FOXP2 is a transcription factor implicated in the development and neural control of orofacial coordination, particularly with respect to vocalisation. Observations that orthologues show almost no variation across vertebrates yet differ by two amino acids between humans and chimpanzees have led to speculation that recent evolutionary changes might relate to ...

The signaling pathways orchestrating both the evolution and development of language in the human brain remain unknown. To date, the transcription factor FOXP2 (forkhead box P2) is the only gene implicated in Mendelian forms of human speech and language dysfunction1,2,3. It has been proposed, that the amino acid composition in the human ...

Tadarida sequence and its close relative Chaerephon plicata (family Molossidae) further highlight the high, data on FoxP2 in bats was limited to a partial sequence of exon 7 in a single individual (Tadarida sp: Chaerephon plicata) as well as pig (Sus scrofa), goat (Capra hircus), donkey (Equus asinus), cat (Felis catus

The signalling pathways controlling both the evolution and development of language in the human brain remain unknown. So far, the transcription factor FOXP2 (forkhead box P2) is the only gene implicated in Mendelian forms of human speech and language dysfunction. It has been proposed that the amino acid composition in the human variant ...

It has been proposed that two amino acid substitutions in the transcription factor FOXP2 have been positively selected during human evolution due to effects on aspects of speech and language. Here, we introduce these substitutions into the endogenous Foxp2 gene of mice. Although these mice are ...

It has been proposed that two amino acid substitutions in the transcription factor FOXP2 have been positively selected during human evolution and influence aspects of speech and language. Recently it was shown that when these substitutions are introduced into the endogenous Foxp2 gene of mice, ...

FoxP2 is the first identified gene that is specifically involved in speech and language development in humans. Population genetic studies of FoxP2 revealed a selective sweep in recent human history associated with two amino acid substitutions in exon 7. Avian song learning and human language acquisition share many behavioral and neurological similarities. To determine whether FoxP2 plays a similar ...

, the apparent imprinted status of FOXP2 directly connects molecular genomics with behavior and language-expression studies, pheno- type�genotype associations, and the molecular evolution of FOXP2 implicates this gene evidence that FOXP2 is subject to effects of genomic imprinting, with relatively high expression from

FOXP2, the first gene causally linked to a human language disorder, is implicated in song acquisition, production, and perception in oscine songbirds, the evolution of speech and language in hominids, and the evolution of echolocation in bats. Despite the evident relevance of Foxp2 to vertebrate acoustic ...

FOXP2, the first gene causally linked to a human language disorder, is implicated in song acquisition, production and perception in oscine songbirds, the evolution of speech and language in hominids and the evolution of echolocation in bats. Despite the evident relevance of Foxp2 to vertebrate acoustic ...

Vocal imitation in human infants and in some orders of birds relies on auditory-guided motor learning during a sensitive period of development. It proceeds from 'babbling' (in humans) and 'subsong' (in birds) through distinct phases towards the full-fledged communication system. Language development and birdsong learning have parallels at the behavioural, neural and genetic levels. Different ...

Many molecules are expressed heterogeneously in subpopulations of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and inferior olive (IO) neurons during development or in adulthood. These expression patterns are often organized in longitudinal stripes in the cerebellar cortex, which may be related to functional compartmentalization. FoxP2, a transcription factor, is expressed in PCs and IO neurons, but the ...

Interviewee: Matt Ridley DNAi Location:Genome>tour>genome spots>Language Location: chromosome 7 gene name: FOXP2 (transcription factor, forkhead box P2) This gene, FOXP2, has been linked with the development of language. Mutations in this gene lower a person's ability to articulate and to construct ...

... much and instead are likely to accelerate extinctions. Keywords: paleontology, evolution, mammals, scientific method, climate Despite all the arguments over semantics, evolution a fact. It is a fact in .....

Over the past four decades songbirds have become a widely used model organism for neuroscientists studying complex sequential behaviors and sensory-guided motor learning. Like human babies, young songbirds learn many of the sounds they use for communication by imitating adults. This remarkable behavior emerges as a product of genetic predispositions and specific individual experiences. Research on ...

Language--as with most communication systems--likely evolved by means of natural selection. Accounts for the genetical selection of language can usually be divided into two scenarios, either of which used in isolation of the other appear insufficient to explain the phenomena: (1) there are group benefits from communicating, and (2) there are individual benefits from being a better communicator. In ...

Although a mutation (R553H) in the forkhead box (FOX)P2 gene is associated with speech/language disorder, little is known about the function of FOXP2 or its relevance to this disorder. In the present study, we identify the forkhead nuclear localization domains that contribute to the cellular distribution of FOXP2. Nuclear localization of FOXP2 depended on two distally separated nuclear ...

Mutations in FOXP2 cause developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), but only a few cases have been described. We characterize 13 patients with DVD�5 with hemizygous paternal deletions spanning the FOXP2 gene, 1 with a translocation interrupting FOXP2, and the remaining 7 with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD7), who were also given a diagnosis ...

We give here an ordered list of all types of particle accelerators and exhibit how each type evolves conceptually and/or technologically from the preceding. This is in contrast to the usual �history of particle accelerators" in which unrelated accelerator types are listed in the chronological order. It is hoped that this discussion ...

Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) Greatly Accelerates Genome Evolution and Innovation : ... Gene structure prediction in syntenic DNA segments. ...

... trophic mode and maternal provisioning of nurse eggs. Accelerated growth ... heterochrony in life-history evolution (Ryan and Semlitsch 1998), which is ... ...

... A. Dover. 1988. Complete sequences of the rRNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. ... for the evolution of sex. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266:791�797. ... ...

Heterozygous mutations of the human FOXP2 gene are implicated in a severe speech and language disorder. Aetiological mutations of murine Foxp2 yield abnormal synaptic plasticity and impaired motor-skill learning in mutant mice, while knockdown of the avian orthologue in songbirds interferes with auditory-guided ...

Heterozygous mutations of the human FOXP2 gene are implicated in a severe speech and language disorder. Aetiological mutations of murine Foxp2 yield abnormal synaptic plasticity and impaired motor-skill learning in mutant mice, while knockdown of the avian orthologue in songbirds interferes with auditory-guided ...

BackgroundMutations in the FOXP2 transcription factor lead to language disorders with developmental onset. Accompanying structural abnormalities in cortico-striatal circuitry indicate that at least a portion of the behavioral phenotype is due to organizational deficits. We previously found parallel FoxP2 expression patterns in human and songbird cortico/pallio-striatal circuits important for ...

Understand how CMEs are heated and accelerated, and define their role in the evolution of the solar magnetic field. ... suprathermal velocity filtration ...

The Boltzmann equation takes into account the self-consistent evolution of the E and B fields through the appearance of the acceleration term a. ...

for effective oxygen evolution (OER). Develop accelerated aging tests. Demonstrate improved OER catalyst lifetime and stability. ...

... Abstract : The semiconductor industry is under pressure, thus accelerating the industry evolution from vertical integration to specialization and ...

... weeks to months in most homosporous ferns,is highly accelerated and reduced to one to two days in ... ...

A review is given of the characteristics of proton synchrotrons, isochronous cyclotrons, storage rings, and linear accelerators, with emphasis on focusing, targets, domains of operation, accelerating properties, and stateof-the- art. (T.F.H.)

This paper considers the historical evolution of the concept of optimisation of radiation exposures, as commonly expressed by the acronym ALARA, and discusses its application to various aspects of radiation protection at high-energy accelerators. PMID:19783841

Since acceptance of the 25URC accelerator in 1982, we have continued to develop and improve both the accelerator control system and associated software. In this paper, we describe these improvements and also discuss how our experience with the present sys...

We study the evolution of the longitudinal phase space during acceleration from 0.797-7.3 GeV in the LAMPF II booster. This machine is planned to accelerate 150 mu A of protons using a 60 Hz repetition rate. A multiparticle simulation program was used to ...

The evolution of novel morphological features, such as feathers, involves the modification of developmental processes regulated by gene networks. The fact that genetic novelty operates within developmental constraints is the central tenet of the 'evo-devo' conceptual framework. It is supported by findings that certain molecular regulatory pathways act in a similar manner in ...

Aims:The temporal evolution of the Pioneer anomalous acceleration is studied to determine its correlation with solar activity. Methods: Bayesian Weighted Least Squares algorithms and Kalman filters are used to study the temporal evolution of the Pioneer anomalous acceleration. Doppler data for Pioneer 10 and 11 ...

This paper shows that the evolution of a quantum state, driven by a harmonic oscillator type Hamiltonian, can be studied by using tools exploited to characterize the evolution of a charged beam in a transport channel. Within the framework of accelerator p...

The newest particle accelerators are almost always built for extending the frontiers of research, at the cutting edge of science and technology. Once these machines are operating and these technologies mature, new applications are always found, many of which touch our lives in profound ways. The evolution of accelerator technologies ...

Comparative analyses used to reconstruct the evolution of traits associated with the human language faculty, including its socio-cognitive underpinnings, highlight the importance of evolutionary constraints limiting vocal learning in non-human primates. After a brief overview of this field of research and the neural basis of primate vocalizations, we review studies that have ...

Comparative analyses used to reconstruct the evolution of traits associated with the human language faculty, including its socio-cognitive underpinnings, highlight the importance of evolutionary constraints limiting vocal learning in non-human primates. After a brief overview of this field of research and the neural basis of primate vocalizations, we review studies that have ...

The characterization of transcriptional networks (TNs) is essential for understanding complex biological phenomena such as development, disease, and evolution. In this study, we have designed and implemented a procedure that combines in silico target screens with zebrafish and mouse validation, in order to identify cis-elements and genes directly regulated by Pax6. We chose ...

A self-consistent system of interacting nonlinear spinor and scalar fields within the scope of a Bianchi type-I cosmological model filled with perfect fluid is considered. Exact self-consistent solutions to the corresponding field equations are obtained. A role of the spinor field in the evolution of the Universe is studied. It is shown that the spinor field gives rise to an ...

Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp4 are large multidomain transcriptional regulators belonging to the family of winged-helix DNA binding proteins known as the Fox family. Foxp1 and Foxp2 have been shown to act as transcriptional repressors, while regulatory activity of the recently identified Foxp4 has not been determined. Given the importance of this Fox gene ...

This review broadly summarizes how molecular biology has contributed to our understanding of human evolution. Molecular anthropology began in the 1960s with immunological comparisons indicating that African apes and humans were closely related and, indeed, shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 million years ago. Although initially dismissed, this finding has proven robust ...

This review broadly summarizes how molecular biology has contributed to our understanding of human evolution. Molecular anthropology began in the 1960s with immunological comparisons indicating that African apes and humans were closely related and, indeed, shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 million years ago. Although initially dismissed, this finding has proven robust ...

Accelerated evolution of SIV env within the cerebral compartment in the setting of morphine Morphine Macaque Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have been viral evolution in the cerebral compartment of morphine-dependent and control macaques to determine its

It is a challenge to identify the molecular networks contributing to the neural basis of human speech. Mutations in transcription factor FOXP2 cause difficulties mastering fluent speech (developmental verbal dyspraxia, DVD), whereas mutations of sushi-repeat protein SRPX2 lead to epilepsy of the rolandic (sylvian) speech areas, with DVD or with bilateral ...

The perspective of accelerator developoment is set, and some of the remaining problems are indicated. Discussion is given on the 4, 25, and 40 Mev accelerators and the klystron. The machines described are not immediately useful for clinical work, but they illustrate what can be done using klystrons. Particular attention is given to the problem ...

Progress in electronic power conversion technology is making possible a new class of induction linacs that can operate at extremely high repetition rates. Advances in insulator technology, pulse forming line design and switching may also lead to a new type of high current accelerator with accelerating gradients at least an order of magnitude greater than ...

The evolution of the longitudinal phase space was studied during acceleration from 0.797-7.3 GeV in the LAMPF II booster. This machine is planned to multiparticle simulation program was used to model the acceleration with space charge included. The bunch population of 2.5 x 10 ti tge 11th protons was represented by 1000 macroparticles. ...

CAPTURE-SPC is a Monte-Carlo-based tracking program that simulates the injection and acceleration processes in proton synchrotrons. The time evolution of a distribution of charged particles is implemented by a symplectic, second-order-accurate integration...

A brief review of the development of accelerators is given from Cockcroft-Walton through the SSC. The usefulness of colliding beam devices is highlighted. (AIP) [copyright] 1995 [ital American] [ital Institute] [ital of] [ital Physics].

In this lecture I would like to trace how high energy particle accelerators have grown from tools used for esoteric small-scale experiments to gigantic projects being hotly debated in Congress as well as in the scientific community.

A preliminary analytic study of the temporal evolution of the beat wave accelerator (BWA) has been conducted. It was found that while energy cascading is crucial to the interpretation of current simulations, it will be less important in an actual device where the existing simple fluid model will be adequate.

Computer simulations are used to investigate the evolution of longitudinal density and energy modulations of an electron beam in a linear accelerator system. This study examines the effect of initial energy spread on the modulations as the beam is accelerated in the electron gun.

Computer simulations are used to investigate the evolution of longitudinal density and energy modulations of an electron beam in a linear accelerator system. This study examines the effect of initial energy spread on the modulations as the beam is accelerated in the electron gun.

The evolution of a tandem accelerator /sup 14/C dating system at Chalk River is recounted. Background problems and sources of instability are discussed and solutions are described. Details of sample chemistry and source preparation are presented.

... maintain swimming speed, or moderate to large amplitude axial undulations that continue to accelerate the fish. Fast starts are rapid and fast: peak acceleration can ... ...

A physical mechanism of flares, in particular for the flare rise phase, has emerged from our 2-1/2-dimensional resistive MHD simulations. The dynamical evolution of current-sheet formation and magnetic reconnection and flux-rope acceleration subject to co...

The skewness of the envelope function of 20 - 100 femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses has been controlled by appropriate choice of the higher order special phase coefficients, and used for optimization of a plasma wakefield electron accelerator.

A review is given of energy cascading in the beat-wave accelerator. The properties of the electromagnetic cascade and the corresponding plasma-wave evolution are well understood within the framework of an approximate analytic model. Based on this model, i...

wander like random walks clear across the universe. It is this fact that guarantees that some cosmic strings will still be present at any time after they ...

... a acceleration of a falling sea spray droplet a, 0,ts/e,,t, the water activity of an aqueous solution B function of r,) in the spray generation function of ...

... Small Auroral Substorm as Viewed from High ... IOWA CITY DEPT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY. ... acceleration along magnetic field lines threading ...

... so that final system temperature is dominated by the Galactic background ... areas have been identified for the LWA: cosmic evolution, the acceleration ...

The evolution of the spin during acceleration in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has been studied with a new numerical code, Spink. Results of spin tracking through resonances are shown.

exponent. It is seen from Fig. (4) that the largest Lyapunov exponent is positive for almost all the values of g used here; ...

Mar 15, 1999 ... Diamond CVD: Origin, Evolution and some Future Prospects ... which provides both the acceleration of the diamond growth and the selectivity ...

This is a short paper summarizing a presentation of the evolution of the Fermilab program for the next five to ten years. Emphasis is given to the Fermilab accelerator complex, but external collaboration is emphasized.

An explosive reconnection process associated with the nonlinear evolution of the coalescence instability is found through studies of the electromagnetic particle simulation and the magnetohydrodynamic particle simulation. The explosive coalescence is a pr...

... 4 more fast moving ions in the center of the acceleration channel than at the inner and outer regions. The relative width of the VDF axial main peak ...

... not withstand Bonferroni correction, the number of significant tests clearly ... accelerated development from metamorphosis to adulthood (Fig. 5). Across ... ...

a Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India, akr@tifr.res.in, b Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA, ...

... with uncorrelated and autocorrelated disturbances. Both movement strategies offer advantages over sedentary life histories by allowing colonization ... accelerates local adaptation. In disturbed environme...

The evolution of composites applications in aeronautics from 1970 to the present is discussed. The barriers and challenges to economic application and to certification are presented and recommendations for accelerated development are outlined. The potenti...

The evolution of the auroral electron distribution function as the electrons traverse a region of plasma turbulence is discussed. Electron measurements are used to illustrate that if the energy densities of the waves associated with the turbulence are dis...

, cow Bos taurus, pig Sus scrofa, horse Equus caballus, mouse M. musculus, and rat Rattus norvegicus

Then we viII consider how game-changing technologies - in particular Synthetic Biology - could accelerate the pace of sociocultural evolution and ...

... and latitude if higher metabolic rates facilitate more �accelerated� life histories (McNab 1980), such that selection favors higher ... unordered maximum parsimony reconstruction of diet evolution. Random...

for combating the spread of antibiotic resistance. adaptation antagonism synergy antibiotics antibiotic resistance Challenged by rapid emergence of drug-resistant pathogens and limited supply of new antibiotics the evolution of these populations over 170 generations (Fig. 2). The degree of antibiotic resistance acquired

The transcription factor Forkhead box protein 2 (FoxP2) is expressed in two cell groups of the brainstem that have been implicated in sodium appetite regulation: the pre-locus coeruleus (pre-LC) and parabrachial nucleus - external lateral-inner subdivision (PBel-inner). Because the connections of these two groups are unknown, neuroanatomical tracing methods were used to define their central ...

Electron clouds in accelerators such as the ILC degrade beam quality and limit operating efficiency. The need to mitigate electron clouds has a direct impact on the design and operation of these accelerators, translating into increased cost and reduced performance. Diagnostic techniques for measuring electron clouds in accelerating ...

. 2005). Theory suggests that evolution of rapid reproductive isolation based on different mu- tations selection. "Good genes" models of mate choice evolution predict more rapid adaptive evolution of mating-genes" models predict accelerated evolution of rapid mating in "Young Polygamy" lines, ...

We study the evolution of complex dynamics in a model of a genetic regulatory network. The fitness is associated with the topological entropy in a class of piecewise linear equations, and the mutations are associated with changes in the logical structure of the network. We compare hill climbing evolution, in which only mutations that increase the fitness ...

Experiments and numerical simulations are performed on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability with a complex acceleration history g(t) consisting of consecutive periods of acceleration, deceleration, and acceleration. The dominant bubbles and spikes that grow in the initial unstable phase are found to be shredded by the trailing structures ...

The creation and destruction of entanglement between a pair of interacting two-level detectors accelerating about diametrically opposite points of a circular path is investigated. It is found that any nonzero acceleration has the effect of suppressing the vacuum entanglement and enhancing the acceleration radiation, thereby reducing ...

The creation and destruction of entanglement between a pair of interacting two-level detectors accelerating about diametrically opposite points of a circular path is investigated. It is found that any nonzero acceleration has the effect of suppressing the vacuum entanglement and enhancing the acceleration radiation, thereby reducing ...

The Department of Physics at the United States Military Academy owns and operates an HVEC LC-400 Van de Graaff accelerator. After a few years of limited use, interest among the faculty in the accelerator as a learning tool increased. Four cadets responded to an offer for independent study with the accelerator. The cadets were tasked to ...

We study the evolution of the longitudinal phase space during acceleration from 0.797-7.3 GeV in the LAMPF II booster. This machine is planned to accelerate 150 ..mu..A of protons using a 60 Hz repetition rate. A multiparticle simulation program was used to model the acceleration with space charge included. The ...

We study the evolution of the longitudinal phase space during acceleration from 0.797-7.3 GeV in the LAMPF II booster. This machine is planned to accelerate 150 /sigma phi/A of protons using a 60 Hz repetition rate. A multiparticle simulation program was used to model the acceleration with space charge included. ...

The FoxP gene subfamily of transcription factors is defined by its characteristic 110 amino acid long DNA-binding forkhead domain and plays essential roles in vertebrate biology. Its four members, FoxP1�P4, have been extensively characterized functionally. FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 are involved in lung, heart, gut, and central nervous system (CNS) development. FoxP3 is necessary and sufficient for ...

We use high time cadence images acquired by the STEREO EUVI and COR instruments to study the evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from their initiation through impulsive acceleration to the propagation phase. For a set of 95 CMEs we derived detailed height, velocity, and acceleration profiles and statistically analyzed ...

Rare mutations of the FOXP2 transcription factor gene cause a monogenic syndrome characterized by impaired speech development and linguistic deficits. Recent genomic investigations indicate that its downstream neural targets make broader impacts on common language impairments, bridging clinically distinct disorders. Moreover, the striking conservation of both FoxP2 sequence and neural expression ...

and acceleration of the solar wind Sunny W. Y. Tam and Tom Chang Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute on the solar wind using a global hybrid model. The model follows the evolution of the particle dis- tributions. This represents the "first results" of global evolutionary study of the solar wind that take into account

An analysis is made of the evolution of a flow of a viscous incompressible liquid from the state of rest in a circular cylindrical pipe with a constant pressure gradient. An expression is obtained which relates the tangential friction stress at an arbitrary point of the flow to the pressure gradient and to the ratio of the mean flow accelerations ...

Accelerating Evolution by Direct Manipulation for Interactive Fashion Design Jong-Ha Lee, Hee the ability of global search to the original operators. We have applied the DM concept to the fashion design interface to a fashion design aid system based on IGA and had some experiments. 2. Fashion design system

In 2001, a point mutation in the forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) coding sequence was identified as the basis of an inherited speech and language disorder suffered by members of the family known as "KE." This mini-symposium review focuses on recent findings and research-in-progress, primarily from five laboratories. Each aims at capitalizing on the FOXP2 discovery ...

We review our recent results on particle acceleration in shocks [1], in reconnection [2] and via wave-particle interactions in microinstabilites [3]. After reviewing the fundamental issues in particle acceleration in the three classes of problems mentioned above, we focus specifically on the interactions of waves and particles during the ...

Given the evolution of aeronautical techniques, human tolerance of acceleration is threatening to become a limiting factor in the use of combat aircraft. Among the many systems and different methods suggested to increase tolerance of longitudinal accelera...

The main objective of this chapter is to provide an overall perspective on the historical evolution of induction accelerator technology, and the applications that motivated its initial development. Understanding the context of these early developments might help the reader appreciate why particular technical approaches were followed in the past, and why ...

In order to account for the observed cosmic acceleration, a modification of the ansatz for the variation of density in Friedman�Robertson�Walker (FRW) FRW models given by Islam is proposed. The modified ansatz leads to an equation of state which corresponds to that of a variable Chaplygin gas, which in the course of evolution reduces to that of a ...

Since acceptance of the 25URC accelerator in 1982, we have continued to develop and improve both the accelerator control system and associated software. In this paper, we describe these improvements and also discuss how our experience with the present system would influence the architecture and design of future, similar systems.

The spectra of high-energy protons and nuclei accelerated by supernova remnant shocks are cal-culated taking into account magnetic field amplification and Alfvenic drift for different types of supernova remnants during their evolution. The maximum energy of accelerated particles may reach 5 � 101 8eV inT ypeIIbSN Rs.T ...

of those offices. The main thrust areas of this project are: � Beam Dynamics (BD): The evolution of beams): Simulate the dynamical friction of ions in relativistic copropagating electron beams to assess are common to beam propagation in cavities and advanced acceleration, electron cooling is needed for heavy

The nonlinear evolutions of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) with preheat is investigated by numerical simulation (NS). A new phase of the spike deceleration evolution in the nonlinear ablative RTI (ARTI) is discovered. It is found that nonlinear evolution of the RTI can be divided into the weakly nonlinear regime (WNR) and the ...

Dramatic evolutionary changes occur in species isolated on islands, but it is not known if the rate of evolution is accelerated on islands relative to the mainland. Based on an extensive review of the literature, I used the fossil record combined with data from living species to test the hypothesis of an accelerated morphological ...

We study the evolution of an accelerating hyperrelativistic shock under the presence of upstream inhomogeneities wrinkling the discontinuity surface. The investigation is conducted by means of numerical simulations using the PLUTO code for astrophysical fluid dynamics. The reliability and robustness of the code are demonstrated against well-known results ...

The MUSE-4 experiment, dedicated to the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) development studies, was achieved in the MASURCA nuclear reactor facility from 2000 to 2004. An external neutron source was introduced in a lead buffer zone located at the centre of the reactor core in order to simulate the spallation source. This paper deals with the GENEPI ...

This paper describes a major new technology supporting the further evolution of accelerators: superconducting radio frequency (SRF) technology, which is today on the verge of large-scale application in accelerators. Originally foreseen in the early 1960s as a promising technology, SRF only recently has overcome several technological ...

We report the observation of Quantum Accelerator Modes (QAM) for cold Rb-87 atoms. Quantum accelerator modes are produced by the diffraction of atomic De Broglie waves. When a standing light wave which acts as a thin phase grating is produced, a group of atoms that have certain initial velocity gets accelerated. The momentum gained by ...

The evolution of the spectrum of particles subjected to stochastic second-order Fermi acceleration is studied, and an explicit solution of the differential equation controlling the particle population is presented in a closed form. The solution exhibits a very fascinating property in that the spectrum progressively flattens toward a power law in energy. ...

, which studies the vocal learning of zebra finches (songbirds) as a way of better understanding human on the songbirds of a mutation in the gene FoxP2, the only gene that has been directly linked to speech deficits

Heterozygous mutations of the human FOXP2 gene cause a developmental disorder involving impaired learning and production of fluent spoken language. Previous investigations of its aetiology have focused on disturbed function of neural circuits involved in motor control. However, Foxp2 expression has been found in ...

We previously discovered that mutations of the human FOXP2 gene cause a monogenic communication disorder, primarily characterized by difficulties in learning to make coordinated sequences of articulatory gestures that underlie speech. Affected people have deficits in expressive and receptive linguistic processing and display structural and/or functional ...

Forkhead-box protein P2 is a transcription factor that has been associated with intriguing aspects of cognitive function in humans, non-human mammals, and song-learning birds. Heterozygous mutations of the human FOXP2 gene cause a monogenic speech and language disorder. Reduced functional dosage of the mouse version ...

Forkhead-box protein P2 is a transcription factor that has been associated with intriguing aspects of cognitive function in humans, non-human mammals, and song-learning birds. Heterozygous mutations of the human FOXP2 gene cause a monogenic speech and language disorder. Reduced functional dosage of the mouse version ...

finch (Taenopygia guttata), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), ruby colubris) (Calypte anna) (Heliangelus viola) (Sayornis phoebe) (Sayornis phoebe) (Melospittacus undulatus viola, AF022675; Sayornis phoebe, AF447614; Melopsittacus undulatus, S46672; Vidua paradisea, VPU18865

, the inheritance of impairment follows the simple pattern of a single-gene disorder, rather than the more complex inherited a single nucleotide change in the gene sequence, which was likely to disrupt the functionFOXP2 in focus: what can genes tell us about speech and language? Gary F. Marcus1 and Simon E

BackgroundSchizophrenia is considered a language related human specific disease. Previous studies have reported evidence of positive selection for schizophrenia-associated genes specific to the human lineage. FOXP2 shows two important features as a convincing candidate gene for schizophrenia vulnerability: FOXP2 is ...

on inves- tigations of a multigenerational pedigree (the KE family) in which all affected members inherited implicated genomic CNTNAP2 variants in autism, a disorder in which communication deficits are accompanied multigenerational pedigree (the KE family) [4]. Approximately half (15 people) of the family members had

humming- bird and rufous-breasted hermit being two ancient species belonging to the only two family-learning birds, and in crocodiles, were less variable in expression and comparable with regions that express FOXP learners might be associated with vocal plasticity. Key words: language; winged-helix/forkhead box

for creation of autonomous robots based on the mechanism of Darwinian evolution. In the conventional evolutionary robotics, the "simulate-andtransfer " method has been adopted. We believe that the most likely candidate methodology in evolutionary robotics for near future is "Situated and Embodied Evolution", in which real robots in real world evolve based ...

Evolution is a multi-level process. Both actual evidence and theoretical considerations suggest as a first generalization that evolution both at single levels and in series of increasingly complex levels decelerates with time. Additional evidence, the expected difference between rapid nonadaptive speciation in small populations and effective adaptation in ...

We have employed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to study the dynamics of shocks in a solar minimum-like corona caused by an erupting coronal mass ejection (CME). Our simulations show that a highly non-trivial evolution of the shock properties on coronal field lines occurs even for simple coronal conditions. By comparing with recent test particle simulations of an ...

Numerical calculations of synchrotron radiation emitted from the NRL modified betatron accelerator show that, for relativistic electron energies up to approximately 2 MeV, the single particle intensity spectrum is characterized by a peak at the Doppler-shifted cyclotron frequency associated with applied toroidal field. Measurements of the radiation using fixed-frequency ...