... Page 2. CATHODIC DELAMINATION ACCELERATED LIFE TEST METHOD ... a 1:est for cathodic delamination of such materials in water. ...

The Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) is designed to produce a 10 kAmp electron beam at an energy of 4.5 MeV in 40 nsec pulses at an average rate of 2 pps. The accelerator also operates in bursts of 5 pulses spaced by as little as one millisec at an average rate of 5 pps. The machine is currently operating near 80% of its design ...

Thermionic dispenser cathodes are widely used in modern high-power microwave tubes. Use of these cathodes has led to significant improvement in performance. In recent years these cathodes have been used in electron linear accelerators (LINACs), particularly in induction LINACs, such as the Experimental Test ...

... Descriptors : *ION ACCELERATORS, *LINEAR ACCELERATORS, ELECTRIC FIELDS, CATHODES, ELECTRON BEAMS, INSTABILITY, SPACE ...

For verifying the hydrodynamics of nuclear weapons design it is useful to have flash x-ray machines that can deliver a maximum dose in a minimum pulse length and with very high reliability. At LLNL, such a requirement was identified some years ago as 500 roentgens at one meter, in a 60 nsec pulse length. In response to this requirement, a linear induction ...

An apparatus for remotely adjusting the anode-cathode gap in a pulse power machine has an electric motor located within a hollow cathode inside the vacuum chamber of the pulse power machine. Input information for controlling the motor for adjusting the an...

The PHERMEX (Pulsed High-Energy Radiographic Machine Emitting X-rays) standing-wave linear accelerator is a high-current electron beam generator used for flash-radiography. An improved electron gun has been designed employing a flat-thermionic cathode to replace the existing Pierce-geometry gun. The flat cathode ...

The PHERMEX (Pulsed High-Energy Radiographic Machine Emitting X-rays) standing-wave linear accelerator is a high-current electron beam generator used for flash-radiography. An improved electron gun has been designed employing a flat-thermionic cathode to replace the existing Pierce-geometry gun. The flat cathode ...

Tangential drag measurements at electrodes of arc in plasma accelerator, ion current partitioning at

Tangential drag measurements at electrodes of arc in plasma accelerator, ion current partitioning at

... Title : The Accelerated Tests of Machine Parts and Equipment for Wear Resistance (with the Application of Radioactive Indicators Wear),. ...

Previous studies of the Advanced Test Accelerator inrjector using the low density plasma cathode (flashboard cathode) have shown that the brightness of the injector was being limited by the non-uniform emission of the cathode surface. To avoid this diffic...

... ELECTRONICS), ELECTRICAL INSULATION, CATHODES(ELECTRON TUBES), ELECTRON ACCELERATORS, GOLD, ELECTRIC CURRENT ...

... Abstract : A high current density cathode is ... Machining, Impregnation, Sintering, Rare gases ... Subject Categories : ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ...

The new flash x-ray machine (FXR) at LLNL is scheduled for completion in late 1981. This is a 54 module, linear induction accelerator, designed to deliver 500 Roentgen at 1 m as bremsstrahlung from a 20 MeV, 4 kA, 60 ns pulsed electron beam. The 1.5 MV, cold cathode injector makes use of six accelerator modules as ...

Further increases in the beam intensity of the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) at Argonne National Laboratory required the replacement of the H/sup -/ source with a higher current source. A magnetron ion source of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) design was adapted with a grooved cathode to provide a stable 40 to 50 mA of beam operating at ...

We use a Barium Oxide coated cathode to supply accelerated electrons as an energy source to from our plasma. Oxide coated cathodes have been used for decades in vacuum tubes and plasma research. Most of these have been small (1 cm dia.) or designed to operate in a low magnetic field where the J�B \\unboldmath forces on them are ...

The Hollow Cathode Assembly is a thermionic source of electrons critical to the ... In the case of the discharge cathode, plasma electrons are accelerated into the ... reported on an experimental and theoretical investigation into the discharge ...

Macro-particle acceleration driven by low current, high voltage cathode spots has been investigated.

The plasma erosion switch is a device capable of initially carrying high currents, and then of opening in nanoseconds to stand off high voltages. It depends upon the erosion of a plasma which initially fills the switch. The sheath between the plasma and the cathode behaves as a diode with a rapidly increasing A-K gap. Preliminary tests of the switch on the Proto I ...

The operating characteristics of a plasma-filled fast-opening switch and its performance in pinching experiments on Sandia's Proto I accelerator (double sided, 2 MV, 7.2 ..cap omega.., 24 nsec each side) are described. The growth of a sheath between the plasma and the cathode of the switch is the mechanism responsible for the switch impedance ...

... machines, Van de Graff machines, linear accelerators ... not contain cost information for machine down time ... assuming 100-percent absorption of the ...

A controlled porosity dispenser cathode and method of manufacture therefore, using chemical vapor deposition and laser drilling, ion milling, or electron discharge machining for consistent and economical manufacturing a cathode with pores on the order of ...

Experiments on collective ion acceleration by means of the formation of a virtual cathode have been carried out for a number of years in the Soviet Union and in the United States. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the subject as a possible means of accelerating ions to very high energies. By understanding the physics ...

... HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING, *DISPLAY SYSTEMS, *MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS, *CATHODE RAY TUBE SCREENS, DATA BASES ...

Double pulse transport experiments were conducted on the front end of the ATA accelerator to obtain data on the capability of a velvet cloth cathode to produce two successive pulses. Pulses of approximately 3 kA were extracted from the cathode with interp...

The acceleration of large numbers of ions to high energies uses an intense relativistic electron beam produced by a vacuum diode. An electron beam radial profile is maintained by a strong longitudinal magnetic field. A virtual cathode, characterized by an electrostatic potential depression whose depth corresponds to the injected electron beam kinetic ...

Contents: Characteristic of the methods of acceleration of tests of machine parts for wear resistance; Methodical bases of application of the method of surface activation while conducting accelerated tests of machine parts for wear resistance; Tests of ma...

A design is given for an electron beam device for irradiating spherical hydrogen isotope bearing targets. The accelerator, which includes hollow cathodes facing each other, injects an anode plasma between the cathodes and produces an approximately 10 nanosecond, megajoule pulse between the anode plasma and the ...

The objectives of this work were to develop methods for accelerated testing of cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells under selected operating conditions. The methods would be used to evaluate the performance of LSM cathode material.

A method and test apparatus for carrying out testing on a variety of samples of polymer bonded to metal wherein the samples are subjected to an accelerated cathodic reaction causing cathodic delamination of the samples. In particular, a the method and tes...

Experiments on collective ion acceleration by means of the formation of a virtual cathode have been carried out for a number of years in the Soviet Union and in the United States. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the subject as a possible mean...

An apparatus for remotely adjusting the anode-cathode gap in a pulse power machine has an electric motor located within a hollow cathode inside the vacuum chamber of the pulse power machine. Input information for controlling the motor for adjusting the anode-cathode gap is fed into the ...

An ion generating apparatus utilizing a vacuum chamber, a cathode and an anode in the chamber. A source of electrical power produces an arc or discharge between the cathode and anode. The arc is sufficient to vaporize a portion of the cathode to form a plasma. The plasma is directed to an extractor which separates the electrons from ...

... However, a fully two-dimensional Euler code is used in this report for a cylindrical configuration of an MPD accelerator, with conical cathode. ...

... confusing as increasing Zn causes an ennobling effect. ... information gathered thus far, a model for corrosion ... act as a small cathode supporting the ...

... to undergo stress-corrosion cracking. ... cathodic polarization up to the appearance of cracking. ... NaCl solution regardless of the probable mechanism. ...

... structure with the cutting process during machining. ... cutting force and the tool's acceleration are ... damping of the machine tool's structure increases ...

study, a coated filament was used. The compact plasma accelerator (CPA) concept is also compatible with a field emitter array cathode. The appeal of this ...

A microwave generator using an oscillating virtual cathode is described comprising: a cathode for emitting electrons; an anode for accelerating emitted electrons from the cathode, the anode having an annular slit therethrough effective for forming the virtual cathode and having at least one ...

A theory of the hollow cathode arc is given which explains the physical mechanisms of operation of these discharges. The following basic phenomena are studied: the gas flow inside the cathode; the formation of the internal plasma column by ionization of the neutral gas by the primary electrons emitted by the cathode, which are ...

Several process variables affecting the final electron emission properties of impregnated dispenser cathodes were investigated. In particular, the influence of billet porosity, impregnant composition and purity, and osmium-ruthenium coating were studied. Work function and cathode evaporation data were used to evaluate cathode ...

... Flight simulation, *Man machine systems, *Cueing, Acceleration, Pilots, Trainees, Flight maneuvers, Proprioception, Electric coils, Magnet coils ...

We solve the problem of the electron beam current in a planar two-electrode gun with a moving magnetically insulated edge cathode under conditions of unbounded emissivity of the cathode edge. Current-voltage characteristics of the systems with both stationary and moving cathodes are compared. The dependences of the relative difference ...

This paper reviews the requirements and current status of cathodes for accelerator applications, and proposes a research and development plan for advancing cathode technology. Accelerator cathodes need to have long operational lifetimes and produce electron beams with a very low emittance. The ...

The design, performance, and characteristics of a plasma cathode electron gun are presented. The plasma cathode is based on a hollow cathode direct current discharge, and the electron beam is accelerated by pulse voltage. By discharging at high gas pressure and operating at low gas pressure, both the maximum ...

The design, performance, and characteristics of a plasma cathode electron gun are presented. The plasma cathode is based on a hollow cathode direct current discharge, and the electron beam is accelerated by pulse voltage. By discharging at high gas pressure and operating at low gas pressure, both the maximum ...

In order to establish technology for future X-ray FEL at 1 Angstrom wavelength region, RIKEN/SPring-8 started SCSS-project in 2002. It is a soft X-ray SASE FEL machine aiming at demonstrating FEL operation below 10 nm wavelength with 1 GeV electron beam. Using the short period in-vacuum undulator and the high gradient C-band main accelerator, the ...

I describe the future accelerator facilities that are currently foreseen for electroweak scale physics, neutrino physics, and nuclear structure. I will explore the physics justification for these machines, and suggest how the case for future accelerators can be made.

During the last year we re-configured the ATA injector to accommodate field emission cathodes. The injector is now run as a diode machine with a 7 cm radius cathode, an A-K gap of 12.9 cm and a field stress of 190 kV/cm. The advantage of using field emission cathodes is we have increased the injector brightness by ...

Experiments and simulations of cathode priming of a relativistic magnetron using KrF laser projection ablation lithography (PAL) cathodes are reported. The new UM technique of cathode-priming of N-cavity magnetrons utilizes N/2 azimuthally periodic electron emission regions spaced around the cylindrical cathode[1]. ...

With a goal of providing means for accelerating the image processing, machine vision, and testing of

The report describes a preliminary survey of the steady-state characteristics of four plasma sources developed for a mirror machine experiment. All the sources included thermionic spiral cathodes to produce radial electric fields in the plasma. The source...

The problem of accurately modeling RF photoinjector electron sources in three dimensions with reasonable computational power remains a challenge. Development work on extensions to the Los Alamos particle tracking code PARMELA (Phase and Radial Motion in Electron Linear Accelerators) to handle fully 3-D problems including non-rotationally symmetric RF cavity and space-charge ...

The injector for the ALICE machine (Accelerators and Lasers In Combined Experiments) at Daresbury Laboratory is based around a 350 kV DC photocathode electron gun. An upgrade is proposed to introduce a load-lock GaAs photocathode preparation facility to allow rapid transfer of photocathodes to the gun without breaking the vacuum system. In the current ...

is protected from the support rod, which applies the high- voltage to the cathode electrode, by metallic guard]). This is achieved by accelerating the electron beam, which is extracted from a cathode by a transversely energies of several MeV within the first few centimeters af- ter the cathode. This fast ...

A post cathode magnetron sputter deposition system is described for depositing one-two-or three layer coatings with uniform thickness and film properties on the inside of a cylindrical substrate. The system utilizes a unique moveable post cathode which al...

This summary is an overview on Polarized Beams and Targets based on presentations at the 5th International Symposium on High-Energy Spin Physics and the two Workshops on Targets and on Accelerators. The highlights of the Symposium were, in my opinion, the results on irradiated NH3 polarized target material, and the successful acceleration at Saturne II of ...

A virtual cathode collective acceleration configuration is examined for use as a pulsed, intense ion injector. Numerical calculations of the collective acceleration have shown peak ion energies of several times that of the electron beam energy. This is co...

A microwave generator is provided for generating microwaves substantially from virtual cathode oscillation. Electrons are emitted from a cathode and accelerated to an anode which is spaced apart from the cathode. The anode has an annular slit therethrough effective to form the virtual cathode. ...

Variable plasma jet velocity with low beam divergence over a range of mass flow rates can be achieved through segmented electrode operation of Hall plasma accelerator. With the use of just a cathode side electrode at the cathode potential, the beam diverg...

The performance of a magnesium cathode in a one-and-half cell photocathode RF gun was measured at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). The frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser (266 nm) was used to stimulate the photoelectron emissions. For a norma...

The effects of low surrounding pressures on cathodes of arc jet engines with electromagnetic acceleration are investigated for pressure and current energies of 20 to 100 Torr. and 400 to 1000 A. Experiments with 50 mm long and 8 mm diameter tungsten-thori...

on the CRT control box. This controls the accelerating voltage (field) for the electron gun use a CRT. Enclosed within the cathode ray tube is an electron gun, Figure 1, which will be used to produce electrons with given energy. Figure 1: A cross-section of the electron gun inside the cathode ray

A neutron accelerator tube is described having a target section, an ionization section, and a replenisher section for supplying accelerator gas to the ionization section. The ionization section is located between the target and the replenisher section and includes an ionization chamber adapted to receive accelerator gas from the ...

When an intense electron beam is injected into an evacuated drift cavity placed in a strong longitudinal magnetic field a virtual cathode will form if the beam current exceeds the space charge limiting current. If the drift tube is flared, the virtual cat...

The motion of the cathode spot of a mercury arc was observed under various transverse magnetic fields, arc currents, and inert gas pressures. With no inert gas, the retrograde velocity increased as the magnetic field strength increased. Addition of an inert gas at low pressures reduced the retrograde velocity and at higher pressures caused a forward (direction of magnetic ...

Mandrel design, carbon deposition, and post-machining are much more complex ... model discharge cathode and laboratory model neutralizer assemblies were ...

strategies. Assembly line worker adjusts a target to a cathode for use in a sputtering machine. Manufacturing Extension Partnership MEP is a network of over 400 not-for-profit...

Z. GOVaN .. NT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NO, ..... and fiat seats were machined into the cathode housing at J for finer adjustment ...

The purpose of the 1989 NATO ARW was to develop applications for and an improved understanding of the physics for high current emission and conduction observed in hollow cathode-hollow anode switches including the pseudospark and back-lighted thyratron (BLT). New applications include highly emissive cathodes for microwave devices, ...

Gigawatt level virtual cathode sources have been proposed for several applications. These include microwave weapons and drivers for high-energy particle accelerators. Both of these require a microwave source with very high power output that is controllable in frequency and phase. A conventional virtual cathode oscillator will not meet ...

Experiments on collective ion acceleration by means of the formation of a virtual cathode have been carried out for a number of years in the Soviet Union and in the United States. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the subject as a possible means of accelerating ions to very high energies. By understanding the physics ...

Experiments on collective ion acceleration by means of the formation of a virtual cathode have been carried out for a number of years in the Soviet Union and in the United States. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the subject as a possible means of accelerating ions to very high energies. By understanding the physics ...

In the past decade, laser driven RF guns have matured from a device under development to a proven source for high brightness and low emittance electron beams. The reliability of the electron beam from these sources is dictated by the laser system that drives it. In addition, capabilities of the laser systems play a vital role in the design of the electron source for future ...

Double pulse transport experiments were conducted on the front end of the ATA accelerator to obtain data on the capability of a velvet cloth cathode to produce two successive pulses. Pulses of approximately 3 kA were extracted from the cathode with interpulse spacings varying from 150 ns to 2.8 {micro}s using an ...

Axial injection in plasma gun through the cathode has clear benefit of longer particle residence time and optimum particle trajectory in the plume; however, accelerated wear of the cathode seem to be the major issue in this approach. This study investigates the arc instability phenomena in an axially injecting single ...

The AURORA pulser, which normally operates as a pulsed bremsstrahlung machine, has been modified to inject the electron beam from one of the four lines into a drift chamber. The beam obtained from a hemispheric cathode and a machine charging voltage of 90...

A novel computer code is being developed to generate system level designs of radiofrequency ion accelerators with specific applications to machines of interest to Accelerator Driven Transmutation Technologies (ADTT). The goal of the Accelerator System Mod...

In the disclosed electron gun positive ions generated by a hollow cathode plasma discharge in a first chamber are accelerated through control and shield grids into a second chamber containing a high voltage cold cathode. These positive ions bombard a surface of the cathode causing the cathode ...

A mathematical scheme has been proposed to extend the applicability of the generalized trajectory method to deal with curved cathodes such as cold field emitters and thermionic point cathodes. A connecting space is introduced between the cathode surface and the first reference plane, and the actual ray condition on the ...

... accelerated to high energies in a plasma-free region prior to emerging from the gun through a ... turn-on in comparison to thermionic E-guns. ...

The development investigated electron gun structures to generate small patterns of individually controllable electron beams and electron optical techniques to accelerate and image these patterns faithfully and with desired demagnification at the screen of...

... Electron beams are often cathode-limited for applications including high power microwaves and as sources for accelerators and particle beams. ...

... CATHODES(ELECTRON TUBES), GYROTRONS, ACCELERATION, MAGNETIC FIELDS, ELECTRIC CURRENT, KA BAND, THEORY, HIGH ...

... were measured, and plume acceleration could be ... thruster design, given its high throughput, absence ... and cathodes, potentially long life time, very ...

A variety of sealed-off devices such as cathode ray tubes (CRT's), electron tubes, plasma displays, particle accelerators and colliders, vacuum thermal ...

... Depreciation was based on the Accelerate Cost ... Anon., �Inorganic Zinc Coatings for Immersion (Tank ... on the Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys in Sea ...

This applet demonstrates an Atwood machine, both with or without friction. The user can select the masses of both weights, as well as the pulley, and watch an animation of the weights falling. The applet calculates and displays the acceleration of mass 1.

... mode, expanding the capability of the accelerator ... production iequires a fast pulse risetime on ... after the pulsed electron beam machine's operating ...

Sandia has developed PBFA-Z, a 20-MA driver for z-pinch experiments by replacing the water lines, insulator stack. and MITLs on PBFA II with hardware of a new design. The PBFA-Z accelerator was designed to deliver 20 MA to a 15-mg z-pinch load in 100 ns. The accelerator was modeled using circuit codes to determine the time-dependent voltage and current ...

The accelerator for the second axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility will produce a 4-kA, 20-MeV, 2-{micro}s output electron beam with a design goal of less than 1000 {pi} mm-mrad normalized transverse emittance and less than 0.5-mm beam centroid motion. In order to meet this goal, the beam transport must have excellent optics and the beam ...

In this paper we review several high power laser ablation techniques that have been utilized to fabricate high current (1-80 kA) electron beam cathodes for accelerators and microwave sources: 1) Projection Ablation Lithography (PAL) cathodes, 2) Ablation Line Focus (ALF) cathodes, and 3) Metal-Oxide-Junction (MOJ) ...

Several different cold cathode configurations are disclosed for a gas discharge device each having a plurality of grooves of selected spacing, depth and width to improve the emission of electrons in a gas discharge device. Each of the cold cathode configurations can be machined from a single piece of a selected material. Several of the ...

Several different cold cathode configurations for a gas discharge device each having a plurality of grooves of selected spacing, depth and width to improve the emission of electrons in a gas discharge device. Each of the cold cathode configurations can be machined from a single piece of a selected material. Several of the ...

Early operation of the 50 MeV high brightness electron linac of the Accelerator Test Facility is described along with experimental data. This facility is designed to study new linear acceleration techniques and new radiation sources based on linacs in combination with free electron lasers. The accelerator utilizes a photo-excited, ...

Early operation of the 50 MeV high brightness electron linac of the Accelerator Test Facility is described along with experimental data. This facility is designed to study new linear acceleration techniques and new radiation sources based on linacs in combination with free electron lasers. The accelerator utilizes a photo-excited, ...

The type of radiofrequency plant typical of orbital accelerating machines is demonstrated, and formulas are given that show that the accelerating device (resonant cavity) is loaded by the beam and that the loading depends only on the characteristics of the beam and the accelerating voltage, Design criteria ...

Fixed Field Gradient (FFAG) accelerators are a promising idea for reducing the cost of acceleration for muon accelerators as well as other machines. This paper presents an automated method for designing these machines to certain specifications, and uses that method to find a minimum cost ...

Jul 11, 2008 ... The gas is accelerated to the the rear and the engine and aircraft ... think of the propulsion system as some machine which accelerates a gas. ... For gas turbine engines, the nozzle is usually designed to make the exit ...

Several new or upgraded versions of heavy ion accelerators have recently come into service. A review is made of these machines and tentative conclusions are drawn on the merits of the various types.

An injection system for the Linear Accelerator is developed using the parameters of machines at the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas and the Instituto Militar de Engenharia. The proposed system consists basically of a prebuncher and a chopper. The p...

Jan 22, 2011 ... Title: Acceleration of stereo correlation in Verilog. Authors: Villalpando, Carlos. Keywords: machine vision. Field Programmable Gate Arrays ...

Progressive production operations for machining such parts of cemented carbides as liners and pistons have been introduced. Because of the problem of high accuracy of the machined bore in machining sintered carbide liners, several forms of machining were investigated. Data on productivity, surface finish, accuracy, ...

, water radiolysis products such as hydrogen peroxide are cathodic reactants. Therefore, to determine such as superalloys and stainless steels, is a significant concern in accelerator-driven technologies. One such technology is Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT). In APT a tungsten target is bombarded by a high energy

An investigation is presented of the possibility of developing an electron accelerator comprising several radiation units with a relatively low power per unit, and without the many elements such as accelerator tube, focusing and scanning systems. A study ...

With the development of the new arc-heated cathode PIG type source, heavy-ion acceleration in the SF cyclotron has been drastically augmented, which means that a stable routine operation is being realized as well as the number of ion species being increas...

Existing high-energy accelerators are reviewed, along with those under construction or being designed. Finally, some of the physics issues which go into setting machine parameters, and some of the features of the design of next generation electron and proton machines are discussed. (GHT)

Three areas of accelerator physics are discussed in which computer programs have been applied with much success: i) single-particle beam dynamics in circular machines, i.e., the design and matching of machine lattices; ii) computations of electromagnetic ...

Computer simulations demonstrate that the entrainment (or advection) of magnetic field with the flow of cathode-emitted electrons can constitute a dominant mechanism for the magnetic field penetration of erosion switch plasmas. Cross-field drift in the accelerating electric field near the cathode starts the penetration process. Plasma ...

An ion generating apparatus utilizing a vacuum chamber, a cathode and an anode in the chamber. A source of electrical power produces an arc or discharge between the cathode and anode. The arc is sufficient to vaporize a portion of the cathode to form a plasma. The plasma is directed to an extractor which separates the electrons from ...

An ion generating apparatus utilizing a vacuum chamber, a cathode and an anode in the chamber. A source of electrical power produces an arc or discharge between the cathode and anode. The arc is sufficient to vaporize a portion of the cathode to form a plasma. The plasma is directed to an extractor which separates the electrons from ...

A new type of ion source with axial extraction, based on hollow-cathode magnetron discharge, has been developed. Constant hydrogen ion currents in excess of 1 mA with an exit source aperture of 1 mm in diameter and accelerating voltages up to 3 kV, have been extracted axially from the cylindrical hollow cathode. Similar results have ...

Heaterless inert gas ion thruster hollow cathodes were investigated with the aim of reducing ion thruster complexity and increasing ion thruster reliability. Cathodes heated by glow discharges are evaluated for power requirements, flowrate requirements, and life limiting mechanisms. An accelerated cyclic life test is presented.

The authors review recent progress in the physics and technology of cold cathode electron emitters. The characteristics of emission from field emitter arrays, photocathodes, and ferroelectrics are presented, together with a summary of the understanding of the physics involved. The paper concludes with a description of L-band micropulse gun, based on secondary emission in an RF ...

In the mid-1930s, after the discovery of the neutron in 1932 and the construction of machines that could accelerate particles, fusion reactions were ...

A review of muon colliders is presented. Basic features of the accelerator and detector are outlined, and the very exciting physics prospects are reviewed.

A review of muon colliders is presented. Basic features of the accelerator and detector are outlined, and the very exciting physics prospects are reviewed.

... Title : Multigee Vibrator - Preliminary Design of a Proposed New Vibration Testing Machine for Producing High Acceleration,. ...

There is a wide range of technologies that are subject to the law of accelerating ..... such as mutant bioengineered pathogens and nanobots run amok, may ...

Results of experimental research on a relativistic S-band magnetron with a ferroelectric plasma source as a cathode are presented. The cathode plasma was generated using a driving pulse (approx3 kV, 200 ns) applied to the ferroelectric cathode electrodes via inductive decoupling prior to the beginning of an ...

Results of experimental research on a relativistic S-band magnetron with a ferroelectric plasma source as a cathode are presented. The cathode plasma was generated using a driving pulse (~3 kV, 200 ns) applied to the ferroelectric cathode electrodes via inductive decoupling prior to the beginning of an accelerating ...

Electron clouds have been observed in many accelerators, including the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). They can limit the machine performance through pressure degradation, beam instabilities or incoherent emittance growth. The formation of electron clouds can be suppressed with beam pipe surfaces that ...

The proposed Los Alamos National Laboratory XUV free-electron laser (FEL) facility requires exceptional beam quality at high peak currents. Although the beam quality needed for a demonstration machine lasing at 50 nm is not far from what can be expected with extensions of present linacs to higher energy, conventional injector technology will not meet the requirements needed ...

In the previous three years, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) has experienced electron beam instabilities in the injector system of the Stanford Positron Electron Asymmetric Ring (SPEAR). Currently, for approximately the past four months the radio frequency (RF) gun of the linear accelerator injector system of the SPEAR at SSRL has become increasingly unstable. ...

Results of high-current electron beam generation in an {approx}200 kV, {approx}250 ns diode with a multicapillary dielectric cathode (MCDC) assisted by either velvet-type or ferroelectric plasma sources (FPSs) are presented. Multicapillary cathodes made of cordierite, glass, and quartz glass samples were studied. It was found that the source of electrons ...

High power microwave (HPM) generation studies were carried out in KALI-5000 pulse power system. The intense relativistic electron beam was utilized to generate HPMs using a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator. The typical electron beam parameters were 350 kV, 25 kA, and 100 ns, with a few hundreds of ampere per centimeter square current density. Microwaves were generated with ...

The intensity of the accelerated single bunched electron beam depends on the performance of the electron gun and the fast cathode pulser. The electron beam is emitted by a Y-796 cathode assembly with a cathode of 2 cm2 (8 A/cm2), and an extracted voltage of 90 kV. The maximum charge of the single bunched beam was ...

DC photoguns are used to produce high-quality, high-intensity electron beams for accelerator driven applications. Ion bombardment is believed to be the major cause of degradation of the photocathode efficiency. Additionally to ions produced in the accelerating cathode-anode gap, the electron beam can ionize the residual gas in the ...

In February of 1990 the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) purchased a LEITZ PM 12-10-6 CMM (Coordinate measurement machine). The machine is shared by the Quality Control Team and the Alignment Team. One of the alignment tasks in positioning beamli...

When evaluating a task involving the machining of volume-activated materials, accelerator health physicists must consider more than the surface contamination levels of the equipment and containment of loose shavings, dust or filings. Machining operations ...

A RF photoinjector for the high duty operation was designed and constructed by the BNL/KEK/SHI international collaboration and installed at the S-band linear accelerator of the University of Tokyo. Subpicosecond electron bunches compressed by a magnetic compression is planned to be used for the subpicosecond X-ray generation and the laser acceleration. ...

In circular accelerators and particularly in storage rings it is essential that the total impedance, as seen by the beam, be kept below some critical value. A model of the accelerating system was built using a single-ended cathode-follower amplifier driving a ferrite-loaded cavity. The system operated at 234.5 kHz with a peak output ...

In circular accelerators and particularly in storage rings it is essential that the total impedance, as seen by the beam, be kept below some critical value. A model of the accelerating system was built using a single ended cathode follower amplifier driving a ferrite loaded cavity. The system operated at 234.5 KHz with a peak output ...

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developing environmental protection standards for evaluating the risks and characterizing problems associated with disposal of radioactive wastes arising from decontamination and decommissioning (DandD) operations. A list was compiled of organizations operating 1042 active particle accelerators. A review of the operational health ...

This paper reviews an efficient implementation of the software ''middle layer'' that resides between high-level accelerator control applications and the low-level accelerator control system. The middle layer software is written in MATLAB and includes links to the EPICS Channel Access Library. Functionally, the middle ...

The energy and current balances in the diode unit of a high-current pulsed electron accelerator (350-500 keV, 60 ns, 250 J per pulse) are compared for an explosive emission cathode (made of graphite, copper, or carbon felt) and a multipoint (graphite or copper) cathode. The planar diode with the continuous cathode ...

A cathode ray tube system used as a source of light in precise locations for applications such as automatic film scanning is improved by disposing an annular light collector about the axis of the system. The light collector responds to the light from the cathode ray tube and provides a signal that is responsive to that light. Changes in the amount of light ...

Electrochemical studies on the cathodic reaction of marine atmospheric corrosion using Kelvin probe as reference electrode showed that the rate of cathodic reaction-oxygen reduction first increases then decreases, with the reaction maximizing at a certain thickness as the electrolyte film decreases during evaporation. It was indicated that with decreasing ...

This report describes calculations carried out in the past year to assist in the design and understanding of experiments on the ITS, ECTOR, PIXY and PHERMEX machines at LANL. The main results are summarized as follows. ITS: Transport calculations were carried out for Milestone 4, modeling the beam all the way from the cathode surface to the target, and ...

A new 18�18 cm2 active area lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) plasma source for use in a dc discharge has been developed at UCLA. The cathode consists of four tiled LaB6 pieces indirectly heated to electron emission (1750 �C) by a graphite heater. A molybdenum mesh anode 33 cm in front of the LaB6 accelerates the electrons, ionizing a fill gas to create a ...

Electron injectors delivering relativistic electron beams with very high brightness are essential for a number of current and proposed electron accelerator applications. These high brightness beams are generally produced from photoemission cathodes. We formulate a limit on the electron beam brightness from such cathodes set by the ...

A post cathode magnetron sputter deposition system is described for depositing one-two-or three layer coatings with uniform thickness and film properties on the inside of a cylindrical substrate. The system utilizes a unique moveable post cathode which allows the substrate to remain stationary during the deposition process. Film stress is controlled by ...

A general class of collective acceleration schemes which rely on the controlled motion of a virtual cathode created in an intense relativistic electron beam are described. Preliminary numerical simulation results are presented for a specific scheme which does not depend on neutralization of the electron beam space charge. In particular, the position of ...

A cold-cathode penning ion gauge (PIG) source built with permanent magnet for the production of intense O- ion beam has been developed for the simultaneous acceleration of O- and O+ ion beams in a 1MV RFQ accelerator. O- ion beam of intensity of 1.5mA has been produced with this small PIG ion source. The effects of the source magnetic ...

A large-area electron accelerator based on filament cathodes that operates in a continuous mode is described. The results of calculations of electron-optical systems of triode- and tetrode-type accelerators in accordance with the proposed engineering approach are considered, and experimental and calculated parameters of the ...

A review is given of recent progress in this field, drawing heavily upon material presented at the Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts, The Abbey, June 12--18, 1994. Attention is addressed to (1) plasma based concepts, (2) photo-cathodes, (3) radio frequency sources and Two-Beam Accelerators, (4) near and far-field schemes ...

Collective carbon ion acceleration in relativistic electron beam of Start accelerator is studied. It is shown that ion acceleration is performed by a virtual cathode potential well moving self-consistently with the motion of ion flux front and break-down ...

CERN Accelerator School and ESS-Bilbao High Power Hadron Machines Hotel Barcel� Nervi�n, Bilbao as a realistic case study will complete the programme. 24 May - 2 June 2011 Contact: CERN Accelerator School 1211 Geneva 23 - Switzerland Fax: +41 22 767 5460 - www.cern.ch/schools/CAS #12;CERN Accelerator School and ...

Discusses new ideas in the accelerator field, such as the design of linear accelerators for high energy machines; reviews sensational accelerator projects; and mentions a few applications of high energy accelerators in fields other than high energy physics. New ideas include the radio frequency ...

Within the frame of an ongoing project to develop a folded Tandem-Electrostatic-Quadrupole (TESQ) accelerator facility for Accelerator-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (AB-BNCT), we discuss here the electrostatic design of the machine, including the accelerator tubes with electrostatic quadrupoles and the ...

The REX machine at LANL is being used as a prototype to generate a 4-MV, 4.5-kA, 55-ns flat-top electron beam as a source for injection into a linear induction accelerator of the 16-MeV Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrotest facility. The pulsed-power sources drives a planar velvet cathode producing a beam that is ...

The Two-Beam Accelerator (TBA) shows great promise for achieving high accelerating gradients, perhaps >250 MV/m, for such machines as electron linear colliders. This paper presents the results of studies of candidate structures for a TBA. Also, the hardwa...

The design parameters and the general lay-out of buildings and of the main components of the accelerator are presented. Some of the accelerator features which are typical for the Amsterdam machine are described. The performance obtained so far with the fi...

The Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator-II (PBFA-II) is a large, high power accelerator being constructed at Sandia National Labs to conduct research in inertial confinement fusion. One key to the success of this machine is the ability to produce an electric...

Circular accelerators based upon increasing magnetic flux comprise one of the oldest classes of machines, the betatron being a prime example. We have found that intense, charged neutralized ion rings can be accelerated to interesting energies by imploding...

This report discusses the suitability of four novel particle acceleration technologies for multi-TeV particle physics machines: laser driven linear accelerators (linac), plasma beat-wave devices, plasma wakefield devices, and switched power and cavity wak...

We study the evolution of the longitudinal phase space during acceleration from 0.797-7.3 GeV in the LAMPF II booster. This machine is planned to accelerate 150 mu A of protons using a 60 Hz repetition rate. A multiparticle simulation program was used to ...

Two-dimensional numerical simulation is done on the buoyancy-driven flow in a four-electrode rectangular electrochemical cell. Two kinds of electrode layouts, the anode-cathode-cathode-anode (ACCA) and the cathode-anode-anode-cathode (CAAC) layouts, are studied. In the ACCA layout, the two anodes are placed close to the channel outlets while the two ...

A small self-heating hollow cathode has been designed and tested which uses a novel flowing plasma starting concept to eliminate the need for cathode heating elements and low work function insert materials. In a magnetic field free ion source, this cathode has reliably and repeatedly produced arc currents, using argon, of 100 ampere ...

The nonlinear plane problem of the evolution of the shape of the metal surface (anode) during electrochemical machining by a curvilinear cathode of symmetric shape is solved. A condition is obtained which allows one to determine the position of the point of transition from the zone of anodic metal dissolution to the region in which ...

A newly design precision reclaim system using electrochemical machining as an etching process for indium tin oxide (ITO) thin-film removal from the color filter surface of a displays is presented. Through the ultra precise etching of the nanostructure, the semiconductor industry can effectively recycle defective products, thereby reducing production costs. A large gyration ...

Several recent reports have identified the scientific requirements for a future soft x-ray light source, and a high-repetition-rate free-electron laser (FEL) facility that is responsive to these requirements is now on the horizon. R&D in some critical areas is needed, however, to demonstrate technical performance, thus reducing technical risks and construction costs. Such a facility most ...

During the normal course of high energy storage ring operations, it is customary for blocks of time to be allotted to something called ``machine studies,`` or more simply, just ``studies.`` It is during these periods of time that observations and measurement of accelerator behavior are actually performed. Almost invariably these studies are performed in ...

The design of the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility is presented including the design goals and computational results. The heart of the system is a radiofrequency electron gun utilizing a photo-excited metal cathode followed by a conventional electron linac. The Nd:YAG laser used to drive the cathode with 6 ps ...

Laser-driven rf electron guns are potential sources of high-current, low-emittance, short bunch-length electron beams, which are required for many advanced accelerator applications, such as free-electron lasers and injectors for high-energy machines. In such guns the design of which was pioneered at Los Alamos National Laboratory and which is currently ...

Berkeley Lab has proposed to build a recirculating linac based X-ray source for ultra-fast dynamic studies [1]. This machine requires a flat electron beam with a small vertical emittance and large x/y emittance ratio to allow for compression of spontaneous undulator emission of soft and hard x-ray pulses, and a low-emittance, round electron beam for coherent emission of soft ...

International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 34 provides guidance on the special procedures to be followed in measuring the radiation dose from sources such as linear accelerators, betatrons, synchrotrons, or field-emission impulse generators. These sources deliver their output impulses within the range 10/sup -9/ to 10/sup -6/ seconds, spaced at ...

We report construction and initial testing of a 1-MA Linear Transformer Driver (LTD), The Michigan Accelerator for Inductive Z-pinch Experiments, (MAIZE). This machine, the first of its type to reach the USA, is based on the joint HCEI, Sandia Laboratories, and UM development effort. The compact LTD uses 80 capacitors and 40 spark gap switches, in 40 ...

The cathode lens is an electron optical element in an emission electron microscope accelerating electrons from the sample, which serves as a source for a beam of electrons. Special application consists in using the cathode lens first for retardation of an illuminating electron beam and then for acceleration of ...

In this paper influence of cathode material on formation of fast hydrogen atoms in an abnormal glow discharge is investigated using Balmer alpha emission spectroscopy. Energetic H atoms are generated in charge exchange reactions of hydrogen ions that are accelerated in the electric field, and also formed in the backscattering process at the ...

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Flash X-Ray (FXR) machine is a linear induction accelerator used to produce a nominal 18 MeV, 3 kA, 65 ns pulse width electron beam for hydrodynamic radiographs. A common figure of merit for this type of radiographic machine is the x-ray dose divided by the spot area on the bremsstrahlung ...

The intense magnetic field generated in the 20 MA Z-machine is used to accelerate flyer plates to high velocity for EOS experiments. A peak magnetic drive pressure on the order of 2 Mbar can be generated, which accelerates an approximately 0.2 g aluminum (Al) disc to 21 km/s. In a planned refurbishment of Z, called ZR, it is expected ...

In this investigation, we visualized water distribution and behavior of water on through plane direction of GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer), which is one of components of PEMFC, using X-ray radiography. In order to investigate water distribution and behavior at GDL of PEMFC, the facilities was set up at the 7B2 beam line in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The phenomena of ...

Ba-oxide, Ba-dispenser and Ba-Scandate cathodes have been continuously improved in their emission performance in the past decades. Ba-oxide and Ba-dispenser cathodes are also the dominant types of thermionic cathodes used in most vacuum tube applications. When improvements in emissive properties are introduced, their impact on ...

This paper mainly investigates plasma characterization on carbon fiber cathodes with and without cesium iodide (CsI) coating powered by a ~300 ns, ~200 kV accelerating pulse. It was found that the CsI layers can not only improve the diode voltage, but also maintain a stable perveance. This indicates a slowly changed diode gap or a low ...

Magnetrons are considered to be one of the most efficient sources of high power microwaves. However, the rather slow start of oscillations makes them unattractive for short-pulse applications. At the University of New Mexico (UNM) we proposed a new cathode design, namely the transparent cathode that provides fast start of oscillations in magnetrons [1]. ...

The description of the stand for research photo-and thermoemission cathodes for an accelerator Linak-800 electronic gun is given. The structure of the equipment and the basic characteristics of the stand are described. The stand allows us to tune the control electronics, calibrate the operating and measuring channels, and debug the software. Introducing ...

Limited-area cathodes based upon impregnated dispenser cathod material have been investigated in an electron optical column at accelerating voltages of up to 30 kV. A peak axial brightness of about 6 X 10{sup 5} A/cm{sup 2} sr was obtained at this voltage using a flat cathode. Brightness values greater by a factor ...

Cathodic protection is an important method of protecting structures and ships from the corrosive effects of seawater. Poor designs can be far more costly to implement than optimal designs, Improper design can cause overprotection, with resulting paint blistering and accelerated corrosion of some alloys, underprotection, with resultant structure corrosion, ...

&D 2 Linear collider General: high field/current machines Muon-based accelerators General: low dynamics Linear collider damping rings will be have damping dominated by the wiggler magnets and will haveMarch 6, 2002 Accelerator R&D 1 Accelerator R&D J. Rogers, Cornell University � Superconducting RF

The stationary wave structure necessary to accelerate low-energy ions has restricted the development of linear accelerators for this purpose, but at high energies this disadvantage is no longer present. A simplified discussion of the problems involved in building such machines leads to the conclusion that constant field ...

The newest particle accelerators are almost always built for extending the frontiers of research, at the cutting edge of science and technology. Once these machines are operating and these technologies mature, new applications are always found, many of which touch our lives in profound ways. The evolution of accelerator technologies ...

The accelerator tubes are essential components of the accelerator. Their function is to transport and accelerate a very intense proton or deuteron beam through the machine, from the ion source to the neutron production target, without significant losses. In this contribution, we discuss materials selected for the ...

The Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility is the front-end prototype of a CW accelerator useful for accelerator-driven technologies. Its purpose to evaluate the reliability, availability, and maintainability of a high-current and high-power machine. This paper describes the design and technology ...

The Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility is the front-end prototype of a CW accelerator useful for accelerator-driven technologies. Its purpose is for evaluating the reliability, availability, and maintainability of a high-current and high-power machine. In this paper, design and technology development of ...

In the most general sense, an accelerator is any device designed to give kinetic energy to ions or electrons. According to this definition the earliest cathode ray and canal ray tubes, made before the turn of the century were accelerators, the same principle is used in the x-ray tube, the cathode ray oscilloscope, ...

A critical element in the use of computers to support document preparation, software development, and word processing is the interface between man and machine for the entry and modification of textual data files. In recent years, the cathode ray tube (CRT...

The objective of the development is a tube for portable x-ray machines with substantially increased life over that presently available. Previous experience with this class of tube has shown cathode wear to be a major factor in its life. The present study ...

Split up in 28 items, the research done in the period 1 Jan 1972-30 June 1974 in the field of non-linear theory, plasma instabilities, including stabilization and saturation, experimental results in Q-machine and hollow cathode, wave excitation and conver...

A continuous electrolytic treatment is being developed to remove emulsified oil from dilute oily wastewater streams, such as is generated in metal working operations. In this process, the wastewater permeates through an iron chip bed anode and steel mesh cathode. A potential is a...