Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) uses InlA to invade the tips of the intestinal villi, a location at which cell extrusion generates a transient defect in epithelial polarity that exposes the receptor for InlA, E-cadherin, on the cell surface. As the dying cell is removed from the epithelium, the surrounding cells reorganize to form a multicellular junction (MCJ) that Lm exploits to ...

and resulting in deficient intestinal absorption of calcium. ..... biomarkers of bone resorption), gradual decreases in intestinal calcium absorption, minor ...

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) invades the host intestine using listerial invasion proteins, internalins. The in vivo role of internalin A (InlA) and internalin B (InlB) is reported here. Intragastric (i.g.) administration and ligated loop assays with ?inlB-Lm demonstrated that a lack of InlB significantly attenuates the invasive ability ...

... acceleration, the content of histamine increases in the mucous membrane of the intestine, and decreases considerably in the lungs and tissues of ...

In very-low-birth weight (VLBW, <1500 gram) infants, late-onset neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis prolong the hospital stay, increase the cost of care, and place the infant at greater risk for morbidity and mortality (1). Long-term follow-up studies have demonstrated that these infections significantly increase the risk of neurological disabilities (2). With incidences of ~20% and ...

Barriers to rapid invasions. Corridors that may accelerate invasions. .... Green : 13 Landsat images covering the Colorado River ...

The results of a postmortem examination of 38 monkeys (Macacus rhesus) are given, in seven of which changes in the large intestine were caused by Oesophagostomum apiostomum larvae. The invasion of the larvae into the intestine wall causes a considerable i...

C57BL/6J mice carrying the Min allele of Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) develop numerous adenomas along the entire length of the intestine and consequently die at an early age. This short lifespan would prevent the accumulation of somatic genetic mutations or epigenetic alterations necessary for tumor progression. To overcome this limitation, we generated F1 ...

Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Epithelial cell invasion is thought to be essential for Campylobacter spp. infection. Previous invasion studies with intestinal epithelial cells revealed that the ability of different Campylobacter jejuni isolates to inva...

The rate at which plant invasions occur is accelerating globally, and a growing amount of recent research uses genetic analysis of invasive plant populations to better understand the histories, processes and effects of plant invasions. The goal of this review is to provide natural resource managers ...

... suggest that managers could dedicate 50% of their management time to monitoring without risk of accelerating invasions or ... that the strategy of using half of the management time for monitoring was not ...

Barriers to rapid invasions. Corridors that may accelerate invasions. Economic and environmental risk ... Green: Amplitude. Blue: Phase Shift. Analysis by: ...

Experimental shigella infection in rabbit was carried out successfully by new technic and reproducible pathological change was observed. In this system, however no invasiveness of shigella into the tissue was recognized. This finding was supported by bloc...

such as arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cancer cell invasion, and apoptosis.1 Many low Alkaline Phosphatase, from rabbit intestine. Lane 3: Type IV Alkaline Phosphatase, from porcine intestinal

Biological invasions have substantial ecological and economic impacts. Classic approaches to modeling biological invasions predict "traveling waves" with invasion fronts of constant velocity that are determined by an organism's reproductive capacity and its dispersal ability. These approaches are ba...

... developed to perform sensitive and self- onsistent absorption and scattering ... include the brain, heart, kidney, muscle and intestinal/hepatic systems. ...

... to, Invasion into, Translocation across, and Exocytosis from Polarized Human Intestinal ... in the development of live biotherapeutic products for clinical use. ...

... the immune cell infiltrate surrounding invasive larval parasites in the small intestinal muscosa and submucosa (host:parasite interface) during early ...

a positive feedback that can facilitate their continued invasion. Fire-sensitive plants may successfully for the observed lag-time in many exotic plant invasions, because they promote an accelerating rate of invasion, at higher densities, the invasive plant may reduce the intensity or the ...

Over the past decades evidence has been accumulating that intestinal barrier integrity loss plays a key role in the development and perpetuation of a variety of disease states including inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, and is a key player in the onset of sepsis and multiple organ failure in situations of intestinal hypoperfusion, including ...

It was established that antigens of diphyllobothriids entered the organisms of nestlings of gulls (Larus fuscus) and terns (Sterna hirundo) through the intestine. In terns, the most intensive neutralization of parasite antigens was found in the intestine inducing a weak response of the immune system. In gulls, there was no complete neutralization of the ...

Twelve Aeromonas strains were tested for virulence by using the removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea model. Mortality was 50% or greater for 7 of 12 strains; 23 of 37 rabbits that died developed diarrhea before death, and 11 of 27 surviving rabb...

The involvement of the lectin/carbohydrate interaction in the invasion of the turbot intestinal epithelium by Enteromyxum scophthalmi was studied in vitro using explants of turbot intestine and pre-treatment of parasite stages with the plant lectins of Canavalia ensiformis (Con A) and Glycine max (SBA). Both lectins inhibited the ...

The authors described the clonorchiasis focus in the Vietnam province at the seaside delta of the Red River where the aforementioned invasion was accompanied with multiple invasions with intestinal nematodes. Clonorchiasis infestation rate was 28.4% ascaridiasis, 50.5%, trichocephaliasis, 21.3% ancylostomiasis, 7.0%. Clonorchiasis ...

The purpose of this investigation was to study the host specific infection of Salmonella Gallinarum in chickens and to determine the contribution of intestinal invasion and macrophage survival in relation to systemic infection in the host. This was carried out by comparing the kinetics of infection of S. Gallinarum to that of other Salmonella host-adapted ...

Twelve Aeromonas strains were tested for virulence by using the removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea model. Mortality was 50% or greater for 7 of 12 strains; 23 of 37 rabbits that died developed diarrhea before death, and 11 of 27 surviving rabbits developed diarrhea. Aeromonas bacteremia was detected in 36 of 37 (97%) animals that died, but only in 2 of 27 (7%) ...

Zebrafish meltdown (mlt) mutants develop cystic expansion of the posterior intestine as a result of stromal invasion of nontransformed epithelial cells. Positional cloning identified zebrafish smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (myh11) as the responsible gene. The mlt mutation constitutively activates the Myh11 ATPase, which disrupts smooth muscle cells ...

Some interrelationships among age, ambient temperature, intestinal transit, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection were studied in an infant mouse model. The transit of dye in the small intestine was accelerated during the response to heat-stable E. coli enterotoxin. Transit in the small intestine of normal ...

The effects of partial-body, single-dose, x-irradiation on the cell kinetics of the mouse small intestine have been intensively studied. Irradiation of the intestinal region with the anterior part of the mouse shielded prodnced changes in the epithelial cells of the small intestine that were similar in character to that ...

... not withstand Bonferroni correction, the number of significant tests clearly ... accelerated development from metamorphosis to adulthood (Fig. 5). Across ... ...

Enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes systemic bacteremia and meningitis with high mortality, and powdered infant formula is a frequent source of this bacterium. However, the mechanisms that this organism uses to invade and translocate through the intestinal barrier are unknown. Using Caco-2 epithelial cells, we were able to demonstrate penetration of ...

Campylobacters are susceptible to environmental conditions such as starvation, temperature, and oxidative stress. Species such as Campylobacter jejuni have developed a number of mechanisms for responding to these conditions. We conducted a study to investigate whether survival of C. jejuni and pathogen-host cell interactions such as adherence, invasiveness, and intraepithelial ...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prokinetic effects of mosapride with non-invasive assessment of myoelectrical activity in the small intestine and caecum of healthy horses after jejunocaecostomy. Six horses underwent celiotomy and jejunocaecostomy, and were treated with mosapride (treated group) at 1.5 mg/kg per osos once daily for 5 ...

... are involved in both sporadic (10) and familial colon cancer (familial adenomatous polyposis, FAP) (11, 12). Individuals carrying ... Kinzler. Activation of beta-catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by m...

The intestinal mucosa is responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the lumen and for the separation of the potentially toxic luminal content (external environment) from the host (internal environment). Disruption of this delicate balance at the mucosal interface is the basis for numerous (intestinal) diseases. Experimental animal studies have shown ...

In guinea pigs preconditioned by starvation and opium, peroral administration of S. typhimurium results in acute diffuse enteritis. In the ileum bacteria begin to invade at 12 hours causing focal disruption and degeneration of microvilli and terminal web,...

A waaF mutant of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 showed decreased invasion of INT407 cells in vitro and increased sensitivity to some antibiotics compared to what was seen with the wild-type strain.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is only rarely seen in conjunction with primary ovarian tumors. It has been suggested that only ruptured mucinous tumors arising in ovarian mature cystic teratomas can result in this clinical picture. We describe a case of a late invasive recurrence of a mucinous intestinal-type borderline ovarian tumor arising from a mature teratoma ...

The exteriorized ileum and jejunum of maie Holtzman rats were x irradiated with doses from 1000 to 2500 r. The superior mesenteric artery and vein were clamped during radiation exposure in about haif of the irradiated animals. Thirty-day survival and appearance of intestinal tumors in the 12 months post-irradiation were noted. Per cent survival at 30 days was ...

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) genes are indispensable for virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium in several animal species. The role of SPI-1 in the pathogenesis of Salmonella Typhimurium infections of pigs, however, is not well described. The interactions of a porcine Salmonella Typhimurium field strain and its isogenic mutants with disruptions in the SPI-1 genes hilA, sipA and sipB with ...

Stress which induces an increase in the gram-negative bacterial count of the upper intestinal tract can be associated with extra-intestinal invasion of gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test and standard micr...

Perforated sigmoid diverticulitis often results in the patient undergoing a sigmoid resection, closure of the rectal stump, and an end sigmoid colostomy. To reestablish intestinal continuity, the patient must undergo a second major intra-abdominal operation. We have developed a technique of laparoscopic colostomy closure to reestablish intestinal ...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is major gut disease in preterm newborns. Intestinal ischemia may be an early contributing factor that precipitates NEC. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method of measuring local tissue oxygen saturation and indicator of blood flow. Our aim was t...

Members of the genus Aeromonas inhabit various aquatic environments and are responsible for, and are implicated in, a number of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans as well as other animals. This review focuses on invasive human infection and disease and summarizes available findings regarding the microbiology and ...

BackgroundCampylobacter enteritis represents a risk factor for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via unknown mechanisms. As IBD patients exhibit inflammatory responses to their commensal intestinal microflora, factors that induce translocation of commensal bacteria across the intestinal epithelium may contribute to IBD pathogenesis. This ...

The search for efficacious, minimally invasive neurosurgical treatment has led to the development of the operating microscope, endovascular treatment, and endoscopic surgery. One of the most minimally invasive and exciting discoveries is the use of targeted, high-dose radiation for neurosurgical disorders. Radiosurgery is truly minimally ...

K-ras (KRAS) is mutated in 40-50% of human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas and plays key roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility and differentiation, but its functional contribution to intestinal tumourigenesis in�vivo remains incompletely understood. We have previously crossed K-rasVal12 transgenic mice with Ah-Cre mice to produce K-rasVal12/Cre offspring that ...

It is well known that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activates fibrinolysis of tumor cells and accelerates their metastasis and invasion. Human adenosquamous cell line, AOI cells, were stimulated to produce and accumulate of uPA by radiation. In AOI cells, there was relationship between uPA production and accumulation and the radiation doses. ...

Chemical compounds foreign to mammalian liver stimulate the hepatic microsomal system to increased, but nonspecific, enzymatic activity. The stimulatory effect on liver enzymes being non-specific, increased hepatic activity results also in an accelerated ...

Increased absorption and excretion of iron were observed in AcPh-treated animals. Enhanced absorption was related to a decrease in the iron content of intestinal epithelial cells and an accelerated plasma iron turnover. Increased excretion of iron from Ac...

... 0.2% FCS, respectively, were used. To determine growth stimulation ratios, the optical density of BrdU-incorporated cells ... of Steroid Hormones in In Vitro Assessment of Growth Stimulation in IEC-6 Cell...

Many infections start with microbial invasion of mucosal surfaces, which are typically colonized by a community of resident microbes. A growing body of literature demonstrates that the resident microbiota plays a significant role in host susceptibility to pathogens. Recent work has largely focused on the considerable effect that the intestinal microbiota ...

In order to measure the important physiological parameters such as temperature, pressure and pH value, we developed a miniature, high precision, non-invasive and multi-sensor radiotelemetry system. The system comprises multi-sensor radiotelemetry capsule, data logger, location device and workstation. The radiotelemetry capsule can monitor the pH, pressure and temperature of ...

This book discusses the diagnostic techniques of nondestructive type for monitoring the physiology of various organ systems. The topics covered are: non-invasive assessment of gastric activity; uterine activity, intestinal activity; monitoring of fetal cardiovascular system and bilirubin physiology of infants. Respiratory system of infants is monitored ...

Adherent-invasive Escherichia colistrains are increasingly being associated with intestinal pathologies. Here we present the genome sequence of E. coliHM605, a strain isolated from colonic biopsy specimens of a patient with Crohn's disease. PMID:21705601

To explore the potential of exhaled breath analysis by Column Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) as a non invasive and sensitive approach to evaluate mesenteric ischemia in pigs. Domestic pigs (n=3) were anesthetized with Guaifenesin/ Fentanyl/ Ketamine/ Xylazine...

The small intestine of the rat was shielded during total-body irradiation (TBI) to evaluate the effects of radiation dose and length of intestine shielded on survival. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized in groups of 10. Using aseptic surgical procedures 80, 40, 20, or 10 cm, or none of the proximal or distal small intestine were ...

The healing of the intestine is becoming an important objective in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. It is associated with improved disease outcome. Therefore the assessment of this healing both in clinical studies and routine practice is a key issue. Endoscopy for the colon and terminal ileum and computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for the small ...

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of Ipomoea aquatica aqueous and dichloromethane/methanol extracts on the glucose absorption using a rat intestinal preparation in situ. Extracts orally tested at the dose of 160 mg/kg exerted a significant inhibitory effect on glucose absorption when compared with control animals. The most pronounced effect was observed ...

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that actively invades host eukaryotic cells. To identify invasion factors responsible for the intestinal translocation of C. sakazakii, we constructed for the first time outer membrane protein X (OmpX) and A (OmpA) deletion mutants using the lambda Red recombination system. The ompX and ompA deletion ...

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that actively invades host eukaryotic cells. To identify invasion factors responsible for the intestinal translocation of C. sakazakii, we constructed for the first time outer membrane protein X (OmpX) and A (OmpA) deletion mutants using the lambda Red recombination system. The ompX and ompA deletion ...

The prevailing paradigm of Salmonella enteropathogenesis based on monolayers asserts that Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 Type Three Secretion System (SPI-1 T3SS) is required for bacterial invasion into intestinal epithelium. However, little is known about the role of SPI-1 in mediating gastrointestinal disease in humans. Recently, SPI-1 deficient ...

The prevailing paradigm of Salmonella enteropathogenesis based on monolayers asserts that Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 Type Three Secretion System (SPI-1 T3SS) is required for bacterial invasion into intestinal epithelium. However, little is known about the role of SPI-1 in mediating gastrointestinal disease in humans. Recently, SPI-1 deficient ...

Intestinal injury following abdominal radiation therapy or accidental exposure remains a significant clinical problem that can result in varying degrees of mucosal destruction such as ulceration, vascular sclerosis, intestinal wall fibrosis, loss of barrier function, and even lethal gut-derived sepsis. We determined the ability of a high-molecular-weight ...

Intestinal injury following abdominal radiation therapy or accidental exposure remains a significant clinical problem that can result in varying degrees of mucosal destruction such as ulceration, vascular sclerosis, intestinal wall fibrosis, loss of barrier function, and even lethal gut-derived sepsis. We determined the ability of a high-molecular-weight ...

Involvement of intestinal microbes in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis) is well established. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria lead to intestinal injury in IBD remain unclear and are the focus of current research. Using adherent-invasive Escherichia ...

Involvement of intestinal microbes in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis) is well established. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria lead to intestinal injury in IBD remain unclear and are the focus of current research. Using adherent-invasive Escherichia ...

Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity and musculature. The estimated prevalence of endometriosis in Puerto Rico is 4.0%. The exact prevalence of extra-pelvic endometriosis is unknown. It has been reported that affects the intestinal tract in 3-37% of all patients with pelvic endometriosis, with the sigmoid colon and rectum ...

Infants born prematurely have an enhanced intestinal permeability compared to healthy term infants. This enhanced permeability might be a contributing factor in the development of Necrotising Enterocolitis. The assessment of intestinal permeability in premature neonates with sugar absorption tests has been proven to be safe and of minimal burden to the ...

The small intestine has been difficult to examine by traditional endoscopic and radiologic techniques. Within the past 10�years, advances have led to an explosion of technologies that facilitate examination of the entire small intestine. Wireless video capsule endoscopy, deep enteroscopy using balloon-assisted or spiral techniques, computer tomography ...

A complete genomic clone and a full-length cDNA coding for bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase have been isolated and sequenced. The gene (5.4 kb) contains 11 exons separated by ten small introns at positions identical to those other members of the eukaryotic tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase family. In addition, 1.5 kb of upstream sequences contain putative regulatory ...

Major progress for the management of invasive aspergillosis has come from the introduction of new antifungals since the late 1990s. Although mortality of invasive aspergillosis remains as high as 30-50%. Backbone of management are prophylaxis, early diagnosis and early initiation of antifungals for reduction of invasive aspergillosis ...

To infect an animal host, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium must penetrate the intestinal epithelial barrier. This process of invasion requires a type III secretion system encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island I (SPI1). We found that a mutant with deletions of the acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase genes (ackA-pta) was deficient in ...

The small intestine of the rat was shielded during total-body irradiation (TBI) to evaluate the effects of radiation dose and length of intestine shielded on survival. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized in groups of 10. Using aseptic surgical procedures 80, 40, 20, or 10 cm, or none of the proximal or distal small intestine were ...