Modern breast cancer radiotherapy aims to increase uncomplicated cure rates. A priority is reduction of late effects which include chronic chest wall or breast pain, poor cosmesis, and cardiac toxicity. As breast screening detects early cancers we may be able to safely restrict irradiation postlumpectomy to the tumour bed with a margin, defining a 'partial breast' target volume for treatment. ...

... MODELS, NATO, VIBRATION, BRAIN, THREE DIMENSIONAL ... PHYSIOLOGY), IMPACT ACCELERATION, NECK(ANATOMY), CRASH INJURIES. ...

... THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOW, ACCELERATION, BOUNDARIES, BOUNDARY LAYER ... DOWNSTREAM FLOW, FLAT PLATE MODELS, FLOW ...

The development of a three dimensional code calculating the electron beam trajectory in accelerating structure is reported. An electron plasma wave excited to a known amplitude is supposed and the electron acceleration in the field of this wave is analyti...

density, electron temperature, and plasma potential), and the screen grid and accelerator grid voltage. In addition, other factors, such primary electrons ...

... FG and H represent the total acceleration of, work per unit mass and ... where the density is plotted as a function of radius for each particle at time = 48 ...

Accelerated Three-Dimensional Upper Airway MRI Using Compressed Sensing Yoon-Chul Kim,* Shrikanth S). Compressed sensing MRI (CS-MRI) relies only on sparsity of the final reconstructed image in a transform speech production. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the application of compressed sensing (CS) MRI

Purpose: To prospectively study acute rectal and urinary reactions from three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer comparing two hypofractionation regimens with standard fractionation (standard). The hypofractionation regimens were designed to avoid more late reactions in the ...

Results of an extensive study of the modified betatron accelerators are reported. The topics are beam injection, equilibrium and stability. Three-dimensional particle simulations of injections were performed. The results show good agreement with theory. V...

A hypofractionation treatment protocol for prostate cancer was initiated in our department in December 2003. The treatment regimen consists of a total dose of 36.25 Gy delivered at 7.25 Gy per fraction over 10 days. We discuss the rationale for such a prostate hypofractionation protocol and the need for frequent prostate imaging during treatment. The ...

Radiobiological data suggest that prostate cancer has a low {alpha}/{beta} ratio. Large radiotherapy fractions may, therefore, prove more efficacious than standard radiotherapy, while radiotherapy acceleration should further improve control rates. This study describes the radiobiology of a conformal hypofractionated accelerated ...

Uniform three-dimensional ellipsoidal distributions of charge are the ultimate goal in charged particle accelerator physics because of their linear internal force fields. Such bunches remain ellipsoidal with perfectly linear position-momentum phase space correlations in any linear transport system. We present a method, based on photoemission by radially ...

Purpose: To describe the radiation-induced acute rectal toxicity (ART) using a modified Lyman-Kutcher-Burman normal tissue complication probability model and parameters set, taking into account the overall treatment time. Methods and Materials: A total of 160 patients underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to the prostate and seminal vesicles and were randomized to ...

Early breast cancer incidence increases owing to mammography screening. Hypofractionated radiotherapy is more and more proposed in women with low local relapse risk breast cancer, especially accelerated partial breast irradiation. Various irradiation modalities have been reported: brachytherapy, intraoperative irradiation, 3D-conformal ...

Proton beams can provide better dose conformity to the treatment target compared to commonly used photon and electron beams allowing for dose escalation and/or hypofractionation to increase local tumor control, reduce normal tissue complications and/or treatment time/cost. This paper reviews three novel proton accelerator designs that aim at cost-effective ...

The use of three dimensional (3-D) perspective views on flat screens for military command and control tasks is accelerating. The question is when and how to use these displays effectively. We report the results of three experiments to test the hypotheses ...

The basis of this work is the 3-D simulation analysis and assessment of the GMBK design performed with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). A 19-beam hexagonal-packed Multiple Beam Klystron was of interest to SLAC. The emphasis of the project, e...

High precision modeling of space-charge effects is essential for designing future accelerators as well as optimizing the performance of existing machines. Synergia is a high-fidelity parallel beam dynamics simulation package with fully three dimensional s...

A traverse mechanism which allows the measurement of the three dimensional boundary layers on a helicopter rotor blade has been built and tested on a full scale rotor to full scale conditions producing centrifugal accelerations in excess of 400 g and Mach...

The physics and numerical aspects of the development of the computer code QUARTZ are given. This code includes the (1) use of a finite element code to obtain solutions of Poisson's equation in an asymmetric, three-dimensional volume; (2) inclusion of spac...

A finite element method is presented for the dynamic analysis of complex axisymmetric structures subjected to any arbitrary static or dynamic loading or base acceleration. The three dimensional axisymmetric continuum is represented either as axisymmetric ...

Radiotherapy (RT) always requires a compromise between tumor control and normal tissue side-effects. Technical innovation in radiation therapy (RT), such as three dimensional RT, is now established. Concerning prostate cancer (PC), it is reasonable to assume that RT of PC will increase in the future. The combination of small margins, a movable target ...

We discuss simulated photonic crystal structure designs for laser-driven particle acceleration, focusing on three-dimensional planar structures based on the so-called ''woodpile'' lattice. We describe guiding of a speed-of-light accelerating mode by a def...

Purpose: To investigate the tumor control rates in locally advanced head-and-neck cancer using accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Methods and Materials: The data from patients with squamous cell cancer of the larynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, and hypopharynx (International Union Against Cancer Stage II-IV), who received ...

The success of stereotactic radiosurgery has stimulated significant interest in the application of such an approach for the treatment of extracranial tumors. The potential benefits of reduced healthcare costs and improved patient outcomes that could be realized in a high-precision, hypofractionated treatment paradigm are numerous. Image-guidance technologies are eliminating ...

An intense positron microbeam generated by an electron accelerator has been developed for obtaining three-dimensional positron lifetime mappings in a sample to permit visual evaluation of defect distributions. The beam diameter at the sample was 80-100 {mu}m. The counting rate of the positron annihilation {gamma} rays used to measure positron lifetime was ...

The dosimetric consequences of plans optimized using a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) for hypofractionated radiation therapy are evaluated by re-calculating with Monte Carlo (MC). Planning guidelines were in strict accordance with the Canadian BR25 protocol which is similar to the RTOG 0236 and 0618 protocols in patient eligibility and total dose, but has a ...

A mathematically simple spatial difference method has been applied for analysing three-dimensionally, and for illustrating graphically, the process of the development of a flame after the propane-air stoichiometric mixture is ignited. The calculated results show that the mathematical simulation can well express the process of mixture explosion in cylindrical vessels, and can ...

From thirteenth international congress of radiology; Madrid, Spain (15 Oct 1973). Automatic three-dimensional dosimetry in electron beams is a method for either reducing any undesired distortion of the isodose curves or for modifying the usual isodose patterns to match any tumor shape. The term automatic'' is used to mean selfregulating or ...

An efficient numerical scheme for the generation of curvilinear body-fitted coordinate systems in three dimensions is presented. The grid is obtained by the solution of a system of three elliptic partial differential equations. The method is based on the classical SOR scheme with an acceleration of convergence using the multigrid technique. The full approximation scheme has ...

... Accession Number : AD0643165. Title : THREE-DIMENSIONAL HOLOGRAPHY. ... Three-dimensional holography is emphasized. ...

Page 1. 0 TON THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL ... On the Origin and Evolution of Three Dimensional 'inal echnical geport. ...

... MULTIFOCAL THREE DIMENSIONAL BOOTLACE LENSES continuing project. ... MULTIFOCAL THREE DIMENSIONAL BOOTLACE LENSES ...