Berkeley national Laboratory, Sonoma State University Search the SNAP site: Search HOME SCIENCE PROJECT TEAM (private) EDUCATION AND PUBLIC INFO The SuperNova Acceleration Probe...
Science.gov Websites
The Supernova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will use Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) as distance indicators to measure the effect of dark energy on the expansion history of the Universe. (SNAP's weak-lensing program is described in a separate White Paper.) The ex...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
For true insight into the nature of dark energy, measurements of the precision and accuracy of the Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) are required. Precursor or scaleddown experiments are unavoidably limited, even for distinguishing the cosmological cons...
The Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a proposed space-based experiment designed to study the dark energy and alternative explanations of the acceleration of the Universe's expansion by performing a series of complementary systematics-controlled astr...
Precision near infrared (NIR) measurements are essential for the next generation of ground and space based instruments. The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will measure thousands of type Ia supernovae up to a redshift of 1.7. The highest redshift supe...
The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) instrument is being designed to collect image and spectroscopic data for the study of dark energy in the universe. In this paper, we describe a distributed architecture for the data acquisition system which interfac...
SNAP, the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe, is an experiment designed to learn the nature of dark energy by precisely measuring the expansion history of the ...
NASA Website
For true insight into the nature of dark energy, measurements of the precision and accuracy of the Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) are required. Precursor or scaled-down experiments are unavoidably limited, even for distinguishing the cosmological constant. They can pave the way for, but should not delay, SNAP ...
DOE Information Bridge
A new generation of near infrared (NIR) detectors have been developed by Teledyne for the SNAP/JDEM (SuperNova/Acceleration Probe) project. The new detectors are hybridized HgCdTe on a multiplexer with indium bump bonded. Since 2004, Teledyne and the SNAP collaboration have tried to characterize and improve the ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
SNAP is a candidate for the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) that seeks to place constraints on the dark energy using two distinct methods. The first, Type Ia SN, is discussed in a separate white paper. The second method is weak gravitational lensing, whi...
Recent progress on the development of radiation-tolerant, red-sensitive CCDs for the SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) satellite is presented. These CCDs are fully-depleted, thick (200-300 micron), p-channel devices fabricated on high-resistivity n-type silicon. The latest generation of SNAP CCDs can be operated ...
Apr 16, 2001 ... He received his Ph.D. in physics from Harvard in 1984, was a CERN scientific associate from 1984-1985, a post-doc at the Stanford Linear ...
Large format (1k x 1k and 2k x 2k) near infrared detectors manufactured by Rockwell Scientific Center and Raytheon Vision Systems are characrerized as part of the near infrared R&D effort for SNAP (the Super-Nova/Acceleration Probe). These are hybridized ...
Mission requirements, the baseline design, and optical systems budgets for the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) telescope are presented. SNAP is a proposed space-based experiment designed to study dark energy and alternate explanations of the acceleration of the universe"s expansion by ...
Unexpected discoveries? A cutaway view of SNAP's image plane showing CCD and HgCdTe detector arrays noise HgCdTe infrared devices: high QE from 0.9�1.7 �m low noise Integral Field 0.35�1.7 �m Spectrograph
E-print Network
The SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) mission will require a two-meter class telescope delivering diffraction limited images spanning a one degree field in the visible and near infrared wavelength regime. This requirement, equivalent to nearly one billion pixel resolution, places stringent demands on its optical system in terms of ...
Energy Citations Database
A number of large format (1k � 1k and 2k � 2k) near-IR detectors manufactured by Teledyne Scientific & Imaging (formerly Rockwell Scientific) and Raytheon Vision Systems have been characterized as part of the near infrared R&D effort for SNAP (the SuperNova / Acceleration Probe). The majority of these detectors are ...
Accelerated wet mercury vapor erosion testing of candidate SNAP-8 turbine rotor and nozzle materials
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The proposed SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) mission will have a two-meter class telescope delivering diffraction-limited images to an instrumented 0.7 square-degree field sensitive in the visible and near-infrared wavelength regime. We describe the requirements for the instrument suite and the evolution of the focal plane design ...
The proposed SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) mission will have a two-meter class telescope delivering diffraction-limited images to an instrumented 0.7 square degree field in the visible and near-infrared wavelength regime. The requirements for the instrument suite and the present configuration of the focal plane concept are ...
A well-adapted spectrograph concept has been developed for the SNAP (SuperNova/Acceleration Probe) experiment. The goal is to ensure proper identification of Type Ia supernovae and to standardize the magnitude of each candidate by determining explosion parameters. An instrument based on an integral field method with the powerful ...
... SPACE PROBES, RADIOISOTOPE BATTERIES), (*SOLAR SATELLITES ... ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SNAP(SYSTEMS FOR ...
DTIC Science & Technology
. No Big Bang 1 20 1 2 3 expands forever -1 0 1 2 3 2 3 closed recollapses eventually Supernovae CMB + weak p/ eviden ilarly negative-pressure vacuum energy ("dark energy") has received strong theory (w = �1/3) is already ruled out, domain walls (w = 2/3) are disfavored, and tracking quintessence
The nature of dark energy is of such fundamental importance -- yet such a mystery -- that a dedicated dark energy experiment should be as comprehensive and powerfully incisive as possible. The Supernova/Acceleration Probe robustly controls for a wide variety of systematic uncertainties, employing the Type Ia supernova distance method, with high signal to ...
in two types: shortwave HgCdTe and InGaAs arrays. They have been extensively compared in terms of noise for the SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) Program. We can find a comparison of the Rockwell HgCdTe detector efficiency, of around 80%. At 140 K, HgCdTe detectors present better dark current than InGaAs detectors
The SNAP satellite will survey 20 square degrees down to magnitude R=30.4 with coadded images to m(AB)=32. This is 13000 times the area of the HDF and 6300 times the area of the ACS, to about the same depth and resolution. Like the Hubble Deep Field, SNAP survey data will be eminently combinable with other observations and analyses. It can act as a feeder ...
The Supernova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a space experiment to measure the cosmological parameters and investigate the properties of the dark energy. The SNAP science goals require the control of measurement systematics using high resolution, high signal-to-noise photometric and spectrocopic observations. These ...
The Supernova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will use Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) as distance indicators to measure the effect of dark energy on the expansion history of the Universe. (SNAP's weak-lensing program is described in a separate White Paper.) The experiment exploits supernova distance measurements up ...
Precision near infrared (NIR) measurements are essential for the next generation of ground and space based instruments. The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will measure thousands of type Ia supernovae upto a redshift of 1.7. The highest redshift supernovae provide the most leverage for determining cosmological parameters, in ...
Large format (1k x 1k and 2k x 2k) near infrared detectors manufactured by Rockwell Scientific Center and Raytheon Vision Systems are characterized as part of the near infrared R&D effort for SNAP (the Super-Nova/Acceleration Probe). These are hybridized HgCdTe focal plane arrays with a sharp high wavelength cut-off at 1.7 um. ...
Dec 25, 2004 ... From this control center, ESA engineers will be tracking the probe and scientists will be standing by to process the data from the probe's ...
To probe theoretical models of dark energy and predictions of the expansion of the universe, observational techniques are needed that offer reduced random and systematic errors. The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a spaceborne observatory to study dark energy using type Ia supernovae and gravitational weak ...
The SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will measure precisely the cosmological expansion history over both the acceleration and deceleration epochs and thereby constrain the nature of the dark energy that dominates our universe today. The SNAP focal plane contains equal areas of optical CCDs ...
We propose consistency tests for the cosmological constant which provide a direct observational signal if Lambda is wrong, regardless of the densities of matter and curvature. As an example of its utility, our flat case test can warn of a small transition of the equation of state w(z) from w(z)=-1 of 20% from SNAP (Supernova Acceleration ...
PubMed
The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) instrument is being designed to collect image and spectroscopic data for the study of dark energy in the universe. In this paper, we describe a distributed architecture for the data acquisition system which interfaces to visible light and infrared imaging detectors. The architecture includes the ...
The SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a space-based experiment to measure the expansion history of the Universe and study both its dark energy and the dark matter. The experiment is motivated by the startling discovery that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. A 0.7 square-degree imager comprised of ...
The SuperNova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a space-based experiment to measure the expansion history of the Universe and study both its dark energy and the dark matter. The experiment is motivated by the startling discovery that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. A 0.7~square-degree imager comprised ...
forever? � Is the universe infinite? � What is the universe made of? An unusual moment in human history, and PLANCK. #12;20 21 22 23 24 25 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.1 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 0.40.2 0.6 1.0 0.40.2 32 4 5 6 7 8 0.e., the universe is not "coming to an end"). In the simplest models, it will expand forever. 2
The Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a proposed space-borne observatory that will survey the sky with a wide-field optical/NIR imager. The images produced by SNAP will have an unprecedented combination of depth, solid-angle, angular resolution, and temporal sampling. Two 7.5 square-degree fields will be ...
A wide field space-based imaging telescope is necessary to fully exploit the technique of observing dark matter via weak gravitational lensing. This first paper in a three part series outlines the survey strategies and relevant instrumental parameters for such a mission. As a concrete example of hardware design, we consider the proposed Supernova/Acceleration ...
We examine the utility of very high redshift Type Ia supernovae for cosmology and systematic uncertainty control. Next generation space surveys such as the Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will obtain thousands of supernovae at z>1.7, beyond the design redshift for which the supernovae will be exquisitely characterized. We ...
The SuperNova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will measure approximately 2000 type Ia supernovae from redshift z=0.3 to 1.7 in nine photometric bands and perform a wide area weak lensing survey. This requires radiation hard CCDs with high resolution, low noise, low dark current, and high quantum efficiency (QE) from blue to near-infrared ...
We present the results of a study of the performance of InGaAs detectors conducted for the SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) dark energy mission concept. Low temperature data from a nominal 1.7um cut-off wavelength 1kx1k InGaAs photodiode array, hybridized to a Rockwell H1RG multiplexer suggest that InGaAs detector performance is ...
The effects of simulated space vehicle vibration, acceleration and shock on the operation and efficiency of a SNAP-III thermoelectric generator are described. The test specifications were developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratories for the third stage and payload of the Vega Vehicle. (auth)
Results of an express Monte Carlo analysis with the MARS14 code of radiation load to the CCD optical detectors in the Supernova Acceleration Project (SNAP) mission presented for realistic radiation environment over the satellite orbit.
We describe snap-to-it probes, a novel probe technology to enhance the hybridization specificity of natural and unnatural nucleic acid oligomers using a simple and readily introduced structural motif. Snap-to-it probes were prepared from peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers by modifying each ...
PubMed Central
The accelerating expansion of the Universe is one of the most surprising and potentially profound discoveries of modern cosmology. Measuring the acceleration well enough to meaningfully constrain interesting physical models requires improvements an order of magnitude beyond on-going and near-term experiments. The Supernova/Acceleration ...
SNAP is a candidate for the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) that seeks to place constraints on the dark energy using two distinct methods. The first, Type Ia SN, is discussed in a separate white paper. The second method is weak gravitational lensing, which relies on the coherent distortions in the shapes of background galaxies by foreground mass structures. The excellent ...
The point spread function (PSF) is an important measure of spatial resolution in CCDs for point-like objects, since it affects image quality and spectroscopic resolution. We present new data and theoretical developments for lateral charge diffusion in thick, fully-depleted charge-coupled devices (CCDs) developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Because they can be over-depleted, ...
Nov 13, 2007 ... Three of the moons -- Ganymede, Callisto and Europa -- are suspected of holding oceans of water beneath their icy surfaces. ...
The ability to specifically attach chemical probes to individual proteins represents a powerful approach to the study and manipulation of protein function in living cells. It provides a simple, robust and versatile approach to the imaging of fusion proteins in a wide range of experimental settings. However, a potential drawback of detection using chemical ...
For integral field spectroscopy R&D activities in progress at LAM, and particularly in relation with SNAP - SuperNova/Acceleration Probe - spectrograph, LAM has an on-going program to qualify Image Slicers for space instrumentation. In this context, an optomechanical concept of an image slicer supported by three bipods has been ...
We describe a prototype of an illumination system, the Ring of Fire (ROF), which is used as part of an internal calibration system for large focal plane detector arrays in TMA (Three Mirror Anastigmat) telescope designs. Such designs have been proposed for the SNAP (SuperNova Acceleration Probe) version of a Joint Dark Energy Mission ...
It may be difficult to single out the best model of dark energy on the basis of the existing and planned cosmological observations, because many different models can lead to similar observational consequences. However, each particular model can be studied and either found consistent with observations or ruled out. In this paper, we concentrate on the possibility to test and rule out the simplest ...
We present the results of a detailed study of the noiseperformance of candidate NIR detectors for the proposed Super-NovaAcceleration Probe. Effects of Fowler sampling depth and frequency,temperature, exposure time, detector material, detector reverse-bias andmultiplexer type are quantified. We discuss several tools for determiningwhich sources of low ...
The study is addressed to the development of accelerated reliability test methods for long lived mechanical and electromechanical parts. The parts studied were a subminiature snap-action switch, a crystal can relay, a mechanical seal, and a rubber timing ...
... Accession Number : AD0193078. Title : MOBILE LINEAR ACCELERATOR PROBES BIG WELDS. Corporate Author : Report Date : FEB 1961. ...
We estimate and remove the contamination of weak gravitational lensing measurements by the intrinsic alignment of close pairs of galaxies. We do this by investigating both the aperture mass B mode statistic, and the shear correlations of close and distant pairs of galaxies. These can be used to quantify non-lensing effects in weak lensing surveys. We reanalyse the COMBO-17 survey, and study ...
mission's primary scientific goal: to understand how the Sun's corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. Solar Probe will revolutionize our ...
The Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a proposed space-based experiment designed to study the dark energy and alternative explanations of the acceleration of the Universes expansion by performing a series of complementary systematics-controlled astrophysical measurements. We here describe a self-consistent ...
The Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a proposed space-based experiment designed to study the dark energy and alternative explanations of the acceleration of the Universe's expansion by performing a series of complementary systematics-controlled astrophysical measurements. We here describe a ...
... In a discussion of plasma diagnostics, the techniques of Langmuir probes, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, spectroscopy, and photography are ...
This work describes a method for tracking the dynamics of electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive MEMS structures during ESD events, as well as a model for determining the reduced combdrive snap-in voltage under vibration and shock. We describe our ESD test setup, based on the human body model, and optimized for high impedance devices. A brief description of the MEMS tunable ...
... as a probe of dark matter and dark energy Projects Wide-Field Infrared Survey ... Rhodes, J., Refregier, A. & the SNAP Weak Lensing Working Group,"Weak ...
The point spread function (PSF) is an important measure ofspatial resolution in CCDs for point-like objects, since it can affectuse in imaging and spectroscopic applications. We present new data andtheoretical developments in the study of lateral charge diffusion inthick, fully-depleted charge-coupled devices (CCDs) developed at LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Because they are fully ...
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a potent small-molecule oxidant that can exert a diverse array of physiological and/or pathological effects within living systems depending on the timing and location of its production, accumulation, trafficking, and consumption. To help study the chemistry and biology of this reactive oxygen species (ROS) in its native cellular context, we now present a new method ...
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a potent small-molecule oxidant that can exert a diverse array of physiological and/or pathological effects within living systems depending on the timing and location of its production, accumulation, trafficking, and consumption. To help study the chemistry and biology of this reactive oxygen species (ROS) in its native ...
... Accession Number : ADA129723. Title : Prospects for Optical Probing of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Ablatively-Accelerated Foil Targets. ...
Microwave heating accelerates quantitative squaraine rotaxane formation by slipping and facilitates production of a bacterial imaging probe with zinc dipicolylamine targeting ligands.
In recent years a plethora of future surveys has been suggested to constrain the nature of dark energy. In this paper we adapt a binning approach to the equation of state factor 'w' and discuss how future weak lensing, galaxy cluster counts, supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillation surveys constrain the equation of state at different redshifts. We analyse a few representative future surveys, ...
... This group includes only two species; the alligator snapping turtle and common snapping turtles. Alligator snapping turtles ...
... Pagination or Media Count : 56. Abstract : An electron probe is a finely focused beam of electrons accelerated through a potential of 5 to 40kv. ...
... Wray, CAPTAIN, MC, USN Director Aviation Medical Acceleration ... composition of the breathing gas, and in ... systems of small space bio- probes has ...
In this paper, we propose an energy-harvesting device that uses snap-through buckling for mechanical frequency-up conversion. The proposed device consists of buckled slender bridges with a proof mass and cantilever beams attached on them. When subjected to a low-frequency vibration above the threshold acceleration value, the buckled bridges ...
Studies on the effect of temperature on whole-animal performance traits other than locomotion are rare. Here we investigate the effects of temperature on the performance of the turtle feeding apparatus in a defensive context. We measured bite force and the kinematics of snapping in the Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) over a wide range of body ...
Correct adjustment of the UNILAC accelerating structures requires precise knowledge of the intensity distribution of the beam in a longitudinal phase space. Electromagnetic measurement procedures can fill this role when the applied probes and the accessor...
This tutorial paper discusses, at a basic level, some of the diagnostics used in plasma accelerators laboratories. Covered are measurements of laser beams, using probe laser beams to characterize the plasma itself (as opposed to the plasma wave accelerating structure) in various ways, including density fluctuations in the plasma and ...
Some applications of particle accelerators in chemistry and biology are presented and discussed. Accent is placed on the use of electron storage rings to produce synchrotron radiation, the use of electron accelerators to probe the kinetic properties of shortlived chemical entities and on the radiation biological and biomedical uses of ...
The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator group develops accelerating structures based on dielectric loaded waveguides. We use high charge short electron bunches to excite wakefields in dielectric loaded structures, and a second (low charge) beam to probe the wak...
Equivalence-principle experiments with ordinary matter probe the gravivector acceleration of antimatter in the same way as do direct measurements of antimatter in free fall and set stringent upper limits on the gravivector acceleration of antimatter predicted by certain quantum-gravity models.
Basic considerations of lens detection and identification indicate that a wide field survey of the types planned for weak lensing and Type Ia SNe with SNAP are close to optimal for the optical detection of strong lenses. Such a ''piggy-back'' survey might be expected even pessimistically to provide a catalogue of a few thousand new strong ...
The current collection characteristics of a moving cylindrical Langmuir probe are evaluated for a range of probe speeds and potentials which are applicable to earth and planetary measurements. The current expressions derived include the cases of the general accelerated current, sheath area limited current, orbital motion ...
Snap discs made of bimetal have many technical applications as thermostats. Jumping discs are a toy version of such snap discs. Besides giving technical information, we describe physical investigations. We show especially how, through simple measurements and calculations, you can determine the initial speed ([approximately equal to]3.5 m s[superscript ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Commercial DNA hybridization assays (Syngene, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) utilizing alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probes for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and M. avium complex (MAC) were evaluated with 261 isolates of mycobacteria. On the basis of biochemical criteria, the test for MAC was 98% specific and more sensitive (95 of 99, 95%) ...
Protein turnover critically influences many biological functions, yet methods have been lacking to assess this parameter in�vivo. Here, we demonstrate how chemical labeling of SNAP-tag fusion proteins can be exploited to measure the half-life of resident intracellular and extracellular proteins in living mice. First, we demonstrate that SNAP-tag ...
Higher energy accelerators continue to play an important role in nuclear physics, probing ever more deeply into the properties and behavior of the constituents of nuclear matter. Three main projectile-types currently used are electrons, light hadrons (protons, mesons) and heavy ions; each addresses different aspects of the reaction process. Current and ...
Genetically encoded fluorescent sensor proteins offer the possibility to probe the concentration of key metabolites in living cells. The approaches currently used to generate such fluorescent sensor proteins lack generality, as they require a protein that undergoes a conformational change upon metabolite binding. Here we present an approach that overcomes this limitation. Our ...
... Page. The SNAP -Ed Connection is a dynamic online resource center for State and local SNAP -Ed providers. ... In the News. Information ...
USDA Food and Nutrition Center
Virtual impactors are currently being used in a number of instruments to separate an aerosol into different size ranges. The virtual impactor is a variation of the standard impactor in which the impaction surface is replaced by an orifice into which particles can pass and be collected or counted. We have made an experimental study of the collection characteristics of virtual impactors. The ...
