We provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle-tendon architecture and geometry of the pelvic limb of an elite sprint athlete, the racing greyhound. Specifically, muscle masses, muscle lengths, fascicle lengths, pennation angles and muscle moment arms were measured. Maximum isometric force and power of muscles, the maximum muscle torque at joints ...

We provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle�tendon architecture and geometry of the pelvic limb of an elite sprint athlete, the racing greyhound. Specifically, muscle masses, muscle lengths, fascicle lengths, pennation angles and muscle moment arms were measured. Maximum isometric force and power of muscles, the maximum muscle torque at joints ...

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We provide quantitative muscle�tendon architecture and geometry data for the racing greyhound thoracic limb. Muscle mass, belly length, fascicle lengths, pennation angles and moment arms were measured, as were tendon masses and lengths. Maximum isometric force and maximum power were estimated for muscles, and maximum stress and strain were estimated for tendons. Results are ...

SummaryAnimals in their natural environments are confronted with a regular need to perform rapid accelerations (for example when escaping from predators or chasing prey). Such acceleration requires net positive mechanical work to be performed on the centre of mass by skeletal muscle. Here we determined how pelvic ...

...structure during testing, pelvic lateral acceleration injury criteria must be substantiated by...similar seat installation. Pelvic lateral acceleration may not exceed 130g. Pelvic acceleration data must be processed as defined in...

Exogenous thyroid hormone (TH) induces premature differentiation of the zebrafish pectoral fins, which are analogous to the forelimbs of tetrapods. It accelerates the growth of the pelvic fins but not precociously. Goitrogens, which are chemical inhibitors of TH synthesis by the thyroid gland, inhibit the transition from larva to juvenile fish including ...

Selective breeding for performance has resulted in distinct breeds of horse, such as the Quarter Horse (bred for acceleration) and the Arab (bred for endurance). Rapid acceleration, seen during Quarter Horse racing, requires fast powerful muscular contraction and the generation of large joint torques, particularly by the hind limb ...

We provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle�tendon units of the equine pelvic limb. Specifically, we recorded muscle mass, fascicle length, pennation angle, tendon mass and tendon rest length. Physiological cross sectional area was then determined and maximum isometric force estimated. There was proximal-to-distal reduction in muscle volume and ...

We provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle-tendon architecture of the hare pelvic limb (specifically muscle mass, fascicle length, pennation angle, tendon mass and length). In addition, moment arms of major pelvic limb muscles were measured. Maximum isometric force and power of muscles, the moment of ...

We provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle�tendon architecture of the hare pelvic limb (specifically muscle mass, fascicle length, pennation angle, tendon mass and length). In addition, moment arms of major pelvic limb muscles were measured. Maximum isometric force and power of muscles, the moment of ...

The movements of the right hind limb of horses with normal locomotion were studied using cinephotography and electromyography. A model of the cycle of a stride in the walk and the trot was constructed and the kinetic parameters of the segments of the limb were calculated. A good correlation was obtained between the kinetics and the periods of the cycle of ...

The origins and insertions of the muscles of the pelvic limb of the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) are illustrated and described. The results based on the dissection of two adult specimens are compared with those of other investigations on the myology of the Mustelids. The musculature of the pelvic limb of ...

processes of lumbar vertebra 7 and sacral vertebra 1, the sciatic nerve and .... and hypokinesia on the arterial bed of pelvic limb muscles in the rabbit ...

consistent with syringomyelia (cervical scoliosis, cervical hyperaesthesia, lower motor neuron signs thoracic:....................................................................................... .................................................................................................... Syringomyelia No clinical signs Shoulder scratching Neck pain Scoliosis Pelvic ...

The pelvic fins of teleosts are paired appendages that are considered to be homologous to the hind limbs of tetrapods. Because they are less important for swimming, their morphology and function can be flexibly modified, and such modifications have probably facilitated the adaptations of teleosts to various environments. Recently, among these ...

This paper describes a cat with severe localised infections with Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complex and Mycobacterium avium affecting the subcutis and underlying fascia and bone of the right pelvic limb. The simultaneous isolation of both pathogens in this patient was unexpected and posed unique issues concerning both diagnosis and clinical ...

Two grey mares, a 12-year-old Arabian and a 13-year-old Lippizaner cross, were referred for chronic pelvic limb lameness and abduction of the limb during the non supporting phase of the stride. The clinical examination revealed melanomas under the tail and on the perineum, and oedema of the proximal lame limb. A ...

Gross dissection for demonstrating anatomy of the human pelvis has traditionally involved one of two approaches, each with advantages and disadvantages. Classic hemisection in the median plane through the pelvic ring transects the visceral organs but maintains two symmetric pelvic halves. An alternative paramedial transection compromises one side of the ...

BACKGROUND: Malignant pelvic tumors frequently pose challenges to surgeons owing to complex pelvic anatomy and local extension. External hemipelvectomy frequently allows adequate margins but is associated with substantial morbidity and reduced function. Limb salvage is an alternative approach when adequate margins can be achieved, but ...

Objectives: To document the contributions of trial repetition, limb side, and intra-day and inter-week measurements on variation in vertical and craniocaudal ground reaction force data. Methods: Following habituation, force and time data were collected for all four limbs of seven Labrador Retrievers during sets of five valid trot trials. Each set was ...

An aged, wild-caught, male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), maintained in a research facility for 10 years, developed bilateral pelvic limb paralysis without other signs of disease. Unresponsive to therapy, the monkey was euthanatized and necropsied. Chron...

An aged wild-caught male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), maintained in a research facility for 10 years, developed bilateral pelvic limb paralysis without other signs of disease. Unresponsive to therapy, the monkey was killed and necropsied. Chronic infla...

... sp. nov. (PIN N 3042/1) TABLE 2. Measurements of limb and pelvic girdle bones of Ferganasaurus verzilini, gen. ... ...

A four-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever, which had undergone bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) at the age of eight months, was presented with severe progressive shifting pelvic limb lameness for a duration of three months prior to presentation. The dog had multiple episodes of showing signs of excruciating pain, as well ...

Atmospheric Kelvin waves, as revealed by temperatures obtained from the recent Limb Infrared Monitor

The ability of a quadruped to apply propulsive ground reaction forces (GRF) during rapid acceleration may be limited by muscle power, foot traction or the ability to counteract the nose-up pitching moment due to acceleration. Because the biomechanics of acceleration change, both throughout the stride cycle and over subsequent strides ...

Differences in pelvic obliquity between small groups of persons with unilateral lower limb amputation and subjects without amputation were analyzed. Kinematic walking data were collected as six males with transtibial amputation and three males with transfemoral amputation walked over a range of speeds. The pelvic obliquity patterns and ...

Vertical shear pelvic ring fractures have been described as being produced only by a force directed cephalad, typically from falls or motor vehicle collisions. We report a seemingly similar vertical injury with the displacement of the hemipelvis being caudad rather than cephalad. Caudad displacement of the hemipelvis might disrupt the pelvic floor and ...

Al?Awadi/Raas?Rothschild (AARR) syndrome is a rare phocomelia syndrome characterized by limb/pelvic hypoplasia/aplasia, renal anomalies such as horseshoe and polycystic kidney, and abnormal facial features including cleft palate, hypertelorism and micro?retrognatia. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been proposed for AARR syndrome. In this report a boy affected with AARR ...

Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild (AARR) syndrome is a rare phocomelia syndrome characterized by limb/pelvic hypoplasia/aplasia, renal anomalies such as horseshoe and polycystic kidney, and abnormal facial features including cleft palate, hypertelorism and micro-retrognatia. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been proposed for AARR syndrome. In this report a boy affected with AARR ...

Osteosarcomas require aggressive medical and surgical treatments that frequently result in impaired musculoskeletal function. Amputation was formerly a treatment of choice for patients with sarcomas in an extremity. Although there has been controversy over the relative benefits of amputation and limb sparing, it is undeniable that limb sparing is becoming ...

BACKGROUND: Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node biopsy (SNB) combined with intra-operative gamma-probe detection often identifies nodes within the pelvis. This study investigates the role of pelvic SNB harvest. METHODS: Retrospective review of eighty-two stage I/II melanoma patients with primary tumour on the lower limb and trunk who ...

Some freshwater turtles appear unable to produce eggs large enough to achieve the balance between size and number of eggs predicted by optimal egg size theory. We present evidence that pelvic girdle structure constrains egg size and thus offspring size in females of smaller-bodied species (Chrysemys picta and Deirochelys reticularia). The constraint is demonstrated by the ...

The functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) was investigated in order to assess musculoskeletal specialization related to locomotor performance. The pelvic limbs of ten ostriches were dissected and detailed measurements of all muscle tendon units of the pelvic ...

The functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) was investigated in order to assess musculoskeletal specialization related to locomotor performance. The pelvic limbs of ten ostriches were dissected and detailed measurements of all muscle tendon units of the pelvic ...

An investigation was made of the stride characteristics of horses jumping 2 obstacles during a Grand Prix competition. One obstacle was a picket fence and rail 1.3 m high (fence 2), and the other was a coop and rail 1.52 m high (fence 11). Thirteen distance and 22 timing measurements of 17 horses were extracted from high-speed films, using computer-aided analysis. These data were used to compare ...

Motion of the femur and pelvis during hip flexion has been examined previously, but principally in the sagittal plane and during nonfunctional activities. In this study we examined femoral elevation in the sagittal plane and pelvic rotation in the sagittal and frontal planes while subjects flexed their hips to ascend single steps. Fourteen subjects ascended single steps of 4 ...

Resistant hip infection in adults can be a complicated problem that does not respond to surgical and medical treatment. In such cases, the only remaining option is excision arthroplasty. This line of treatment can eradicate the infection but also is associated with poor function. In some cases, conversion of excision arthroplasty to artificial joint replacement is associated with too great a risk ...

Objectives: To determine whether the canine pelvic limb can be considered a linkage of rigid bodies during kinematic analysis. Methods: The lengths of the femur and tibia based on skin markers were examined throughout gait cycles in six dogs trotting on a treadmill at 2 m/sec. The angular kinematics of the hip, stifle and tarsal joints were calculated ...

We describe a minimally-invasive and reproducible method to measure canine pelvic limb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric contractions. The pelvic limb of an anesthetized dog is immobilized in a stereotactic frame to align the tibia at a right angle to the femur. Adhesive wrap affixes the paw ...

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is an integral part of both the lumbar spine and the pelvic girdle. It is frequently the source of low back pain and pelvic girdle pain. Recent research has permitted a deeper understanding of its function and assessment. The mechanical assessment of the SIJ as a transmitter of load between trunk and lower ...

A conjoined twin is a rarity. It occurs 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 2,00,000 fetuses. Forty percent of the conjoined twins are stillborn and an additional one-third die within 24 h of birth. They result from late twinning events about 14th day after fertilization. We report a case of stillborn conjoined twins sent for autopsy. The bodies of the fetuses were fused from the thorax to the pelvis. There were ...

Pelvic discontinuity is a complex entity with a high surgical complication rate and no standardized treatment to date. Revision hip arthroplasty in cases of massive bone loss remains a difficult and unsolved problem. The goal of the surgeon is to preserve limb function by restoring bone stock and the biomechanics of the hip. In cases of severe acetabular ...

... stress fracture cases a% local Sports Medicine Clinics will ... proximal medical tibial condylar stress fractures will ... when hopping on the affected limb is ...

The biodynamic response of the femur during passively restrained impact acceleration was studied. Tests were conducted on eleven unembalmed cadavers. Bending moments along the femoral shaft were found to be high although only one cadaver sustained bilater...

The oblique projection is used widely in imaging of the lower vascular tree. Much of the evidence justifying the oblique projection is anecdotal. This study compares the sensitivity of the anteroposterior (AP) projection alone in lower limb vascular catheter angiography to that combined with the oblique projection. 110 digitally subtracted angiograms were analysed initially on ...

Treadmill walking was used to assess the consistent gait differences between six individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis and six non-disabled, healthy controls at matched speeds. The hemiparetic subjects walked on the treadmill at their comfortable speeds, while each control walked at the same speed as the hemiparetic subject with whom he or she was matched. Kinematic and insole pressure data ...

Presence of Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Rickettsia burnetii, influenza type B, herpes and adenoviruses was detected by immunofluorescence in artery fragments collected from patients with arteriopathy. Pathohistological examination of the samples revealed inflammatory--lympho-histiocytic infiltration--and mostly dystrophic alterations. Arteriopathies were localised mostly at the ...

A 1.5-year-old, intact, male dog was presented for degloving wounds to the distal pelvic limbs due to vehicular trauma. Treatment involved serial debridement of the wounds and use of the scrotal skin as a full thickness, meshed skin graft applied to the dorsal aspect of the left pes with a successful outcome.

Persistent cloaca and caudal duplication are 2 rare anomalies of embryogenesis that can present with a wide variety of pelvic malformations. Here we present the rare case of a female born with both abnormalities. The infant was born with a single introitus, an imperforate anus, a didelphys uterus, a duplicated cervix and vagina, and accessory limb and ...

A 21-month-old, castrated male Vizsla was presented for pelvic limb weakness, difficulty opening his mouth, ptyalism, voice change, and urinary incontinence. Myasthenia gravis and masticatory myositis were diagnosed. The unusual clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and case outcome are described, followed by a brief discussion of myasthenia gravis and ...

With 24 figures Summary The pelvic limb of the ostrich is innervated by the lumbar and sacral plexuses. The lumbar plexus gave rise to several nerves (N.s) including, N. coxalis cranialis, lateral and cranial femoral cutaneous N.s, N. femoralis, cranial, caudal and medial crural cutaneous N.s, and N. obturatorius. The remaining nerves emanated from the ...

An 18-month-old, intact male Akita presented with a 12-month history of progressive ataxia, hypermetria, and loss of conscious proprioception of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Neurological examination and myelography localized a lesion at cervical vertebrae 1 and 2 consistent with an arachnoid cyst. Hemilaminectomy and cyst fenestration led to virtually ...

A 10-year-old cocker spaniel bitch presented with severe lumbosacral pain and acute onset left pelvic limb lameness. A diagnosis of asymmetric lumbosacral transitional vertebra with disc protrusion at L6-L7 was made by computed tomography. The cauda equina and left L6 nerve root were surgically decompressed with a dorsal laminectomy and lateral ...

The coordination of pelvic visceral activity with appropriate elimination behaviors is a complex task that requires reciprocal communication between the brain and pelvic organs. Barrington's nucleus, located in the pons, is central to a circuit involved in this function. Barrington's nucleus neurons project to both pelvic visceral ...

Two horses with ataxia of all four limbs were found to have cervical intervertebral disc protrusion. Severe pelvic limb ataxia, proprioceptive deficits and spasticity were present in both horses with similar but less severe signs in the thoracic limbs. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was within normal limits. ...