... Dial-a-Scenario) was extended to produce natural disaster scenarios. ... The programs include prior knowledge of natural disasters and produce a ...

Site offers an interactive disaster simulation game, for ages 9-16, where players may choose an emergency scenario to prepare for. Disaster scenarios include tsunamis, ... ...

The RUNES Middleware for Networked Embedded Systems and its Application in a Disaster Management running the Contiki [9] operating system; � an implementation of the disaster management appli- cation solution for the disaster management scenario, and in Section 5 we present our empirical evaluation

... terrorism and natural disaster scenarios that ... to terrorist attacks and natural disasters. ... to use the Emergency Management Accreditation Program ...

... The scenario is based around a natural humanitarian disaster ... Given the Navy's recent ... leveraged a natural disaster of two volcanic eruptions to ...

In this study, a computer system previously developed for generating nuclear damage scenarios (Dial-a-Scenario) was extended to produce natural disaster scenarios. The programs are implemented on both time-shared (remote terminal) and batch process modes....

incident management or emergency rescue after a disaster, ... effort for pro- disaster management, the scenario is totally opposite for developing and under- ...

... for recovering from a disaster in Part 5. Knowledge Check Read the scenario and answer the question. ...

The global communication requirements for disaster assistance and examines operationally feasible satellite system concepts and the associated system parameters are analyzed. Some potential problems associated with the current method of providing disaster assistance and a scenario for disaster assistance relying on ...

, systematic reviews of the work environment, crisis and disaster management, technical and physical work planning, analyses and threat scenarios. Coordinates crisis and disaster management. Public Safety

The possibility that experiments at high-energy accelerators could create new forms of matter that would ultimately destroy the Earth has been considered several times in the past quarter century. One consequence of the earliest of these disaster scenarios was that the authors of a 1993 article in "Physics Today" who reviewed the ...

This approach to postattack analysis was meant to explore the possible contribution that a documented scenario could make to postattack research on organizational problems. Using knowledge of historical disasters that were somewhat comparable to nuclear w...

Students attempt to save towns from damage prior to the arrival of several different natural disasters. Students will learn the importance of early prevention and actions to protect others, themselves and their property when faced with a natural disaster. Certain disasters are more appropriate for particular grade levels. Each ...

... Abstract : The Sacramento region is prone to flooding disasters. ... ten RLs, four flooding scenarios of different severity, and several budget levels for ...

The UAV, collecting data over a "disaster" (wildfire for this experiment) can ... In this scenario, the UAV serves as a data relay station in the sky, ...

... The Baseline Model was structured on the COASTS Tsunami scenario script but ... of this project, bad weather is defined as heavy rain, flooding, ...

A model of the repair operations of the voice telecommunications network is used to study labor management strategies under a disaster scenario where the workforce is overwhelmed. The model incorporates overtime and fatigue functions and optimizes the deployment of the workforce based on the cost of the recovery and the time it takes to recover. The ...

arXiv:hep-ph/9910333v314Jul2000 Review of Speculative "Disaster Scenarios" at RHIC R.L. Jaffea , W Scenarios" at RHIC 2 I. INTRODUCTION Fears have been expressed that heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), which Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is now commission- ing, might

The purpose of the Coastal Zone Management grant has been to prepare a model Post-Disaster Redevelopment Plan (PDRP). The PDRP has been designed to assist coastal counties and municipalities in Florida in preparing similar plans tailored to the special ch...

This report presents the results of an assessment of the multijurisdictional issues needing resolution after the immediate needs or an urban population affected by a major disaster have been met. A scenario incorporating the impacts of and immediate respo...

Jul 7, 2004... exchange their GIS databases and remotely sensed imagery for application to multiple disaster management scenarios similar to wildfire. ...

... press kits and photo/video packages Share Tweet PROJECT HIGHLIGHT Wildfire S...

... labor rates and other repair costs after major natural disasters) could increase ... insurance. Power, water, sewer, and other lifelines experience damage ... ...

Ethics case studies in aeronautical engineering include: * The Story of Roger Boisjoly -- Engineer who tried to prevent Challenger disaster * A Scenario about Fair Credit in Aeronautical Engineering Undergraduate Research

... Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302 ... in response to the 1999 earthquakes in Anatolia ... which described the post-earthquake actions taken ...

... than 6.0. Approximately every 70 years the Katmandu Valley in Nepal experiences such a seismic event. More immediately ...

Disaster management utilizes diverse technologies to accomplish a complex set of tasks. Despite a decade of experience, few published reports have reviewed application of telemedicine (clinical care at a distance enabled by telecommunication) in disaster situations. Appropriate new telemedicine applications can improve future ...

Following the events of the September 11th attack, there has been an increasing concern about the possibility of a future attack on our homeland. In response, the United States Department of Homeland Defense has planned for a future attack by formulating multiple scenarios which may occur in the event of such a disaster. Radiology will play a key role in ...

Apr 16, 2010 ... Possible scenarios for the expansion (and possibly contraction) of the ... is causing the expansion of the universe to speed up (accelerate). ...

It is possible to describe particle behavior in the magnetotail, including particle energization, by

A common view is that the current global warming rate will continue or accelerate. But we argue that

A common view is that the current global warming rate will continue or accelerate. But we argue that

. Dynamics of the subpop- ulations are analyzed and compared for a point-source attack (i.e. a sarin gas scenario is a point-source sarin gas attack at the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan. 25 for the hypothetical agent vis a vis health decline are made identical to those of the sarin scenario in order

Disaster events have always been a fact of life. Success or failure of a disaster response is often determined by timely access to communication and reliable information. The rapid progress and future course in telecommunications indicate that lack of communications need no longer be the paralyzing factor in a disaster ...

...5 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES PROMPT PAYMENT... Payments related to emergencies and disasters (as defined in the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act and Emergency Assistance,...

This is a preliminary investigation of the feasibility of using simulation models to develop plans for the medical protection of European civilian populations in time of war or other major disasters. First, the functions required of a planning methodology were identified, such as estimating resource requirements, predicting casualty dispositions, and evaluating alternative ...

Pediatric patients are likely victims in a disaster and are more vulnerable in a disaster than adults, yet they have been essentially overlooked in disaster management according to the Pediatric Institute of Medicine Report. We did a needs assessment of Disaster Medical Assistance Teams regarding pediatric issues. ...

The Sandia National Laboratories Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator PBFA-II is expected to produce significant amounts of penetrating radiation. The present study considers a postulated operational scenario for the accelerator and determines the amount of s...

A conceptual design of a muon acceleration based on recirculating superconducting linacs is proposed. In the presented scenario, acceleration starts after ionization cooling at 210 MeV/c and proceeds to 20 GeV, where the beam is injected into a neutrino f...

/or pervasive processes, e.g., disaster management scenarios [2]. Independently on the application domain by instantiating the Disaster Management workflow described above. Each case deals with the activities. Figure 2(a) shows the main process of the Disaster Management workflow, including eight work items. Dots

Recent disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina and 9-11, have highlighted an increasing need for the U.S. Government (USG) to deliver a more rapid and coordinated response to both natural disasters and classic military response scenarios. Katrina highlighted...

The aftermath and response to a disaster can be divided into four phases. The importance of each depends on the length of time without resupply and the resources that are required. This in turn depends on the time span of the disaster; the area involved; the number of the population affected; the resupply available; the extent of the devastation; and the ...

Diseaser emergencies are occurring with seemingly increased frequency. The likelihood that gerontological nurse will be involved in a disaster scenario, regardless of practices setting, is real. Instead of recoiling from this likelihood, the best approach is preparedness. In this article we examine what constitutes a disaster and how ...

An Application Service Provider (ASP) archive model for disaster recovery for Saint John"s Health Center (SJHC) clinical PACS data has been implemented using a Fault-Tolerant Archive Server at the Image Processing and Informatics Laboratory, Marina del Rey, CA (IPIL) since mid-2002. The purpose of this paper is to provide clinical experiences with the implementation of an ASP ...

Taiwan is located in the Circum-Pacific Belt and at the junction of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The island is squeezed over a long period of time, so the frequency of the occurrence of earthquakes is very high. Changes of terrain due to seismic forces such as fault ruptures and surface uplifts could cause extensive damage to water pipeline networks. The 921 Ji-Ji earthquake ...

The INTRODUCTION to this paper summarizes the history of the Global Accelerator Network (GAN) concept and the recent workshops that discussed the relationship between GAN and Remote Operations. The REMOTE OPERATIONS SCENARIOS section brings out the organizational philosophy embodied in GAN-like and to non-GAN-like scenarios. The set of ...

The INTRODUCTION to this paper summarizes the history of the Global Accelerator Network (GAN) concept and the recent workshops that discussed the relationship between GAN and Remote Operations. The REMOTE OPERATIONS SCENARIOS section brings out the organizational philosophy embodied in GAN-like and to non-GAN-like scenarios. The set of ...

The INTRODUCTION to this paper summarizes the history of the Global Accelerator Network (GAN) concept and the recent workshops that discussed the relationship between GAN and Remote Operations. The REMOTE OPERATIONS SCENARIOS section brings out the organizational philosophy embodied in GAN-like and to non-GAN-like scenarios. The set of ...

We designed the system, Rescue-MIKE, and implemented to the RoboCup Rescue Simulation System. The Rescue MIKE system aims to communicate with large numbers of relief workers and controllers working in a rescue domain. The system has an ability to report the situation of the domain like a newscaster. Our system consists of multiple agents. The system collects information from a simulated ...

We parameterize pp total cross section data from accelerator to cosmic-ray energies and show that the experimental information presently available are statistically consistent with two different scenarios at the highest energies.

To create a presence in Second Life (SL) the university college of nursing (CON) purchased four virtual islands in December 2007. The intent was to enhance distance education with immersion learning experiences for nursing students in SL. The Pollock Alumni House, classrooms, faculty offices, a library, a student welcome center, a public health office, a disaster ...

A scenario-based distributed information system for operationally building the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) is presented as part of Northrop Grumman's participation in the GEOSS ten- year Architecture Implementation Pilot plan. Northrop Grumman is responding to the application challenge of implementing GEOSS capabilities by adding several U.S. Global ...

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its ..... 215 decrease while CO2 continues to increase in the A I B scenario; thus, ...

Aug 21, 2008 ... An Agile Accelerated Aging, Characterization and Scenario Simulation System for Gate Controlled Power Transistors, by Greg Sonnenfeld, ...

La and Steinhardt. 1 proposed a new inflationary universe scenario, dubbed e_tended inflation, ... 4 and by La, Steinhardt, and Bertschinger. s The problems ...

This report provides background information for a series of reports documenting accident scenario simulations for the Accelerator Production of Tritium blanket heat removal systems.

Mar 1, 2011 ... Several scenarios for wave forcing are examined, and the Lindzen-Holton parameterization is used to derive wave-induced accelerations of the ...

This report provides background information for a series of reports documenting accident scenario simulations for the Accelerator Production of Tritium blanket heat removal systems.

Most studies of population movement have concentrated on the more developed nations and on trends that have not been influenced by man-made or natural disasters. The experience of developing countries in the Caribbean basin, as studied after the Guatemalan earthquake of 1976 and the impact of Hurricane David in the Dominican Republic of 1979, highlights the importance of ...

This animation shows one scenario of how oil released at the location of the Deepwater Horizon disaster on April 20 in the Gulf of Mexico may move in ... ...

The Embedded System Safety Analysis Assistant (ESSAA) is a knowledge-based tool that can assist in identifying disaster scenarios. Imbedded software issues hazardous control commands to the surrounding hardware. ESSAA is intended to work from outputs to i...

... Physical Damages Dr. Daniel Ponti, Geologist, USGS, Secondary Hazards Ms. Hope Seligson, Engineer, MMI Engineering, HAZUS and loss estimation Dr. Kimberley Shoaf, Public Health Scientist, UCLA School of Pu...

Environmental technologies, developed by the Department of Defense for life cycle management of energetic materials can be leveraged for use in pollution prevention and remediation of a broad range of compounds and impact scenarios (Downey et al., 2006). ...

Potential scenarios of radiation exposure resulting in mass casualties require individual, early, and definitive diagnostic radiation dose assessment to help provide medical aid within days of the occurrence of a catastrophe. The long-range goal of the Ar...

From mundane and repetitive tasks to assisting first responders in saving lives of victims in disaster scenarios, robots are expected to play an important role in our lives in the coming years. Despite recent advances in mobile robotic systems, lack of wi...

This paper considers the single commodity allocation problem (SCAP) for disaster recovery, a fundamental problem faced by all populated areas. SCAPs are complex stochastic optimization problems that combine resource allocation, warehouse routing, and parallel fleet routing. Moreover, these problems must be solved under tight runtime constraints to be practical in real-world ...

This paper considers the single commodity allocation problem (SCAP) for disaster recovery, a fundamental problem faced by all populated areas. SCAPs are complex stochastic optimization problems that combine resource allocation, warehouse routing, and parallel fleet routing. Moreover, these problems must be solved under tight runtime constraints to be practical in real-world ...

Natural disasters have a major impact, globally and within the United States causing injury and loss of life, as well as economic losses. To better address disaster response needs, a task force has been established to leverage technological capabilities to improve disaster response management. Web based geospatial analysis is one of ...

Two cosmological Models for the Poincare Gauge Gravity theory with a non vanishing torsion are proposed. It is shown that the torsion plays an important role in explaining the accelerated expansion of the universe. Some of the cosmological parameters are also expressed in terms of the redshift and the dark energy scenarios are discussed.

After the successful acceleration of deuterons, alpha particles and in more recent years of oxygen and sulphur ions, interest arose for even heavier particles. This paper describes the problems associated with heavy ions. A proposal is made for a scenario...

This guide offers best practices for disaster management at child welfare agencies. Its recommendations are firmly rooted in published disaster-related research and the advice of human service and preparedness experts. It is not a reinvention of disaster management--much quality work has been done in this field--but a synthesis of ...

A single quantum system, such as the Unruh-DeWitt detector, can be used to determine absolute acceleration by local measurements on a quantum field. To show this, we consider two kinematically indistinguishable scenarios: an inertial observer, Bob, measuring the field of a uniformly accelerated cavity, and his noninertial twin, Rob, ...

How do we train for the entire spectrum of potential emergency and crisis scenarios? Will we suddenly face large numbers of combat casualties, an earthquake, a plane crash, an industrial explosion, or a terrorist bombing? The daily routine can suddenly be complicated by large numbers of patients, exceeding the ability to treat in a routine fashion. ...

Principal distinctions between the "greenhouse disaster" and traditional scenarios of mean global temperature increase on Earth caused by greenhouse effect are discussed. Processes accompanying "greenhouse disaster" are compared with actual climatic catastrophies of Carbon and Cretaceous. Different factors, such as underground nuclear ...

Think creatively when planning for a disaster. Be sure to establish strong relationships with organizations in your area. When conducting your risk analysis, don't exclude "wild scenarios" from your hypothetical events. In the event fire department assistance is not available, equip your facility with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and nozzles to spray ...

The fifteen National Planning Scenarios depict the broad range of natural and man-made threats facing our nation. Several of which, would significantly exceed our ability to respond. In any large scale disaster, key components of the already stressed civi...

Infections, troublesome in even optimal health care environments, can be a source of serious and persistent concern for local populations and health care workers during a disaster, and in austere environments such as those found in Iraq and Afghanistan. For these scenarios, it is vital to have standard infection control practices in place and to have them ...

The nature of mankind is a concern for those in need. Disasters, both natural and manmade, have been with us since the beginning of recorded history but media coverage of them is a relatively new phenomenon. When these factors come together, there is great potential to both identify and serve the sick and injured. However, the mass media by its nature tends to enhance the ...

This paper describes a service-oriented architecture that uses a shared data model of the disaster scenario to support the exchange of data between heterogeneous systems. This architecture is employed in the Advanced Health and Disaster Aid Network (AID-N) system to facilitate interoperation between existing emergency response ...

This applet is an animation of an object moving with a constant acceleration in one dimension. It shows the velocity and acceleration vectors on the animation in real-time, as well as the position, velocity, and acceleration graphs as a function of time. The applet offers four distinct scenarios with different ...

The HESR at FAIR is being designed to accelerate and store unpolarized antiprotons in the momentum range from 1.5 to 15 Ge V/c. Different scenarios are proposed to accelerate polarized proton and antiproton beams and finally store and collide them. In this paper required modifications and extensions of the ...

The dynamic characteristics of an electron accelerated by ultraintense circularly polarized laser pulses in vacuum following the capture and acceleration scenario were studied. Comparing them with that from the use of linearly polarized laser pulses, we found (i) that the acceleration channel is wider, leading to ...

The phase stability in the capture and acceleration scenario (CAS) is studied and compared with that of conventional linear electron accelerators (CLEAs). For the CAS case, it has been found that a slow phase slippage occurs due to the difference between the electron velocity and the phase velocity of the longitudinal ...

The dynamics of a quantum particle bound by an accelerating delta-functional potential is investigated. Three cases are considered, using the reference frame moving along with the ?-function, in which the acceleration is converted into the additional linear potential. (i) A stationary regime, which corresponds to a resonance state, with a minimum degree of ...

Various resource data are presented showing that geothermal energy has the potential of satisfying a significant part of California's increasing energy needs. General factors slowing the development of geothermal energy in California are discussed and required actions to accelerate its progress are presented. Finally, scenarios for developing the ...

Continuity of Operations Planning (COOP) is actions taken before, during and after a disaster to maintain the delivery of an organization's essential services. The application of COOP in public health is necessary to save lives and protect population health when disaster strikes. However, COOP decision-making and COOP decision support technology are ...

A scenario is given for ISABELLE which provides a plausible sequence of events from FY 1980 to 1990. No doubt reality will be quite different. The scenario is based on the construction schedule of the 1976 proposal. Assembly and testing of the accelerator will occur until the end of FY 1983, and the next six years will provide pp ...

This is a problem-based learning (PBL) group jigsaw activity. The scenario is: Students are employees of a unit of the United Nations responsible for coordinating disaster relief after a major disaster (the 2004 Asian Earthquake and Tsunami) occurs. The agency needs to understand the situation in each country so that it can coordinate ...

ObjectivesTo define pathogen tests and device specifications needed for emerging point-of-care (POC) technologies used in disasters.DesignSurveys included multiple-choice and ranking questions. Multiple-choice questions were analyzed with the ?² test for goodness-of-fit and the binomial distribution test. Rankings were scored and compared using analysis ...

Interventions in extreme situations, such as natural or technological disasters, terrorist attacks or emergencies in general, take place in settings of great uncertainty and are always accompanied by extraordinary circumstances. For this reason, there are various processes related to implementing intervention protocols that must be carefully examined, including an evaluation ...

The ShakeOut and ARkStorm scenarios are scientifically-based, multi-disciplinary efforts to describe the damages and consequences of large, but plausible, natural disasters for use in emergency management and other planning. The ShakeOut earthquake scenario, completed in 2008, posits the occurrence of a major earthquake on the southern ...

Disaster impact modeling and analysis uses huge volumes of image data that are produced immediately following a natural or an anthropogenic disaster event. Rapid damage assessment is the key to time critical decision support in disaster management to better utilize available response resources and accelerate ...

The project deals with scenario techniques to assess, estimate, and communicate the potential consequences of natural disasters on risk governance arrangements. It aims to create a methodology which allows the development of disaster scenarios for different types of natural hazards. This enables relevant ...

We describe the scientific motivation for a new type of accelerator, the muon collider. This accelerator would permit an energy-frontier scientific program and yet would fit on the site of an existing laboratory. Such a device is quite challenging, and requires a substantial R&D program. After describing the ingredients of the facility, the ongoing ...

We describe the scientific motivation for a new type of accelerator, the muon collider. This accelerator would permit an energy-frontier scientific program and yet would fit on the site of an existing laboratory. Such a device is quite challenging, and requires a substantial R&D program. After describing the ingredients of the facility, the ongoing ...

The paper outlines the plans of the accelerator group under the International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory. The International Scoping Study, completed in 2006, identified a self-consistent accelerator scenario, which will be used as a baseline design for future work. Essential R and D was also listed, suggesting a programme of ...

The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator is presently operational and nearing completion of its initial dielectric structure- and plasma-based experimental program. In this paper a number of possible future improvements and directions for the AWA are discussed including photocathode source upgrades, laser pulse and beam shaping options, multiple drive bunch generation, and novel ...

Radiation Pressure Acceleration (RPA) by circularly polarized laser pulses is emerging as a promising way to obtain efficient acceleration of ions. We briefly review theoretical work on the topic, aiming at characterizing suitable experimental scenarios. We discuss the two reference cases of RPA, namely the thick target (�Hole ...

The ISABELLE Project combines two large proton accelerators with two storage rings in the same facility using superconducting magnet technology. This combination leads to severe constraints on beam loss in magnets and involves complex treatment of magnetic field imperfections and correction elements. The consequent demands placed upon beam diagnostics, ...

We estimate the computational hardware resources that will be required for accelerator physics studies during the design of the Superconducting SuperCollider. It is found that both Class IV and Class VI facilities (1) will be necessary. We describe a user environment for these facilities that is desirable within the context of accelerator studies. An ...

Despite previous efforts and expenditure of tremendous resources on creating and simulating disaster response scenarios, true disaster response, specifically for healthcare, has been inadequate. In addition, none of the >200 local and statewide telemedicine programs in the United States has ever responded to a large-scale ...

The graduate college (Graduiertenkolleg) "Natural Disasters" was established on October 1st 1998 with the aim of developing adequate modelling methods to meet the rising demand for problem-oriented know-how and solutions in the field of natural disaster research. This interdisciplinary programme focuses on the entire chain of effects of natural ...

Recent acts of terrorism have emphasised the need for research to further establish not only the nature of the impact of disaster and terrorism on the population, but also further define methods of effective intervention. Those affected, and often overlooked, include children and adolescents, yet, our knowledge of the impact upon the younger members of our community is ...

Ex-ante measures to improve risk preparedness for natural disasters are generally considered to be more effective than ex-post measures. Nevertheless, most resources are allocated after an event in geographical areas that are vulnerable to natural disasters. This paper analyses the cost-effectiveness of ex-ante adaptation measures in the wake of ...

A unified treatment of mass varying dark matter coupled to cosmonlike dark energy is shown to result in effective generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) scenarios. The mass varying mechanism is treated as a cosmon field inherent effect. Coupling dark matter with dark energy allows for reproducing the conditions for the present cosmic acceleration and for ...

A unified treatment of mass varying dark matter coupled to cosmonlike dark energy is shown to result in effective generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) scenarios. The mass varying mechanism is treated as a cosmon field inherent effect. Coupling dark matter with dark energy allows for reproducing the conditions for the present cosmic acceleration and for ...

The Pulse Line Ion Accelerator concept was motivated by the desire for an inexpensive way to accelerate intense short pulse heavy ion beams to regimes of interest for studies of High Energy Density Physics and Warm Dense Matter. A pulse power driver applied at one end of a helical pulse line creates a traveling wave pulse that ...

A separate induction accelerator buncher following after the storage rings is one of the options for final bunch compression. The other option is to apply the bunching voltage within the ring, but this requires a low-frequency, high gradient accelerating structure within the ring and a large aperture, which are difficult to do and undesirable. The ...

The objective of this communication is to introduce a conceptual framework for a study that applies a rigorous systems approach to rural disaster preparedness and planning. System Dynamics is a well-established computer-based simulation modeling methodology for analyzing complex social systems that are difficult to change and predict. This approach has been applied for decades ...

INTRODUCTION: The bomb attacks in Madrid (2004) and London (2005) have increased awareness that terrorist attacks are also a real threat in Germany. Hospitals and health care providers should be prepared. METHODS: We distributed an anonymous online questionnaire to physicians working in trauma centers of different categories. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. ...

Disasters commonly pose immediate threats to human safety, but can also produce hazardous materials (HM) that pose short- and long-term environmental-health threats. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has helped assess potential environmental health characteristics of HM produced by various natural and anthropogenic disasters, such as the 2001 World Trade ...

Motivation: The problem of identifying victims in a mass disaster using DNA fingerprints involves a scale of computation that requires efficient and accurate algorithms. In a typical scenario there are hundreds of samples taken from remains that must be matched to the pedigrees of the alleged victim's surviving relatives. Moreover the samples are often ...