... (Author). Descriptors : *HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM, *RADIATION EFFECTS, RECOVERY, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, RADIATION DOSAGE ...

Accelerated post-irradiation recovery of hematopoietic marrow has been reported following treatment with lithium (Li) or vincristine (VcR). Because these two agents appear to exert their effects on different, albeit overlapping, hematopoietic populations, it was felt that combining them might lead to a wider spectrum of enhanced ...

The present investigation is a continuation of efforts to characterize the radioprotective potential of priming with vincristine (VcR). In this study, the postirradiation recovery kinetics of the marrow's hematopoietic stem cell, progenitor cell, and stromal cell compartments were monitored following exposure to a range of sublethal radiation ...

Administration of esters of certain unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., methyl oleate, and methyl stearate, within an hour following whole-body x irradiation of male mice at 625 rSTALD/sub 50/(3O)!, accelerated the rate of cellular regeneration in the testes of these animals when compared with the untreated x-irradiated ones, on the 30th day ...

Experiments on mice-hybrids F1(CBA x C57B1/6) have detected a favorable effect of the associated application of quercetin (30-60 minutes before y-exposure of an animal) and a radioprotectant of urgent action indralin (in the case of its application after y-exposure) on a post-irradiation repair of the hematopoietic tissue in acute radiation sickness after y-exposure at a ...

... 5 Figure 2. Effect of endotoxin therapy postirradiation on granulocytes in dogs ..... ... increase production of granulocytes in the dog. ...

Whole-body x irradiation of male Swiss mice at a single exposure of 625 r (LD/sub 50/30/) decreased the fertility rate and significantly lowered the number of progeny in litters obtained by mating x irradiated males with nonirradiated females 1 to 45 days after irradiation. At this dose level, x- irradiated males recovered in their fertility rate, as judged from their litter size ...

Administration of olive oil within an hour before or after whole-body x irradiation of male mlce at 625 r significantly increased the survival-rate when compared with irradiated untreated mice. The effects of irradiation on bone- marrow, spleen, and thymus of irradiated, and oil-treated irradiated, male mice at different timeintervals after irradiation have been studied. Olive-oil ...

It was previously demonstrated, by means of fixed tissue sections, that cell-free spleen extracts are capable of accelerating the general radiation recovery of spleen and bone marrow. For quantitation of various bone marrow cell types, further work using smear preparations rather than sections was conducted. The results showed ...

Megakaryocytic recovery was studied on the 9th postirradiation day in spleen-extract-treated guinea-pigs and in saline controls following 650 r (LD/sub 75/20/) whole-body Co/sup 60/ gamma radiation. An accelerated regeneration of these cells was found in the extract-treated group. Centers of active megakaryocytic regeneration ...

Qualitative and quantitative histological snd histochemical evidence is presented which indicates that cell-free saline spleen extracts modify radiation induced changes in the spleen and bone rnarrow of guinea pigs following exposure to an LD/sub 75///sub 20/ of Cow gamma radiation. Post-irradiation treatment with homologous or heterologous (mouse) spleen extract ...

Radioinduced histological changes were studied in the spleen and bone marrow of guinea pigs that were exposed to the LD/sub 75/20/ (650 r) of Co/sup 60/ gamma radiation and had received homologous or heterologous cell-free spleen extracts after irradiation. In both organs, postirradiation treatment with the spleen extracts accelerated the ...

The primary cause of death after radiation exposure is infection resulting from myelosuppression. Because granulocytes play a critical role in host defense against infection and because granulocyte proliferation and differentiation are enhanced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), this agent was evaluated for the ability to accelerate hemopoietic regeneration and ...

... in tissue mast cells 1211, mined on days 14 and 17 during the postirradiation recovery abnormalities in ... Therapy-Stem cells-Stem cell factor ...

... recovery is not obtained until the 5th postirradiation day for the Ihigher radiation doses, and for rats exposed for the 2nd time to 250 rads x ray, this ...

... This recovery indicates that lymphocytic cells probably could not give rise to the other two cell types (function as a stem cell) through a ...

Medications that can mitigate against radiation injury are limited. In this study, we investigated the ability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to mitigate against radiation injury in mice and nonhuman primates. BALB/c mice were irradiated with 7.5 Gy and treated post-irradiation with rhGH intravenously at a once daily dose of 20 microg/dose for 35 days. rhGH ...

Medications that can mitigate against radiation injury are limited. In this study, we investigated the ability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to mitigate against radiation injury in mice and nonhuman primates. BALB/c mice were irradiated with 7.5 Gy and treated post-irradiation with rhGH intravenously at a once daily dose of 20 �g/dose for 35 days. rhGH protected ...

The administering of oxytetracycline, vitamin B/sub 12/, and folic acid is efficient in the recovery from postirradiation leucopenia in whole-body irradiated chicks. Oxytetracycline and vitamin B/sub 12/ combined influenced especially the number of heterophils, and the addition of folic acid resulted in a significant rise of the absolute ...

Six- to eight-week-old male Swiss albino mice were exposed to 1000 R of ..gamma.. radiation from a Cobalt-60 source 30 min after a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg body wt of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG). The crypt cells were studied quantitatively at postirradiation intervals of 3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h and 5, 7, 14, and 28 days. Three parameters, namely, the ...

The experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that, in hypertransfused dogs with suppressed erythropoiesis, endotoxin-induced increased muelopoietic stimulation 24 hours after irradiation would enhance leukocytic recovery. The treatment combination o...

This work extends a previous study on ionoluminescence of a radiation-hard ceramic scintillator, Al2O3:Cr, to ions accelerated to keV energies [K. J. McCarthy et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 321, 78 (2003)]. It is motivated by the identification of this material as a promising candidate for use in the fast-ion-loss detector for ITER [for the range of thermal (low energy) and ...

Based on murine survival studies, endogeneous hemopoietic spleen colony formation (E-CFU), and recovery of bone marrow and splenic granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells(GM-CFC), it was demonstrated that the postirradiation administration of glucan, an immunomodulator and hemopoietic stimulant, enhances the radioprotective effects of WR-2721. These ...

Irradiation capsule HRB-21 is a test capsule designed to provide Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) coated particle fuel performance data under test reactor conditions representative of normal MHTGR operation. The irradiated fuel will also be used for postirradiation heating in a controlled atmosphere allowing acquisition of fission product release data at ...

The CO effect in relation to chromosomal aberration production in oxygen is operative on the recovery mechanism since immediate postirradiative treatment with CO yielded the same number of aberrations as irradiative treatment. As determined by the CO effect, all rejoining, as far as two-hit aberrations are concerned, was completed within ten ...

The postirradiation recovery of the myeloid system of normal and hypoxia pretreated mice was studied by quantitative means. In contrast to normal mice, the myeloid system of which recovered with a rise-fall-rise pattern, the hupoxia pretreated irradiated mice showed a sustained recovery with an earlier return of cell numbers ...

Considerable interest has been generated in more extensive applications of radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) systems. This raises questions concerning the availability of exp 238 Pu to supply an expanding demand. The development of much of this ...

The response of erythropoietic stem cells in postirradiated polycythemic dogs to 300 units of administered exogenous erythropoietin was measured. One week prior to irradiation the dogs were made polycythemic by transfused allogeneic erythrocytes. The dogs...

A perspective picture of radiation mutagenesis, the sequence of events which leads from the absorption of radiation to the eventual recovery of mutants, is presented. A model of the mechanism of mutational events in microorganisms modifiable by postirradiation treatments is proposed and applied to the interpretation of the differences in mutation rate at ...

In an attempt to elucidate mechanisms underlying the irradiation-induced decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in primates, hippocampal and visual cortical blood flows of rhesus monkeys were measured by hydrogen clearance, before and after exposure to 100 Gy, whole-body, gamma irradiation. Systemic blood pressures were monitored simultaneously. Systemic arterial plasma histamine and ...

The primary cause of death after radiation exposure is infection resulting from myelosuppression. Because granulocytes play a critical role in host defense against infection and because granulocyte proliferation and differentiation are enhanced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), this agent was evaluated for the ability to accelerate hemopoietic regeneration and ...

Osteoblasts and endothelium constitute functional niches that support hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in mammalian bone marrow (BM) 1,2,3 . Adult BM also contains adipocytes, whose numbers correlate inversely with the hematopoietic activity of the marrow. Fatty infiltration of hematopoietic red marrow follows irradiation or chemotherapy and is a diagnostic feature in biopsies from patients with ...

Damage to intestine is a serious problem after accidental radiation exposure. To examine substances to ameliorate damage by postirradiation administration, we focused on the regeneration process after irradiation of the intestine. Using experimental systems, the effects of clinically used sex hormones on regeneration were compared. An anabolic steroid, nandrolone ...

Abstract Damage to intestine is a serious problem after accidental radiation exposure. To examine substances to ameliorate damage by postirradiation administration, we focused on the regeneration process after irradiation of the intestine. Using experimental systems, the effects of clinically used sex hormones on regeneration were compared. An anabolic steroid, nandrolone ...

... Abstract : A 3 MeV electrostatic accelerator has been modified for high electron current operation using beam recovery. ...

... Accession Number : ADA087626. Title : Options for Accelerating Economic Recovery after Nuclear Attack. Volume 3. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...

The effect of the absence of germination on recovery from gamma irradiation was evaluated in sporangiospores of the Phycomycetous fungus, Rhizopus stolonifer. Emphasis was placed on effects of temperature and media on recovery when spores were held for varying post-irradiation periods under autoinhibitory conditions and to ...

Several undyed and dyed polymer films are commercially available for dosimetry in intense radiation fields, especially for radiation processing of food and sterilisation of medical devices. The effects of temperature during irradiation and post-irradiation stability, on the response of these dosimeters are of importance to operators of irradiation facilities. The present study ...

An increase in sex-linked lethal mutation rate after cold storage of irradinted sperm was noted when nonirradiated females were starved prior and subsequent to mating. Cold and aging during the storage of the irradiated sperm did not, per se, contribute to the increase of sex-linked lethals. At the same time, these data supplement the findings of others that no change in radiation- ...

Positron lifetime and microhardness measurements have been performed on untreated, thermal-aged, neutron-irradiated, and postirradiation-annealed samples of reactor pressure vessel steels with the purpose of investigating the mechanisms of irradiation-induced hardening and recovery of the mechanical properties in these materials. The positron lifetime ...

Hematopoietic depression and subsequent susceptibility to potentially lethal opportunistic infections are well-documented phenomena following radiotherapy. Methods to therapeutically mitigate radiation-induced myelosuppression could offer great clinical value. In vivo studies have demonstrated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (CFU-s), granulocyte-macrophage ...

Single-crystal rods of high-purity Mo were prepared by zone refining and irradiated at 40/sup 0/C in the Hanford reactor. Post-irradiation study included isochronal annealing, lattice parameters and hardness. Resistance and hardness recovery proceed normally. Lattice parameter changes were not observed under 200/sup 0/C. Resistance decrease indicates fewer ...

Since most sensitive materials in terms of enhanced radiation embrittlement appear to be submerged arc welds with high copper content, Charpy V-notch and fracture toughness test data relative to thermal annealing recovery and reirradiation embrittlement h...

The initial blockage of mitosis produced b x radiation in the rat small bowel epithelium is not accompa nied by a proportionate reduction in the rate of DNA synthesis. After very low doses of x rays there is little or no immediate effect on DNA synthesis. The drop encountered from 1 to 5 hours after higher doses is believed to be due to acute destruction of the cells involved in active ...

In an attempt to elucidate mechanisms underlying the irradiation-induced decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in primates, hippocampal and visual cortical blood flows of rhesus monkeys were measured by hydrogen clearance, before and after exposure to 100-Gy, whole-body, gamma irradiation. Systemic blood pressures were monitored simultaneously. Systemic arterial plasma histamine and ...

The mechanisms postulated to be responsible for the accelerated repopulation of squamous cell carcinomas during radiotherapy are the loss of asymmetry of stem cell division, acceleration of stem cell division, abortive division and/or recruitment of the non-cycling cell with proliferative capacity. Although accelerated repopulation was ...

The mechanisms postulated to be responsible for the accelerated repopulation of squamous cell carcinomas during radiotherapy are the loss of asymmetry of stem cell division, acceleration of stem cell division, abortive division and/or recruitment of the non-cycling cell with proliferative capacity. Although accelerated repopulation was ...

In view of the previously reported effect of urea peroxide on the mechanism of radiation injury, the coNonentribution of this compound, considered as a representative of organic peroxides, to the post-irradiation recovery of cells was investigated. Paramecium caudatum cultures, kept in darkness at 21 deg C were exposed to the gamma radiation of ...

The effects of three levels of copper content and phosphorus content and two levels of sulfur content on radiation sensitivity and postirradiation heat tratment response were explored for a reactor pressure vessel steel, Type A302-B. Test plates for the investigation were produced from 182-kg (400-lb) laboratory melts. The contributions of individual elements were assessed ...

Studies of the effects of chloramphenicol on induced mutation and on nucleic acid synthesis in synchronized cultures of Esoherichia coli exposed to ultraviolet light demonstrated that a relation exists between the amount of postirradiation RNA which has been synthesized at the time of chloramphenicol addition and the relative rate of DNA synthesis in the presence of ...

The survival of exponentially growing JTC-11 cells, derived from ascites tumor cells, was enhanced when these cells were continuously treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP for at least 6 h before and 3 h after x irradiation. While the D/sub q/ did not change, the D/sub 0/ increased compared to that of the irradiated JTC-11 cells not given dibutyryl cyclic AMP treatment or given only preirradiation ...

Analogs of vitamin E (tocols) are under development as radioprophylactic agents because of their high efficacy and lack of toxicity. Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) is of particular interest because, in addition to being an antioxidant, it also inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and accumulates to greater extent in endothelial cells than other tocols. We addressed in vivo ...

Analogs of vitamin E (tocols) are under development as radioprophylactic agents because of their high efficacy and lack of toxicity. Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) is of particular interest because, in addition to being an antioxidant, it also inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and accumulates to greater extent in endothelial cells than other tocols. We addressed in vivo ...

We investigated the effect of suboptimal growth temperatures on recovery from radiation-induced division delay in Chinese hamster cells. It was found that no recovery occurred during the time that either log-phase or synchronized populations were incubated at 4�C and that injury sustained at low dose rates was cumulative over a period of 6.2 hr at low ...

Fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding and alkaline elution were used to investigate the production and persistence of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) in Chinese hamster V79 and xrs-5 cells treated with the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin in combination with radiation. Carboplatin was administered to cells before irradiation in hypoxic conditions, or the drug was added immediately after ...

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In this paper, the electron beam diagnostics developed for recirculating electron accelerators will be reviewed. The main novelties in dealing with such accelerators are: to have sufficient information and control possibilities for the longitudinal phase ...

... THE MEASUREMENT OF POSTIRRADIATION CHANGES IN CANINE LOCOMOTION ... for recording changes in locomotion of canines performing ...

... Title : EFFECT OF PREIRRADIATION AND POSTIRRADIATION ERYTHROPOIETIC STIMULATION ON SURVIVAL FOLLOWING EXPOSURE ...

... Title : ALTERATION OF POSTIRRADIATION HYPOTENSION AND INCAPACITATION IN THE MONKEY BY ADMINISTRATION OF VASOPRESSOR ...

In an attempt to elucidate mechanisms underlying the irradiation-induced decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in primates, hippocampal and hypothalamic blood flows of rhesus monkeys were measured by hydrogen clearance, before and after exposure to 100 Gy, whole body, gamma irradiation. Systemic blood pressures were monitored simultaneously. Compared to control animals, the irradiated ...

the conditions required by muon and neutrino targets. The study focused initially on super Invar in an effort of super Invar from further consideration. During the second irradiation phase attention was focused targets. POST-IRRADIATION RESULTS Initial evaluation of the irradiated super Invar revealed that even

with the intent of the Recovery Act, the purpose of this program is to promote job creation and economic development along with accelerating the pace and achievement of...

... The primary focus on this study was to measure recovery latency periods for both the absolute and relative incapacitation period following a G-LOC ...

In this report, we present the results of an experimental investigation of the use of a ferrite loaded cavity for electron beam energy recovery and auto-acceleration. The efficiency in the energy recovery mode is shown to be limited by the formation of vi...

Clonal analysis of L5178Y-S cell populations irradiated with 300 rads of x-rays indicates occurence of cell sublines with considerably prolonged mean doubling times up to 22 h as compared to 10 to 11 h for control. Subsequent observations of growth of the...

Progress in the study of the effects of neutron irradiation upon the properties of structural materials is reported. Data on the effects of several experimental variables on the observed recovery of properties of irradiated steels, the notch ductility of the SL-1 reactor pressure vessel, and the results of neutron environmental survey of the SM-1A reactor are ...

An internal x ray dosimeter was found in a rat erythrocyte enzyme, nucleoside phosphorylase. At all total-body x ray doses tested from 100 to 1000 r, this enzyme was inhibited but the rate of inhibition was closely similar for the 250, 500, 750, and 1000 r in the postirradiation interval from 0 to 48 hr. However, the time and degree of recovery ...

The recovery by postirradiation annealing of the irradiation produced shift in the fracture toughness transition of A533-B was investigated. Irradiation embrittlement was reduced by 40% after annealing at 600/sup 0/F for material that had been irradiated to approximately 2 x 10/sup 19/ n/cm/sup 2/ at 550/sup 0/F.

Total-body x-irradiation of monkeys with 450 r resulted in significant depression of leukocytes as early as the second day with maximal effect noted between 10 to 17 days. Erythrocytes were affected at a later interval with maximum depression at 17 to 19 days post-irradiation. Recovery of leukocytes and erythrocytes to normal levels was observed ...

The BEATRIX experiment is an IEA-sponsored effort that involves the exchange of solid breeder materials and shared irradiation testing among research groups in several countries. The materials will be tested in both closed capsules (to evaluate material lifetime) and opened capsules (to evaluate purge-flow tritium recovery). Pre- and post-irradiation ...

A perspective picture is presented of radiation mutagenesis and the sequence of events which leads from the absorption of radiation to the eventual recovery of mutants. A model of the mechanism of mutational events in microorganisms modifiable by postirradiation treatments is proposed and applied to the interpretation of the differences in ...

... ANIMALS, STRESS(PHYSIOLOGY), ACCELERATION, CENTRIFUGES, MORTALITY RATE, ANTICOAGULANTS, RECOVERY, SURVIVAL ...

... in this report utilize anatomical, metabolic or biochemical measurennts to analyze the mechanism(s) of amphetamine accelerated recoveri fron the ...

For an energy-efficient accelerator system to be used for a free-electron laser, the stability of an energy-recovery system utilizing a bridge coupler placed between the accelerator and the decelerator is studied numerically. Energy is recovered by recirc...

S>Two different groups of rats were exposed to 300 and 500 r total-body x irradiation. Mitochondrial extracts were prepared from the leucocytes of these animals at various post-irradiation days. The bactericidal activity of these extracts was determined and compared to the activity obtained with extracts prepared from leucocytes from non-irradiated animals. The ...

Research progress is presented for a continuing program to characterize materials properties performance with respect to structural integrity of light water reactor pressure boundary components. Progress for this reporting period is summarized in the following areas: (a) radiation embrittlement resistance of A533-B Class 1 steel plate as a function of extra low copper impurity content; (b) ...

Three heats of A302B steel were studied. The beneficial effects derived from post-irradiation annealing were defined in terms of the percent recovery in the 30 ft-lb transition temperatures and in the fracture mechanics transition temperatures. Annealing temperatures of 625 and 650 deg F and annealing times of 3 to 81 days were used in the study. ...

There is now strong evidence that probiotic bacteria can regulate inflammatory immune responses. Here, we analyzed whether oral supplementation with the probiotic bacterial strain Lactobacillus johnsonii (La1) could interfere with skin immune status following UV exposure. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted with 54 healthy volunteers receiving either La1 or ...

Partial Contents: Oral ofloxacin therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in mice after irradiation; Linking phospholipase A2 to phospholipid turnover and prostaglandin synthesis in mast cell granules; Effects of aminoguanidine on pre- and post-irradiation regional cerebral blood flow, systemic blood pressure and plasma histamine levels in the primate; Gastric injury and ...

The aim of this work was to investigate the dosimetric performance properties of the N-vinylpyrrolidone argon (VIPAR) based polymer gel as a dosimetric tool in clinical radiotherapy. VIPAR gels with a larger concentration of gelatin than the standard recipe were manufactured and irradiated up to 68 Gy using a 6 and 18 MV linear accelerator. Using MRI, the R2-dose response was ...

This report describes research progress for Fiscal Year 1979 in a continuing program to characterize material properties performance with respect to structural integrity of light water reactor pressure boundary components. Progress under fracture mechanics investigations includes the first J-R curves from irradiated A533-B weld deposit. A dynamic finite element analysis was also performed to ...

We previously demonstrated that the electrical state of the skin surface influences epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. At the interface between different materials, electrons are localized heterogeneously and induce electrical potential. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of metals on the barrier recovery. When we put pure gold plate on skin immediately ...

This report examines the links between selected provisions of the Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA) of 1981 and a subset of economic decisions made in the private sector. The ways in which the Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS), the liberalized invest...

Dose response curves for inactivation of microorganisms are central in the design of any process intending to use irradiation for the improvement of the microbiological quality of any treated materials, be it food or medical supplies. Under some conditions a fraction of irradiated microorganisms is able to recover from a potentially lethal dose. This recovery phenomenon must ...

DNA damage and postirradiation incubation effects from X-ray doses of 30-2000 rad delivered to rat 9L cells in vitro were detemined by viscoelastic analysis of neutral (pH 7) cell lysates. Damage studies showed first an increase in the principal viscoelastic retardation time, T, with increasing dose, followed by a decrease, with the maximum retardation time occurring at 1000 ...

A canine model was used to assess the effects of irradiation on bone-marrow progenitor cellularity, peripheral-blood leukocyte and platelet cellularity,and phagocytosis-induced granulocyte oxidation burst activity. Sexually mature beagles were bilaterally exposed to 2 Gy of cobalt-60 radiation, and at various times postirradiation bone marrow and peripheral blood samples ...

Diets containing hydrolyzed casein have been observed to enhance post-irradiation intestinal mucosal recovery. The intake and the composition of such diets were not carefully controlled. This study attempted to do so. Male specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive either an enzymatically hydrolyzed casein semi-purified diet ...

Hardness measurements were performed on wrought Low Carbon Arc Cast (LCAC), TZM, and Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) molybdenum in the post-irradiated and post-irradiated + annealed condition to determine the recovery kinetics. Irradiations performed in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at nominally 300 C and 600 C to neutron ...

This study was purposed to evaluate the effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on hematopoietic reconstruction and survival in beagles exposed to mixed fission neutron and ?-ray. 13 beagles were unilaterally exposed to single dose of 2.3 Gy 90% neutrons. The experiments were divided into 3 groups: irradiation control group (no any treatment, n = 4), supportive ...

The kinetics of the repair and fixation of potentially lethal damage (PLD) was studied in log-phase Chinese hamster V79 cells. The postirradiation (10 Gy) survival of cells treated with hypertonic saline increased when these cells were incubated further in conditioned medium but not in growth medium, indicating that damage which is neither fixed by hypertonic saline nor ...