Since 1991, the CEA has studied the physics of hybrid systems, involving a sub-critical reactor coupled with an accelerator. These studies have provided information on the potential of hybrid systems to transmute actinides and, long lived fission products. The potential of such a system remains to be proven, specifically in terms of ...

The kinetics of multiplying media sustained by externally generated neutrons is examined. Point kinetics and diffusion theory considerations form the underlying basis. The results derived here constitute an extension of neutron kinetics analysis with ready applications to hybrid reactors and spallation accelerator blankets.

Hybrid reactors (Accelerator Driven Sub-critical Systems, ADS), coupling an accelerator with a target and a sub-critical reactor, could simultaneously burn minor actinides and transmute long-lived fission products, while producing a consistent amount of electrical energy. A group of Italian research and development ...

After years of continued growth, the number of miles driven by Americans started falling in December 2007. Not only are the number of miles driven falling, but as cars become more fuel efficient, they go further on fewer gallons - further reducing demand for gasoline. This trend is expected to accelerate. Drivers include, along with ...

The work is aimed at measurements and computer simulations of independent and cumulative yields of residual product nuclei in thin targets relevant as target materials and structure materials for hybrid accelerator-driven systems coupled to high-energy proton accelerators.

The research into advanced acceleration concepts for electron linear accelerators being pursued at SLAC is reviewed. This research includes experiments in laser acceleration, plasma wakefield acceleration, and mmwavelength RF driven accelerators.

The use of multi-source power systems, ``hybrids,`` is one of the fastest growing, potentially significant markets for photovoltaic (PV) system technology today. Cost-effective applications today include remote facility power, remote area power supplies, remote home and village power, and power for dedicated electrical loads such as communications systems. This market sector ...

The evolution of a coronal mass ejection (CME) event observed on February 17, 1985 is studied using two-dimensional radio imaging observations along with simultaneously obtained coronagraph observations. This event shows that a slow CME can be associated with type II and type IV radio bursts. The implications of the spatial association of the radio bursts with the CME are discussed. It is argued ...

When the authors first proposed an accelerator-driven reactor, the concept was opposed by physicists who had earlier used the accelerator for their physics experiments. This opposition arose because they had nuisance experiences in that the accelerator wa...

The Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility is the front-end prototype of a CW accelerator useful for accelerator-driven technologies. Its purpose is for evaluating the reliability, availability, and maintainability of a high-current and high-power...

Alfven waves with large perpendicular wavelengths deposit a large amount of electromagnetic energy in the auroral plasma. Dissipation of this energy resulting into electron and ion accelerations remains a challenging problem in space physics. We find that an effective mechanism for the dissipation is the cross-field instabilities (CFI) driven by the ...

The interaction of the solar wind with lunar surface magnetic fields produces a bow shock and a magnetosphere-like structure. In front of the shock wave energetic electrons up to keV energies are produced. This paper describes how resonant interactions between plasma turbulence in the form of lower-hybrid waves and electrons can result in field aligned electron ...

The purpose of this paper is to compare the safety characteristics of an accelerator driven metal-fueled fast system to a critical core on a consistent basis to determine how these characteristics are affected solely by subcriticality of the system. To accomplish this, an accelerator proton beam/tungsten neutron source model is ...

The purpose of this paper is to compare the safety characteristics of an accelerator driven metal fueled fast system to a critical core on a consistent basis to determine how these characteristics are affected solely by subcritically of the system. To accomplish this an accelerator proton beam/tungsten neutron source model is ...

... Accession Number : ADA057287. Title : A Laser-Driven Pellet Accelerator for CTR Fuel Injection. Descriptive Note : Master's thesis,. ...

It was predicted that, when a fast electron beam with some angular spread is normally incident on a resistivity gradient, magnetic field generation can occur that can inhibit beam propagation [A. R. Bell , Phys. Rev. EPLEEE81063-651X 58, 2471 (1998)10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2471]. This effect can have consequences on the laser-driven ion acceleration. In the ...

Plutonium recycle in fast reactors, as well as utilization/transmutation of minor actinides and long-lived fission products in hybrid reactor systems (e.g. accelerator driven systems, ADS) offer promising nuclear fuel backend management options. Several R&D programs in various IAEA Member States are actively pursuing these options, ...

Laser-driven acceleration holds great promise for significantly improving accelerating gradient. However, scaling the conventional process of structure-based acceleration in vacuum down to opticalerent kind of structure. We require an optical waveguide th...

The lower-hybrid instabilities in high-beta (ratio of plasma to magnetic pressure) plasmas driven by

Plasma accelerators may be driven by the ponderomotive force of an intense laser or the space-charge force of a charged particle beam. The implications for accelerator design and the different physical mechanisms of laser-driven and beam-driven plasma acceleration are ...

Theoretical investigations of plasma-based accelerators and other advanced accelerator concepts. The focus of the work was on the development of plasma based and structure based accelerating concepts, including laser-plasma, plasma channel, and microwave driven plasma accelerators.

... Descriptors : *CARBON DIOXIDE LASERS, LASER APPLICATIONS, RAMAN SCATTERING, ELECTRON ACCELERATORS, LINEAR ...

A means of transmuting key long-lived nuclear wastes, primarily the minor actinides (Np, Am, Cm) and iodine, using a hybrid proton accelerator and sub-critical lattice, is proposed. By partitioning the components of the light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel and by transmuting key elements, such as the plutonium, the minor actinides, and a few of the ...

The flight trajectories of a hypothetical small-size rocket starting from the Earth surface and driven by hybrid propulsion, which involves a solid-propellant rocket motor (SRM) and a ramjet-type air-breathing engine (ramjet), are calculated and analyzed. The basic varied parameter is the ratio of the fuel masses used for operation of various engine types ...

... Pseudoresonant Laser Wakefield Acceleration ... these mechanisms have practical limits to the max - imum length of the acceleration regions. ...

A reply to the comment on unlimited electrons acceleration in laser-driven plasma waves is presented.

The heliocentrifugal motion of coronal loop transients is likely driven largely by the buoyant force

The wave measurements at the spacecraft encounters with Comet Halley have shown intense wave activity at the lower hybrid frequency. The excitation of the lower hybrid instability by the pickup cometary ions (protons and water group) in the bow wave region and the quasi-linear diffusion of the ions in these fluctuations are discussed. The quasi-linear ...

When the authors first proposed an accelerator-driven reactor, the concept was opposed by physicists who had earlier used the accelerator for their physics experiments. This opposition arose because they had nuisance experiences in that the accelerator was not reliable, and very often disrupted their work as the ...

The acceleration efficiency of a laser driven linear accelerator is analyzed. The laser power, loss factor and impedances determine the maximum charge that can be accelerated and the efficiency of that acceleration. The accelerator structure can be incorporated into a laser ...

... Accession Number : ADA206062. Title : Plasma Simulation of Ion Acceleration by Lower Hybrid Waves in the Suprauroral Region. ...

The concept of a subcritical system driven by an external source of neutrons provided by an accelerator ADS (Accelerator Driver System) has been recently revived and is becoming more popular in the world technical community with active programs in Europe,...

This project will analyze and design a novel oblique-detonation-wave (ODW), ram- accelerator-driven propulsion concept for the acceleration of tube-launched ...

A current driven by injecting the lower hybrid wave was observed in a Tokamak of low density. It is confirmed that RF-driven current is generated by momentum transfer of the lower hybrid wave propagating with small parallel refractive index to runaway ele...

This paper discusses the acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic fields, i.e., by fields that are produced by the motion of other charged particles driven by some power source. The mechanisms that are discussed include: Ponderamotive Forces, Acceleration, Plasma Beat Wave Acceleration, Inverse Free ...

Recent development work conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory on technologies which use particle accelerator-driven targets is summarized. These efforts include development of the Spallation-Induced Lithium Conversion (SILC) Target for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT), the Accelerator-Driven Assembly for Plutonium ...

Recent development work conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory on technologies which use particle accelerator-driven targets is summarized. These efforts include development of the Spallation-Induced Lithium Conversion (SILC) Target for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT), the Accelerator-Driven Assembly for Plutonium ...

The results of a study of linear and nonlinear properties of Alfv�n-cyclotron waves propagating along a background magnetic field in collisionless plasmas are presented. Kinetic theory and one-dimensional hybrid simulations are used to identify the complete family of growing and damped wave modes and the connection with the spontaneous fluctuations in plasmas. The ...

As the dimensions of accelerating structures become smaller and beam intensities higher, the transverse wakefields driven by the beam become quite large with even a slight misalignment of the beam from the geometric axis. These deflection modes can cause inter-bunch beam breakup and intra-bunch head-tail instabilities along the beam path, and thus BBU ...

Hybrid electric vehicles were re-introduced in the late 1990s after a century dominated by purely internal combustion powered engines[1]. Automotive players, such as GM, Ford, DaimlerChrysler, Honda, and Toyota, together with major energy producers, such as BPAmoco, were the major force in the development of hybrid electric vehicles. Most notable was the ...

Simulations are presented for a laser-driven cyclotron autoresonance accelerator with a practical guide magnetic field, as produced by a single coil. Effects that are investigated include acceleration in the non-resonant magnetic field profile, reduced acceleration due to misalignment between the magnetic field ...

Numerical simulations of plasma behavior in a magnetic nozzle of a Laser-Plasma Driven Nuclear Electric Propulsion System are conducted. The propellant is heated and accelerated by the laser and expanded isotropically. The magnetic nozzle is a combination of solenoidal coils and used to collimate and guide the plasma to produce thrust. Simulation ...

... The automation of the optical tweezers is also programmable. This technique may be applied to accelerate the DNA hybridization in a gene chip. ...

Abstract: In a canonical genetic algorithm, the reproduction operators (crossover and mutation) are random in nature. The direction of the search carried out by the GA system is driven purely by the bias to fitter individuals in the selection process. Several authors have proposed the use of directed mutation operators as a means of improving the convergence speed of GAs on ...

High current, energetic protons are produced by irradiating thin metal foils with intense lasers. Here, the laser plasma interaction produces relativistic electrons at the critical surface. These electrons propagate through the foil and create a space-charge cloud that accelerates proton contaminants on the back side. Self-consistent electromagnetic simulations of this process ...

High current, energetic protons are produced by irradiating thin metal foils with intense lasers. Here, the laser plasma interaction produces relativistic electrons at the critical surface. These electrons propagate through the foil and create a space-charge cloud that accelerates proton contaminants on the back side. Self-consistent electromagnetic simulations of this process ...

Several accelerator designs are discussed in search for a greater than 1 TeV electron accelerator. The types considered are linear accelerators, the inverse Cerenkov accelerators, the wiggler (inverse free electron laser), plasma accelerators, and the grating accelerator. A ...

The US is developing the physics and technology of induction accelerators for heavy-ion beam-driven inertial fusion. The recirculating induction accelerator repeatedly passes beams through the same set of accelerating and focusing elements, thereby reduci...

Several laser plasma accelerator schemes are reviewed, with emphasis on the Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator (PBWA). Theory indicates that a very high acceleration gradient, of order 1 GeV/m, can exist in the plasma wave driven by the beating lasers. Experime...

A novel computer code is being developed to generate system level designs of radiofrequency ion accelerators with specific applications to machines of interest to Accelerator Driven Transmutation Technologies (ADTT). The goal of the Accelerator System Mod...

The characteristics of ablation plasma from planar targets, driven by long Nd:glass laser pulses (4 nsec,

The characteristics of ablation plasma from planar targets, driven by long Nd:glass laser pulses (4 nsec,

motor-driven flywheels that are accelerated to apply continuously controllable torques to a spacecraft by means ... sired spacecraft control system response time. ...

Both self-acceleration and laser-acoustic acceleration in crystals are considered. The conduction electrons in the crystal are treated as a plasma and are the medium through which the acceleration takes place. Self-acceleration is the possible acceleration of part of a bunch due to plasma ...

Recent advances in energy storage, switching and magnet technology make electromagnetic acceleration a viable alternative to chemical propulsion for certain tasks, and a means to perform other tasks not previously feasible. Applications include the acceleration of gram-size particles for hypervelocity research and the initiation of fusion by impact, a ...

Accelerator reliability corresponding to a very low frequency of beam interrupts is an important new accelerator requirement for accelerator-driven subcritical reactor systems. In this paper we review typical accelerator-reliability requirements and discuss possible methods for meeting these goals with ...

Recent advances in laser-ion acceleration have motivated research towards laser-driven compact accelerators for medical therapy. Realizing laser-ion acceleration for medical therapy will require adapting the medical requirements to the foreseeable laser constraints, as well as advances in ...

The Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility is the front-end prototype of a CW accelerator useful for accelerator-driven technologies. Its purpose to evaluate the reliability, availability, and maintainability of a high-current and high-power machine. This paper describes the design and technology development of the facility.

The Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility is the front-end prototype of a CW accelerator useful for accelerator-driven technologies. Its purpose is for evaluating the reliability, availability, and maintainability of a high-current and high-power machine. In this paper, design and technology development of the facility will be ...

We describe the power production process in Accelerator Driven Sub-critical systems employing Thorium-232 and Uranium-238 as fuel and examine the demands on the power of the accelerator required.

We describe the power production process in Accelerator Driven Sub-critical systems employing Thorium-232 and Uranium-238 as fuel and examine the demands on the power of the accelerator required.

This paper discusses the acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic fields, i.e., by fields that are produced by the motion of other charged particles driven by some power source. The mechanisms that are discussed include: Ponderamotive Forces, ...

... Title : Analysis of a Rail Gun Plasma Accelerator. ... Abstract : A model is developed to study the characteristics of an arc-driven rail gun. ...

Energy measurement in coaxial plasma accelerator determining current, voltage on gun and at open end

The TRADE project (TRiga Accelerator Driven Experiment), to be performed at the existing TRIGA reactor at ENEA Casaccia, has been proposed as a validation of the accelerator-driven system (ADS) concept. TRADE will be the first experiment in which the three main components of an ADS--the accelerator, spallation ...

This study has been focused on an Accelerator-Driven Energy Amplifier, based on the concept proposed by the CERN-group. To analyze the performance of this system the extensive optimization of the core lattice was done, the temperature coefficients of reactivity were investigated, reactivity budget and power distribution were estimated.

Recent development work conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory on technologies which use particle accelerator-driven targets is summarized. These efforts include development of the Spallation-Induced Lithium Conversion (SILC) Target for the Accelerat...

In November 1996, SKB started financing of the project 'System and safety studies of accelerator driven transmutation systems and development of a spallation target'. The aim of the project was stated as: (1) Development of a complete code for simulation ...

Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technology, or ADT(sup 2), is a collection of programs that share a common theme - they each have at their heart an intense source of neutrons generated by a high-energy proton beam striking a heavy metal target. The beam ...

There is renewed interest in using accelerator driven neutron sources to address the problem of high-level long-lived nuclear waste. Several laboratories have developed systems that may have a significant impact on the future use of nuclear power, adding ...

A new concept for an accelerator-driven transmutation system is described. The central feature of the concept is generation of intense fluxes of thermal neutrons. In the system all long-lived radionuclides comprising high-level nuclear waste can be transm...

The objective of this project has been to develop computational methods that will enable more effective analysis of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS). The work is centered at the University of Missouri at Rolla, with a subcontract at Northwestern Universit...

We discuss the potential for using microfabrication techniques for laser-driven accelerator construction. We introduce microfabrication processes in general, and then describe our investigation of a particular trial process. We conclude by considering the issues microfabrication raises for possible future structures.

We present an investigation of a class of particle accelerators driven by the mechanical implosion of an electrically conducting cylindrical liner onto a ring of charged particles embedded in an axial magnetic field. We have performed a number of two-dime...

Theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on laser-driven particle accelerators. The theoretical work primarily consisted of detailed analysis and computer simulation of the stimulated Cherenkov interaction. Additional analysis was also don...

Kinetic calculations were made to show that subcritical accelerator driven devices are robust and stable. The calculations show that large changes in reactivity that would lead to an uncontrollable excursion in a reactor would lead only to a new power lev...

The purpose of this paper is to compare the safety characteristics of an accelerator driven metal fueled fast system to a critical core on a consistent basis to determine how these characteristics are affected solely by subcritically of the system. To acc...

A sudden drop in power after a beam interruption leads to thermal fatigue effects in structural components in the blanket of an accelerator driven system. These thermal fatigue effects limit component lifetimes. A sudden return to power after a beam inter...

Fissile fuel can be produced at a high rate using an accelerator-driven Pu-fueled subcritical fast reactor which avoids encountering a shortage of Pu during a high growth rate in the production of nuclear energy. Furthermore, the necessity of the early in...

The report includes 31 individual contributions by experts from six countries and two international organizations in different areas of the accelerator driven transmutation technology intended to be applied for the treatment of highly radioactive waste an...

Recent advances in energy storage, switching and magnet technology make electromagnetic acceleration a viable alternative to chemical propulsion for certain tasks, and a means to perform other tasks not previously feasible. Launchers of interest include the dc railgun driven by energy stored inertially in a homopolar generator and transferred through a ...

A compact, accelerator driven, neutron activator based on a modified version of the Adiabatic Resonance Crossing (ARC) concept has been developed, with the aim of efficiently utilising ion-beam generated neutrons for the production of radioactive nanoparticles for brachytherapy. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to optimise the design ...

Hybrid systems and techniques, combining data driven learning techniques (such as neural networks) with knowledge driven techniques (such as fuzzy rules) begin to be extensively applied in the biomedical field, especially for signal analysis and interpret...

The thermal processes in the first wall and blanket of an electron beam driven hybrid reactor are studied. The first wall is a liquid while the blanket is behind the first wall. (ERA citation 04:037910)

The problems of creating solid antimatter are listed and examined. Laser driven accelerators may reduce the technological and financial magnitude of the task.

... results indicate that the perturbation level at the beginning of the ... reach the front and rear free surfaces, they are ... front surface of the target and at the ...

This paper identifies the basic safety functions in nuclear reactor design, and the safety design issues for accelerator-driven subcritical reactors.

complexity. � Increased cognitive workload. Our approach to high performance visualization is to focus

threshold energy than parallel shocks? " How low in the corona can. CME-driven shocks form and accelerate particles? to what energies? ...

Jan 25, 1999 ... determine the source mechanisms for plasma acceleration in the topside ... Exchange Dynamics Study (FEDS.98), was driven by two factors. ...

... LASER BEAMS, *NUCLEAR FUSION, ABLATION, PLASMAS ... LASERS, MOMENTUM TRANSFER, PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS, FOILS(MATERIALS ...

... scaling of the instability onset as a function of magnetic field are ... Theoretical conditions for the appearance of the fast growing, short wavelength ...

This is the Final Report on the research and development of high brightness pulse laser driven thermionic electron sources. Enhanced coupling of electron beam energies to radiative fields in accelerator-driven free-electron lasers requires injector cathod...

The blanket of accelerator-driven facility designed for I-129 transmutation doesn't contain fissile and fertile materials. So the overheating of iodine compounds transmuted is practically excluded. The efficacy of I-129 transmutation is estimated. Curium being accumulated in nuclear reactors can be incinerated in blanket of accelerator-driven ...

The quasilinear theory for the saturation of nonlinear tearing modes is modified to include rf driven currents. It is shown that the presence of lower hybrid driven currents can strongly suppress the growth of magnetic islands.

Accelerator-driven systems for fissile materials production have been proposed and studied since the early 1950s. Recent advances in beam power levels for small accelerators have raised the possibility that such use could be feasible for a potential proliferator. The objective of this study is to review the state of technology development for ...

The landing load accelerations, combinations of vertical, horizontal, lateral and rotational accelerations, will be applied to numerical Hybrid III Finite Element ...

... Acceleration of Ionospheric Ions by Lower ... in-Cell Plasma Simulation of High-Latitude Lower Hybrid Turbulence and Charged Particle Acceleration ...

The acceleration of electrons during lower-hybrid heating is suppressed by a nonlinear interaction of parametrically excited waves.

(HLA) hybrid refuse truck has a parallel hybrid drivetrain that captures the truck's kinetic energy during braking to assist in launching and accelerating the vehicle. Learn...