The indirect secondary electron contrast (ISEC) condition of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) produces high contrast detection with minimal damage of unstained biological samples mounted under a thin carbon film. The high contrast image is created by a secondary electron signal produced under the carbon film by a low acceleration voltage. Here, we ...

The indirect secondary electron contrast (ISEC) condition of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) produces high contrast detection with minimal damage of unstained biological samples mounted under a thin carbon film. The high contrast image is created by a secondary electron signal produced under the carbon film by a low acceleration voltage. Here, we ...

The mechanisms which ultimately limit the voltage of large accelerators are discussed in the light of the operating experiences of the NSF tandem. 3 refs.

... Title : VOLTAGE ACCELERATION FACTOR VS. LONGEVITY AND CORONA DISCHARGES OF MICA CAPACITORS. Corporate Author : ...

... Title : NMOS VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN CHARACTERISTICS COMPARED WITH ACCELERATED LIFE TESTS AND FIELD USE DATA. ...

... (Author). Descriptors : (*LINEAR ACCELERATORS, VOLTAGE REGULATORS), (*VOLTAGE REGULATORS, KLYSTRONS), PULSES, THESES. ...

... waveguide accelerators at the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute; High voltage artificial shaping lines for modulators of linear accelerators; A nanosecond ...

In a particle accelerator of the type employing ac primary power and a voltage multiplication apparatus to achieve the required high dc accelerating voltage, a filament supply circuit is powered by a portion of the ac primary power appearing at the last stage of the voltage multiplier. ...

Improvement in voltage regulation in a Linear Induction Accelerator wherein a varistor, such as a metal oxide varistor, is placed in parallel with the beam accelerating cavity and the magnetic core. The non-linear properties of the varistor result in a more stable voltage across the beam ...

Advances in the design and performance of electrostatic accelerators since 1969 are reviewed with special emphasis on the ''forefront'' accelerators that are currently leading in voltage capability. A comparison of the acceleration tube design offered by ...

... as on the thickness and atomic species ... shot accelerators that produce beams of accelerated ... stabilization us- ing controllable deceleration voltage. ...

Surface biochemical functionalization of group-III nitride semiconductors has recently attracted much interest because of their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and long-term chemical stability under demanding physiochemical conditions for chemical and biological sensing. Among III-nitrides, aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) are particularly important because they are often ...

A voltage switching apparatus is described for use with a mass spectrometer in the concentratron analysis of several components of a gas mixture. The system automatically varies the voltage on the accelerating electrode of the mass spectrometer through a program of voltages which corresponds to the ...

While voltage performance of the accelerator has been adequate for the experimental program to date, it seemed clear that improvement in voltage performance could be of direct benefit to the experimental program in the future. Therefore, we began, in June 1986, a program of modifications and tests which was designed to improve ...

We aerosolized the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) bacteria and collected them on membrane filters. Then we generated air ions by applying a high voltage to a carbon fiber tip and applied them to the contaminated filters. The antibacterial efficiency was not significantly affected by the bacteria being Gram-positive or Gram-negative, ...

Improvement in voltage regulation in a Linear Induction Accelerator wherein a varistor, such as a metal oxide varistor when it is placed in parallel with the beam accelerating cavity and the magnetic core. The non-linear properties of the varistor result ...

A High Voltage Pickup Plate with the necessary electronics has been made for the 'electron gun' of the NIKHEF electron accelerator. The purpose of the setup is to test voltage stability on the electron gun. With the High Voltage Pickup Plate it is possibl...

The total voltage effect,'' which limits the voltage across an evacuated tube in a manner distinct from that of ordinary insulation, generally prevents a linear increase in voltage with an increase in tube length for fixed voltage gradient along the tube. The performance of three ...

This paper provides similarity criteria for the design of an equivalent circuit in which the currents and voltages have the same dependence as in a real accelaerating inductor of a linear induction accelerator and their amplitudes are decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude. Relations are given that make it possible to do design calculations for an equivalent ...

Improvement in voltage regulation in a linear induction accelerator wherein a varistor, such as a metal oxide varistor, is placed in parallel with the beam accelerating cavity and the magnetic core is disclosed. The non-linear properties of the varistor result in a more stable voltage across the beam ...

An automatic control system for a high-voltage electrostatic accelerator with an accelerating potential of up to 500 kV is described. The electronic apparatus on the high-voltage platform is controlled and monitored by means of a fiber-optic data-exchange system. The system is based on CAMAC modules that are ...

Macro-particle acceleration driven by low current, high voltage cathode spots has been investigated.

... Title : Low-Voltage Model Studies of Transmission-Line Configurations for Particle Acceleration. Descriptive Note : Technical rept.,. ...

Several voltage collapses have had a period of slowly decreasing voltage followed by an accelerating collapse in voltage. This paper analyzes this type of voltage collapse based on a center manifold voltage collapse model. The essence of this model is that the system ...

(A,B) Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images of possible biofilms within .... FE-SEM image of spheroidal features in the Shergotty ...

... Accession Number : ADD813088. Title : FIB/FE SEM System Tracks Down Killer Defects. Descriptive Note : Journal article,. Corporate Author : ...

Results are presented of experimental investigations of the volt--ampere charactaeristics of a discharge between the electrodes of an MHD accelerator, of the longitudinal boundary effect, the Hall voltage on different components of the accelerator, etc. The results obtained are numerically analyzed and the main factors determining the ...

The DARHT II accelerator at LANL is preparing a series of preliminary tests at the reduced voltage of 7.8 MeV. The transport hardware between the end of the accelerator and the final target magnet was shipped to LLNL and installed on ETA II. Using the ETA...

Basic types of accelerators for use as radiation sources are described and applications discussed. (C.J.G.)

... Magnetic Analysis of a Beam of Positive Ions, Accelerated by a Voltage of 5-30 kv, After ... argon or krypton atom, or a hydrogen or nitrogen molecule. ...

using the capacitance measurements of the test mass to find the acceleration of the spacecraft due to the ...... accelerated by high voltage. Precise changes in thrust ..... electrochemical corrosion on the tips of the emitters or ...

Energy measurement in coaxial plasma accelerator determining current, voltage on gun and at open end

... source. Mercury ion beams of 0.03 to 0.44 ampere were operated at net accelerating voltages of 900 to 6100 volts. A multihole ...

Change in the low-voltage luminescence properties of ZnGa{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Mn green phosphors before and after In{sub 2}O{sub 3}-coating was examined by cathodoluminescence. The coating state and distribution of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} nano-particles on phosphors were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Especially, based on FE-SEM ...

When an electrostatic tandem accelerator is used primarily for heavy ion acceleration, numerous communication channels with the high voltage terminal are desirable. The ANL FN tandem operates at a tank pressure of 100 psi SF sub 6 at terminal voltages up ...

One of the requirements of the HISTRAP RF accelerating system is that the frequency of the accelerating voltage for the cavity must keep in step with the change in the magnetic field. As the energy of the particle increases, the magnetic field is increase...

The effects of stored energy in the system capacitance across the accelerator grids during high voltage vacuum breakdown are examined. Measurements were made of the current flow and the energy deposition on the grids during breakdown. It is shown that onl...

The results of this study indicate that reducing the accelerating voltage of the electron beam for quantitative particle analysis significantly reduces the magnitude of the particle mass and absorption effects. By reducing the beam energy to 10 kV it was ...

The aim of this study was to develop algorithms for simulation of DRR calculation for different accelerator voltages, We also developed a number of useful tools for an application of DRRs in modern brachytherapy treatment planning.

... results of experiments performed with ... ACCELERATION, *ELECTRIC GUNS, VELOCITY ... FUNCTIONS, MEASUREMENT, RAILS, MOTION, VOLTAGE ...

... free-stream temperature and seed fraction, and ... distribution for seeded air, with ... Descriptors : *PLASMA ACCELERATORS, *VOLTAGE, BOUNDARY ...

... DEGRADATION, ACCELERATION, NYLON, VOLTAGE, SILVER, OXIDES, PRESSURE, TABLES(DATA), CADMIUM, ELECTRIC CURRENT ...

... Methods of activation include manual, electric, percussion, and acceleration ... SILVER, CHLORIDES, LIFE EXPECTANCY(SERVICE LIFE), VOLTAGE ...

100CX scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) are currently the ... was performed with an ISI SEM at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. Images are ...

... CORROSION INHIBITION, ALUMINUM ALLOYS), ELECTROCHEMISTRY, VOLTAGE, ACCELERATED TESTING, MAGNESIUM ALLOYS, ZINC ...

The dipole mode synchrotron frequency is a basic beam parameter; it and a few similarly basic quantities measured at small time intervals serve to characterize the longitudinal beam dynamics throughout the acceleration cycle. The effective accelerating voltage, in conjunction with the amount of rf voltage required ...

A high-voltage system for the TOPAZ Inner Drift Chamber (TOPAZ-IDC) is described. In the experiment at the colliding beam accelerator, high voltages to the drift chambers have to be carefully controlled in order to avoid the damage to the anode wires caus...

For the 'electron gun' of the NIKHEF electron accelerator a High Voltage Pickup Plate (HVPP) has been constructed with belonging electronics, in order to investigate the stability of the voltage of the electron gun. With the HVPP it is possible to measure...

A high voltage regulator for use with calutrons is described which rapidly restores accelerating voltage after a sudden drop such as is caused by sparking. The rapid restoration characteristic prevents excessive contamination of lighter mass receiver pockets by the heavier mass portion of the beam. (T.R.H.)

The requirements for a neutral beam high voltage power system are derived from the characteristics of the ion source. High voltage system component characteristic requirements and choices are described. (MHR)

The requirements for a neutral beam high voltage power system are derived from the characteristics of the ion source. High voltage system component characteristic requirements and choices are described. (ERA citation 03:016270)

To estimate the influence of reverse voltage on the movement of deionization in a gas-discharge device, we can examine the ratio of the ion concentration at a given moment at a given point in the absence of reverse voltage to the ion concentration at this...

In an effort to further improve voltage performance of the Oak Ridge 25URC accelerator, the original acceleration tubes will be replaced with NEC compressed geometry acceleration tubes. In this paper, we report on tests in the 25URC accelerator of two prototype compressed geometry ...

Low-voltage accelerator models are described that can be used either for classroom demonstrations or for laboratory courses. Two types of circuit models are presented: (1) the Marx generator and (2) the Cockroft--Walton (ladder circuit). These low-voltage circuit models exhibit the basic characteristics of their ...

The difference between the rf voltage seen by the beam and the accelerating voltage required to match the rate of change of the Booster magnetic field is used to estimate the energy loss per beam turn. Because the rf voltage (RFSUM) and the synchronous ph...

An apparatus is described for regulating the operation of an electromagmetic charged particle separator lt consists of an electrical circuit for innproving the regulation of the accelerating voltage of a calutron when the ionic current regulator control means is disconnected. The novel circuit arrangement connects the input of the ionic current ...

BS>Thesis. The design, construction and testing of a- pulsed high voltage regulator installed in one modulator of the Naval Postgraduate School Linear Accelerator are described. The design is adapted from a similar network in use at Stanford University. The prototype system was found to improve the voltage regulation by a ...

A regulator which reduces the effects of terminal voltage fluctuations has been constructed and installed in an FN tandem accelerator. An error signal derived from momentum analysis of the accelerator beam is transmitted to the terminal by an optical telemetry channel. The signal modulates a voltage applied ...

A study was made of the Abramyan type accelerator using a scale model to investigate the resonant transformer principle and the beam induced voltages. The Abramyan technique of resonant transformer charging an accelerating gap was found to work very well. The circuit is quite simple, the components values are not critical, ...

Voltage breakdown is one of the major limiting factors in the design of a high accelerating gradient linear accelerator structure. A multiple-use cavity test system was developed to establish the criteria for voltage breakdown in S-band pulsed electron linear accelerator cavities, in terms of ...

The cost of induction linac accelerators for inertial fusion using mass 200 ions at a charge state of +3 for target yields of 300, 600, and 1200 MJ is presented. The ions are injected into the accelerator at 3 MV, and accelerated to the required voltage appropriate to the desired target yield. A cost comparison of ...

The cost of induction linac accelerators for inertial fusion using mass 200 ions at a charge state of +3 for target yields of 300, 600, and 1200 MJ is presented. The ions are injected into the accelerator at 3 MV, and accelerated to the required voltage appropriate to the desired target yield. A cost comparison of ...

The theory of phase oscillations in the synchrotron, first given by Bohm and Foldy, is extended to cover the case where the amplitude of the accelerating voltage is not con stant and where the accelerated bunch is itself sufficiently large to produce an appreciable part of the accelerating ...

Presented is the description of high-voltage electron accelerators used both in radiation technology processes and for conducting industrial defectoscopy. The PTD-1 accelerator-defectoscope and the PTEh-1V electron accelerator are developed on the basis o...

Since a wider aperture has been obtained along the Booster beam line, this opens the opportunity for Booster running a higher intensity beam than ever before. Sooner or later, the available RF accelerating voltage will become a new limit for the beam intensity. Either by increasing the RFSUM or by reducing the accelerating rate can ...

A wider aperture, which has been obtained along the Booster beam line recently, brings the opportunity to run beams with the intensity higher than ever before. Sooner or later, the available RF accelerating voltage will become a new limit for the beam intensity. Extra accelerating voltages can be achieved either by ...

Voltage holding in high voltage electrostatic accelerators is a longstanding problem which limits the practically obtainable performance of most systems. This paper proposes an idea for improving the voltage holding in electrostatic accelerators by suppressing breakdowns between successive ...

A review is given of the history of electrostatic accelerator technology, including a technology assessment of acceleration tubes, vacuum systems, voltage gradients, charging systems, and ion sources. Improvements in the performance of electrostatic accel...

The operation of a Fitch oscillator in a nanosecond electron accelerator and its advantages over a Marx oscillator are described. The maximum accelerating voltage is 0.6 MV, and the oscillator impedance is equal to 24 ..cap omega...

Industrial electron accelerators with high reliability and performance capabilities which are characterized by a beam power of 50 to 100 kW and accelerating voltages up to 4 MV are described. They are used for industrial radiation processes which require a high production capacity, such as paint curing. (auth)

This report addresses some issues of the pulse shape optimization and describes main features of the accelerating system comprising an accelerating structure similar to that of a linear induction accelerator (LIA) and a pulser that drives it.

To provide for designed operating regimes of the EGP-15 accelerator it is necessary that the charging system provided for short circuit current of no lower than 300 (mu)A not appear to be the source of the accelerator high-voltage structure contamination ...

A concept for a colloid engine with an electrodynamic linear accelerator is described. The charged particle source is a standard colloid engine with an extractor voltage that has an AC componen.t Downstream of the extractor, a series of accelerator gates ...

A concept for a colloid engine with an electrodynamic linear accelerator is described. The charged particle source is a standard colloid engine with an extractor voltage that has an AC component Downstream of the extractor, a series of accelerator gates a...

In the Voss-Weiland scheme of wake field acceleration a high current, ring-shaped driving bunch is used to accelerate a low current beam following along on axis. In such a structure, the transformer ratio, i.e., the ratio of maximum voltage that can be ga...

Results are described of initial tests on an accelerator (RAYITO) designed to investigate electron-beam control and uniform excitation of large volume lasers. For these tests the accelerator is operated in the 50 nsec mode with diode voltages and currents...

The authors examine the layout and design features of the accelerating tube of a pulse electron accelerator. Results of tests of the partition insulator of the tube for an accelerating voltage of 1 MV, a beam current of 50 kA, and a pulse duration of ca. 5 ..mu..sec are given. Tests of the ...

The effects of SnO2 additon on the electrical degradation characteristics of Bi2O3-MnO2-Co3O4-added ZnO varistors were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), voltage-current (V-I) characteristics, and capacitance-voltage (C-V) ...

Titanium particles of single-phase anatase nanocrystallites were prepared by the hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated by adsorbing cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)-ruthenium(II)bis-tetrabutylammonium dye (N719) onto TiO2 film. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, AFM, and ...

A novel core/shell structured TiO(2)/polyaniline nanocomposite was fabricated by grafting aniline on aminobenzoate monolayer that is chemically adsorbed on the TiO(2) nanocrystal surface. The formation and nanostructure of the nanocomposite were investigated by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra, TEM, FE-SEM, and TG-DTA analysis. Adsorption of aminobenzoate on the TiO(2) surface is an ...

Titanium nitride (TiN) films were deposited on high-speed steel (HSS) using cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD) technique. The effect of substrate bias on the crystallography, microstructure, deposition rate, coating thickness and composition, hardness, and adhesion strength of TiN films was investigated. The crystallography of the films was investigated using X-ray diffraction with ...

On the basis of combinatorial methodology and the idea of an equilateral ingredient triangle, the TiO(2)/ZnO/Fe(2)O(3) composite system including 66 ingredient points was designed. The photocurrents under different light sources and bias voltages were measured, and the photocurrent amplitude at 300 s was chosen as a parameter to evaluate the photoelectric response of the ...

The status of a unique 2.0 MeV, 10 mA proton tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation is presented. The accelerator is intended to be used in facilities generating resonant gamma rays for explosives detection and epithermal neutrons for boron neutron-capture therapy of brain tumors. A magnetically coupled DC voltage multiplier derived ...

Two types of linear induction accelerator have been reported previously. In one, unidirectional voltage pulses are generated outside the accelerator and injected into the accelerator cavity modules, which contain ferromagnetic material to reduce energy losses in the form of currents induced, in parallel with the ...

The Pulse Line Ion Accelerator concept was motivated by the desire for an inexpensive way to accelerate intense short pulse heavy ion beams to regimes of interest for studies of High Energy Density Physics and Warm Dense Matter. A pulse power driver applied at one end of a helical pulse line creates a traveling wave pulse that ...

In the year 2000, a design concept of a Neutrino Factory based on Muon Storage Ring was studied at FNAL. To treat high energy spread of muons that come out of a target and decay channel and are to be accelerated before they go into the storage ring, a phase rotating scheme using a long-pulse accelerating system has been proposed. In this system ...

This patent describes a modular high voltage particle accelerator having an emission axis and an emission end, the accelerator. It comprises: a plurality of high voltage generators in nested adjacency to form a nested stack, each the generator comprising a cup-like housing having a base and a tubular sleeve ...

The authors consider ways of increasing the amplitude of radio-frequency voltage in a single tunable-frequency accelerating structure. Designs are presented for a symmetrical cavity and a cavity with transformation of radio-frequency voltage over a wide frequency range, which can be tuned by varying the magnetic permeability of the ...

An optical control system for the control of devices in the terminal of an electrostatic accelerator includes a laser that is modulated by a series of preselected codes produced by an encoder. A photodiode receiver is placed in the laser beam at the high-voltage terminal of an electrostatic accelerator. A decoder connected to the ...

An optical control system for the control of devices in the terminal of an electrostatic accelerator includes a laser that is modulated by a series of preselected codes produced by an encoder. A photodiode receiver is placed in the laser beam at the high-voltage terminal of an electrostatic accelerator. A decoder connected to the ...

A 200-kv Cockcroft-Walton accelerator is constructed, principally to generate neutrons. Its high-tension generator consists of a one-stage voltage multiplier with two large selenium rectifiers capable of withstanding high voltage. The observed features of the voltage stabilization, ripple, and waveform ...

A calculation is made of the interaction of a beam of particles in an accelerator with the radio-frequency cavity that provides the accelerating mechanism of the machine. A Hamiltonian for synchrotron motion is employed that makes possible the simultaneous solution of Maxwell's equations and the Vlasov equation, so that a self-consistent ...

The speed servo system of an AC motor should always have a rapid and smooth response without current ripple. For this purpose, this paper proposes a new mixed modulation method of the PWM inverter by considering acceleration torque and voltage saturation. The rapid and robust speed servo system often has the high gain speed controller and the high gain ...

The pulsed positron beam at the Helsinki University of Technology is designed for the end energy of 3 30 keV and grounded target. This is achieved with a constant voltage acceleration followed by an adjustable deceleration. In the design of this accelerator decelerator the possibility for electrical breakdowns and partial discharges ...

The cascade tyne particle accelerator of 800-kv rated voltage built at the Institute of Nuclear Rssearch is described. For producing high voltage a selenoid rectifier was applied, whereas for the beaded supports of the accelerator Ganz-pabit'' was chosen. The inhomogenous ...

The Oak Ridge tandem accelerator operated quite successfully during the past year. An oxygen beam was accelerated through the machine with a terminal potential of 22.5 MV and scheduled experiments were run at voltages up to 20.3 MV. The replacement of about 75% of the accelerator tubes was completed in October ...

A particle beam positioning control for a synchrotron or the like is described. The control includes means for selectively impressing a sinusoidal perturbation upon the rising voltage utilized to sweep the frequency of the f-m oscillator which is conventionally coupled to the accelerating electrode of a synchrotron. The perturbation produces a ...

The operation and maintenance of the ORNL 25URC accelerator is reported. The accelerator provided 4162 hours of beam for research in FY 1986. Hours of accelerator usage is shown for each month on a histogram. Accelerator tubes were replaced in two units. Compressed geometry tubes were installed as a test of the ...

Linear induction accelerators have been developed to produce pulses of charged particles at voltages exceeding the capabilities of single-stage, diode-type accelerators and at currents too high for accelerators. In principle, one can accelerate charged pa...

"The major accelerator facilities make use of several types of devices to build up the energy of the particles. The Cockroft-Walton accelerator is used as the first stage of acceleration at Fermilab. "Inside this device, hydrogen gas is ionized to create negative ions, each consisting of two electrons and one proton. The ions are ...

A high-current, cyclic electron accelerator, capable of accelerating several kiloamperes of electron current is described. The accelerating elements of the device are linear induction modules which match well to high-current operation. A racetrack configuration is utilized to return the electrons to the induction modules, thereby ...

The type of radiofrequency plant typical of orbital accelerating machines is demonstrated, and formulas are given that show that the accelerating device (resonant cavity) is loaded by the beam and that the loading depends only on the characteristics of the beam and the accelerating voltage, Design criteria ...

The historical background of the field of particle accelerators is presented with a description of the conceptual and technical growth of each of the major types. First, the status of high-voltage technology before accelerators were conceived is described. This shows the technical knowledge available to the earliest generation of ...

The physical layout and engineering design of a high current pulsed electron accelerator are addressed. The principal criteria for the accelerator are given along with the main parameters of the impulse voltage generator and the water medium, double layer coaxial tramsmission line. A schematic diagram of the impulse ...

Descriptions are given of a 300-kev accelerator designed for hydrogen and helium ion acceleration. The installation is supplied by a radiofrequency ion source operating with low gas consumption, electron stabilization of high voltage and magnet current, regenerative gas system, and adequate protection against x-ray and neutron ...

A process of accelerating electrons with a voltage applied thereto in a vacuum, guiding the accelerated electrons into a normal-pressure atmosphere, and irradiating the electron beam (EB) onto an object. The electron beam irradiation process uses a vacuum tube-type electron beam irradiation apparatus, and with the ...

A synchrotron phase detector is diagnostic tool for measuring the relative phase between the accelerating field and the beam. One has been implemented in the Fermilab Booster. This is probably the first time for the Booster that the accelerating voltage seen by the beam can be experimentally determined from the information of the ...

A high-voltage rig for training and testing resistors of KEhV-5 type, used as voltage dividers for high-voltage accelerators, is described. Feeding network and control wiring diagram of the rig are given. (Atomindex citation 15:028325)

A two-stage voltage divider having a voltage measuring capability on the order of 100 kV and a risetime of 250 psec has been used to measure submicrosecond pulses on a pulsed electron accelerator. The divider uses a copper sulphate solution high-voltage divider, and a secondary divider made of carbon composition ...

Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images of spherical features in bacteria-containing samples from Columbia River Basalt. ...

Report No. 6 on Study Programme on Beam Stacking Processes. It has been pointed out by Walkinshaw that the effect of a radially varying accelerating gap voltage amplitude, as far as the theory of r-f acceleration of charged particles in fixed field circular accelerators is concerned, may be taken ...

A device is described for providing a source of molecular ions having a large output current and with an accelerated energy of the order of 600 kv. Ions are produced in an ion source which is provided with a water-cooled source grid of metal to effect maximum recombination of atomic ions to molecular ions. A very high accelerating ...

A 4 MV peak voltage pulser for the Troll accelerator has been designed, fabricated, and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories by Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. The pulser is required to produce a flat-top pulse, with a variable width, to drive a cold-cath...

A research program has been initiated to determine if propylene carbonate can be used as an insulator in the high-voltage accelerator field. Propylene carbonate, an industrial solvent and plasticizer, is a relatively high-dielectric constant (69) liquid w...

A DS-416 low voltage air circuit breaker manufactured by Westinghouse was mechanically cycled to identify age-related degradation in the various breaker subcomponents, specifically the power-operated mechanism. This accelerated aging test was performed on...

The power supply system that will energize the superconducting magnets in the ISABELLE 400 x 400 GeV accelerator must supply various voltages and currents. The voltages for the correction winding range from ten to one hundred twenty-five volts unipolar an...

A study has been done of methods of designing a very fast, high voltage pulse generator using a pulsed electron beam produced by a microchannel plate electron multiplier (MCP EM), and accelerated across a gap in a transmission line. Among the topics inves...

Particle Accelerators require high voltage and often high power. Typically the high voltage/power generation utilizes a topology with an extra energy store and a switching means to extract that stored energy. The switches may be active or passive devices....

In many practical devices, such as in high-power ion accelerators, it is desirable to determine the amount of energy that the electrodes can withstand without degrading the voltage hold-off characteristics. With this in mind, the energy deposited on the e...

Air core pulse transformers powered by low voltage capacitor banks can be simple efficient systems for charging high-voltage (0.5 to 3 MV), pulse forming transmission lines (PFL) such as those used in electron and ion beam accelerators. In these applicati...

This paper proposes a speed servo system based on a space voltage vector modulation (SVM) inverter with the mixed voltage limitation method considering acceleration torque and voltage saturation for AC servo motor. The servo system realizes both a quick speed response and a small value of total harmonic distortion ...

The condition that r-f buckets of radio frequency accelerations in synchrotrons always have no empty space by virtue of the adiabatic damping of phase oscillations, is obtained by calculating the action integral of phase oscillations. This analysis is applied to make r-f voltage programming which minimizes the maximum r-f ...

Motivated by the desire to minimize specimen damage in beam sensitive specimens, there has been a recent push toward using relatively low accelerating voltages (<100kV) in scanning transmission electron microscopy. To complement experimental efforts on this front, this paper seeks to explore the variations with accelerating ...

A phase oscillation damping system has been deveioped and successfully tested at the Brookhaven cosmotron. Pbase differences between the induced voltage in the beam pickup plates and the rf accelerating voltage are detected and fed back to the frequency control system. The frequency of the rf accelerating ...

Several diagnostic techniques are described, which were used to determine the cause of periodic tube discharges and consequent fast terminal voltage drops in an FN tandom accelerator which were observed to occur at high beam intensities for the voltage range 7 to 9 MV. Terminal voltage drops were first monitored ...

In an accelerator, an annular detecting coil is placed around the outer surface of a high-voltage cable through which an electron accelerator tube is connected to a dc high-voltage source. The intensity of the electron beam is measured by detecting the electrical current flowing through the ...

Coordinated bending and acceleration of an intense space-charge-dominated ion beam has been achieved for the first time. This required the development of a variable waveform, precision, bi-polar high voltage pulser and a precision, high repetition rate induction core modulator. Waveforms applied to the induction cores accelerate the ...

A hydrogen arc discharge has been run in the top five units (fifteen 20 cm tube sections) of the ORNL tandem accelerator to test the effectiveness of this method of cleaning the high voltage electrodes. The discharge was maintained in both the high- and low-energy tubes for a period of six hours. The arc current in each tube was 4.0 A and the hydrogen ...

Measurements reported at the 11th International Conference on Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry [Schroeder et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B56/B57 (1991) 1033] for a 1 MV single-ended Pelletron accelerator equipped with corona probe and tank liner voltage stabilizers have been extended by measuring the resonant yield ...

The design, performance, and characteristics of a plasma cathode electron gun are presented. The plasma cathode is based on a hollow cathode direct current discharge, and the electron beam is accelerated by pulse voltage. By discharging at high gas pressure and operating at low gas pressure, both the maximum accelerating ...

The design, performance, and characteristics of a plasma cathode electron gun are presented. The plasma cathode is based on a hollow cathode direct current discharge, and the electron beam is accelerated by pulse voltage. By discharging at high gas pressure and operating at low gas pressure, both the maximum accelerating ...

A two-pulse method is used to determine the insulation recovery time of the gas spark gap switch with different types of gas applied in a high power accelerator with a water dielectric pulse forming line. At the breakdown voltage of 450 kV, with the vacuum diode voltage of about 200 kV, and a current of 30 kA, recovery characteristics ...

The difference between the rf voltage seen by the beam and the accelerating voltage required to match the rate of change of the Booster magnetic field is used to estimate the energy loss per beam turn. Because the rf voltage (RFSUM) and the synchronous phase can be experimentally measured, they can be used to ...

The fluorescent probe lucigenin was incorporated in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) gels, and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to clarify the internal structures of the gels. From the two-dimensional and three-dimensional information by LSCM, we first observed the internal structure of the PVC gel at a wet status, where the PVC gels comprised a polymer-rich phase and a polymer-poor ...

To reduce SEGR failure risk, the off-state operating voltages of the devices are derated based upon radiation tests at heavy-ion accelerator facilities. ...

Mar 1, 2011 ... Ion optics properties measured included the beam current extraction capability, the minimum accelerator grid voltage to prevent ...

... X-Rays? X-rays may be produced when electrons, accelerated by high voltage, strike an obstacle while ...

-55�C to 300�C. The ability to test large sample populations in parallel reduces the ...... ASI can assist in developing a test plan, characterizing the ...

Mr. Pickel has been actively involved in the study of nuclear and space radiation mechanisms and effects ..... This multilevel modeling approach has been ...

A toroid monitor was developed for the measurement of the bundle pulsed current of the electron accelerator MEA. The monitor is a broadband current-to-voltage. The current transformer, which is in a high radiation environment, is connected to the converte...

density, electron temperature, and plasma potential), and the screen grid and accelerator grid voltage. In addition, other factors, such primary electrons ...

When the accelerometer system is subjected to accelerations with components ... can deactivate the accelerometer in cases of insufficient supply voltage, ...

perveance testing, as the screen voltage is decreased at constant beam current, direct impingement of accelerator grid surfaces occurred. After the perveance ...

... GUIDED MISSILES, TELEMETER SYSTEMS, ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE, VOLTAGE, DRIFT, GAIN, VIBRATION, ACCELERATION, OPERATION ...

... propellant under high pressure and a fast-acting valve to ... or �muzzle� voltage in a pulsed electromagnetic accelerator rep- resents ...

To reduce SEGR failure risk, the off-state operating voltages of the devices are derated based upon radiation tests at heavy-ion accelerator facilities. ...

plasms or sarcomas. An accelerated hazard of embolism in the astronaut who has been injured by the high voltage effect is also possible and for that reason ...

Aug 23, 2005 ... The test involved a Hall thruster built under the High Voltage Hall Accelerator ... The HiVHAC was tested in a vacuum chamber at Glenn that ...

... (Author). Descriptors : *Patents, *Speed regulators, Dispensers, Spinning( Motion), Electric motors, Pulse generators, Voltage, Acceleration. ...

... trum derived from the accelerator current and voltage recordings. ... In this study, the pulsed electron beam from ... The type W preamplifiers have a fast ...

... Section; Angular Distribution of Elastic Scattering; Inelastic Cross Sections; Low Voltage Accelerator; and the Reactions Bal37(n,n)* Ba137 and ...

A brief introduction of the microtron, a newcomer among high-energy X-ray units, and a comparison of the radiographic features of a microtron and a linear accelerator are reported. (Atomindex citation 08:310875)

the ion source. (b) Mass spectra with 90 V acceleration voltage applied to the electron beam of the ion source. ... equations (see Pig. I): ...

The article compares the relative stability of MCM-41 and related mesoporous materials in electron beam at an accelerating voltage of 100 300 kV. The work encountered in electron microscopy presents a comparison with similar research that has been carried out on nonporous and microporous silicates, especially [alpha]-quartz and zeolite Y. The trends in ...

microscope images were obtained using a Hitachi S-4700 field emission scanning electron microscope. (FESEM) operated at an accelerating voltage of 6 kV. ...

DIONE has been built and tested from 1985 to 1986 and set up on its high voltage plateform in 1987. The first accelerated beam was served to physicists in 1987 fall.

... term changes in high-voltage- supply, potential. ... collecting electrode of the ionization chamber. ... acceleration while all electrode potentials were held ...

Mar 2, 2005... detected the presence of highly charged particles crashing into the ... by the acceleration of charged ions of oxygen and other elements ...

(DPA), Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT) and. Dielectric Voltage Breakdown Strength. The data analysis included a comparison of the 2000-hour life test ...

... barrel life. ... facilitate precise triggering of the high voltage circuit. 10 Page 23. ... The stunner accelerates a 175-gram captive bolt to a max distance of ...

Four alternate screening methods will be discussed in this paper: Highly accelerated life test (HALT), forward voltage drop tests for evaluating wire- bond ...

Ultrathin silicon oxide film for nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) applications is investigated under electrostatic discharge (ESD) stress using a transmission line pulse (TLP) tester. The measured breakdown voltage and transient response are analyzed. The results show that the voltage stress time has a significant effect on the breakdown ...

The dominant trend in the development of pulsed power accelerator technology over the last decade has been towards higher power and shorter pulse widths. Limitations in high voltage, high current switch performance, and in power flow through vacuum insula...

The accelerator system is a preprogrammed multi-voltage system capable of operating at a current level of 1/2 ampere at the 20 kilovolt level. The five major functional areas which comprise this system are: (1) Silver zinc battery packs; (2) the electron ...

An ion induction linac for HIF must operate near the space charge current limit along most of its length. Small errors in the voltages applied to the accelerating gaps can readily produce local unwanted beam bunching and consequent beam loss. Uncompensate...

In applications where multiple magnetic modulators are used to drive a single Linear Induction Voltage Adder (LIVA) or Linear Accelerator (LINAC), it is essential that the outputs of the modulators by synchronized. Output rise times are typically in the 1...

The basics of magnetic modulators including magnetic element and circuit considerations as applied to accelerators and lasers requiring repetitive (1 to 10 kHz), high voltage (50 to 500 kV), short pulse (50 to 100 ns) are discussed. The scaling of energy ...

For the purpose of improving reliability and quality of electrostatic accelerator basic parameters the stabilizer of charging belt current is developed. The stabilizer consists of two units: high-voltage unit and control unit. The charging rectifier assur...

Further improvements have been made in the high energy injection system. At low beam currents, the accelerator can now be run at the full voltage of 600 kV. The cause of the apparent shorting of the first acceleration stage for currents in excess of 50 to...

The highly accelerated voltage and current stress demonstrated that the diamond ... Accelerated life test. 500 hours, 2 W output, 40 oC �, Power, ...

In the design of superconducting magnets for accelerator and the quench protection systems, it is necessary to calculate the current, voltage and temperature during quench. The quench integral value (MIITs) is used to get a rough idea about the quench, bu...

The construction of an electrostatic accelerator to produce an intense ion beam is proposed. The high voltage pulse to be used in the acceleration of the ions (500 kV, 1 mu s) will be provided by a Marx generator. Using this pulses, a high total current p...

leveraging data from an accelerated aging tests on IGBTs. The accelerated aging test provided thermal- ... During high-voltage operation, large internal electrical ... rate of degradation. For prognostic purposes the externally ...

The electronics in the injector of the NIKHEF-K electron accelerator works at a voltage level of 400K volts. In order to control the pulsshape and the reliability of the pulser the measuring signal has to be brought down to ground-level. Therefore a measu...

An investigation is presented of the possibility of developing an electron accelerator comprising several radiation units with a relatively low power per unit, and without the many elements such as accelerator tube, focusing and scanning systems. A study ...

Everyday features of the accelerator environment include long cable runs, high power and low level equipment sharing building space, stray electromagnetic fields and ground voltage differences between the sending and receiving ends of an installation. Thi...

High voltage insulation problems in electrostatic accelerators are discussed. The aim of the analysis is to broaden the knowledge, highlight the characteristics of insulation technology and design strategies to improve use. The basic geometry of the insul...

The report covers the development of a 50-kJ generator capable of producing currents in excess of one megampere at voltages approaching one megavolt with a pulse width about 55 nsec. The concept is to feed an electron accelerating tube from two modules, e...

Microparticles have been found in submodules of accelerator tubes during the voltage conditioning process. The microparticle detector uses electrostatic induction and time-of-flight measurements to determine the charge and velocity of microparticles. Prel...

A process was developed for the accelerated life testing of a particular cell or battery which comprises the comparison and extrapolation of the end of discharge voltages plotted versus the logarithm of the cycle number in combination with prior knowledge...

This note details measurements of the APS positron linac klystron and accelerating structure gain and presents an analysis of the data using fits to simple mathematical models. The models are used to investigate the sensitivity of the energy dependence of...

The report presents a graphical display of the generalized Ohm's law which is assumed to describe the local electrical characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic accelerators and generators. Sheath voltage drops and ion slip are included, but viscous effects ...

A separate induction accelerator buncher following after the storage rings is one of the options for final bunch compression. The other option is to apply the bunching voltage within the ring, but this requires a low-frequency, high gradient accelerating structure within the ring and a large aperture, which are difficult to do and ...

In modern high-energy physics, a powerful electromagnetic field must be supplied for some elementary particles to be accelerated by passing through the region of high-energy physics fields. The electric current and high voltage producing the powerful electromagnetic field are very important to high-energy accelerators, but the ...

The patent describes an apparatus which utilizes the high voltage generated by the impingement of illumination upon a polarized polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramic material as the source of a high voltage electric field through which charged particles are accelerated. The application of such device to a dc particle ...

The history of electrostatic accelerators has been punctuated by a series of projects in which innovative designs have failed to meet the expectations of their designers. From the early, air-insulated Van de Graaffs at Round Hill to certain of the large pressurized heavy ion accelerators of the 1970s and 1980s, increases in size or changes in design and ...

The history of electrostatic accelerators has been punctuated by a series of projects in which innovative designs have failed to meet the expectations of their designers. From the early, air-insulated Van de Graaffs at Round Hill to certain of the large pressurized heavy ion accelerators of the 1970s and 1980s, increases in size or changes in design and ...

Intense pulsed D-D neutron emission with rates >10{sup 10} n/s during the pulse, pulse widths of {approx}100's ns, and neutron yields >10 k per pulse are demonstrated in a compact pyroelectric accelerator. The accelerator consists of a small pyroelectric LiTaO{sub 3} crystal which provides the accelerating ...

The detection of nuclear materials such as highly enriched uranium has become increasingly important. The University of Missouri is developing a compact accelerator system for active neutron interrogation using a piezoelectric transformer with an ion diode for neutron production. The piezoelectric high voltage generator is composed of a rotated y-cut bar ...

A linear electrostatic accelerator is designed which requires only a low- voltage source and can accelerate different kinds of ions. The accelerator comprises an evacuated tubular chamber fed with ion pulses, a series of electrodes partly permeable to ions, a high d-c voltage source with ...

The basic concept of the "Pulseline Ion Accelerator" involves launching a ramped high voltage pulse on a broad band traveling wave (slow-wave) structure. An applied voltage pulse at the input end with a segment rising linearly in time becomes a linear voltage ramp in space that propagates down the line, ...

Based on the successful completion of the extensive research project DOE/ET/29303-1 February 1982 to develop a new method for the determination of threshold voltage in XLPE and EPR insulated cables, tests were initiated to establish the maximum safe operating voltage stresses of crosslinked polyethylene insulated cables that become wet when they operate in ...

A power supply monitor is disclosed for monitoring the finely regulated voltage in a two-stage tracking power supply which is driven by a gas turbine engine and which has a coarsely regulated and a finely regulated stage. A reference voltage is generated using power taken from the coarsely regulated stage and the reference voltage is ...

A terminal voltage stabilization system for the folded tandem ion accelerator (FOTIA) was developed and is in continuous use. The system achieves good voltage stabilization, eliminates ground loops and noise interference. It incorporates a correcting circuit for compensating the mains frequency variations in the GVM amplifier circuit. ...

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is evaluating design alternatives to improve the voltage regulation in our Flash X-Ray (FXR) accelerator cell and pulse-power system. The goal is to create a more mono-energetic electron beam that will create an x-ray source with a smaller spot-size. Studying the interaction of the beam and ...

Since 2001, we have been improving the hp65nm generation photomask repairing systems, the SIR7000. FIB repair stains quartz substrate with Ga ions. We process the repaired area using two parameters: edge bias and over-etching depth to recover transmission loss. The simulation shows that smaller over-etching makes the lithography process window larger. The dependence of Ga density in quartz with on ...

A review is given of the history of electrostatic accelerator technology, including a technology assessment of acceleration tubes, vacuum systems, voltage gradients, charging systems, and ion sources. Improvements in the performance of electrostatic accelerators during the last four years and of those currently ...

A possible requirement for the acceleration of macroscopic pellets to velocities exceeding 10/sup 4/ meters per second implies the development of new apparatus. A satisfactory approach might be the linear resonance accelerator. Such apparatus would require the charging of pellets to very high values not yet demonstrated. The incompatibility of phase ...

The characteristic features of accelerator mass spectrometry are discussed. A short overview is given of the current status of mass spectrometry with high-energy (MeV/nucleon) heavy-ion accelerators. Emphasis is placed on studies with tandem accelerators and on future mass spectrometry of heavier isotopes with the new generation of ...

A particle accelerator which combines several advantages of the Van de Graaff and Cockeroft-Walton type accelerators is described. The essential feature of this accelerator is that the high-voltage generator has rotating ferroelectric ceramic disks or capacitors which carry electric charges. (J.H.M.)