Studies were carried out on the changes of antioxidative activity (AOA) of mouse liver lipids under carcinogenic action of orthoaminoazotoluene, 3,4- benzopyrene and gamma -irradiation. AOA change under various types of carcinogenesis turned to have similar step-like character: a decrease at the first stage to some minimum (to 0, 6 of normal ...

The Liver Carcinogenesis Section uses the modern technologies of molecular biology, cell biology, protein chemistry and genetics to investigate the biochemical and genetic pathways involved in human liver cancer.

... Title : FORMS OF CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA IN RAT LIVER DURING REGENERATION AND FOLLOWING AMINOAZO-DYE CARCINOGENESIS,. ...

Bradfield; Mechanisms of Liver Carcinogenesis 18 UNIT V: Models of Liver Cancer, Non Genotoxic. The strengths of the rodent liver system include the fact that many chemicals induce this type of cancer Carcinogens Assigned Reading: Pitot et al. (1996). Quantitation of multistage carcinogenesis ...

... Descriptors : *CARCINOGENS, *BIOASSAY, *ONCOGENESIS, CADMIUM, PATHOLOGY, LIVER, LYMPHOMAS, TEST AND EVALUATION, HEAVY ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and is considered to be the outcome of chronic liver inflammation. Currently, the main treatment for HCC is surgical resection. However, survival rates are suboptimal partially because of tumor recurrence in the remaining liver. Our aim was to understand the molecular ...

A genetic basis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been well-established and major signaling pathways, such as p53, Wnt-signaling, transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) and Ras pathways, have been identified to be essential to HCC development. Lately, the family of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) has shifted to the center of interest. We have reported on spontaneously developing ...

jaundice and liver damage as a result of occupational exposure to an unknown agent. Nitrosamines have been. One important mechanism that cells have to prevent this cell damage is to have high concentrationsBradfield; Mechanisms of Liver Carcinogenesis 5 UNIT II: Liver, Metabolism and Chemical

Arsenic is a human carcinogen in skin, lung, liver, urinary bladder and kidney. At this time, there is not a scientific consensus on the mechanisms/modes of action for arsenic carcinogenesis. Proposed mechanisms/modes of action for arsenic carcinogenesi...

Propiconazole is a systemic foliar fungicide with a broad range of activity. Rodents fed with propiconazole at high dose resulted in diminished body weight, increased liver weight of adults and pups, and eventually liver carcinogenesis. In order to unravel the toxic processes inv...

... Ki T1 LLND Change in serologic specificity of rat liver cells during carcinogenesis with p-dimethylatninoizubenzol. by Eberhardt VIeiler. ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually arises from hepatic fibrosis caused by chronic inflammation. In chronic liver damage, hepatic stellate cells undergo progressive activation to myofibroblasts (MFB), which are important extracellular-matrix-producing mesenchymal cells. Concomitantly, perturbation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-? signaling by pro-inflammatory cytokines ...

Linear models of risk assessment may be appropriate for chemicals that are initiators of carcinogenesis while threshold models of risk assessment have been proposed for promoters. The proper risk assessment model for the regulation of promoters of carcinogenesis remains an active...

Adult female rats were orally dosed with 1/5 the LD50 of either an initiator of carcinogens (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)), promoters or putative promoters of carcinogenesis (hexachlorobenzene, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, kepone and toxaphene) or n...

LHC research also has a strong translational component, e.g., development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets of liver, prostate and lung cancer.

It was confirmed histo-serologically with the aid of liver-specific fluorescein-labeled antibodies that the liver-specific antigen cannot be demonstrated in primary rat liver cell carcinoma. The liver-specific antigen is localized exclusively in the paren...

Adult female rats were orally dosed with 1/5 the LD50 of either an initiator of carcinogenesis (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)), promoters or putative promoters of carcinogenesis (hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a-hexachlorocyclohexane (a-HCH), kepone and toxaphene) or noncarcinogen...

Exposure to peroxisome proliferator chemicals (PPC) leads to alterations in the balance between hepatocyte growth and apoptosis, increases in liver to body weights (LW/BW) and liver tumors. There is strong evidence that PPC cause many of their effects related to carcinogenesis th...

The standard Q values are based on the most detrimental chronic biological effect (e.g., carcinogenesis by neutrons) for continuous low-dose exposure that ...

The closed circular forms of DNA of rat liver have been observed during aminoazo-dye carcinogenesis, during regeneration following partial hepatectomy and in control animals. Paucidisperse multiple mitochondrial forms were not observed. Polydisperse small...

Bradfield; Mechanisms of Liver Carcinogenesis 21 UNIT VII: Nuclear Receptors: PAS Proteins and their roles in Tumor Promotion (continued). Reading: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 modulates gene expression in sold tumors and influences both angiogenesis and tumor growth (1997). PNAS, 94:8104-8109. General

Young adult (C57L x A)F/sub 1/ hybrid mice received a single whole--body exposure to fission spectrum fast neutrons (165 to 306 rad). Subgroups of these mice then received a single subcutaneous injection of CCl/sub 4/, given either at 2, 12, 15, or 18 months post-irradiation. Control non-irradiated mice received a single injection of CCl/sub 4/. Other groups of mice were exposed to a ...

by characterizing the cancerous stage of liver disease in this HCC model. We compare the results of the global gene are frequent in liver cancer (14) and can be a reason for the variability of gene expression pro- files liver RNA samples. Katzenellenbogen et al. Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(11). November 2007 1162 #12;Fig. S4B) than

A comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms driving cancer onset and progression should provide a basis for improving early diagnosis, biomarker discovery and treatment options. A key value of genetically engineered mice for modeling human cancer is the possibility to analyze the entire process of tumor development. Here, we applied functional genomics approach to study step-by-step ...

The benefits of liver resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and concomitant liver cirrhosis have been questionable due to high rates of postoperative complications. As a result of advance in surgical techniques, along with improved perioperative management and increased knowledge of the pathophysiology of liver ...

Aging and DNA polymerase ? deficiency (?-pol^+/?) interact to accelerate the development of malignant lymphomas and adenocarcinoma and increase tumor bearing load in mice. Folate deficiency (FD) has been shown to induce DNA damage repaired via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. We anticipated that FD and BER deficiency would interact to ...

Drinking hot mat� has been associated with risk for esophageal cancer in South America. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the modifying effects of mat� intake on DNA damage and esophageal carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and thermal injury (TI) in male Wistar rats. At the initiation phase of carcinogenesis, rats were ...

The concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in liver of rats fed on 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and in the resultant hepatomas were found to be significantly higher than were those observed in normal liver from rats of the same strain, sex, and age. These modifications were due to the carcinogen and not to the special low-riboflavin diet used ...

Hepatic stem cells (oval cells) proliferate within the liver after exposure to a variety of hepatic carcinogens and can generate both hepatocytes and bile duct cells. Oval cell proliferation is commonly seen in the preneoplastic stages of liver carcinogenesis, often accompanied by an inflammatory response. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ...

A number of perfluorinated alkyl acids including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) elicit effects similar to peroxisome proliferator chemicals (PPC) in mouse and rat liver. There is strong evidence that PPC cause many of their effects related to liver carcinogenesis through the nucle...

The response of liver tissue and liver function to different types of environmental hazards, and how these response patterns participate in the genesis and maintenance of the natural disease process are examined. Five basic response patterns are described: harmless/ genesis of metabolic imbalance/ activation to toxic metabolites/ induction of enzymes and ...

Gamma Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTase)-positive foci have been used to indicate activity in an initiation/promotion bioassay in rat liver. This rat liver foci bioassay has been proposed for inclusion in tier 2 of a three tier decision tree approach to carcinogenesis testing where ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether, in the rainbow trout carcinogenesis model, proliferation of liver cells in response to post-initiation treatment with CCl{sub 4} enhances liver tumor development. These data may be important in understanding the etiology of liver tumors in wild fish, where ...

Chronic infection and inflammation contribute to a substantial part of environmental carcinogenesis. Recently, it has been estimated that chronic inflammation accounts for approximately 25% of cancer cases. Various infectious diseases and physical, chemical, and immunological factors participate in inflammation-related carcinogenesis. Under inflammatory ...

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are the germline-coded pattern recognition receptors that sense microbial products. This signaling orchestrates complex signaling pathways that induce expression of inflammatory genes for host defense against invading microorganisms. Recent studies illustrate the role of TLR on non-infectious inflammatory diseases. The liver has a unique anatomy ...

Spirulina platensis (SP) is a filamentous cyanobacterium microalgae with potent dietary phyto-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous properties. The present study aimed to investigate the chemopreventive effect of SP against rat liver toxicity and carcinogenesis induced by dibutyl nitrosamine (DBN) precursors, and further characterized its ...

Spirulina platensis (SP) is a filamentous cyanobacterium microalgae with potent dietary phyto-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous properties. The present study aimed to investigate the chemopreventive effect of SP against rat liver toxicity and carcinogenesis induced by dibutyl nitrosamine (DBN) precursors, and further characterized its ...

... plasmid pools could reduce liver parasite burden in ... PLASMODIUM, IMMUNIZATION, ACCELERATED TESTING, GENES, CLONES, PARASITES. ...

Abstract: Recent advances in our knowledge of arsenic carcinogenesis include the development of rat or mouse models for all human organs in which inorganic arsenic is known to cause cancer -skin, lung, urinary bladder, liver and kidney. Tumors can be produced from eit...

to an electrophilic intermediate capable of alkylating DNA. 3) For many carcinogens, metabolism is the primary a free amine, hydroxyl or carboxyl group on their substrate . These sites serve as centers for covalent or glycine. The fact that these hydroxyl, amine and carboxyl groups are often generated by Phase I enzymes

Small doses of aflatoxins B1 and G1 administered by intraperitoneal injection to rats with CC14-induced postnecrotic cirrhosis rapidly cause hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced atypia of liver cells. Following administration of 600 G. of aflatoxins in t...

Rainbow trout embryos are sensitive to the initiation of neoplasms in various tissues by brief exposures to solutions of water-soluble carcinogens. This characteristic was first demonstrated with the sparingly soluble liver carcinogen, aflatoxin B1(AFB1). A 30-minute exposure of ...

PROPOSED CARCINOGENIC MECHANISMS FOR ARSENIC. Arsenic is a human carcinogen in skin, lung, liver, urinary bladder and kidney. In contrast, there is no accepted experimental animal model of inorganic arsenic carcinogenesis. Proposed mechanisms/modes of action for a...

Studies were undertaken to evaluate the potential role of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene/protein during chemical carcinogenesis in the medaka (Oryzias latipes), a small fish. Cell lines from the rainbow trout liver and long-term primary cultures...

The inorganic reducing agent, hydrazine, is toxic and weakly carcinogenic. In earlier studies it was found that oral administration of a toxic dose of hydrazine to the rat resulted in methylation of liver DNA guanine moieties with an apparent dependency u...

Oral administration of the inorganic hepatotoxin, hydrazine, to male Fischer 344 or Sprague Dawley rats results in the endogenous methylation of liver DNA at the 7- and O6-positions of guanine. At doses below the LD50 (45, 60 or 75 mg hydrazine/kg body we...

... from Internally-Deposited Radionuclides. Report No. 135, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2001. Mori, T. ... Risks from Low-Level Environmental Exposure to Radionuc...

...stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, gallbladder (when...NCI-CS-TR-1 (Bethesda: United States Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Prevention, Carcinogenesis...

... (6 ) Ileum. (7 ) Cecum. (8 ) Colon. (9 ) Rectum. (10 ) Liver. (11...Small Rodents. NCI-CS-TR-1 United States Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Prevention, Carcinogenesis...

Chemical compounds foreign to mammalian liver stimulate the hepatic microsomal system to increased, but nonspecific, enzymatic activity. The stimulatory effect on liver enzymes being non-specific, increased hepatic activity results also in an accelerated ...