In the present study we are studying the effects of including carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, and the halocarbons in addition to water vapor in the radiating atmosphere. The study has focused on two principal issues: the effect on the spectral fluxes and cooling rates of carbon dioxide, ozone and the halocarbons at 1990 concentration levels and the change in fluxes and cooling rates as a ...

In the present study we are studying the effects of including carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, and the halocarbons in addition to water vapor in the radiating atmosphere. The study has focused on two principal issues: the effect on the spectral fluxes and ...

... The second contains HF and HC1 as the active species. The radiation transmitted to the top of the atmosphere from these samples is also computed ...

... average of the values for N and 0 in Table 5. Based on the empirical results 23 2 2 of Shaw and Lovell, the qI coefficients derived for HC1 were also ...

Using the HIRACC algorithm, a rapid running line-by-line transmittance code has been developed for a layered atmosphere. In addition, the atmospheric radiance is also calculated assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. The Voigt line shape profile is use...

... equivalent-width, line-by-line LBL) approach foi radiation transport along ... (LBL) basis in that the total radiation from each line is calculated using an ...

A comparison of TOA and surface radiance calculations analogous to those ... database for H2O, CO2, O3, N2O, and version 2.4 of the CKD continuum code. ...

Recently, even the description of the radiation transport in the martian atmosphere at lower altitudes below 50 km, where non-LTE effects are not so important, demands for a further development. The up to now existing LTE radiation transport models have two main foundations. On the one hand, there exists the semiempirical theory basing on laboratory experiments. This theory may be used very ...

A new line-by-line method has been developed to calculate the spectral absorption coefficients of absorption lines with a Voigt line shape in the terrestrial atmosphere. In the method, the Voigt line shape is decomposed into several subfunctions, with even quadratic functions used as subfunctions. This functional form allows for easy estimation of the ...

Two approaches were taken to calculate the photoionization rates for the ionosphere. First, a detailed line-by-line deposition for the range 1 to 1215A was carried out by using experimental or theoretical absorption and ionization cross sections for the atmospheric species. The second approach was to contnact these lines into bands having ...

Relative absorption coefficients have been calculated for the infrared vibration-rotation spectrum of FeO using the smeared-line model. Band-heads occur in the R-branch. Line-by-line calculations show that errors incurred through the use of the just-overl...

This paper deals with the quantitative comparison of modeling IR radiation emitted from the plume of a tactical ballistic missile (TBM) in the boost phase with two different model approaches. IR spectra of the missile plume are calculated both with the high spectral resolution line-by-line radiation model FASCODE 3 (fast atmospheric signature code) using ...

� Updated Code and Line Parameters: to be made public � Spectral Residuals should play a stronger role not satisfactory ....Yet! � Curently working on the CO2 3 spectral region: � Implement P/R line coupling in the CO2 to Investigate Line-by-line Calculations TES : 8 x 5 km Spectral resolution: 0.06 cm-1 Nadir 19:25 UTC SHIS : ~ 2

A detailed study of the vibrational states of Carbon Dioxide in the upper atmosphere was conducted in order to enable the calculation of emission near 2.7 micrometer expected for sunlit conditions. New line-by-line computer codes were used to evaluate the...

This report concerns a method for combining SMS cloud data into VTPR retrievals; the expected differences between radiosonde and VTPR temperature profiles; CO2 atmospheric composition inferred from radiance data and homogeneous and slant path line-by-line...

An accurate line-by-line integral trace gas absorption model is presented in the present article. It is for mid-infrared band and can be used in the study on and application to detecting trace gas (or pollution gas). First of all, two algorithms of trace gas radioactive properties, line-by-line integral method and band model method, were introduced. The ...

A method is presented for efficient generation of spectra using line-by-line approaches. The only approximation is replacing the line shape function with an interpolation procedure, which makes the method independent of the line profile functional form. The resulting computational savings for large number of lines is proportional to the number of frequency points in the ...

... of ultrafast optical waveforms generated via spectral line-by-line pulse shaping under the Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation (O-AWG) program. ...

The CO cooling rate for models of the solar atmosphere using the detailed line-by-line CO opacity in

The classical rule-of-thumb for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is that a uniformly illuminated antenna aperture may allow continuous stripmap imaging to a resolution of half its azimuth dimension. This is applied to classical line-by-line processing as well as mosaicked image patches, that is, a stripmap formed from mosaicked spotlight images; often the more efficient ...

A primary component of the observed recent climate change is the radiative forcing from increased concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs). Effective simulation of anthropogenic climate change by general circulation models (GCMs) is strongly dependent on the accurate representation of radiative processes associated with water vapor, ozone, and LLGHGs. In the context of the increasing ...

A primary component of the observed, recent climate change is the radiative forcing from increased concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs). Effective simulation of anthropogenic climate change by general circulation models (GCMs) is strongly dependent on the accurate representation of radiative processes associated with water vapor, ozone and LLGHGs. In the context of the increasing ...

An inversion algorithm was developed to retrieve stratospheric trace gas distributions from high resolution far infrared limb thermal emission spectral data. The algorithm follows an onion peel approach and employs a non-linear least-square-fit spectral analysis technique. The infrared radiative transfer model used to compute the spectrum is based on full line-by-line and ...

Measurements of up-looking spectral radiances measured during the Convection and Moisture Experiment and down-looking spectral radiances measured at one of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement sites are compared with simulations with use of two different line-by-line models. Simulations are performed in tightly controlled conditions to verify the behavior of the models. ...

This report consists of two parts: (1) progress for the period 9/1/91--3/31/92 and (2) the plan for the remaining period 4/1/92--8/31/92. The project includes two tasks: atmospheric radiation and improvement of climate models to evaluate the climatic effects of radiation changes. The atmospheric radiation task includes four subtasks: (1) Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models ...

The absorption coefficients for deuterated water as measured at 22 deuterium fluoride laser wavelengths are presented for midlatitude summer atmospheric conditions. The hydrogen deuterium oxide vapor was produced from an H2O-D2O liquid mixture. Equilibrium proportions were calculated using previous results. Stronger HDO absorption was observed at the 3.5-4.1 microns DF laser ...

Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas, yet there is still a large uncertainty how would it affect global climate change. It is not well known, for example, whether global warming will initiate an overall moistening or drying of the tropical upper troposphere. Unfortunately, longer term, reliable observations of upper tropospheric humidity [UTH], which has significant control on outgoing ...

The ability of the correlated-k fictitious gas (ckfg) approach to accurately predict radiative transfer in strongly nonhomogeneous media is studied for the case of water vapor absorption lines with Voigt profiles. In the ckfg approach, the real gas is considered as a mixture of fictitious gases, each one characterized by absorption lines with similar transition lower level energies. The ...

... Quadrature Spectral Interferometry," VR Supradeepa, DE Leaird, and AM Weiner, Optical Fiber Communication Conference, San Diego, CA, March ...

Apr 25, 2007 ... required if review/audit of a cardholder activity indicates that established .... Performs manual line-by-line validation if needed ...

We demonstrate a fundamental operation for generating complex waveforms in the optical domain - line-by-line pulse shaping control for optical arbitrary waveform generation (O-AWG). Independent manipulation of the spectral amplitude and phase of individual lines from a mode-locked frequency comb, or spectral line-by-line pulse shaping, leads to synthesis ...

The NEQAIR line-by-line radiation code has been incorporated into the DPLR Navier-Stokes flow solver

... results from this CKD model were compared with results from FASCODE3, a popular and highly accurate line-by-line (LBL) radiation model. ...

This manual describes the use and applications of two FORTRAN programs. This bill comparison program calculates electric bills for specified consumption levels under two sets of rates and then compares them on monthly, seasonal and annual bases. The usage modification program uses price elasticities to estimate the effects on consumption of a new set of rates. After the new ...

Correlated k-distributions have been created to account for the molecular absorption found in the spectral ranges of the five Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite channels. The production of the k-distributions was based upon an exponential-sum fitting of transmissions (ESFT) technique which was applied to reference line-by-line absorptance ...

Adequate spectroscopic information of small to medium size molecules is a vital part for the understanding of processes in plasma physics and astrophysics. The demands for this information vary in terms of resolution/accuracy, completeness and consistence, depending on the task. While for many molecules experimental and/or theoretical data is available, these do not always fit the prerequisites. ...

A new line-by-line non-LTE radiance model based on the GENLN2 radiative transfer code is presented. We describe the non-LTE model implementation and discuss the molecular state vibrational temperature input requirements for studies of the 15-micron nu2 bands of CO2. Two model atmospheres are considered, the U.S. 1976 Standard and a subarctic summer, which show, respectively, ...

Increasing regulatory standards for the limitation of greenhouse gas and other pollutants emissions from industrial facilities require new environmental control strategies and innovative and cost-effective measurements techniques. Elevated flare stacks present a difficult measurement challenge, because it is extremely difficult to determine concentrations in the post-combustion gas of operational ...

The water vapour continuum absorption is an important component of molecular absorption of radiation in atmosphere. However, uncertainty in knowledge of the value of the continuum absorption at present can achieve 100% in different spectral regions leading to an error in flux calculation up to 3 5 W/m2 global mean. This work uses line-by-line ...

A radiative-convective model is developed and used to examine the sensitivity of clear-sky fluxes of IR radiation to changes in sea-surface temperature, atmospheric lapse rates, and relative humidity. The radiative model uses the correlated-k method and includes an improved treatment of the finite-difference approximation in the evaluation of the vertical flux integral. Absorption coefficients are ...

We have developed new techniques that enable characterization of ultrafast optical waveforms generated via spectral line-by-line pulse shaping under the Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation (O-AWG) program. Our approaches simultaneously address a number ...

This paper demonstrates optical arbitrary waveform generation (O-AWG) and its characterization using spectral line-by-line control with high-resolution grating-based pulse shapers. Such integrated capabilities are the enabling techniques for high-fidelity O-AWG.

Full line-by-line spectra are used to simulate CO photolysis experiments and solar nebula chemistry. For the disk, a temperature-dependence of the 'slope' is predicted which may be useful in ruling out some self-shielding models.

A method for efficient generation of spectra using line-by-line approaches is presented. The only approximation is replacing the line shape function with an interpolation procedure, which makes the method independent of the line profile functional form. The computational savings for a large number of lines is proportional to the number of frequency points in the spectral ...

- sion; for other gases, four are interpolated (two air pressures two temperatures) with bilinearA Refined Method of Parameterizing Absorption Coefficients among Multiple Gases Simultaneously from to parameterize line-by-line absorption coefficients for multiple gases simultaneously for use in three

The Continual Intercomparison of Radiation Codes (CIRC) is intended as an evolving and regularly updated permanent reference source for GCM-type radiative transfer (RT) code evaluation that will help in the improvement of radiation parameterizations. CIRC seeks to establish itself as the standard against which code performance is documented in scientific publications and coordinated joint modeling ...

The influence of the expected rise of CO2 content in our atmosphere upon terrestrial temperature is uncertain. A significant increase in temperature could be threatening to certain aspects of terrestrial biology. On the other hand, it is a general consensus among paleobiologists that the Earth possessed a CO2 atmosphere in the past billion years, without dramatic temperature variations endangering ...

This report consists of two parts: (1) progress for the period 9/1/91--3/31/92 and (2) the plan for the remaining period 4/1/92--8/31/92. The project includes two tasks: atmospheric radiation and improvement of climate models to evaluate the climatic effects of radiation changes. The atmospheric radiation task includes four subtasks: (1) Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models ...

The impact of high-order moments on the statistical modeling of transition arrays in complex spectra is studied. It is shown that a departure from the Gaussian, which is usually employed in such an approach, may be observed even in the shape of unresolved spectra due to the large value of the kurtosis coefficient. The use of a Gaussian shape may also overestimate the width of the spectra in some ...

An accurate line-by-line model is used to evaluate effects of absorption in the Schumann-Runge bands of O2 on transmission of UV radiation. The model is used to evaluate rates of photolysis for N2O, CFCl3, and CF2Cl2, and to infer global loss rates and instantaneous lifetimes appropriate for 1980. A parameterized version of the line-by-line model enabling rapid evaluation of ...

To promote better modeling of brown dwarf stars and exosolar planets, some 10,000 line intensities of methane are being measured between 4800 and 9100 cm-1. Intensities are being retrieved line-by-line from laboratory spectra recorded at 0.01 and 0.02 cm-1 resolution using the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory located at Kitt Peak. ...

... Title : A TECHNIQUE FOR THE CALCULATION OF ACCELERATION WAVES IN NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS. ...

The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) offers the opportunity to explore the near surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over an extended region of the Martian surface. The atmospheric boundary layer plays an important role in the general circulation and the local atmospheric dynamics of Mars. In both cases, the ABL controls the coupling of the ...

... Title : CALCULATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ACCELERATING SYSTEM FOR A LINEAR ACCELERATOR WITH INTENSIVE FOCUSING. ...

... waveforms generated via spectral line-by-line pulse shaping ... 2(B,D) show time-domain intensity waveforms corresponding to the frequency offsets. ...

High-fidelity line-by-line spectral shaping has been applied to more than 100 phase-stable optical frequency-comb components. This represents a significant step towards optical arbitrary waveform generation and control.

An accurate line-by-line model is used to evaluate effects of absorption in the Schumann-Runge bands

...which the records are stored. (f) Search refers to the time spent looking...possible. For example, employees shall not search line-by-line when merely duplicating...form of paper copy, microform, audio-visual materials, electronic formats...

The accuracy of radiation models is a critical issue in climate studies. However, calculations from different radiation models used in climate calculations disagree with one another, and with more detailed models, at levels significant to many climate problems. With several new advances in the field of radiation modeling, it is possible to develop more ...

We introduce a novel scheme for dynamic line-by-line pulse shaping with GHz update rates. Four lines of an optical frequency comb source are used to injection-lock four individual VCSEL, which are subsequently electrically modulated at 0.4 to 1 GHz through current modulation. This concept could be considered a completely new way of pulse shaping as the light is not simply ...

Infrared radiative excitation in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) regions of the Earth's atmosphere for the V(sub 3) mode vibrationally excited states of CO2 under sunlit conditions and the resulting 4.3-microns limb radiance are calculated using a line-by-line (LBL) radiative transfer model. Excited-state popluation densities and the corresponding vibrational ...

An evaluation of two different atmospheric transmittance models is performed by using radiance data from the high-resolution infraRed Sounder (HIRS) instrument onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's NOAA-9 satellite and the airborne high-resolution interferometer sounder (HIS) instrument. Synthetic radiances have been derived from collocated radiosondes by using the ...

Motivated by several observations of the degree of linear polarization of skylight in the oxygen A (O(2)A) band that do not yet have a quantitative explanation, we analyze the influence of aerosol altitude, microphysics, and optical thickness on the degree of linear polarization of the zenith skylight in the spectral region of the O(2)A band, between 755 to 775 nm. It is shown that the degree of ...

Calculations regarding trapping, retention, transfer, and acceleration of charged particles in earth

Testing MODTRATM5 (MOD5) capabilities against NASA satellite state-of-the-art radiance and irradiance measurements has recently been undertaken. New solar data have been acquired from the SORCE satellite team, providing measurements of variability over solar rotation cycles, plus an ultra-narrow calculation for a new solar source irradiance, extending over the full MOD5 ...

The direct radiative forcing of 65 chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, halons, iodoalkanes, chloroalkanes, bromoalkanes, perfluorocarbons and nonmethane hydrocarbons has been evaluated using a consistent set of infrared absorption cross sections. For the radiative transfer models, both line-by-line and random band model ...

A recent intercomparison study of solar radiative transfer models has revealed a notable difference (5%) in the total spectrum column absorptance, for a specified clear-sky atmospheric profile, between two principal line-by-line benchmark results (namely, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and the Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. models). We resolve ...

An approach based on the self-consistent-field (SCF) multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) model is developed to simulate radiative opacity of hot and solid-dense plasmas taking detailed levels into account. The correlation effects and the angular momentum coupling among the bound electrons are treated in the usual way employed in a normal MCDF method. Influences of plasma screening on transition ...

We present an analysis of seven primary transit observations of the hot Neptune GJ436b at 3.6, 4.5, and 8 ?m obtained with the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope. After correcting for systematic effects, we fitted the light curves using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique. Combining these new data with the EPOXI, Hubble Space Telescope, and ground-based V, I, H, and Ks ...

A fast narrowband transmittance model, referred to as the Fast Fitting Transmittance Model (FFTM), is developed based on rigorous line-by- line (LBL) calculations. Specifically, monochromatic transmittances are first computed from a LBL model in a spectral region from 1 to 25000 cm-1 for various pressures and temperatures ranging from ...

What will be discussed in this report represents a framework upon which multiphase and other real physical effects can be built. Chemical models of increasing complexity are envisioned and this methodology can provide a tool for evaluating new ideas against known experimental data. The recent work to be reported here addresses the multiphase issue of temperature deviation between phases undergoing ...

Mar 4, 2011 ... The acceleration used in calculating the mass is actually a calculated average acceleration with regression analysis. ...

The Integrated Program Office (IPO) developed and supports high-altitude aircraft flights of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounding Testbed (NAST) as part of risk mitigation activities for future NPOESS sensors. The NAST-Interferometer (NAST-I) is a high spectral and spatial resolution (0.25 cm-1 and 0.13 km nadir footprint per km of ...

Radiative processes strongly effect equilibrium trace gas concentrations both directly, through photolysis reactions, and indirectly through temperature and transport processes. As part of our continuing radiative submodel development and validation, we have used the LLNL 2-D chemical-radiative-transport (CRT) model to investigate the net sensitivity of equilibrium ozone concentrations to several ...

The diurnal cycle in the temperature and wind speed of the Mars Pathfinder lander (MPF) is compared with the results from a one-dimensional high-solution boundary-layer model. The radiation scheme of the model has been validated against line-by-line calculations in an average Martian case. The agreement with MPF observations is good. Strong daytime ...

The vertical distribution of the ozone in the troposphere and the lower and middle stratosphere has been retrieved from a series 0.005-0.013 cm-1 resolution infrared solar spectra recorded with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. The analysis is based on a multilayer line-by-line forward model and a semiempirical version of ...

We present a detailed analysis of the dayside atmosphere of the hot-Neptune GJ 436b, based on recent Spitzer observations. We report statistical constraints on the thermal and chemical properties of the planetary atmosphere, study correlations between the various molecular species, and discuss scenarios of equilibrium and non-equilibrium chemistry in GJ 436b. We model the atmosphere with a ...

The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer AERI system measures infrared downwelling radiances at one wavenumber resolution from 3-20 mu m with better than 10-minute temporal resolution The robust and fully automated AERI instruments are monitored in the field via the Internet in near real-time The AERI absolute radiometric accuracy is better than 1 of ambient radiance The calibrated AERI ...

Implementation of radiative transfer budgets for well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs) is crucial to development of adequate global climate data produced by atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). Both line-by-line (LBL) codes and parameterized models are used. The LBL codes are frequently avoided due to complexity, running time, and memory constraints. Since ...

The atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI) measures the absolute infrared (IR) spectral radiance (watts per square meter per steradian per wavenumber) of the sky directly above the instrument. The spectral measurement range of the instrument is 3300 to 520 wavenumbers (cm-1) or 3-19.2 microns for the normal-range instruments and 3300 to 400 cm-1 or 3-25 microns, for the extended-range ...

Radiative processes strongly effect equilibrium trace gas concentrations both directly, through photolysis reactions, and indirectly through temperature and transport processes. We have used the LLNL 2-D chemical-radiative-transport model to investigate the net sensitivity of equilibrium ozone concentrations to several changes in radiative forcing. Doubling CO/sub 2/ from 300 ppmv to 600 ppmv ...

A new correlated-k algorithm has recently been incorporated into SAMM-2, the Air Force Research Laboratory background radiance and transmission code. SAMM-2 incorporates all of the major components necessary for background scene generation at all altitudes: atmospheric characterization, solar irradiance, molecular chemical kinetics and molecular spectroscopic data. The underlying physical models ...

... Accession Number : AD0633215. Title : AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR THE CALCULATION OF VELOCITY-ACCELERATION PERIODOGRAMS. ...

The energy spectra of solar flare ions are calculated by assuming that the process which accelerates

The results of various calculations pertaining to the linear accelerator are summarized. Space charge effects are ignored. (W.D.M.)

A ball moves across the screen with constant acceleration and in a curved path. The learner is to calculate acceleration and velocity using the timer and cursor.

... Abstract : Analytical and numerical calculations are presented for a reflexing electron beam type of collective ion accelerator. ...

For the first time, to our knowledge, radio-frequency arbitrary waveforms are time-multiplexed within 100 ps by integrating wavelength switching, optical frequency comb generation, and spectral line-by-line shaping. The novel time-multiplexed scheme demonstrated here can be extended to wide user specifications and faster waveform transition time. PMID:18026267

Two k distribution models for approximation of infrared radiation transmission for clear atmospheres to 50 km height are discussed. Line-by-line models whose accuracy is also discussed were used for the development and evaluation of the quality of approxi...

The main research effort at AER on this project has been focused on the development of a rapid line-by-line multiple scattering code for availability to ARM in the September 1991 time frame. The first phase of the effort has been to consider the many appr...

We demonstrate the first application of linear spectrogram methods based on electro-optic phase modulation to characterize optical arbitrary waveforms generated under spectral line-by-line control. This approach offers both superior sensitivity and self-referencing capability for retrieval of periodic high repetition rate optical arbitrary waveforms.

Heat exchange that occurs between materials with largely differing thermal conductivities is commonly encountered in engineering practice.Conventional iterative solution methods perform poorly for the numerical solution for such problems. Results for computations for test problems indicate that the proposed solution procedure enables efficient solution of heat transfer problems with large ...

Optical arbitrary waveform generation using the line-by-line pulse shaping technique has been shown to be sensitive to variations in the offset frequency of the input frequency comb due to time-domain waveform interference. Here we present a frequency-dom...

Line-by-line abundances for FeI and FeII lines used to estimate metallicity and gravity for the program stars. The first column lists the star name, then the ion (FeI or FeII) The the wavelength in nm, the loggf, the measured EW (pm) and the derived abundance assuming the four stellar parameter sets used in the article, respectively 3D, BA, ALI and IRFM. (3 data files).

exchange and to promote collaborations among the science teams for achieving the ..... systems and network software. The square brackets [ ] enclose optional .... PI_CONTACT_INFO: Phone number, mailing address, and email address and/or fax ..... line-by-line, value-by-value, and in some cases letter-by-letter. ...

We report the synthesis of a user-specified, shaped ultrafast pulse train by manipulating the spectral phases of Raman sidebands with a wide frequency spacing line-by-line. Trains of rectangular and triangular pulses are stably produced at an ultrahigh repetition rate of 10.6229 THz, reminiscent of an ultrafast function generator.

First the acceleration on the inclined plane is calculated. Then we view the friction force and the artificial acceleration. We see different cases. There is an english and a german edition.

An infrared radiative code has been developed and applied to studies of the steady state energy balance of the atmosphere. The model utilizes the correlated-k method to carry out spectral integrations and includes an improved treatment of the finite-difference approximation to the vertical radiative flux integral. Absorption coefficients are calculated directly from archived ...

An infrared radiative code has been developed and applied to studies of the steady state energy balance of the atmosphere. The model utilizes the correlated-k method to carry out spectral integrations and includes an improved treatment of the finite-difference approximation to the vertical radiative flux integral. Absorption coefficients are calculated directly from archived ...

Kinematic calculations were carried out for the secondary particles produced by a 300-Bev proton accelerator. Results are presented graphically. (J.R.D.)

An inversion algorithm has been developed to retrieve stratospheric trace gas distributions from high resolution far infrared limb thermal emission spectral data. The algorithm follows an onion peel approach and employs a non-linear least-square-fit spectral analysis technique. The infrared radiative transfer model used to compute the spectrum is based on full line-by-line and ...

In recent years, much debate has surrounded phenomena such as the depletion of the ozone layer and the onset of greenhouse warming, which have occurred due to the changing concentrations of various constituents in the earth's atmosphere. The influx into the middle atmosphere of unnatural quantities of trace gases such as carbon dioxide and methane is likely to affect global climate both adversely ...

Available from UMI in association with The British Library. Requires signed TDF. In recent years, much debate has surrounded phenomena such as the depletion of the ozone layer and the onset of greenhouse warming, which have occurred due to the changing concentrations of various constituents in the earth's atmosphere. The influx into the middle atmosphere of unnatural quantities of trace gases such ...

An efficient method for calculating unsteady flows is presented, with emphasis on a modified version

... This information is then used to calculate the distance vs. ... retains the full use of the thermodynamic database of the original code thus permitting ...

... Accession Number : ADA098961. Title : Calculation and Study of the Core and Inductor Characteristics of a Linear Induction Accelerator,. ...

... Title : A New Method of Calculating the Vertical Derivatives of the Earth's Acceleration (Novyi Method Obchyslennya Vertykalnykh Podhidnykh ...

The technique and the results of calculation of parameters of the azimuthally homogeneous E type oscillations and topology of electromagnetic fields in the accelerating system module of the accelerating storage complex (ASC) are considered. The module con...

In a series of previous papers, calculated results obtained using a one-dimensional ballistic model were presented to aid in the design of a prebuncher for the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator. As part of this work, a model was developed to provide l...

The results of calculating the effect of spread of some static and dynamic characteristics of 50 NP permalloy, of which the main accelerating elements of the linear induction accelerator are made, are described briefly. When making accelerating sections o...

Determination of homogeneity ( delta E) of particle beam accelerated in an electrostatic accelerator of Van de Graaff type is described. This value was calculated by measuring yield of gamma -quanta for resonance reactions of (p, gamma ) and (p, alpha gam...

Calculations are performed in a kinematic single-particle approximation to describe the beam emittance for the I-100 and MEGAN accelerators.(AIP)

The development of a three dimensional code calculating the electron beam trajectory in accelerating structure is reported. An electron plasma wave excited to a known amplitude is supposed and the electron acceleration in the field of this wave is analyti...

The acceleration efficiency of a laser driven linear accelerator is analyzed. The laser power, loss factor and impedances determine the maximum charge that can be accelerated and the efficiency of that acceleration. The accelerator structure can be incorporated into a laser cavity. The equation ...

The opportunity to insert state-of-the-art solar irradiance measurements and calculations, with subtle perturbations, into a narrow spectral resolution radiative transfer model has recently been facilitated through release of MODTRAN-5 (MOD5). The new solar data are from: (1) SORCE satellite measurements of solar variability over solar rotation cycle, & (2) ultra-narrow ...

Pulse-shaping techniques, in which user-specified, ultrashort-pulse fields are synthesized by means of parallel manipulation of optical Fourier components, have now been widely adopted. Mode-locked lasers producing combs of frequency-stabilized spectral lines have resulted in revolutionary advances in frequency metrology. However, until recently, pulse shapers addressed spectral lines in groups, ...

Focus group data was collected from 28 substance abuse treatment counselors employed in rural and urban areas to examine their perceptions of factors influencing treatment outcomes. The influence of the counselor characteristics (i.e., education, experience, and recovery status) on client outcomes and geographic differences are explored. Focus group data was analyzed by three raters using ...

The purpose of this qualitative study was to broaden the context for understanding nurses' professional concerns as voiced through letters to the editor of the American Journal of Nursing from 1900 to 2005. Two issues from each year were randomly selected. Line-by-line analysis was used to code, categorize, and analyze the data. The following five themes emerged: self-care ...

Measurements of iron-plasma transmission at 156�6eV electron temperature and 6.9�1.7�1021cm-3 electron density are reported over the 800 1800 eV photon energy range. The temperature is more than twice that in prior experiments, permitting the first direct experimental tests of absorption features critical for understanding solar interior radiation transport. Detailed ...

Measurements of iron-plasma transmission at 156{+-}6 eV electron temperature and 6.9{+-}1.7x10{sup 21} cm{sup -3} electron density are reported over the 800-1800 eV photon energy range. The temperature is more than twice that in prior experiments, permitting the first direct experimental tests of absorption features critical for understanding solar interior radiation transport. Detailed ...

We experimentally demonstrate a dynamic line-by-line optical arbitrary waveform generation technique capable of generating continuous and bandwidth scalable high-fidelity waveforms without update rate limitations. Two quadrature modulators are used to create up to three spectral slices that are coherently combined by a passband-shaped multiplexer into a single contiguous ...

The main research effort at AER on this project has been focused on the development of a rapid line-by-line multiple scattering code for availability to ARM in the September 1991 time frame. The first phase of the effort has been to consider the many approaches that have been developed to treat the multiple scattering problem. One of the important decisions that had to be ...

The dynamics of the ions and neutral particles of a multicomponent plasma in an accelerator with closed electron drift orbits and an extended acceleration zone is analyzed in the kinetic approximation. Reactions induced by electron impact are taken into account. The electron temperature is calculated in the hydrodynamic approximation. ...

The two ways in which Monte Carlo computer calculations may be accelerated are discussed. The two types of acceleration, each of which may be considered independent of the other, are called subroutine acceleration and convergence acceleration. Subroutine ...

A method is developed for calculating the quantum radiation from accelerated bodies with a mirror boundary. Expressions are derived for G and Gren for a scalar field in the radiation zone.

Electron and laser beam interaction in the field of a profiled ondulator is theoretically calculated. Electron capture in the acceleration regime is shown to take place when complying with the conditions of interaction synchronism. Expressions for acceler...

position, velocity, and acceleration vectors of a fixed tracking station on ..... Melchior (1966) calculated the rectangular components of the acceleration ...

Method for calculating stress due to acceleration loading: 1) Part has been designed by FEA and hand

The perspectives are discussed of the measurements for the charge radii and nuclear moments by the laser resonance spectroscopy methods on the beams of the accelerated radioactive nuclei. The calculations are performed of the isotopic shifts and hyperfine...

In this activity students will learn to calculate the speed and acceleration of an object using tornado tubes and determine if mass affects the speed of the object.

This report considers the use of a diffraction grating as an accelerating structure for charged particle beams. We examine the functional dependence of the electromagnetic fields above the surface of a grating. Calculations are made of the strength of the...

The velocity of a small projectile accelerated by a plane layer of explosive is calculated for three cases: the explosive is bounded on both faces by voids and the projectile is either ahead of or behind the slab, and the explosive is bounded by void in f...

Acceleration coeffficients to be taken into account in seismic areas for calculation of structures are defined in national seismic regulations. Joined to the described qualitative requirements, these coefficients represent a balance between precaution cos...

A SLIM formalism to deal with a general, linearly coupled accelerator lattice is summarized. Its application to a wide range of accelerator calculations is emphasized.

... Z axis Neck Torque X, Y axes ... Head Unear Acceleration Head linear accelerations were used to calculate GSI and HIC values for brain injury. ...

Students make a wheel and axle out of cardboard and a wooden dowel. It is rooled along a ramp made of parallel meter sticks, and the acceleration can be made small enough to make accurate measurements and calculations.

This report discusses the following topics: electron synchrotrons; proton ion sources and linac R D; and accelerator theory and electromagnetic field calculations. (LSP)

A fundamental theorem on particle acceleration is derived from the reciprocity principle of electromagnetism and a rigorous proof of the theorem is presented. The theorem establishes a relation between acceleration and radiation, which is particularly useful for insightful understanding of and practical calculation about the first ...

This thesis examines the modeling of the shock-layer radiative heating associated with hypersonic vehicles entering the atmospheres of Earth and Titan. For Earth entry, flight conditions characteristic of lunar-return are considered, while for Titan entry, the Huygens probe trajectory is considered. For both cases, the stagnation region flowfield is modeled using a two-temperature chemical ...

Accelerating sections for linear electron accelerators are considered which employ standing waves and are fabricated from multiperiodic structures. Analytic expressions are derived for calculating the cell parameters for doubly and triply periodic accelerating structures, and a method is proposed for adjusting ...

We report here on software that performs line-by-line spectroscopic simulations on gases. Elaborate models (such as narrow band and correlated-K) are accurate and efficient for bands where various components are not simultaneously and significantly active. Line-by-line is probably the most accurate model in the infrared for blends of gases that contain ...

This paper presents the results of a calculation of 197Au32+ ion beam losses as they interact with atoms and molecules of residual gas in the acceleration chamber of the booster vacuum system of the NICA accelerator complex [1].

The disk-and-washer (DAW) accelerator structure is being developed for several applications. Because of its complicated geometry and newness, vacuum calculations for the DAW accelerator structure are not yet formalized. The applicable vacuum equations for...

S>Thesis. After a description of the functioning of a linear accelerator, the equations for the movement of an electron and positron beam and the rate of formation of positrons are given. By varying the various focusing and acceleration parameters the maximum efficiency is calculated. (tr-auth)

For the new, high-power accelerators currently being designed, the amount of activation of the accelerator structure has become an important issue. To quantify this activation, a methodology was utilized that coupled transport and depletion codes to obtai...

A method is described and studied according to which the accelerator can self-correct the disadvantages of the saturation effects arising from the use of iron sheets in its construction. According to this method a winding put on the accelerator feeds a saturable reactance of relatively small size, specially calculated. (auth)

Accelerator-driven systems for fissile materials production have been proposed and studied since the early 1950s. Recent advances in beam power levels for small accelerators have raised the possibility that such use could be feasible for a potential proli...

The calculation technique of the vacuum parameters of the synchrotron constant-charge heavy ion accelerators is developed. Non-elastic interaction cross sections of the residual gas medium atoms with the accelerated ions are given. Simple and practically ...

Benchmark problems were prepared for evaluating the calculation codes and the nuclear data for accelerator shielding design by the Accelerator Shielding Working Group of the Research Committee on Reactor Physics in JAERI. Four benchmark problems are trans...

Presents an experiment that measures the acceleration and velocity of a model rocket. Lift-off information is transmitted to a computer that creates a graph of the velocity. Discusses the analysis of the computer-generated data and differences between calculated and experimental velocity and acceleration of several rocket types. (MDH)

This activity is a lab investigation where students observe, record, and gather data on the speed, acceleration, constant speed, and average speed of toy cars. This activity allows for futher investigation of speed, time, and distance of objects to calculate speed and acceleration.

This report discusses: accelerators; radiation; radiation from accelerator operations; calculation and control of radiation from accelerator operations; radiation considerations in the design of the SSC; and reporting requirements and historical records.

A virtual cathode collective acceleration configuration is examined for use as a pulsed, intense ion injector. Numerical calculations of the collective acceleration have shown peak ion energies of several times that of the electron beam energy. This is co...

The electro-magnetic radiation of a charged particle passing through a dielectric structure has many applications to accelerator physics. Recently a new acceleration scheme, called the dielectric wake field accelerator, has been proposed. It also can be u...

The desirable features of an ion beam extraction and acceleration modeling code are outlined, and features of the BEAM (Beam Extraction and Acceleration Modeling) code are described. Examples of typical calculations are given and plans for future development are presented. 16 refs.

For calculating secondary radiation fields of heavy ion accelerators it is necessary to know the heavy ion fusion reaction cross sections. The calculations are based on the static fusion model according to Schmidt. The critical values and calculating para...

For many reasons it is desirable to develop a ''stand-alone'' means of carrying out preliminary calculations in the various accelerator design fields. Work is in progress to allow the use of modified or subset versions of several well-known and widely use...

A method is described for the calculation of aerodynamic loads on a horizontal axis wind turbine rotor. The method is based upon acceleration potential theory. An approximate solution of the boundary value problem has been obtained using a matched asympto...

The method for calculation of normal modes of black holes has been extended to a rotating charged and uniformly accelerated frame. The method not only extends the earlier methods in the case of black holes but also provides a way to calculate the normal m...

Kinetic calculations were made to show that subcritical accelerator driven devices are robust and stable. The calculations show that large changes in reactivity that would lead to an uncontrollable excursion in a reactor would lead only to a new power lev...

By means of the equivalent charge method electrostatical field of some elements of injecting system in the collective accelerator of heavy ions - inflector and corrector - was calculated. It is shown that by some variation of the elcctrode geometry, elect...

Shielding design calculations for high energy electron accelerators are usually carried out using the point kernel method based on a point source assumption. In order to achieve more realistic and reasonable shielding design of SPring-8, we derive a formu...

This paper presents results from simulations of beam losses during the operation of a superconducting accelerator. The calculations use a combination of hadron/electromagnetic cascade plus elastic scattering codes with accelerator tracking routines. These calculations have been used in conjunction with the design ...

The aim of this study was to develop algorithms for simulation of DRR calculation for different accelerator voltages, We also developed a number of useful tools for an application of DRRs in modern brachytherapy treatment planning.

GEISA (Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmosph�riques: Management and Study of Spectroscopic Information)[1] is a computer-accessible spectroscopic database system, designed to facilitate accurate forward planetary radiative transfer calculations using a line-by-line and layer-by-layer approach. It was initiated in 1976. Currently, GEISA is involved in ...

Molecular FeH provides a large number of sharp and isolated absorption lines that can be used to measure radial velocity, rotation, or magnetic field strength with high accuracy. Our aim is to provide an FeH atlas for M-type stars in the spectral region from 986 nm to 1077 nm (Wing-Ford band). To identify these lines in CRIRES spectra of the magnetically inactive, slowly rotating, M5.5 dwarf ...

The FLUKA Monte Carlo program was used to calculate the dose equivalent behind a homogeneous concrete shielding for primary energies between 10 and 800 given.

A large-area electron accelerator based on filament cathodes that operates in a continuous mode is described. The results of calculations of electron-optical systems of triode- and tetrode-type accelerators in accordance with the proposed engineering approach are considered, and experimental and calculated ...

The theory of depolarization in circular accelerators is presented. The spin equation is first expressed in terms of the particle orbit and then converted to the equivalent spinor equation. The spinor equation is then solved for three different situations: (1) a beam on a flat top near a resonance, (2) uniform acceleration through an isolated resonance, ...

Proton orbits are calculated in the electromagnetic vacuum field of a magnetic point dipole rotating

The secondary to primary ratio in galactic cosmic radiation at relativistic momenta is calculated in

A rough calculation of the expected levels of radiation for the present shielding is made. (auth)

In the vaporization calculations, the acoustic oscillations affect the drop acceleration and heat and mass transfer processes by giving the drop ...

... The electron gun impedance cannot be calculated at this time. Descriptors : *ELECTRON GUNS, *ELECTRON ACCELERATORS ...