Normal volunteers, aged 30 to 99 years, were studied with MRI. Age was related to estimated volumes of: gray matter, white matter, and CSF of the cerebrum and cerebellum; gray matter, white matter, white matter abnormality, and CSF within each cerebral lobe; and gray matter of eight subcortical structures. The ...

... CEREBROVASCULAR SYSTEM, *PERFUSION, *NEUROCHEMISTRY, ACCELERATION ... HYDROGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, MODELS ...

Brain edema in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy frequently affects the parietooccipital white matter. Hypertensive encephalopathy is thus included as a differential diagnosis in reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Diffuse white matter involvement rarely occurs. We report a 41-year old woman with hypertensive encephalopathy with ...

... flow and pressure interactions between the ... the abdomen, changes in gravity acceleration, changes ... flux and pressures; Interaction between cerebral ...

A study using radioactive microspheres for the investigation of cerebral blood flow during acceleration is described. Details of a technique for the blunt dissection of cerebral tissues are included. Results of flow studies at 3 and 5 G sub z acceleration...

Vascular risk factors play a critical role in the development of cognitive decline and AD (Alzheimer's disease), during aging, and often result in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. The neurobiological link between hypoperfusion and cognitive decline is not yet defined, but is proposed to involve damage to the brain's white matter. In a newly developed mouse ...

... Descriptors : *BLOOD CIRCULATION, *BLOOD ANALYSIS, BRAIN, PULSE RATE, WOUNDS AND INJURIES, PATHOLOGY, ACCELERATED ...

... spaces of the brain; and "leukomalacia" refers to softening of the white matter of the brain. PVL ...

... pen- hi.g sults have been a significant physiological threat to etrate the cranium and enter the cerebral cortex. Hongo high ...

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity and cranial fluid volume, which is defined as the total volume of

... Abstract : The incidence of cerebral concussion incurred during impact conditions has been shown to be related to the levels of angular ...

... VARIATIONS IN ABSOLUTE VISUAL THRESHOLDS CC DURING ACCELERATION STRESS ... DURING ACCELERATION STRESS William J. White ...

... Title : CARTESIAN VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION FROM RANGE ONLY DATA. Corporate Author : WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE N MEX. ...

In a patient whose Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with congophilic kuru plaques that was proved at necropsy, the early brain CT showed low-density areas in the cerebral white matter before cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement became apparent. Subsequently, there occurred diffuse white matter lucency and severe brain atrophy. At ...

Up to now diffuse white matter demyelination of the cerebrum has been reported in only a few cases of mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). Here we document an autopsy case with this rare neuropathology. Most MELAS cases are diagnosed antemortem by A3243G transition of mitochondrial DNA. While cerebral damage ...

The objective was to single out complex evoked potentials (CEP) in the bioelectrical activity (BA) of the human cerebral cortex which were induced by linear accelerations. Results indicated that with exposure to linear accelerations of the chosen range it...

Accelerated evolution of SIV env within the cerebral compartment in the setting of morphine Morphine Macaque Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have been viral evolution in the cerebral compartment of morphine-dependent and control macaques to determine its

The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare high-spatial-resolution accelerated three-dimensional (3D) T2*-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) images with conventional two-dimensional (2D) T2*-weighted GRE MR images for the depiction of cerebral microbleeds. After obtaining institutional review board approval and ...

The computed tomography (CT) scans in 1.6% of patients with cerebral atrophy showed the additional feature of areas of reduced attenuation in the deep cerebral white matter. Analysis of the clinical data showed a significant association with both hypertension and dementia. Etat cribl� in vascular hypertension is suggested as the ...

The computed tomography (CT) scans in 1.6% of patients with cerebral atrophy showed the additional feature of areas of reduced attenuation in the deep cerebral white matter. Analysis of the clinical data showed a significant association with both hypertension and dementia. Etat cribl� in vascular hypertension is suggested as the ...

... annular epidermal constriction (indicated by the arrow), cerebral ganglia, proboscis and arrangement of the eyes. The distance ... variously pure white to pale yellow. The cerebral ganglia are usually dis...

cause symptoms of concussion, whereas accelerations of the order of -5g may result in massive cerebral hemorrhages and death. Reference 4 further ...

The Bookend technique is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dynamic susceptibility contrast method that provides reliable quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV). The quantification is patient specific, is derived from a steady-state measurement of CBV, and is obtained from T(1) changes in the ...

... p. 38), and, in the same spirit, White (1989), in his review of cortical circuits, raises the notion of "some common, basic plan" of the cerebral cortex. ...

The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at:

culture of consulting herbalists (Chua et al., 2003) and that younger subjects below the age of 18 years

... Grimes, Chronic Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucomycosis. ... White, WL Oculomotor Palsy, Facial Capillary Hemangioma ... Orthopaedic Surgery Service ...

Permanent damage to white matter tracts, comprising axons and myelinating oligodendrocytes, is an important component of brain injuries of the newborn that cause cerebral palsy and cognitive disabilities, as well as multiple sclerosis in adults. However, regulatory factors relevant in human developmental myelin disorders and in myelin regeneration are ...

The value of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and quantitation of the progression of multiple sclerosis is discussed. Magnetic resonance imaging generates images that reflect differential density and velocity of hydrogen nuclei between cerebral gray and white matter, as well as between white matter and pathological ...

Psychological Laboratories. M.I.T.. L. -7. Progress Report, June, 1965) ...... in an orphanage-type nursery environment (White, 1965; White and Castle, 1964; .... Twitchell, T. E. The nature of the gait disorder in infantile cerebral ...

BackgroundCerebral aging is a complex and heterogeneous process that is associated with a high degree of inter-individual variability. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify and quantify non-disease-related aging of the cerebral white matter.MethodsThe present article reviews the findings from several MRI ...

Physical training for increased resistance of mice to radial acceleration and lowered partial oxygen

... northern red oak and white oak were kiln-dried from green ... presteaming, accelerated and smooth schedule, and high-temperature drying below 18 ...

We studied 14 chronic toluene abusers with a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There were 10 men and 4 women, and the mean age was 29 years. Using a blinded global assessment of neuropsychological functioning, we found 3 patients to be normal, 3 in a borderline range, and 8 impaired. Independent analyses of ...

Submicroscopic deletion of the terminal part of the short arm of chromosome 6, including 6p25, leads to developmental retardation, hearing impairment, ocular dysgenesis, and dysmorphic features. We diagnosed 3 patients referred because of white matter abnormalities of unknown origin. MR imaging showed multifocal areas of abnormal signal and enlarged perivascular spaces in the ...

Periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) is a lesion of immature cerebral white matter that occurs in the perinatal period. In man, PVL is the predominant form of brain injury and a cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive deficits in premature infants. PVL affects fetuses and newborns, particularly those who have undergone oxygen deprivation ...

, WI 53792-3252. � American Society of Neuroradiology AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:356�369, March 2004 transpose. AJNR: 25, March 2004 CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER 357 #12;were used to calculate maps of the diffusion directional map.) 358 JELLISON AJNR: 25, March 2004 #12;nated when the tract trajectory reached a voxel with FA

Correlation between the permittivity of white matter and cerebral edema was studied. A time domain reflectometer was used to measure the permittivity changes of canine cerebral white matter due to edema produced in vitro by osmosis over a frequency range of 100 MHz to 1 GHz. For all frequencies, a strong ...

Silent cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) are a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in the elderly. However, in patients with hypertension, WMLs tend to occur earlier in life and appear to be more severe. There is a body of evidence that supports the idea that WMLs in asymptomatic hypertensive patients should be considered a silent ...

A 62 year old woman presented with subacute dementia and hemiparesis which progressed to death with terminal seizures over 5 months. A cerebral biopsy specimen and necropsy showed the features of neoplastic angioendotheliosis which proved to be lymphomatous. Cerebral CT showed multiple low density areas in the white matter with ...

Cerebral palsy refers to a heterogeneous group of congenital and early acquired brain disorders. Children with cerebral palsy and other brain disorders have an increased rate of psychiatric disorder. The pattern of disorder is not particularly distinctive and no specific association has been found. We report two cases of spastic diplegia of prematurity ...

for helping to assess the cognitive and functional impact of disease-related injury to specific white matterQuantitative Tract-of-Interest Metrics for White Matter Integrity Based on Diffusion Tensor MRI diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) tractography-based metrics for assessing group differences cerebral white

The prey capture phase of feeding behavior in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina consists of an explosive extrusion of buccal cones, specialized structures which are used to catch the prey, and acceleration of swimming with frequent turning and looping produced by tail bend. A system of neurons which control different components of prey capture behavior in Clione has been ...

Abstract Possible clinicopathological relationship between vacuolar degeneration of cerebral white matter and clinical manifestation, especially of supranuclear ophthalmoparesis, both infrequent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, was tested. Of 104 ALS sequential series, cases with vacuolar degeneration of the cerebral ...

We developed techniques to assess the utility of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicator for cerebral blood flow studies in cats, using Freon-22 for the first candidate. A PIN-diode-switched NMR experiment allowed the acquisition of an arterial as well as a cerebral fluorine-19 signal proportional to concentration vs. time in a 1.89 T magnet. Mean +/- ...

The authors examined cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation by the sympathetic nerves in 12 newborn lambs during seizures, a potent reflex stimulator of the sympathetic nervous system. CBF was measured with microspheres, and seizures were induced with bicuculline. In six of these lambs, one hemibrain was denervated (D) chronically by interrupting the ipsilateral cervical ...

A quantitative neuropathological necropsy study of 22 control and 22 chronic alcoholic subjects showed a statistically significant loss of brain tissue in the chronic alcoholic group. The loss of tissue appeared to be from the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres rather than the cerebral cortex. This may reflect a primary ...

We describe the cases of 2 patients, a father and his son, with DRPLA who underwent MR examinations prior to death and in whom postmortem examinations of the brain were obtained. MR imaging findings had the following features: 1) atrophy of the cerebellum and brain stem were the common findings, 2) high-signal-intensity lesions in the cerebral white matter ...

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which is a member of matrix metalloproteinases family that normally remodel the extracellular matrix, has been shown to play an important role in both animal models of cerebral ischemia and human stroke. The expression of MMP-9 is elevated after cerebral ischemia which is involved in accelerating ...

There have been a handful of previously published cases of athletes who were still symptomatic from a prior head injury, and then suffered a second injury in which a thin, acute subdural hematoma (SDH) with unilateral hemisphere vascular engorgement was demonstrated on CT scan. In those cases, the cause of the brain swelling/dysautoregulation was ascribed to the presence of the acute SDH rather ...

AbstractThere have been a handful of previously published cases of athletes who were still symptomatic from a prior head injury, and then suffered a second injury in which a thin, acute subdural hematoma (SDH) with unilateral hemisphere vascular engorgement was demonstrated on CT scan. In those cases, the cause of the brain swelling/dysautoregulation was ascribed to the presence of the acute SDH ...

To investigate the characteristics of the cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of compressed air divers in diving accidents, we conducted an observational case series study. MRI of brain were examined and analysed on seven cases compressed air divers complicated with cerebral arterial gas embolism CAGE. There were some characteristics of ...

Support is provided for the hypothesis that activated leukocytes, especially monocytes/macrophages, contribute to cerebral white matter damage in extremely low gestational age newborns. Much of the evidence is indirect and comes from analogies to brain diseases in adults, and from models of brain damage in adult and newborn animals. If the recruitment of ...

Biomarkers of inflammation are found in the circulation of adults who have had a stroke. Although these biomarkers may, in part, be indicators of damage, some appear to contribute to damage. Similar biomarkers are found in newborns with cerebral white matter damage or at risk of cerebral palsy. Can we learn about the pathogenesis of ...

Determining the time of peak of cerebral maturation is vital for our understanding of when cerebral maturation ceases and the cerebral degeneration in healthy aging begins. We carefully mapped changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion for eleven major cerebral white matter tracts ...

Determining the time of peak of cerebral maturation is vital for our understanding of when cerebral maturation ceases and the cerebral degeneration in healthy aging begins. We carefully mapped changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion for eleven major cerebral white matter tracts ...

Assessment of the early organization and maturation of infants' cerebral white matter fiber bundles, we assessed the feasibility to study the organization and maturation of major white matter bundles used to assess the early 3D organization and maturation of white matter bundles in eighteen 1- to 4

� Heterotopia, the misplacement of gray matter inside white The object of the work reported here is to provide and white matter. 3. Brain deformation. 4. Heterotopia (gray matter misplaced inside white matter). Table 2 Wolff #12;ii #12;Summary Cortical dysplasia, the malformation of the cerebral cortex (the layer ...

Although periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) is the leading cause of chronic neurological disability and cerebral palsy in survivors of premature birth, the cellular-molecular mechanisms by which ischemia-reperfusion contributes to the pathogenesis of PWMI are not well defined. To define pathophysiologic relationships among ischemia, acute ...

Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by unstable expansion of a CAG repeat in the DRPLA gene. We performed detailed quantitative analysis of the size and the size distribution (range) of the expanded CAG repeats in various regions of the CNS of eight autopsied patients with DRPLA. Expanded alleles (AE) showed considerable variations ...

We investigated the effects of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) on brain injury and neurological functional outcome at postnatal day (P)30 through P90. HI was induced by exposing P9 mice to 8% O(2) for 55 min using the Vannucci HI model. Following HI, mice were treated with either vehicle control or Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) inhibitor HOE 642. The animals were examined by the ...

The EEG recorded in trasverse and longitudinal acceleration and during vibration of the whole body has been shown in previous studies to provide a close correlation with levels of consciousness, as these may be modified by embarrassment of cerebral circul...

The ability to tolerate high gravity radial acceleration depends primarily on the maintenance of sufficient head level arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow to prevent the occurrence of blackout and G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC). Because of ...

The effects of 4.5, 6.0 and 7.0 +Gz acceleration levels on the electroencephalogram (EEG) were collaboratively studies with the USAFSAM. At no time did the EEG records suggest a significant impairment of cerebral functions. To achieve a separation of musc...

When fighter aircraft change directions, the pilots are subject to a centrifugal force. This force can be enough to induce pilot loss of consciousness (LOC). The physiological cause of this LOC is brain hypoxia which results from an increase in hydrostati...

A total of nine normal volunteer subjects were studied with three forms of (99mTc) hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HM-PAO), a potential cerebral blood flow imaging agent. One, the d,l isomer, showed 4.1% uptake in the brain which remained constant over 8 hr. There was good differentiation between uptake in gray and white matter on tomographic slices. We ...

Local cerebral glucose utilization has been measured by means of carbon-14(/sup 14/C)-autoradiography with 2-deoxyglucose in the newborn beagle puppy model of intraventricular hemorrhage. Our studies demonstrate gray matter/white matter differentiation of uptake of /sup 14/C-2-deoxyglucose in the control pups, as would be expected from adult animal ...

Larger brains have an increasingly folded cerebral cortex whose white matter scales up faster than the gray matter. Here we analyze the cellular composition of the subcortical white matter in 11 primate species, including humans, and one Scandentia, and show that the mass of the white matter scales linearly across ...

Activities toward arachidonyl-labelled phospholipase A2 substrates were assayed in fractions of white matter and cerebral cortex from control subjects and in fractions of demyelinated plaque, normal-appearing white matter and cerebral cortex from subjects who died with multiple sclerosis. Membranous activity at pH ...

Voxel-based morphometry of unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy reveals abnormalities in cerebral April 2004; accepted 5 May 2004 Voxel-based morphometric (VBM) investigations of temporal lobe epilepsy identified the expected abnormalities in hippocampus and extrahippocampal temporal lobe, as well as more

The relationship between data acquisition parameters and contrast in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images was studied. NMR imaging by the pulse echo technique selectively enhanced intracranial abnormalities; imaging by the inversion recovery technique heightened the difference between cerebral gray and white matter. Using a blood flow model, the authors ...

33 New Zealand white rabbits were taken and randomly divided into a control group, a hyperbaric air group, and a hyperbaric oxyengation (HBO) group. All were reirrigated types following the creation of acute, incomplete cerebral ischemia. Respective measu...

children frequently demonstrate significant learning impairments [5], we ex- pected decreased temporal lobe in cerebral lobe tissue with frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe tissue volumes as dependent or white lobe volumes (i.e., frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital) as dependent variables. Analysis

Focal thinning of the cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis Michael Sailer,1 Bruce Fischl,2,3 David in multiple sclerosis. Many studies have addressed white matter (WM) alterations leading to atrophy, while obtained in 20 patients with clinically de�nite multiple sclerosis and 15 age-matched normal subjects

A 45-year-old man noticed mild numbness of the feet at the age of 40 years and difficulty in standing up from squatting position at 43 years. His birth and developmental milestones were normal and the family history was unremarkable. He was alert and intelligent with global IQ of 91. There was mild muscle weakness as well as atrophy in bilateral hips and thighs. The serum creatine kinase level was ...

Neuropathological examinations were carried out at necropsy on 83 very pre-term babies who died during their first hospital admission. Forty seven (57%) babies had evidence of cerebral damage-39 with ischaemic white matter damage. The time of onset of ischaemic lesions was thought to be prenatal in 12 cases (31%) and postnatal in a further 12 (31%). The ...

... and D. W. Dickson. 1990. Stroke in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann. Neurol 28:303�311. CrossRef, PubMedRamsey, E., ... ...

): Adjust- able computerized stereotaxic brain atlas for transmission and emission tomography. AJNR 4 functional methods. AJNR 14:915�925. Steinmetz H, Furst G, Freund HJ. (1989): Cerebral Cortical Local

Regional cerebral pH (rpH) was measured in 12 patients with cerebral tumours and in 5 normal subjects using continuous inhalation of /sup 11/CO/sub 2/ and positron emission tomography (PET). Cerebral tumours with a disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) on computed tomography scanning had a similar rpH to that of equivalent regions of ...

We investigated sequence-learning skills in 64 children with cerebral palsy (aged 4.01-14.7 years; 49 with bilateral, two with dystonic, and 13 with unilateral cerebral palsy), compared with a matched control group of typically developing children. Participants' motor and handling abilities were classified according to the Gross Motor Function ...

Recent studies have suggested that cognitive impairment may be a common complication in adults with moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction have not been clarified. Whether cognitive impairment may occur as a consequence of cerebral hypoperfusion and may improve after revascularization surgery has not been determined. A 39-year-old West Indian ...

Our prospective cohort study of extremely low gestational age newborns evaluated the association of neonatal head ultrasound abnormalities with cerebral palsy at age 2 years. Cranial ultrasounds in 1053 infants were read with respect to intraventricular hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly, and echolucency, by multiple sonologists. Standardized neurological examinations classified ...

Our prospective cohort study of extremely low gestational age newborns evaluated the association of neonatal head ultrasound abnormalities with cerebral palsy at age 2 years. Cranial ultrasounds in 1053 infants were read with respect to intraventricular hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly, and echolucency, by multiple sonologists. Standardized neurological examinations classified ...

The goal of this study was to elucidate the association between the development of periventricular white matter lucency and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients through the arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference method. We studied 51 hypertensive patients who had previously suffered from minor strokes (lacunar infarction, 43; ...

The introduction of distilled water in vitro into brain tissue increases the water content of the cerebral white matter. The increase in water content for canine white matter may be predicted from impedance measurements on the tissue and the empirical equations determined in this study. However, the equations may only be valid for ...

Computerized tomographic scans were performed on 31 patients with primary diseases of the white matter. Among 18 patients with multiple sclerosis, acute lesions were visualized in five, all with symptomatic cerebral hemisphere disease. Characteristic white matter lesions were also demonstrated in adrenoleukodystrophy, spongiform ...

Parachymal density measurements of 14 regions of gray and white matter from each cerebral hemisphere were made from CT scans of 25 subjects who had varying degrees of dementia as measured by a global Clinical Dementia Rating, and also from CT scans of 33 normal control subjects. There were few significant differences between the two groups in the mean ...

We investigated differences associated with age and hypertension, a common risk factor for vascular disease, in three aspects of white matter integrity � gross regional volumes of the white matter, volume of the white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and diffusion properties. We acquired MRI scans on 93 adult volunteers (age 50-77 ...

Calcium channel blockers have been widely used for the treatment of hypertension because several clinical trials have demonstrated their strong action on lowering blood pressure and their role in preventing cardiovascular events such as stroke and coronary heart disease. However, there have been few reports on the effects on cerebral hemodynamics when blood pressure is lowered ...