The crevice formed by the tube/tube support plate (T/TSP) intersection in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator is a concentration site for nonvolatile impurities (referred to as hideout) in the steam generator water. The restricted mass trans...

OAK-B135 An Investigation of the Mechanism of IGA/SCC of Alloy 600 in Corrosion Accelerating Heated Crevice Environments. Technical Progress Report. This program focuses on understanding the mechanisms causing corrosion damage to steam generator tubes in ...

OAK-B135 An investigation of the mechanism of IGA/SCC of alloy 600 in corrosion accelerating heated crevice environments. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 4 for the period May 1, 2000 through July 31, 2000

OAK-B135 An Investigation of the Mechanism of IGA/SCC of Alloy 500 in Corrosion Accelerating Heated Crevice Environments. Technical progress report Note: This report was submitted electronically even though Part II A indicates by ''PAPER''.

The crevice formed by the tube/tube support plate (T/TSP) intersection in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator is a concentration site for nonvolatile impurities (referred to as hideout) in the steam generator water. The restricted mass transport in the small crevice volume prevents the species, which concentrate by a thermal/hydraulic ...

The crevice formed by the tube/tube support plate (T/TSP) intersection in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator is a concentration site for nonvolatile impurities (referred to as hideout) in the steam generator water. The restricted mass trans...

A pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator transfers heat from the primary water, heated in the reactor core, to the secondary coolant system. These are shell and tube heat exchangers having the primary water from the reactor inside the tubes and with steam generation on the shell side. This design generates steam on the OD side ...

This program focuses on understanding mechanisms causing corrosion damage to steam generator tubes in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The crevice formed by the tube/tube support plate (T/TSP) intersection in a PWR steam generator is a concentration site for nonvolatile impurities (referred to as hideout) in the steam generator water. The restricted mass transport in the ...

OAK-B135 An Investigation of the Mechanism of IGA/SCC of Alloy 600 in Corrosion Accelerating Heated Crevice Environments. Technical Progress Report. This program focuses on understanding the mechanisms causing corrosion damage to steam generator tubes in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and the effects of the proposed remedial ...

The history of the AL-6X alloy was reviewed and its credentials as a candidate for use as tubing in ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) heat exchangers were examined. Qualification was based on results of accelerated tests using ferric chloride for resistance to crevice corrosion and pitting, long time crevice ...

A necessary condition for crevice corrosion is that a crevice former create a sufficiently tight, restricted geometry on the metal surface to support the development of critical crevice chemistry. Crevice corrosion is affected by the crevice geometry (tightness) and the properties of the ...

The PWR steam generator tube to tubesheet crevice test program was formulated to develop flushing procedures for removing concentrated chemical solutions from partially rolled (deep) tubesheet crevices and to investigate the characteristics of various tube to tubesheet joint crevice configurations with regard to the initiation of ...

The PWR steam generator tube to tubesheet crevice test program was formulated to develop flushing procedures for removing concentrated chemical solutions from partially rolled (deep) tubesheet crevices and to investigate the characteristics of various tube to tubesheet joint crevice configurations with regard to the initiation of ...

The history of the AL-6X alloy is reviewed and its credentials as a candidate for use as tubing in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Heat Exchangers are examined. Qualification is based on results of accelerated tests using ferric chloride for resistance to crevice corrosion and pitting, long-time crevice corrosion ...

... Title : Evaluation by Eddy Current Techniques of Copper Filled Corrosion Crevices in Heat Exchangers,. Corporate Author : ...

The crevice corrosion behavior of 22%Cr duplex stainless steel, which has come into wide use for its high strength and SCC resistance, was investigated in the simulated sour gas conditions below 80/sup 0/C. The crevice corrosion is accelerated by following factors; partial pressure of H2S, temperature, decreasing pH of the test ...

Corrosion on orthopaedic implants has been studied. Twelve intramedullary nails and twelve osteosynthesis plates were implanted up to eight and thirteen years, respectively. Analysis of biological fluids from all patients was carried out and revealed high concentrations of nickel and chromium that correlated to the implantation time. All implants were corroded by both ...

The MSAR corrosion test loop was used to study the effect of VEE-shaped crevices on the corrosion resistance of Zircaloy under boiling heat-transfer conditions in both ammoniated and lithiated water at pH 10.5. Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 were compared under identical geometric, thermal, and hydraulic conditions. An effort was made to study the ...

Argonne National Laboratory has been responsible for the technical management of the OTEC Biofouling, Corrosion, and Materials Program since March 1978. By March of 1981, sensitive field-usable heat-transfer monitors had been developed, extensive open ocean testing had been done, a considerable understanding of the microbiofouling problem had been developed, and commercial ...

Four North Sea pipelines, in two bundles, were internally coated after fabrication using the in situ technique of multiple passes of a slug of paint locked between two pigs. One coat was applied to 9 km of pipeline in 30 min. The entire pipeline was heated by electrical resistance. Extensive laboratory and field testing showed the coating to have very good resistance to ...

The objective of this study is to investigate the composition of corrosion products and the metal surface within a crevice after localized corrosion. The analysis provides insight into the propagation, stifling and arrest processes for crevice corrosion and is part of a program to analyze the evolution of localized corrosion damage over long periods of ...

Objective is to understand the heat transfer characteristics and mechanisms associated with boiling in the annuli of the tube-tube support plate crevices which exist in steam generators. The approach is both analytical and experimental in nature, with a m...

... case was lowered in the heat affected zone. ... Welding, heat treating in salt, and sealing the crevice ... pottilig compound is the most effective method of ...

An international Heated Crevice Seminar, sponsored by the Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Electric Power Research Institute, was held at Argonne National Laboratory on October 7-11, 2002. The objective of the seminar was to provide a working ...

A test methodology for measuring temperature, impedance, pH, and electrochemical potential distributions within a sludge-packed tube support plate crevice in a laboratory test is described. The method successfully showed that there were large concentration gradients between the tube and tube support plate sides of the crevice. The testing also showed that ...

In order to reveal the relation between the corrosion occurence at the heat transfer tubes of the steam generator and boiling phenomena at the narrow crevice which formed between the heat transfer tubes and the baffle plate, temperature flactuation caused...

To investigate the denting phenomenon, the rates of corrosion occurring in simulated tube/support plate crevices were examined by using seven model boilers at 1.11 MPa. The model boilers were operated with all-volatile treatment (morpholine + hydrazine) with 15- and 100-ppm chloride concentrations constituting 10% FeCl/sub 2/, 30% NaCl, and 60% CaCl/sub 2/. It was found that ...

... which change the microstructure of exposed surfaces, can counteract the charge transport/metal hydrolysis mechanism of crevice acidification. ...

... and growth of pitting and crevice corrosion of aluminum alloy 5052 and pure ... for increased corrosion rates of 5000 series aluminum alloys that have ...

The current/potential results show that the crevice corrosion incubation period for a Grade-12 titanium crevice formed between two Teflon plates is about two days at 150/sup 0/C. Optical and SEM observations show that the corrosion starts as isolated pitting which spreads along the surface as shallow pits. The corrosion conditions change significantly as ...

Both the inner and outer tubes of the N-Reactor fuel elements will have self supports spot welded to the lateral heat-transfer surface of the element. A crevice a few mils thick will exist around the weld between the support tab and the cladding. Because of the heat flux through the cladding at this point and the insulating effect of ...

Passive film and accelerated corrosion tests were performed on both wrought AISI 316L stainless steel and wrought Vitallium (Haynes Stellite 25) Charnley Type cement restrictors. The morphology and incidence of corrosion at the wire-wire crevices and the methacrylate-metal crevices were determined by scanning electron microscopy. The ...

An international Heated Crevice Seminar, sponsored by the Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Electric Power Research Institute, was held at Ar...

This topical report describes the design and construction of two Tubesheet Crevice Simulation Apparatus (TCSA's) which were built to reproduce intergranular attack of steam-generator heat-transfer tubing. The units include several design features renderin...

The authors assess a wide range of stainless chromium steels used in platforms and other offshore facilities for their resistance or susceptibility to crevice as well as electrochemical and pitting corrosion in sea water and discuss an electrochemical method, based on the effect of the pH value on the solution potential, which they find determines corrosion resistance under ...

The effect of dissolved oxygen and copper on denting corrosion at 280/sup 0/C in solutions of NaCl at pH 9 with ammonia was investigated using a packed tube/support plate crevice in a laboratory simulation. The onset of corrosion was detected with a hydrogen analyzer sensitive to 0.2 ppB. In the absence of copper, rapidly rising hydrogen concentrations were detected only when ...

A review of crevice and pitting corrosion mechanism and testing techniques is given to understand the fundamental problems involved in determining corrosion rates of alloys to be used as nuclear waste containers. The mechanisms are broken down into two sections, initiation and propagation of the crevice or pit. Theories of initiation include the absorbed ...

Oxide film characterizations and electrochemical measurements were carried out on crevices of austenitic stainless alloys to investigate the acceleration mechanism of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in high-temperature water. When the chromium concentration was sufficient, type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel (SS) and alloy 600 (UNS ...

Corrosion evaluations were conducted on 3003 Alclad, 5052 aluminum, C7 0600 copper-nickel, AL-6X stainless steel, and commercially-pure titanium in natural seawater under simulated OTEC heat exchanger conditions to investigate the erosion-corrosion effects of mechanical tube cleaning. Test conditions of M.A.N. brush cleaning and M.A.N. brush cleaning + chlorination were ...

This report contains two main subjects. One is the newly started investigation of cross flow boiling in tube bundles. The heat transfer information at this condition is of significant importance to horizontal steam generator design. The other one is the continuation of the research on boiling heat transfer in confined spaces. The research on cross flow ...

In shell side boiling heat exchangers narrow crevices that are formed between the tubes and the tube support structure provide areas for local thermal-hydraulic conditions which differ significantly from bulk fluid conditions. Understanding of the process...

Two separate studies are reported. In the first, titanium, stainless alloy AL-6X, Alclad 3003, aluminum alloy 5052, C70600, C72200 and Cu-10Ni-8Sn sheet materials were exposed to ambient temperature, low velocity seawater for 6 months and crevice corrosion and metal-ion concentration cell corrosion evaluations were conducted. Conditions were sufficiently critical to initiate ...

TiCode-12 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni) is a prime corrosion-resistant material for high-level nuclear-waste containers which will be emplaced in mined geologic repositories such as those in rock salt. The crevice corrosion behavior of this alloy was investigated in simulated rock salt brine solutions at a temperature of 150/sup 0/C. A distinct corrosion product with a range of ...

Two separate studies are reported. In the first, titanium, stainless alloy AL-6X, Alclad 3003, aluminum alloy 5052, C70600, C72200 and Cu-10Ni-8Sn sheet materials were exposed to ambient temperature, low velocity seawater for 6 months and crevice corrosio...

In shell-side boiling heat exchangers narrow crevices that are formed between the tubes and the tube support structure provide areas for local conditions which differ significantly from the bulk fluid conditions. A quasi-two-dimensional model which was developed to describe the local phenomena in a vertical, cylindrical crevice was ...

To clarify the concentration behavior of sodium hydroxide, which is a representative impurity in the pressurized water reactor (PWR) secondary water coolant of a heat transfer crevice, an in situ high-temperature aqueous conductivity measurement cell was designed with the simulated tube support plate crevice of a PWR steam generator. ...

Steam generator tubings of a nuclear power plant are very thin to have efficient heat exchange. Steam generator tubings have experienced various types of corrosion damages under the sludge pile and in the tube-tube sheet crevice during operation at high t...

The effects of dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature on the rate of initiation and growth of pitting and crevice corrosion of aluminum alloy 5052 and pure aluminum have been determined. Variations in pH and temperature rather than dissolved oxygen are show...

To help evaluate aluminum alloys for OTEC heat exchanger tubes data on the performance of aluminum in surface and deep sea water has been assembled and computer cataloged. Pitting and crevice corrosion proved to be the types of attack that predominated. T...

The susceptibility or Alloy 22 (N06022) to crevice corrosion may depend on environmental or external factors and metallurgical or internal factors. Some of the most important environmental factors are chloride concentration, inhibitors, temperature and potential. The presence of a weld seam or second phase precipitation in the alloy are classified as internal factors. The ...

Alloy 22 is a nickel base alloy highly resistant to all forms of corrosion. In conditions where tight crevices exist in hot chloride containing solutions and at anodic potentials, Alloy 22 may suffer crevice corrosion, a form of localized attack. The occurrence (or not) of crevice corrosion in a given environment (e.g. salt ...

... ACCELERATION ON THE COOLING PERFORMANCE ... SUBJECT TERMS spray cooling, centrifuge, acceleration, gravity, high heat flux, two-phase ...

... targets results in � Gbar pressures and heating to thermonuclear tempera- tures. ... densities of the accelerated foils are needed for impact ignition. ...

Synchrotron light absorbers intercept synchrotron radiation to protect chamber walls from excessive heat. When subjected to the high temperature of the beam, these absorbers undergo thermal stress. If the stress is too great or fatigues the material, the absorbers may fail. These absorbers are designed to last the lifetime of the machine. Any premature cracking could result in ...

Propeller shafts of AISI type 316 stainless steel (UNS S31600) on server ships suffered severe pitting within 12 days of launching. The corrosion occurred within the water-lubricated stern tubes in a pattern that outlined the bearing staves and the shaft packing seals. This suggested some form of crevice corrosion was involved. Rapid onset of pitting indicated the corrosion ...

Urban heat islands increase the demand for cooling energy and accelerate the formation of smog. They

Turbulent boundary layer heat transfer from rapidly accelerating flow of rocket combustion gases and

The authors present results of an experimental investigation of the influence of accelerations directed along the heat-transfer vector on the operation of heat pipes with separate channels for vapor and liquid.

... Title : LABORATORY EVALUATION OF CREVICE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STAINLESS STEELS,. Corporate Author : ...

... Title : ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS OF CREVICE CORROSION OF TITANIUM IN HOT CONCENTRATED CHLORIDE SOLUTION. ...

A service water system underwent a material replacement program in recent years. The service was a once-through system fed from the Delaware River. The original type 316L stainless steel (SS) and cement-lined carbon steel were replaced with 6% Mo alloy AL-6XN (UNS N08367). The majority of the system was 6% Mo piping connected to type 316L SS valves via gasketed flanges. During several years of ...

In the Phase I SBIR program entitled Remote Sensing of Crevice Corrosion', we demonstrated the feasibility of an electrochemical/magnetic field technique for detecting crevice corrosion. Crevice corrosion is a form of localized corrosion that occurs within crevices or at shielded surfaces where stagnant ...

This patent describes the art of removing corrosive deposits from locations within a heat exchanger in which the heat exchanger is characterized by an enclosed tank containing heat exchanger tubes which are closely packed together and support plates arranged transverse to and sequentially spaced along the longitudinal axis of the ...

corrosion in complex process environments in the presence of inhibitors, Paper 06215, Corrosion/2006. NACE corrosion Localized corrosion is the accelerated attack of a passive metal in a corrosive environment corrosion include pitting on a boldly exposed surface, corrosion in a creviced region shielded from the bulk

Bolts and other fasteners are subject to several forms of accelerated corrosion damage including crevice attack, galvanic potential differences, hydrogen embrittlement, and corrosive solutions attack. Atmospheric corrosion can occur when moisture condenses from the air on fastener surfaces. Metal coatings are often used for protection, but problems can ...

A multi-zone model has been developed that accurately predicts HCCI combustion and emissions. The multizone methodology is based on the observation that turbulence does not play a direct role on HCCI combustion. Instead, chemical kinetics dominates the process, with hotter zones reacting first, and then colder zones reacting in rapid succession. Here, the multi-zone model has been applied to ...

A key component of the Engineered Barrier System (EBS) being designed for containment of spent-fuel and high-level waste at the proposed geological repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada is a two-layer canister. In this particular design, the inner barrier is made of a corrosion resistant material (CRM) such as Alloy 625 or C-22, while the outer barrier is made of a corrosion-allowance material ...

Alloy 22 is a nickel base alloy highly resistant to all forms of corrosion. In very aggressive conditions (e.g. hot concentrated chloride containing brines) Alloy 22 could suffer localized attack, namely pitting and crevice corrosion. Chloride ion is known to be the most detrimental aggressive agent for Alloy 22 and is able to promote crevice corrosion ...

A process for in situ recovery of a tar sand deposit located beneath the earth's surface is disclosed. A number of boreholes are drilled laterally from subsurface tunnels into the lower portion of the tar sands formation. Initially as a displacing means such as steam is injected into the boreholes, the tar sands become viscous and gravity flow into the bottom of the boreholes. Continuing ...

... experiments through burning and heat release are presented. Descriptors : *ACCELERATION, *PROJECTILES, *SUPERSONIC COMBUSTION, * ...

... Descriptors : *ABLATION, *ACCELERATION, *LASER BEAMS, *FUSION( MELTING), HEAT TRANSFER, PLASMAS(PHYSICS), HIGH VELOCITY ...

... OUTER SPACE, *PARTICLE ACCELERATORS ... ANALYSIS, ELECTRONS, PARTICLES, HEATING, RESONANCE, OVERLAP, MASERS ...

... Descriptors : *PLASMA ACCELERATORS, *ELECTRON BEAMS, *PLASMAS(PHYSICS), HEATING, BETATRONS, INTERACTIONS, ...

A workshop on corrosion test procedures for materials to be used as barriers in nuclear waste repositories was conducted August 19 and 20, 1980, at the Battelle Seattle Research Center. The purpose of the meeting was to obtain guidance for the Materials Characterization Center in preparing test procedures to be approved by the Materials Review Board. The workshop identified test procedures that ...

In shell side boiling heat exchangers narrow crevices that are formed between the tubes and the tube support structure provide areas for local thermal-hydraulic conditions which differ significantly from bulk fluid conditions. Understanding of the processes of boiling and dryout in flow restricted crevices can help in designing of tube ...

Wet storage is the predominant mode of storage of spent nuclear fuels. Due to legislation and other constraints, many countries do not reprocess spent fuels and have to store these for extended periods in spent fuel storage pools (SFSPs). Although the water chemistry of the pool is benign, certain factors such as stagnancy of water, crevices, and galvanic contacts between ...

The objective of this project was to review, analyze and evaluate the results of projects on corrosion of tube support structure materials sponsored by EPRI and to apply these results to nuclear steam generators in order to minimize corrosion problems in operating units. The project consisted of three tasks. In Task 1, the results of isothermal corrosion tests performed by Westinghouse and ...

Jan 23, 2001 ... Mechanical tests with no local package heating will significantly overestimate the life of solder joints. Local heating will accelerate life ...

... Accession Number : ADA521400. Title : Acceleration to High Velocities and Heating by Impact Using Nike KrF Laser. Descriptive ...

... Accession Number : ADD438667. Title : Accelerated Heat Age Testing of Phenolics: Morphological Changes Related to Fracture and Voids,. ...

... Mechanism of Crevice Corrosion in Natural Sea Water ... The mechanism of crevice corrosion in natural sea water can be outlined as follows [1]: ...

... Title : Crevice Corrosion of Type 316 and Highly Alloyed Stainless Steels in Simulated Natural Environments Using the Multiple Crevice Assembly,. ...

... Title : Crevice Corrosion in High-Temperature Aqueous Systems Potential/ pH Measurements in Alloy 600 Crevices at 288 C,. Corporate Author : ...

... development of a "Crevice Corrosion Atlas" has been completed; five commercial stainless steels were exposed with Perspex Crevice Assemblies ...

... The heat diffusivity is negligible and give numerical results concerning melting. Keywords: Railguns; Plasma heating; Magnetohydrodynamics. (jhd). ...

Mechanical tests with no local package heating will signicantly overestimate the life of solder joints. Local heating will ...

In PWR power plants, secondary water had been initially treated by sodium phosphate. In the system, however, the wall thinning phenomenon occurred in the Inconel 600 alloy heat exchange tubes at the tube support plate crevice parts in the steam generator....

This book is divided into two parts. Part One is based on lectures on diagnosis, corrosion processes, testing, environmental factors, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, cathodic protection, and effects of stress. Part Two provides an account of the state of the art in several fields of application of metals in marine service: propellers, shafts, pumps, piping systems, ...

Basic tests were made of Cryofit heat shrinkable fittings used with C.P. titanium and Ti-3Al-2.5V tube. Tests included flexural fatigue, tensile, burst, torsion and crevice corrosion. Tube sizes of 1.90 in. and 4.0 in. diameter were tested. There were no ...

It is common knowledge that many heat exchanger (HX) tube failures occur within the first 6 in. (150 mm) of the bundle. Inlet-end erosion, stress corrosion cracking, and crevice corrosion are different types of failure mechanisms that are common in shell-and-tube HX.

Crevice denting, caused by the uncontrolled growth of magnetite in the space between carbon-steel tube-support plates and Inconel heat-exchange tubes is a major cause of concern in nuclear steam generators. This particular form of localized corrosion has ...

Work is described in two related areas: (a) fundamental studies of the dissolution behavior of synthetic magnetite in aqueous chelant solutions as functions of solution pH, temperature, heating time, chelant structure, and the presence of additives, and (b) more applied investigations in which information from the basic studies was utilized in choosing solutions and ...

Artificially creviced Alloy 22 (N06022) specimens may be susceptible to crevice corrosion in presence of hot chloride containing solutions. The presence of oxyanions in the electrolyte, especially nitrate, may inhibit the nucleation and growth of crevice ...

Crevice corrosion is an important mode of localized corrosion to be evaluated for the long-term performance of corrosion resistant alloys in high temperature, aqueous environments. This work focuses on the evolution of corrosion damage of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys in hot brines. For the initiation of crevice corrosion, a critical crevice ...

The objective of this project was to determine the effectiveness of steam generator tubesheet crevice flushing operations when access to the crevice is restricted by particulate matter within the crevice or by a hard sludge pile on top of the tubesheet. T...

Crevice corrosion is currently studied using either one of two techniques depending on the data needed. The first method is a multi-crevice former over a metallic sample; this provides information on the severity of crevice corrosion (depth, position, fre...

Alloy 22 is a nickel base alloy highly resistant to all forms of corrosion. In very aggressive conditions (e.g. hot concentrated chloride containing brines) Alloy 22 could suffer localized attack, namely pitting and crevice corrosion. The occurrence of localized corrosion in a given environment is governed by the values of the critical potential (E{sub crit}) for ...

The effect of biofilms on crevice corrosion of stainless steels (SS) UNS S31603 (type 316L SS), S31725 (type 317LM SS), N08904 (type 904L SS), and N08367 (6XN) in coastal seawater was investigated using the remote crevice assembly technique. One set of naturally initiated tests and one set of preinitiated tests were performed. For UNS N08367, anodes in ...

In this paper the nature of autoignition and knocking is investigated experimentally and theoretically in an optical engine by high speed direct light photography and laser Schlieren filming. Special emphasis is devoted experimentally and theoretically to the role of exothermic centers in the end-gas in initiating knocking combustion and subsequent knock damage to the combustion chamber walls. The ...

A key component of the Engineered Barrier System (EBS) being designed for containment of spent-fuel and high-level waste at the proposed geological repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada is a two-layer canister. In this particular design,the inner barrier is made of a corrosion resistant material (CRM) such as Alloy 625 and C-22, while the outer barrier is made of a corrosion allowance material ...

... Title : GALVANIC CREVICE CORROSION OF CUSTOM 455 ALLOY IN AN OXIDIZER AND SALT WATER ENVIRONMENT. Corporate Author : ...

... Accession Number : ADD110898. Title : CREVICE CORROSION AND ITS RELATION TO STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING,. ...