In this paper we discuss the three failure modes, namely, single kicker failure, two kickers failure and timing error between the extraction and injection kickers. We propose possible means of protecting the accelerator components.

The topic of this thesis is reliability testing of mechanical components, in which wear is a dominant failure mechanism. As the time to failure is often much longer than the time available for testing, the test must be accelerated. An important part of th...

When the reliability of capacitors is evaluated, a highly accelerated life test (HALT) is usually adopted since it is a time-efficient method of determining ...

Accelerated life testing of a product under more severe than normal conditions is commonly used to reduce test time and costs. Data collected at such accelerated conditions are used to obtain estimates of the parameters of a stress translation function. T...

Abstract-- A system level fault injection experiment measuring changes in probability of failure and error propagation as a function of failure acceleration. It demonstrates that: (1) Probability of failure increases with failure acceleration, and (2) Error propagation ...

... xi Page 16. (- LIST OF TABLES ... DEG Degrees DT Dwell Time -' E Each FLUOR Fluorocarbon FO Fan Out- G Gravitational Acceleration Constant ...

... Inherent device failure mechanisms, such as electromigration, hot carrier effects and time dependent dielectric (oxide) breakdown, may lead to ...

Many new landslides often originate in old landslide areas, on pre-existing slip surfaces at residual shear strength condition. Previous laboratory investigations of drained displacement rates with time for pre-sheared surfaces have been very limited. A detailed survey of the literature reveals that all of the laboratory constant load compression tests, and a significant ...

The mechanical behavior of explosives subjected to high acceleration has been studied in an ultracentrifuge at -10�C. Melt-cast TNAZ and pressed TNAZ, LX-14, Composition A3 Type II, PAX-2A, and PAX-3 have been studied. Failure occurs when the shear or tensile strength of the explosive is exceeded. The fracture acceleration of pressed ...

The prognostic significance of a panel of molecular biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) for first failure site (primary (T), nodal (N) or distant (M)) was analysed in 309 patients randomised to continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) vs. conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. Multivariate competing risks ...

... Accession Number : AD0726017. Title : Zinc Sulfate Failure as Accelerator of Collagen Biosynthesis and Fibroblast Proliferation. ...

... "* System failure mode analysis "* Classification and ranking of failure modes in terms of influence and frequency of occurrence ...

It has become increasingly important to address the issues of operational reliability and availability of an accelerator complex early in its design and construction phases. In this context, reliability addresses the mean time between failures and the failure rate, and availability takes into account the ...

This third article in a series describing survival analysis of engineering student retention and graduation introduces accelerated failure-time as an alternative to the Cox proportional hazards model to the context of student data. The new survival analysis of graduation data presented here assumes different distributions including exponential, lognormal ...

SummaryIn a case�cohort design, covariates are assembled only for a subcohort that is randomly selected from the entire cohort and any additional cases outside the subcohort. This design is appealing for large cohort studies of rare disease, especially when the exposures of interest are expensive to ascertain for all the subjects. We propose statistical methods for analyzing the case�cohort ...

Batteries for solar photovoltaic applications and other terrestrial applications require long life in daily cycling regimes. There is a need to develop testing procedures to accelerate aging of electrochemical cells so that cycle life data can be acquired in less time than real time testing would require. The initial emphasis has been ...

The International Linear Collider (ILC) will be the largest most complicated accelerator ever built. For this reason extensive work is being done early in the design phase to ensure that it will be reliable enough. This includes gathering failure mode data from existing accelerators and simulating the failures and ...

Accelerated Testing and On-Sun Failure of CPV Die-attach. Presentation on CPV accelerated reliability testing.

Electrical life is an important parameter to estimate the reliability of a relay, and it is greatly affected by load current. In order to shorten the time of life test, load current stress accelerated life tests were carried out by using a life test system designed for relay in this paper. During the life test, many parameters such as the contact ...

A series of tests were carried out on commercially available GaAs FET devices of the type GAT 2 and GAT 3. The tests overstressed the devices to accelerate failure so the failure modes could be observed within a short period of time. Tests carried out were: dc burn-in, dc bias, thermal cycling, ac burn-in, RF test, ...

The aerospace industry is concerned that as semiconductor feature sizes are reduced future technology generations, device lifetime will decrease as well. Inherent device failure mechanisms, such as electromigration, hot carrier effects and time dependent ...

Research topics included shock and wear processes, optimal maintenance and replacement policies, positive dependence of components, life distribution properties of devices, analysis of censored failure time data, and accelerated life testing of systems.

Development of on-board FD&P system for the Solid Rocket Boosters is a NASA ... (typically head pressure, temperature and acceleration) and short time window ..... breach fault, for a given propellant geometry and given design curve Sb ...

Problems requiring regression analysis of censored data arise frequently in practice. For example, in accelerated testing one wishes to relate stress and average time to failure from data including unfailed units, i.e., censored observations. Maximum like...

The aim of this study was to identify possible failure-specific prognostic factors in non-small-cell lung cancer. Clinical outcome was analysed in 549 patients participating in the randomized controlled trial of CHART vs conventional radiotherapy. Local failure and distant failure with or without concurrent local relapse were subjected ...

As the physical size of modern accelerators becomes larger and larger, the number of required control system circuit boards increases, and the probability of one of those circuit boards failing while in service also increases. In order to do physics, the experimenters need the accelerator to provide beam reliably with as little down ...

The reliability of components is generally evaluated by estimating its time-to-failure distributions. These distributions are estimated from systematic life tests under conditions that simulate the actual operating conditions or under accelerated conditions that induce failures. In some cases, failures occur only ...

An algorithm recently developed by RUNDLE et al. (2002) to find regions of anomalous seismic activity associated with large earthquakes identified the location of an Mw = 5.6 earthquake near Calexico, Mexico. In this paper we analyze the regional seismicity before this event, and a nearby Mw = 5.7 event, using time-to-failure algorithms developed by BOWMAN et al. (1998) and ...

We present a model-independent, data-driven approach to quantify dynamical changes in nonlinear, possibly chaotic, processes with application to machine failure forewarning. From time-windowed data sets, we use time-delay phase-space reconstruction to obtain a discrete form of the invariant distribution function on the attractor. ...

The results of reliability testing of ion-implanted GaAs MMIC IF amplifiers (IFAs) fabricated on 3-inch Cr-doped GaAs LEC substrates are presented. Three accelerated aging tests and one long-term life test performed on more than 200 IFAs and totaling 13,000 h have been completed. The predicted failure rate is less than 150 FITs for an operating temperature ...

The mechanical behavior of explosives subject to high acceleration has been studied in an ultracentrifuge at -10^oC. Melt-cast TNAZ and pressed TNAZ, LX-14, Composition A3 Type II, PAX-2A, and PAX-3 have been studied. Failure occurs when the shear or tensile strength of the explosive is exceeded. The fracture acceleration of pressed ...

We have designed and implemented a rugged, simple double-ribbon buncher grid that has greatly increased the mean time between failure over wire mesh designs. This grid is used to prebunch several microamperes of beams of heavy ions such as {sup 127}I or {sup 79}Br at 200 keV, for injection into a MP Tandem Accelerator, itself the ...

The U.S. Coast Guard has developed a qualification test to screen photovoltaic modules for utilization on marine aids to navigation. The test is based on a combined-environment of hot and cold saltwater immersion and air pressurization. The test has demonstrated a very high acceleration factor and excellent correlation of electrical failures with modules ...

This paper describes a reliability study performed on a batch of thin film thermoelectric generators. The study took the form of an accelerated life testing program which was required to reduce the time needed to obtain significant data regarding the reliability of the devices. By extrapolation of the results of this test the mean time ...

For example, within Mil-STD-883, there are three levels of accelerated .... to failure. In the IPC report J-STD-012 (Joint Industry .... 129, 205, and 267 cycles. ...

... Accession Number : ADD853746. Title : Accelerated Failure of Bisphenol-A Polysulfone During Electron Beam Irradiation Under an Applied Stress. ...

... The approach employed herein included: System failure mode analysis, Classification and ranking of failure modes in terms of influence and ...

Rock failures are common in Alpine mountain chains and pose a threat to life and infrastructures. In general, rock slope stability is an interplay between existing discontinuities and development of new ones in intact material. In this work, we study progressive failure by means of numerical methods at multiple scales and using distinct element methods ...

... Title : PREDICTION LIMITS FOR THE LAST FAILURE TIME OF A (LOG)NORMAL SAMPLE FROM EARLY FAILURES. Corporate Author : ...

Silver-interlayer diffusion bonds were fabricated using planar-magnetron sputtering (PMS). The bonds exhibit very high tensile strengths, despite the soft interlayer, because of the constraint by the base metal. However, these joints undergo delayed failure at relatively low tensile stresses at ambient temperatures, apparently by a ductile microvoid coalescence mechanism at ...

Resistance degradation in PZT thin-film capacitors has been studied as a function of applied voltage, temperature, and film composition. It is found that the mean-time-to-failure (life-time or t(sub f)) of the capacitors shows a power law dependence on ap...

... TIME TO FAILURE DISTRIBUTION FOR EACH COMPONENT (PRIMARY FAILURE) IS ASSUMED TO BE WEIBULL MODEL WITH DIFFERENT ...

We report several limitations and failure modes of the recently expanded Layzer model for hydrodynamic instabilities. The failures occur for large initial amplitudes, for stable accelerations, and for spikes in two-fluid systems.

For the analysis with recurrent events, we propose a generalization of the accelerated failure time model to allow for evolving covariate effects. These so-called accelerated recurrence time models postulate that time to expected recurrence frequency, upon transformation, ...

Tutorial article by ReliaSoft (Issue 65, Juldy 2006). The article begins: " Step-stress testing is a very common type of accelerated testing. It is a good way to obtain failures in a relatively short amount of time. There are many variations of step-stress testing. A common type is one in which the units are tested at a given stress ...

As the two most popular models in survival analysis, the accelerated failure time (AFT) model can more easily fit survival data than the Cox proportional hazards model (PHM). In this study, we develop a general parametric AFT model for identifying survival trait loci, in which the flexible generalized F distribution, including many ...

Interconnects in very large scale integration (VLSI) chips are susceptible to failure due to stress migration (SM) and electromigration (EM). At use condition, these two failure mechanisms play a collective role in causing interconnect failure. We present a study on SM and EM interaction in lower (MX structure) and upper metal (MX+1 ...

Improved performance and reliability of 9xx nm single emitter laser diodes are presented. To date, over 15,000 hours of accelerated multi-cell lifetest reliability data has been collected, with drive currents from 14A to 18A and junction temperatures ranging from 60�C to 110�C. Out of 208 devices, 14 failures have been observed so far. Using ...

The paper presents the results and analyses of long-term cantilever strength tests on polymeric line post insulators. The time-to-failure data for static cantilever loads are represented by the Weibull distribution. The life distribution, obtained from the maximum likelihood estimates of the accelerated failure ...

... Title : ON UPPER AND LOWER BOUNDS OF THE PROBABILITY OF STRUCTURAL FAILURE UNDER EARTHQUAKE ACCELERATION. ...

-normal (Schluchter, 1992; DeGruttola & Tu, 1994) - Weibull, Piecewise exponential 25 #12;Conditional Models for Event, Log-Normal 26 #12;Conditional Models for Event Time Data Accelerated Failure-Time (AFT) Models: � Weibull model with shape parameter - Parametric but fairly flexible - The Weibull model is a proportional

We reviewed the regulatory history of the accelerated approval process and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) experience with accelerated approval of oncology products from its initiation in December 11, 1992, to July 1, 2010. The accelerated approval regulations allowed accelerated approval of products to ...

The failure of fiber-reinforced ceramic and metal matrix composites under a fixed load for extended times occurs because of strength degradation in the constituent fibers. Specifically, the ceramic fibers possess a Weibull strength distribution caused by crack-like flaws, which can grow according to a power-law growth mechanism. ...

There are now 200 new, high power 5045 klystrons installed on the two-mile Stanford Linear Accelerator. Peak power per klystron averages over 63 MW. Average energy contribution is above 240 MeV per station. Electron beam energy has been measured as high as 53 GeV. Energy instability due to klystron malfunction is less than 0.2%. The installed klystrons have logged over one ...

Roof and floor failures in mine roadways continue to present severe safety and productivity problems in underground coal mining. A new method to eliminate such failures is discussed in this article. The method substitutes ground self-support for artificial support, even in very weak ground. It does so by utilizing excavation geometry to redistribute ...

The cryogenic department at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is responsible for the operation, troubleshooting, and upgrade of the 1.5 Tesla superconducting solenoid detector for the BABAR B-factory experiment. Events that disable the detector are rare but significantly impact the availability of the detector for physics research. As a result, a number of systems and ...

The cryogenic department at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is responsible for the operation, troubleshooting, and upgrade of the 1.5 Tesla superconducting solenoid detector for the BABAR B-factory experiment. Events that disable the detector are rare but significantly impact the availability of the detector for physics research. As a result, a number of systems and ...

This work used a new dynamic approach in which wafer-level chip-scale packages (WLCSP) were first aged by applying various current levels and then detailed measurements were taken to study the failure mechanism of these packages. The aging stage involved various accelerated current stressing conditions at a fixed ambient temperature of 125 �C. Unlike ...

Summary There has been great recent interest in the medical and statistical literature in the assessment and validation of surrogate endpoints as proxies for clinical endpoints in medical studies. More recently, authors have focused on using metaanalytical methods for quantification of surrogacy. In this article, we extend existing procedures for analysis based on the ...

The next generation of particle accelerators will be one-of-a-kind facilities, and to meet their luminosity goals they must have guaranteed availability over their several decade lifetimes. The Next Linear Collider (NLC) is one viable option for a 1 TeV electron-positron linear collider, it has an 85% overall availability goal. We previously showed how a traditional ...

The nucleation processes that ultimately lead to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, rock bursts in mines, and landslides from cliff slopes are likely to be controlled at some scale by brittle failure of the Earth�s crust. In laboratory brittle deformation experiments geophysical signals commonly exhibit an accelerating trend prior to dynamic ...

I adapted a model recently introduced in the context of seismic phenomena to study creep rupture of materials. It consists of linear elastic fibers that interact in an equal load sharing scheme, complemented with a local viscoelastic relaxation mechanism. The model correctly describes the three stages of the creep process; namely, an initial Andrade regime of creep relaxation, an intermediate ...

Power-law accelerations in the mean rate of strain, earthquakes and other precursors have been widely reported prior to material failure phenomena, including volcanic eruptions, landslides and laboratory deformation experiments, as predicted by several theoretical models. The Failure Forecast Method (FFM), which linearizes the ...

The Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) upgrade to 1 MW requires new power supply designs. This paper describes the tools and the methodology needed to assess the reliability of the power supplies. Both the design and operation of the power supplies in the synchrotron will be taken into account. To develop a reliability budget, the experiments to be conducted with this ...

We present an investigation on heart cycle time series, using inverse statistical analysis, a concept borrowed from studying turbulence. Using this approach, we studied the distribution of the exit times needed to achieve a predefined level of heart rate alteration. Such analysis uncovers the most likely waiting time needed to reach a ...

When thousands of processors are involved in performing event filtering on a trigger farm, there is likely to be a large number of failures within the software and hardware systems. BTeV, a proton/antiproton collider experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, has designed a trigger, which includes several thousand processors. If fault conditions ...

Some of the important aspects of accelerated-stress life testing such as extrapolation distance and sample size determination are considered. Also addressed are the advantages of applying more than one accelerated stress to induce failure. A frequent problem in applied research and development is the determination of the length of ...

Silver interlayer diffusion bonds that were fabricated using planar-magnetron sputtering exhibited very high tensile strengths. However, these joints undergo delayed failure at relatively low tensile stresses at ambient temperature, apparently by a microvoid coalescence mechanism at the bond interfaces. Two classes of delayed tensile failure were ...

Process and apparatus are disclosed for providing ultra accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing of samples under controlled weathering without introducing unrealistic failure mechanisms in exposed materials and without breaking reciprocity relationships between flux exposure levels and cumulative dose that includes multiple concurrent levels of ...

Process and apparatus for providing ultra accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing of samples under controlled weathering without introducing unrealistic failure mechanisms in exposed materials and without breaking reciprocity relationships between flux exposure levels and cumulative dose that includes multiple concurrent levels of temperature and ...

Failure analysis (FA) tools have been applied to analyze failing polysilicon microengines. These devices were stressed to failure under accelerated conditions in both oxidizing and non-oxidizing environments. The dominant failure mechanism of these microe...

... Title : The Effects of Accelerator Position and Leg Angle on the Movement Time between the Brake and Accelerator Pedals in the Automobile. ...

... changes of vehnioe motion (ie, vehicle translational accelerations) to compute velocity, the first time integral of acceleration, and distance, the ...

A major unresolved issue in Cu interconnect reliability is the interface role in the failure mechanism of real structures. The present study investigates failure in single-level damascene Cu interconnects with variations in interface condition, passivation and barrier, and linewidth. In the first phase, accelerated electromigration ...

Purpose: To report the results of a detailed analysis of treatment failures after MammoSite breast brachytherapy for partial breast irradiation from our single-institution experience. Methods and Materials: Between October 14, 2002 and October 23, 2006, 78 patients with early-stage breast cancer were treated with breast-conserving surgery and accelerated ...

...false Effect of failure to meet time limits. 2411.12 Section 2411...12 Effect of failure to meet time limits. Failure by the Authority...request under this part within the time limits prescribed by the Freedom of...

As a failure criterion for rocks exhibiting static fatigue, it is suggested that there is a critical density of microcracks in the specimen at which the cracks begin to intersect. The intersections grow at an accelerating rate and lead to failure. A theory of static fatigue based on this hypothesis and a power law of transient creep ...

Development of a robust, high-average-power (210 kW, CW) microwave transmission line system for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) facility is a stringent engineering and operational requirement. One key component in this RF transmission system is the vacuum barrier window. The requirement of high-power handling capability coupled to the desirability of good mean ...

Results are presented from scaled analogue modelling of the temporal and spatial evolution of pre-failure strain states on slopes of increasing geometrical complexity. The aim is to explore experimentally the conditions in which final failure time can be predicted by extrapolating strain-rate accelerations. ...

We introduce a cutting-edge life-testing technique, accelerated degradation testing (ADT), for PV reliability testing. The ADT technique is a cost-effective and flexible reliability testing method with multiple (MADT) and Step-Stress (SSADT) variants. In an environment with limited resources, including equipment (chambers), test units, and testing time, ...

The last year was marked by food, fuel, and financial crises and the latter has translated itself into a global economic crisis. Climate change is accelerating and, unless checked, it promises to be the greatest market failure of all time with serious and significant implications for employment and economic activity. We must produce ...

The past three years of AGOR operation have been a period of steady improvement of the cyclotron. The two problems causing most down time: failure of the helium refrigerator system and water leaks in the RF acceleration electrodes have been solved. The latter required redesign of the connection between the electrode and the coaxial ...

The current trend towards multicore/manycore and accelerated architectures presents challenges, both in portability, and also in the choices that developers must make on how to use the resources that these architectures provide. This paper explores some of the possibilities that are enabled by the Open Computing Language (OpenCL), and proposes a programming model that allows ...

... ACCELERATION TOLERANCE, RESPONSE(BIOLOGY)), (*RESPONSE( BIOLOGY), *CORIOLIS EFFECT), ACCELERATION, VESTIBULAR ...

The convergence of a Runge-Kutta (RK) scheme with multigrid is accelerated by preconditioning with a

The aim of this study was to identify possible failure-specific prognostic factors in non-small-cell lung cancer. Clinical outcome was analysed in 549 patients participating in the randomized controlled trial of CHART vs conventional radiotherapy. Local failure and distant failure with or without concurrent local relapse were subjected ...

Initially, the objective of this investigation was the development of a partial discharge test which was more sensitive than commonly used, which could be used as a reliable quality control test for eliminating defective insulators which might fail prematurely under service stresses. To reach this objective, it was necessary to determine the correlation between the partial discharge magnitude ...

The failure of magma and onset of an explosive eruption is commonly preceded by accelerations in discharge rate and seismic activity. As magma is mechanically forced through the ductile-brittle transition, cracks propagate and coalesce, thereby generating an increasing amount of seismic energy, which can be used to forecast the onset of explosive ...

The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) uses a maintenance management philosophy that is best described as opportunistic or event-driven. Opportunistic maintenance can be defined as a systematic method of collecting, investigating, pre-planning, and publishing a set of proposed maintenance tasks and acting on them when there is an unscheduled failure ...

As technologies continue advancing, semiconductor devices with dimensions in nanometers have entered all spheres of human life. This research deals with both the statistical aspect of reliability and some electrical aspect of reliability characterization. As an example of nano devices, TaO_x-based high k dielectric thin films are studied on the ...

Research on the reliability of terrestrial solar cells was performed to identify failure/degradation

could lead to fatigue failure of the bond material. ... this paper, separate testing was performed and concluded ... Aluminum could be found, the analysis used the ...

... 10 3.2 Failure Mode Analysis .... ... 1. Failure mode analysis to determine how each component in a system can fail to perform its required functions. ...

as cycles to failure for thermal shock and thermal cycling conditions in the range of 55?C to 125?C were compared. Projection to other temperature cycling ...

assemblies performed under different conditions, including ... rates are critical parameters and also affect cycles to failure. The NASA thermal cycling ...

However, failure occurs by competing modes of slow crack growth at long failure times and twinning for short failure time and inert environments. ...

passed --- (failure) first SPK is not an SPK --- passed --- (failure) ... time is greater than stop time --- passed --- (failure) same object specified by ...

passed --- (failure) first SPK is not an SPK --- passed --- (failure) ... time is greater than stop time --- passed --- (failure) same object specified by ...

Although renal failure is one of the known comorbidities associated with rapid progression of aortic stenosis, it is unclear whether hemodialysis alters the progression of prosthetic aortic valve stenosis. We describe a 79-year-old female who underwent bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement 8 years ago with stable prosthetic valve area for the initial 6 years. In the last two ...

Structural failure of the accelerator grid in two-grid ion optics due to charge exchange ion erosion

The fatigue behavior of multidirectional graphite-epoxy laminates was analyzed theoretically and experimentally in an effort to establish an accelerated testing methodology. Analysis of the failure mechanism in fatigue of the laminates led to the determin...

High performance and high reliability are two of the most important goals driving the penetration of optical transmission into telecommunication systems ranging from 880 nm to 1550 nm. Lifetime prediction defined as the time at which a parameter reaches its maximum acceptable shirt still stays the main result in terms of reliability estimation for a technology. For ...

We develop some ideas discussed by E. Schucking [arXiv:0803.4128] concerning the geometry of the gravitational field. First, we address the concept according to which the gravitational acceleration is a manifestation of the space-time torsion, not of the curvature tensor. It is possible to show that there are situations in which the geodesic ...

We develop some ideas discussed by E. Schucking [arXiv:0803.4128] concerning the geometry of the gravitational field. First, we address the concept according to which the gravitational acceleration is a manifestation of the space-time torsion, not of the curvature tensor. It is possible to show that there are situations in which the geodesic ...

... Since 1971, management of time synchronization of the Loran ... for responding to timing path failures, timing adjustments and time steps. ...

All large accelerator control systems eventually outlast the technologies with which they were built. This has happened several times during the lifetime of the accelerators at Los Alamos in the LAMPF/PSR beam delivery complex. Most recently, the EPICS control system has been integrated with the existing LAMPF and PSR control systems. ...

System designers and end users of diode pumped solid state lasers often require knowledge of the operability limits of QCW laser diode pump sources and their predicted reliability performance as a function of operating conditions. Accelerated ageing at elevated temperatures, duty cycles and/or currents allows extended lifetime testing of diode stacks to be executed on ...

This page shows you how to use the Euler Method to numerically find position, velocity, and acceleration as a function of time.

PURPOSE: Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) represents a prospective approach for risk assessment. A multidisciplinary working group of the Italian Association for Medical Physics applied FMEA to electron beam intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) delivered using mobile linear accelerators, aiming at preventing accidental exposures to the patient. ...

This technical report documents a test-to-failure protocol that may be used to obtain quantitative information about the reliability of photovoltaic modules using accelerated testing in environmental temperature-humidity chambers.

During the assembly of the Alternating Phase Focusing cavity for the PIGMI Prototype proton accelerator, recurring failures of drift-tube braze joints occurred. In the fabrication technique, a torch braze was used to attach the stems to both the drift-tub...

The accelerated coating delamination failure was attributed to the increased delamination driving force under the thermal gradient cyclic loading and the ...