stansburiana (Doughty et al., 1994), Lacerta agilis (Olsson et al., 1996) and Sceloporus occidentalis. Although signi�cant, the male- biased dispersal is slight for three species (L. vivipara, S

The goal is to remove the endangered Sneed pincushion cactus and the threatened Lee pincushion cactus from the federal list of threatened and endangered species by managing their essential habitat to sustain natural populations in the wild. The criteria f...

... the cacti. The Standard, 9 Mar 2006. Pima Pineapple Cactus Hoping for Reprieve Coryphantha scheeri var robustispina ... Extinct CactusNew Cactus ConfirmedAnother Cactus Unwelcome in AfricaPima Pineapple ...

Goal: To remove the Nellie cory cactus from the Federal list of Endangered and threatened species by managing the essential habitat to sustain natural populations in the wild. Recovery Criteria: The criteria for downlisting and/or delisting the Nellie cor...

... 4.3 it is falsely stated that Britton & Rose gave up the name Cactus because it also included Melocactus. The true story is more complicated: Britton & Rose sensibly used the generic name Cactus instead of...

The Cochise pincushion cactus is listed as threatened. It is found on several limestone hills in the San Bernardino Valley of Cochise county, Arizona, and extreme northern Sonora, Mexico. The species is found only on the bedrock and stony soils of the Per...

Patterns of haemogregarine load, aggregation, and prevalence as a function of host age in the lizard Lacerta vivipara were investigated. These parameters may provide evidence for the potential effect of parasites on host survival. The predictions of theoretical models concerning the shape of parasite load, parasite aggregation, and parasite prevalence across host age were used ...

Three species of cacti survived an average stem water loss of 81%. Fractional water loss was greater from water-storage tissue than from the chlorenchyma, as documented at the cellular level by determining changes in cell volume and at the tissue level by determining relative water content of chlorenchyma and storage tissues. For Carnegiea gigantea and Ferocactus acanthodes, ...

... parturition. For 90% of the females captured in summer, the average time spent in captivity was 25 d (range 20� ... individuals that come into contact for the first time, as they reduce the costs of escala...

... and their juice extracted, fermented, and distilled into alcoholic beverages); traditional medicines (juice of cooked leaves and ... hard fibers, for food, and for making distilled alcoholic beverages (Ga...

... hosts Phalloptychus januarius (new host record), Poecilia catemaconis, Poecilia mexicana, P. mollienisicola, P. vivipara (new host record) (Poeciliidae), ... ...

Festuca arundinacea Festuca durviscula Festuca elatior Festuca idahoensis Festuca ovina Festuca pratense Festuca rupicola Festuca vivipara Hordeum vulgare Lolium boucheanum Lolium multiflorum Lolium perenne

This document is the published result, conclusion, or progress report of research performed by the staff of the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science ... ...

I investigated longitudinal measures of haemogregarine load in the host lizard Lacerta vivipara over 2 yr (1992-1993). Lizards with heavy parasite infections in 1992 were still suffering from heavy parasite infections in 1993. Such data show that lizards have limited ability to recover from high levels of haemogregarine infection. Modifications of host behavior and of ...

From 1967--1978 observations were made on the presence of the small equine pinworm, Probstmayria vivipara, in seven experimental ponies. The life cycle of this nematode is unusual in that it is endogenous with development of all stages occurring within the host's digestive tract. Initially, worms were found in the feces of four of seven ponies following treatment with ...

Soil conditions were evaluated over the rooting depths for Agave deserti and Ferocactus acanthodes from the northwestern Sonoran Desert. These succulents have mean root depths of only 10 cm when adults and even shallower distribution when seedlings, which often occur is association with the nurse plant Hilaria rigida, which also has shallow roots. Maximum soil temperatures in ...

Pseudovivipary is an environmentally induced flowering abnormality in which vegetative shoots replace seminiferous (sexual) inflorescences. Pseudovivipary is usually retained in transplantation experiments, indicating that the trait is not solely induced by the growing environment. Pseudovivipary is the defining characteristic of Festuca vivipara, and arguably the only feature ...

Tail autotomy in lizards is an adaptive strategy that has evolved to reduce the risk of predation. Since tail loss reduces body mass and moving ability-which in turn are expected to influence thermal balance-there is potential for a trade-off between tail autotomy and thermoregulation. To test this hypothesis, we studied a common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) population at high ...

Tail autotomy in lizards is an adaptive strategy that has evolved to reduce the risk of predation. Since tail loss reduces body mass and moving ability�which in turn are expected to influence thermal balance�there is potential for a trade-off between tail autotomy and thermoregulation. To test this hypothesis, we studied a common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) population at ...

Longitudinal distribution of Mimagoniates microlepis and Hoplias malabaricus was analyzed in a coastal stream system in Southeast Brazil. Six sites were sampled by electrofishing in seven months, from July 94 to July 95. Densities of M. microlepis, and H. malabaricus and its prey (Poecilia vivipara, Deuterodon sp. and Astyanax janeiroensis) were estimated by the Zippin method; ...

.) Corydalis aurea Willd. (Fumar.) COAU A FORB PC SP C3 NAT CJ 670 S&W-2804 Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm Dithyrea Wislizenii Engelm. (Cruc.) DIWI B FORB BF SP C3 NAT CJ 706 S-2218 Spectacle pod Draba cuneifolia

.S. Hitchc. P2125 Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins B168, P2225 Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.* P1758 Thlaspi arvense L.* P1756 CACTACEAE Escobaria missouriensis (Sweet) D.R. Hunt P1924, L129 [Coryphantha, M346, T588 Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. P1966, M212 Trifolium arvense L.* P2191 Trifolium

An anatomical investigation of the culm of pseudoviviparous alpine meadow grass (Poa alpina var. vivipara L.) revealed that transpiration flow, as delimited by Lucifer Yellow tracer dye, was maintained despite advanced senescence (as evidenced by loss of chlorophyll and chloroplasts), with leafy spikelets driving transpiration flow. Transpiration flow was not hindered by ...

During the breeding season (April, May) the epididymis of the lizard Lacerta vivipara produces voluminous secretory granules which are abundantly discharged into the lumen of the duct where they mingle with spermatozoa. The mode of secretion appears quite unusual with respect to the method by which the cells discharge their products, the granules coming out of the cells like ...

Female mate choice and female multiple mating are major focuses of studies on sexual selection. In a multiple mating context, the benefits of mate choice can change along successive matings, and female choice would be expected to change accordingly. We investigated sequential female mate choice in the moderately polyandrous common lizard (Zootoca vivipara, synonym Lacerta ...

Raising the day/night air temperatures from 30/sup 0/C/20/sup 0/C to 50/sup 0/C/40/sup 0/C increases the high temperature tolerated by Agave deserti, Carnegiea gigantea, and Ferocactus acanthodes by 6/sup 0/C to 8/sup 0/C; the increase is about half completed in 3 days and fully completed in 10 days. A 25 to 27 kilodalton protein concomitantly accumulates for all three desert ...

Agave deserti, Ferocactus acanthodes, and Opuntia ficus-indica were maintained in environmental growth chambers under a constant total daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for 1 yr to investigate the effects of photoperiod on growth of these Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species. As the photoperiod was increased from 6 h to 18 h, growth increased 33% for A. ...

the Central Alps of East Tyrol, Salzburg and Carinthia. Carex atrofusca ist new for East Tyrol, Festuca bellidifolia, A. stellulata, Carex bicolor, C. firma, Doronicum grandiflorum, Festuca alpina, F. intercedens, F. pulchella, F. vivipara, Gnaphalium hoppeanum, Minuartia rupestris, Poa cenisia, P. hybrida and Saxifraga

chemoreceptive responses to prey in the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. Evolution 35:489-509. . 1987. Genetic in twoprevious stud- ies of squamate reptiles (the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis and thefence liz- ard of two species of garter snake (Thamnophis: Garland 1988, 19946; Brodie 1989, 1993; Brodie and Garland

. leschenaultii ulei Juncus acutus Nodulosae . . . cooperi Thyrsanochlamydeae arcuata var. unalaschkensis (Amphi- scirpus nevadensis, Bulbostylis funkii, Eleocharis vivipara, Fuirena simplex, Schoenoplectus acutus var. occidentalis, and Scleria reticularis). The percent sequence divergence of Junca- ceae ITS

, calcareous soils Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.(seeds, silicles) 1 1 disturbed soils, dry, open Saxifragaceae cf. canescens, Anemone patens var. multifida, Bistorta vivipara, Draba). These paleoecological data, Drepanocladus aduncus var. kneifii, Encalypta procera, Climacium dendroides, Meesia uliginosa and Philonotis

Starch gel electrophoresis revealed that the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-2) locus was polymorphic in two populations (from Agua Caliente, California and the Grand Canyon, Arizona) of cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis that utilize barrel cactus (Ferocactus acanthodes) as a host plant. Electromorphs representing products of a slow (S) and a fast (F) allele were found in adult ...

The study was carried out in extensive farmland area near the town of Odolan�w, Poland. During two breeding seasons (April-May, 2006-2007) lizards were counted on transect routes and captured by hand or by noosing. In total, 123 specimens of L. agilis and 153 specimens of Z. vivipara were captured. The proportion of males to females wasn't differed from the theoretical 1:1 ...

The population consequences of sexual conflict are relatively unexplored. In a recent paper, Le Galliard et al. now show that males of the common lizard Lacerta vivipara cause such damage to females that male-biased populations decrease in size, posing a real risk to the persistence of local lizard populations. Their study reveals surprising parallels between sexual conflict ...

Eleocharis vivipara Link, a freshwater amphibious leafless plant belonging to the Cyperaceae can grow in both terrestrial and submersed aquatic conditions. Two forms of E. vivipara obtained from these contrasting environments were examined for the characteristics associated with C₄ and C₃ photosynthesis. In the ...

Eleocharis vivipara Link, a freshwater amphibious leafless plant belonging to the Cyperaceae can grow in both terrestrial and submersed aquatic conditions. Two forms of E. vivipara obtained from these contrasting environments were examined for the characteristics associated with C{sub 4} and C{sub 3} photosynthesis. In the terrestrial form, the culms, ...

This is the first effort to investigate the candidate genes involved in kranz developmental regulation and C(4) metabolic fluxes in Eleocharis vivipara, which is a leafless freshwater amphibious plant and possesses a distinct culms anatomy structure and photosynthetic pattern in contrasting environments. A terrestrial specific SSH library was constructed to investigate the ...

The swimming behavior of Poecilia vivipara was evaluated using an image analysis system comparing laboratory-reared uninfected fish before and after experimental infection with different intensities of cercariae of the trematode Acanthocollaritrema umbilicatum. Two experiments were performed, each with 30 fish which were individually exposed to 30 and 50 cercariae, ...

The influences of various diurnal stomatal opening patterns, spines, and ribs on the stem surface temperature and water economy of a CAM succulent, the barrel cactus Ferocactus acanthodes, were examined using an energy budget model. To incorporate energy exchanges by shortwave and longwave irradiation, latent heat, conduction, and convection as well as the heat storage in the ...

The influences of various diurnal stomatal opening patterns, spines, and ribs on the stem surface temperature and water economy of a CAM succulent, the barrel cactus Ferocactus acanthodes, were examined using an energy budget model. To incorporate energy exchanges by shortwave and longwave irradiation, latent heat, conduction, and convection as well as the heat storage in the ...

The influences of various diurnal stomatal opening patterns, spines, and ribs on the stem surface temperature and water economy of a CAM succulent, the barrel cactus Ferocactus acanthodes, were examined using an energy budget model. To incorporate energy exchanges by shortwave and longwave irradiation, latent heat, conduction, and convection as well as the heat storage in the ...

Modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) emerged in the early Palaeozoic era, but this event remains unclear owing to a scant early fossil record. The exclusively Palaeozoic 'acanthodians' are possibly the earliest gnathostome group and exhibit a mosaic of shark- and bony fish-like characters that has long given them prominence in discussions of early gnathostome evolution. Their relationships with ...

In three populations of Ferocactus acanthodes and two of Carnegiea gigantea, multiple discrete peaks in the height distribution were observed, suggesting that seedling establishment was intermittent. To identify periods of establishment, we determined the relationship between stem height and age for each site, based on observed growth rates in the field, gas-exchange data, and ...

The genus Longibucca Chitwood, 1933 (Nematoda: Rhabditoidea) is reviewed based on examination of museum and adult specimens collected from 4 species of bats (Myotis lucifugus, Myotis ciliolabrum, Eptesicus fuscus, and Lasionycteris noctivagans) in Alberta, Canada. Two species are considered valid, namely Longibucca vivipara Chitwood, 1933, and Longibucca lasiura McIntosh and ...

A dose of mu C per gram body weight of S/sup 35/-labeled methionine was administered interperitoneally to 18 grown lizards. The material was fixed at 2, 6 and 24 hours, and at Autoradiographs were taken, and sections were stained with various dyestuffs. The autoradiographs show a falling gradient in the distribution of S/sup 35/-labeled methionine from the basal layer to the upper ...

Pseudovivipary is an asexual reproductive strategy exhibited by some arctic/alpine grasses in which leafy plantlets are produced in place of seeds, with genetic conservation an advantage for stress tolerators in these nutrient-poor habitats. Photosynthetic metabolism and the development of this reproductive system were investigated under varying nutrient availability and predicted future CO(2) ...

Recent studies indicate that directional female mate choice and order-dependent female mate choice importantly contribute to non-random mating patterns. In species where females prefer larger sized males, disentangling different hypotheses leading to non-random mating patterns is especially difficult, given that male size usually correlates with behaviours that may lead to non-random mating (e.g. ...

The eggshell of oviparous lizards is a significant source of calcium for embryos, whereas the eggshell of viviparous lizards, when present, contains little calcium. In view of the potential cost to embryonic nutrition occasioned by the loss of eggshell calcium, the large number of independent origins of viviparity among lizards is surprising. Concomitant evolution of viviparity and calcium ...

The crystal structure of a ?-prism II (BP2) fold lectin from Remusatia vivipara, a plant of traditional medicinal value, has been determined at a resolution of 2.4 �. This lectin (RVL) is a dimer with each protomer having two distinct BP2 domains without a linker between them. It belongs to the 'monocot mannose-binding' lectin family, which consists of proteins of high ...

Embryos of oviparous squamate reptiles typically obtain calcium from both yolk and eggshell but differ from other oviparous amniotes (turtles, birds and crocodilians) because they are heavily dependent on calcium-rich yolk. Eggs of viviparous squamates lack calcareous eggshells, and embryos receive calcium solely from yolk or from both yolk and placenta. The pattern of calcium mobilization by ...

This paper presents paleoecological analyses of 48 fossil arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii) middens (nests and caches) recovered from ice-rich loess sediments in the Klondike region of west-central Yukon Territory. AMS radiocarbon dates and stratigraphic association of middens with Dawson tephra (�25 300 14C yr BP), indicate these paleoecological data reflect the onset of glacial ...

The variations of interrenal activity were investigated in captive female Lacerta vivipara submitted to artificial hibernation (4 months at 6 degrees) and compared to data obtained in nonhibernating females. Plasma corticosterone levels reached 25 ng/ml during the prehibernal period. During the first day following the transfer to cold conditions, an initial significant peak of ...

The hormonal requirements for the regulation of Lv132 mRNA coding for two proteins secreted by the principal cells of the lizard epididymis were examined by organotypic culture experiments. Testosterone, R1881 and corticosterone induced accumulation of Lv132 mRNA in explants from lizards castrated immediately after differentiation of the principal cells. The induction by testosterone was inhibited ...

Several recent studies have explored various aspects of animal personality and their ecological consequences. However, the processes responsible for the maintenance of personality variability within a population are still largely unknown. We have recently demonstrated that social personality traits exist in the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) and that the variation in ...

This article documents the addition of 238 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alytes dickhilleni, Arapaima gigas, Austropotamobius italicus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Cobitis lutheri, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Glossina morsitans morsitans, Haplophilus subterraneus, Kirengeshoma palmata, Lysimachia japonica, ...

Despite considerable attention that other groups of reptiles have received, few descriptions of the development and sequences of chondrification and ossification of the entire skeleton of turtles exist. Herein, the adult skeleton of the spiny softshell turtle, Apalone spinifera (Testudines: Trionychidae), is described; this description forms a basis of comparison for the embryonic skeleton and its ...

Mate choice with regard to genetic similarity has been rarely considered as a dynamic process. We examined this possibility in breeding populations of the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) kept for several years in semi-natural conditions. We investigated whether they displayed a pattern of mate choice according to the genetic similarity and whether it was context-dependent. ...

Species in which males do not contribute to reproduction beyond the provision of sperm offer good opportunities to study the potential genetic benefits that females can obtain from polyandry. Here, we report the results of a study examining the relationships between polyandry and components of female fitness in the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara). We found that polyandrous ...

Sexually transmitted diseases have often been suggested as a potential cost of multiple mating and as playing a major role in the evolution of mating systems. Yet there is little empirical data relating mating strategies to sexually transmitted microorganisms in wild populations. We investigated whether mating behaviour influences the diversity and composition of cloacal assemblages by comparing ...

Under chronic stress, carotenoid-based colouration has often been shown to fade. However, the ecological and physiological mechanisms that govern colouration still remain largely unknown. Colour changes may be directly induced by the stressor (for example through reduced carotenoid intake) or due to the activation of the physiological stress response (PSR, e.g. due to increased blood ...

BackgroundThe remarkable mutualistic associations between termites and protists are in large part responsible for the evolutionary success of these eusocial insects. It is unknown when this symbiosis was first established, but the present study shows that fossil termite protists existed in the Mesozoic.ResultsA new species of termite (Kalotermes burmensis n. sp.) in Early Cretaceous Burmese amber ...

Skrjabinelazia Sypliaxov, 1930 comprises 10 species distinguished by several characters typical of the genus including, among the most important, the presence/absence of spicules, cuticle ornamentation and vesicles, head-shape, the presence/absence of a leaflet crown in the buccal cavity, female tail-shape and male cone-shape. The three samples studied are new species: S. boomkeri n. sp., a ...

In many litter-bearing mammals and in a few viviparous reptiles the sex ratio of the entire brood or the sex of the adjacent fetuses induces sex-specific differences in the hatchling's phenotype. This study examines whether the sex of incubation neighbours affects hatchling characteristics in oviparous common lizards (Lacerta vivipara). Oviparous common lizards lay eggs with ...

Several types of receptor endings were identified with scanning electron microscopy and silver-impregnation techniques in the skin of the tentacles, lips, dorsal surface of the head and mouth region of the pond snails Lymnaea stagnalis and Vivipara viviparus. Sensory endings at the tips of dendrites of primary receptor neurones, scattered below the epithelium, differ in ...

Abstract The consequences of within-cohort (i.e., among-individual) variation for population dynamics are poorly understood, in particular for the case where life history is density dependent. We develop a physiologically structured population model that incorporates individual variation among and within cohorts and allows us to explore the intertwined relationship between individual life history ...

Hormones are an important interface between genome and environment, because of their ability to modulate the animal's phenotype. In particular, corticosterone, the stress hormone in lizards, is known to reallocate energy from non-essential functions to affect morphological, physiological and behavioral traits that help the organism to deal with acute or chronic stressors. However, the effects of ...

Mating is crucial for females that reproduce exclusively sexually and should influence their investment into reproduction. Although reproductive adjustments in response to mate quality have been tested in a wide range of species, the effect of exposure to males and mating per se has seldom been studied. Compensatory mechanisms against the absence of mating may evolve more frequently in viviparous ...

Detailed studies of the mechanisms driving life history effects of food availability are of prime importance to understand the evolution of phenotypic plasticity and the capacity of organisms to produce better adapted phenotypes. Food availability may influence life history trajectories through three nonexclusive mechanisms: (i) immediate and long-lasting effects on individual quality, and ...

In this methodological study, we compare 454 sequencing and a conventional cloning and Sanger sequencing approach in their ability to characterize fungal communities PCR amplified from four root systems of the ectomycorrhizal plant Bistorta vivipara. To examine variation introduced by stochastic processes during the laboratory work, we replicated all analyses using two ...

The general prevalence and population composition of gastrointestinal and pulmonary helminths of working donkeys were studied. For the purpose 2935 working donkeys were coprologically examined for nematode and cestode, and 215 donkeys for trematode infections. Seven donkeys that died due to various health problems or were euthanased on a welfare ground were necropsied and the parasites were ...

The potential contribution of vertebrate-mediated seed rain to the maintenance of plant community richness in a High Arctic ecosystem was investigated. We analyzed viable seed content in dung of the four numerically most important terrestrial vertebrates in Northeast Greenland - muskox (Ovibos moschatus), barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis), Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and Arctic hare (Lepus ...

Chloroplasts of many alpine plants have the ability to form marked, stroma-filled protrusions that do not contain thylakoids. Effects of temperature and light intensity on the frequency of chloroplasts with such protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of nine different alpine plant species (Carex curvula All., Leontodon helveticus Merat., Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill., Poa alpina L. ssp. ...

Food availability is a major environmental factor that can influence life history within and across generations through direct effects on individual quality and indirect effects on the intensity of intra- and intercohort competition. Here, we investigated in yearling and adult common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) the immediate and delayed life-history effects of a prolonged food ...

Data on the relative sequence of ossification of postcranial elements for eight therian mammals (Myotis lucifugus, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Mesocricetus auratus, Cavia porcellus, Didelphis albiventris, and Sminthopsis macroura) and three outgroups (Chelydra serpentina, Alligator mississippiensis, and Lacerta vivipara) were taken from the literature. For ...

The cytology of leaf cells from five different high-alpine plants was studied and compared with structures in chloroplasts from the typical high-alpine plant Ranunculus glacialis previously described as having frequent envelope plus stroma protrusions. The plants under investigation ranged from subalpine/alpine Geum montanum through alpine Geum reptans, Poa alpina var. ...

Our understanding of positive and negative plant interactions is primarily based on vascular plants, as is the prediction that facilitative effects dominate in harsh environments. It remains unclear whether this understanding is also applicable to moss-vascular plant interactions, which are likely to be influential in low-temperature environments with extensive moss ground cover such as boreal ...

Many biotypes of the northern-hemisphere Arctic-Alpine grass Poa alpina L. reproduce asexually via prolification of the spikelet axis to produce dehiscing shoots. Although capable of photosynthesis, the source-sink characteristics of these synflorescence systems are unknown, including the degree to which plantlets from different regions of the synflorescence are capable of providing for their own ...

Both point- and nonpoint-sources of pollution have contributed to increased inorganic nitrogen concentrations in freshwater ecosystems. Although numerous studies have investigated the toxic effects of ammonia on freshwater species, relatively little work has been performed to characterize the acute toxicity of the other two common inorganic nitrogen species: nitrate and nitrite. In particular, to ...