... tempo that denies the enemy time to react accelerates culmination. Liddell Hart wrote, � Psychological ... Bellamy, Christopher. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
In rocks of late Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic age (ca. 1700-1000 million years ago), probable eukaryotic microfossils are widespread and well preserved, but assemblage and global diversities are low and turnover is slow. Near the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic boundary (1000 million years ago), red, green, and chromophytic algae diversified; molecular phylogenies suggest that this was part ...
PubMed Central
The uneven distribution of species richness is a fundamental and unexplained pattern of vertebrate biodiversity. Although species richness in groups like mammals, birds, or teleost fishes is often attributed to accelerated cladogenesis, we lack a quantitative conceptual framework for identifying and comparing the exceptional changes of tempo in vertebrate ...
PubMed
Gene duplication is a key mechanism for the adaptive evolution and neofunctionalization of gene families. Large multigene families often exhibit complex evolutionary histories as a result of frequent gene duplication acting in concordance with positive selection pressures. Alterations in the domain structure of genes, causing changes in the molecular scaffold of proteins, can ...
... first in Paleolake Obweruka and later in Lake Malawi, both demonstrating convergence on antipredatory behaviors and morphologies ... the tempo and mode of speciation in Lake Malawi, while providing major ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
Research article Accelerated evolutionary rates in tropical and oceanic parmelioid lichens (Ascomycota)
E-print Network
BackgroundIt has been suggested that the chloroplast genomes of the grass family, Poaceae, have undergone an elevated evolutionary rate compared to most other angiosperms, yet the details of this phenomenon have remained obscure. To know how the rate change occurred during evolution, estimation of the time-scale with reliable calibrations is needed. The recent finding of 65 Ma ...
Anurans (frogs and toads) are unique among land vertebrates in possessing a free-living larval stage that, parallel to adult frogs, diversified into an impressive range of ecomorphs. The tempo and mode at which tadpole morphology evolved through anuran history as well as its relationship to lineage diversification remain elusive. We used a molecular phylogenetic framework to ...
We describe an artist's journey of working with an evolutionary algorithm to create an artwork suitable for exhibition in a gallery. Software based on the evolutionary algorithm produces animations which engage the viewer with a target image slowly emerging from a random collection of greyscale lines. The artwork consists of a grid of movies of eucalyptus ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Modern combined arms conflicts demand an accelerated tempo of operations requiring the rapid processing and transfer of information to the relevant location on the battlefield. A means to gain timely and useful information quickly while on-the-move will e...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The tempo and mode of evolutionary change during speciation have remained contentious until recently. While much of the evidence claiming speciation is an abrupt and rapid process comes from fossil data, recent molecular phylogenetics show that the background of gradual evolution is often broken by accelerated rates of molecular ...
A complex series of evolutionary steps, contingent upon a dynamic environmental context and a long biological heritage, have led to the ascent of Homo sapiens as a dominant component of the modern biosphere. In a field where missing links still abound and new discoveries regularly overturn theoretical paradigms, our understanding of the path of human evolution has made ...
The present study investigated affective and physiological responses to changes of tempo and mode in classical music and their effects on heat pain perception. Thirty-eight healthy non-musicians (17 female) listened to sequences of 24 music stimuli which were variations of 4 pieces of classical music. Tempo (46, 60, and 95 beats/min) and mode (major and ...
The coupling between sensory and motor processes has been established in various scenarios: for example, the perception of auditory rhythm entails an audiomotor representation of the sounds. Similarly, visual action patterns can also be represented via a visuomotor transformation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the visual motor information, such as embedded in a coherent motion flow, ...
Clusters of genes that evolved from single progenitors via repeated segmental duplications present significant challenges to the generation of a truly complete human genome sequence. Such clusters can confound both accurate sequence assembly and downstream computational analysis, yet they represent a hotbed of functional innovation, making them of extreme interest. We have developed an algorithm ...
Guided by evolutionary-developmental theories of biological sensitivity to context and reproductive development, the current research examined the interactive effects of early family environments and psychobiologic reactivity to stress on the subsequent timing and tempo of puberty. As predicted by the theory, among children displaying heightened biological ...
The Tithonian-Berriasian time interval is characterized by a major calcareous nannoplankton speciation episode: several coccolith and nannolith genera and species first appear and rapidly evolve, reaching a high diversity, abundance, and calcification degree. The history of calcareous nannoplankton indicates that times of accelerated rates of radiations (or extinctions) ...
Explosive speciation in ancient lakes has fascinated biologists for centuries and has inspired classical work on the tempo and modes of speciation. Considerable attention has been directed towards the extrinsic forces of speciation--the geological, geographical and ecological peculiarities of ancient lakes. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in the intrinsic ...
Traditional investigations of the evolution of human social and political institutions trace their ancestry back to nineteenth century social scientists such as Herbert Spencer, and have concentrated on the increase in socio-political complexity over time. More recent studies of cultural evolution have been explicitly informed by Darwinian evolutionary theory and focus on the ...
... number of processors on a 30 node cluster. ... compatible with hardware acceleration, with appropriate modifications to the genotype (the variables ...
... array of basic biological 'Evolutionary Barriers''. ... HIGH ALTITUDE, ACCELERATION TOLERANCE, RESPONSE(BIOLOGY), CENTRAL NERVOUS ...
Numerous evolutionary studies have sought to explain the distribution of diversity across the limbs of the tree of life. At the same time, ecological studies have sought to explain differences in diversity and relative abundance within and among ecological communities. Traditionally, these patterns have been considered separately, but models that consider processes operating ...
A long-standing debate in evolutionary biology concerns whether species diverge gradually through time or by punctuational episodes at the time of speciation. We found that approximately 22% of substitutional changes at the DNA level can be attributed to punctuational evolution, and the remainder accumulates from background gradual divergence. Punctuational effects occur at ...
laser-off energy spectra to describe the initial energy profile of the electron beam. Since the laser field. The tempo- ral structure of the laser and the electron beam were modeled with Gaussian profiles a single Gaussian laser beam terminated by a single downstream boundary, resem- bling a configuration
IDEA AND PERSPECTIVE Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary perspective E. Toby Kiers,1 environmental degradation threatens mutualistic interactions. Because mutualisms can bind species to a common fate, mutualism breakdown has the potential to expand and accelerate effects of global change
theory sufficiently accounts for the elevated evo- lutionary rate. Rather, the elevated evolutionary rate-producing eukaryotic or- ganelles that stem from endosymbiotic eubacteria and that have relinquished their genome Muller's ratchet or the slightly deleterious mutation theory to explain the enhanced evolutionary rate
Page 1. R-4135-FMP Promotion Tempo and Enlisted Retention ... 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Promotion Tempo and Enlisted Retention 5a. ...
40454; L41461 S13 Sceloporus formosus AY297498 Sceloporus graciosus AF049860 S14 Sceloporus grammicus AY16 Phrynosoma taurus AF346844 S17 Sator angustus AF049859 S14 Sceloporus adleri AY297519 Sceloporus bicanthalis AF000800; AF000840 S18 Sceloporus carinatus AY297496 Sceloporus cautus AY297522 Sceloporus
Joshua Lederberg is a Professor Emeritus at Rockefeller University, where his current research addresses DNA conformation and evolutionary acceleration.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
... DREAMING 11. MEMORY 1 LEARNING 13. VISION 14. EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 15. NEAR DEATH PHENOMENON 5 Page 11. ...
evolutionary fossil, Darwin's "dinobird." » learn more What Happened to Antimatter? The Big Bang created an equal number of particles and antiparticles. But we don't ever come...
Science.gov Websites
... Rotating Vane Type Tab, (9) An Accelerated Co-Evolutionary Algorithm Using Neural Networks, (10) A Study of the Swimming Path of the Penguin. ...
May 20, 2009 ... NASA's Astrobiology Program's Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program and the NASA Astrobiology Institute at NASA's Ames Research Center ...
NASA Website
May 3, 1996 ... EOSDIS' infrastructure, the EOSDIS Core System (ECS), ... ECS is the evolutionary base for accelerating the pace of Earth science research. ...
The paper describes the controls for the LEP Preinjector, as relevant to its specific needs and as an evolutionary, backward compatible step starting from the present controls of the PS accelerator complex.
Energy Citations Database
... Combat Systems Using Evolutionary Algorithms And Enterprise Software 5a. ... AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release, distribution ...
Biological and artificial evolutionary systems exhibit varying degrees of evolvability and different rates of evolution. Such quantities can be affected by various factors. Here, we review some evolutionary mechanisms and discuss new developments in biology that can potentially improve evolvability or accelerate evolution in artificial ...
Terms such as �adaptive� and �evolutionary� capture the organic nature of the development of a decision support system (DSS). However, they are rarely defined in DSS research and their meaning varies widely in the research literature. The aim of this paper is to contribute to decision support systems theory by clarifying the nature of the ...
s INTRODUCTION A central question in the evolutionary study of any host--parasite assemblage is the relative antiquity of the host--parasite association; is the parasite a recently acquired "souvenir" or an "heirloom" inherited from the host's ancestor (Sprent, 1970)? In the latter case, if a parasite is specific to a single host lineage then, as that host lineage speciates, ...
After 20 years of investigation into the tempo and mode of species-level change in the fossil record, it is clear that both punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism occur, as do a variety of intermediate patterns. Important questions regarding the maintenance and diversification of species remain, however. The author documents a variety of ...
... Title : Personnel Tempo: Definition, Measurement, and Effects on Retention, Readiness, and Quality of Life. Descriptive Note : Final rept.,. ...
... commander to operate in the full capacity of the spacetime environment ... commander could utilize IM to generate the tempo and momentum ...
... 8 51 Z BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE IN MONKEYS EXPOSED TO TEMPO ... BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE IN MONKEYS EXPOSED TO ...
The covariation of biodiversity with climate is a fundamental pattern in nature. However, despite the ubiquity of this relationship, a consensus on the ultimate cause remains elusive. The evolutionary speed hypothesis posits direct mechanistic links between ambient temperature, the tempo of micro-evolution and, ultimately, species richness. Previous ...
This study was designed to ascertain musicians' tempo and pitch level preferences when listening to orchestral music. Ninety graduate and undergraduate music major students were assigned randomly to one of three groups. Participants listened individually to recorded symphonic excerpts, 5 with relatively fast and 5 with relatively slow tempos. Listeners in ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Evolutionary Genomics: Yeasts Accelerate beyond BLAST Dispatch Ken Wolfe Two new genome sequences a legacy of about 500 pairs of duplicated genes, many of which con- tribute to this yeast's ability, and then suddenly three buses arrive together. Something similar is happening in yeast genomics, with the recent
The tempo and mode of body size evolution on islands are believed to be well known. It is thought that body size evolves relatively quickly on islands toward the mammalian modal value, thus generating extreme cases of size evolution and the island rule. Here, we tested both theories in a phylogenetically explicit context, by using two different species-level mammalian ...
Factors that influence speciation rates among groups of organisms are integral to deciphering macroevolutionary processes; however, they remain poorly understood. Here, we use molecular phylogenetic data and divergence time estimates to reconstruct the pattern and tempo of speciation within a widespread and homogeneous bird family (white-eyes, Zosteropidae) that contains an ...
Time-scales estimated from sequence data play an important role in molecular ecology. They can be used to draw correlations between evolutionary and palaeoclimatic events, to measure the tempo of speciation, and to study the demographic history of an endangered species. In all of these studies, it is paramount to have accurate estimates of time-scales and ...
Phylogenomic analyses show that gene and genome duplication events have led to the diversification of transcription factor gene families throughout the evolutionary history of land plants and that gene duplications have played an important role in shaping regulatory networks influencing key phenotypic characters including floral development and flowering time. A molecular ...
A diversity of evolutionary processes can be responsible for generating and maintaining biodiversity. Molecular markers were used to investigate the influence of Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations on the evolutionary history of taxa restricted to the freshwaters of a classical glacial refugium. Population genetic, phylogenetic and phylogeographical ...
BackgroundThe primates are among the most broadly studied mammalian orders, with the published literature containing extensive analyses of their behavior, physiology, genetics and ecology. The importance of this group in medical and biological research is well appreciated, and explains the numerous molecular phylogenies that have been proposed for most primate families and genera. Composite ...
The reaction of Ni(COD)(2) with two equivalents of the TEMPO radical at 68 �C affords the 16 e(-) "bow-tie" complex Ni(?(2)-TEMPO)(2), 1, in 78% yield. Compound 1 reacts with tert-butyl isocyanide and phenylacetylene at room temperature to yield the 16 e(-) distorted square planar nickel complexes ...
Coevolution has long been considered a major force leading to the adaptive radiation and diversification of insects and plants. A fundamental aspect of coevolution is that adaptations and counteradaptations interlace in time. A discordant origin of traits long before or after the origin of the putative coevolutionary selective pressure must be attributed to other evolutionary ...
Morphological variation within species is a raw material subject to natural selection. However, temporal change in morphological diversity has usually been studied in terms of variation among rather than within species. The distribution of polymorphic traits in cladistic character-taxon matrices reveals that the frequency and extent of morphological variation in 982 trilobite species are greatest ...
Using an appropriately designed and replicated study of a latitudinal influence on rates of evolution, we test the prediction by K. Rohde [(1992) Oikos 65, 514�527] that the tempo of molecular evolution in the tropics is greater than at higher latitudes. Consistent with this prediction we found tropical plant species had more than twice the rate of molecular evolution as ...
Among the several central meanings of Darwinism, his version of Lyellian uniformitarianism--the extrapolationist commitment to viewing causes of small-scale, observable change in modern populations as the complete source, by smooth extension through geological time, of all magnitudes and sequences in evolution--has most contributed to the causal hegemony of microevolution and the assumption that ...
The measurement of telomere length (TL) is a genetic tool that is beginning to be employed widely in ecological and evolutionary studies as marker of age and fitness. The adoption of this approach has been accelerated by the development of telomere quantitative PCR, which enables the screening of large numbers of samples with little effort. However, the ...
Since the establishment of the symbiosis between the ancestor of modern aphids and their primary endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, insects and bacteria have coevolved. Due to this parallel evolution, the analysis of bacterial genomic features constitutes a useful tool to understand their evolutionary history. Here we report, based on data from B. aphidicola, the molecular ...
In classical evolutionary theory, genetic variation provides the source of heritable phenotypic variation on which natural selection acts. Against this classical view, several theories have emphasized that developmental variability and learning enhance nonheritable phenotypic variation, which in turn can accelerate evolutionary ...
Since the early 1990's researchers have begun to apply evolutionary algorithms to synthesize electronic circuits. Nowadays it is evident that the evolutionary design approach can automatically create efficient electronic circuits in many domains. This paper surveys fundamental concepts of evolutionary hardware design. It introduces ...
General Schwarzkopf was unhappy with the tempo of the VII Corps attack during Operation Desert Storm. Likewise, a recent Rand study of over 115 NTC battles highlighted the technique of overwatch as a significant detractor to sustaining tempo in the attack...
The TEMPO machine is a repetitively pulsed, high-voltage driver for experimental microwave generating devices. Three units have been built. TEMPO has a transformer-charged, water-insulated Blumlein directly coupled to the vacuum diode. The Blumlein has a ...
>Paper ID Music Mood and Video Tempo Yu-Hao Chen, Jin hours of digital movie contents. As movies have made a lot effect to life and thinking of people tempos and music moods. Our work consists of three parts: music mood detection, tempo detection
all'istante s, cio`e la probabilit`a che il tempo di vita residuo a s sia maggiore di t. Se quindi gt tende a deteriorarsi con il tempo: all'aumentare del tempo (s), il tempo di vita residuo tende'aumentare del tempo (s), il tempo di vita residuo tende ad aumentare. Qualora ...
Jun 16, 2011 ... In our 2003 studies, we found that two applications of Tempo (a pyrethroid insecticide) significantly reduced the density of EAB larvae ...
Treesearch
Constraints on Compositional Systems." Contemporary Music Review, 6/2:97�121. Lindley, M. and Turner-Smith, R
... Accession Number : ADA477189. Title : Tempo: A Toolkit for the Timed Input/Output Automata Formalism. Descriptive Note : Final technical rept. ...
... identified as TEMPO Version 3) involved porting software code from C++ into Visual Basic.NET, integrating MATLAB code for numerical strategy ...
... Accession Number : ADA269829. Title : TEMPO Radicals as EPR Probes to Monitor the Adsorption of Different Species into X Zeolite. ...
... Accession Number : ADA205465. Title : HDL-TEMPO Deionized Water System. Descriptive Note : Final rept. Oct 1986-Oct 1987. ...
... Accession Number : ADA445355. Title : Effect of Increased Operational Tempo (Post 9/11) on the Retention of Navy Medical Corps Officers. ...
... THESIS EFFECT OF INCREASED OPERATIONAL TEMPO (POST 9/11) ON RETENTION RATE OF HOSPITAL CORPSMEN by Karine 0. Pierre ...
... Title : Effect of Increased Operational Tempo (Post 9/11) on Retention Rate of Hospital Corpsmen. Descriptive Note : Master's thesis. ...
... Accession Number : AD0692738. Title : CAMPI FISICI NELLO SPAZIO-TEMPO (Fields of Physics Concerning Space-Time Theories. ...
An evolutionary process in linear acceleration test methods and test doctrine began about 1960 in Sandia's development test laboratories. This evolution is traced over the years with highlights given to the more significant test methods used to test inert...
on Nitrogen Cycling in China, Committee on Scholarly Communication with China, National Academy of Sciences ecosystem science; global and regional nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; biotic, physical, and geochemical. Townsend, A. & R. W. Howarth. Human acceleration of the global nitrogen cycle. Scientific American
In the last 20 years there have been dramatic advances in techniques of high-throughput DNA sequencing, most recently accelerated by the Human Genome Project, a program that has determined the three billion base pair code on which we are based. Now this t...
Accelerating the flow of technology to the warfighter is one of the top priorities of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics), as well as the services, defense agencies, and other key defense organizations that help transiti...
The Neutrino Factory is an important tool in the long-term neutrino physics program. Substantial effort is put internationally into designing this facility in order to achieve desired performance within the allotted budget. This accelerator is a secondary beam machine: neutrinos are produced by means of the decay of muons. Muons, in turn, are produced by the decay of pions, ...
Adaptive radiations have served as model systems for quantifying the build-up of species richness. Few studies have quantified the tempo of diversification in species-rich clades that contain negligible adaptive disparity, making the macroevolutionary consequences of different modes of evolutionary radiation difficult to assess. We use mitochondrial-DNA ...
High-purity high residual resistivity ratio niobium is used to fabricate particle accelerator cavities for advanced superconducting accelerators. This material has an unstable texture that causes different r values in different inplane directions, which evolve with deformation, making prediction of forming characteristics difficult. Thus, an ...
, which enhances the synergetic effect between the global (symbiotic evolutionary algorithm) and the local (particle swarm optimisation) search. SMNE's synergetic effect accelerates learning, which translates strategy. This way, SMNE maintains a synergetic effect between the global and local search. Compared
Consequences of Small Populations Extinction Rates Inbreeding Depression Reducing the Impact of Small Captive Coefficient Heterochrony Peramorphosis: Hypermophosis and Acceleration Paedomorphosis: Progenesis and Neoteny The Puzzle of Evolutionary Stasis Extinction Persistence Times Ecological Correlates of Extinction Darwinian
AccessResearch article Accelerated evolutionary rates in tropical and oceanic parmelioid lichens a molecular clock have been commonly reported. Within parmelioid lichens, the largest group of macrolichens evolutionary rate in lichenized ascomycetes is presented. Our results give clear evidence for a faster rate
We introduce a stochastic model that describes neutral changes of gene expression over evolutionary time as a compound Poisson process where evolutionary events cause changes of expression level according to a given probability distribution. The model produces simple estimators for model parameters and allows discrimination between symmetric and asymmetric ...
Trade-off shapes are crucial to evolutionary outcomes. However, due to different ecological feedbacks their implications may depend not only on the trade-off being considered but also the ecological scenario. Here, we apply a novel geometric technique, trade-off and invasion plots (TIPs), to examine in detail how the shape of trade-off relationships affect ...
Mannose-TEMPO functionalized G4-PAMAM dendrimers with increasing mannose loadings have been synthesized and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS and EPR spectroscopy. Analysis of linebroadening effects in the EPR spectra of these dendrimers allowed us to determine the relative presentation of mannose and TEMPO on the dendrimer surface. Hemagglutination assays and ...
