This bibliography is sorted by subject and by nuclide and also contains an author index. (ERA citation 09:017362)

A bibliography of more than 1300 references on accelerator-produced nuclides for use in biology and medicine is presented. The information is arranged by subject and by specific nuclide. An author index is included. Appendices are provided of medical uses...

Simultaneous photon and neutron interrogation of samples for the quantitative determination of total fissile nuclide and total fertile nuclide material present is made possible by the use of an electron accelerator. Prompt and delayed neutrons produced fr...

This bibliography (Volume II) follows the format of the first bibliography. Nuclides used therapeutically have not been included. References to medical application of the various nuclides of iodine, gallium, and indium have been excluded as being beyond t...

The high-energy particles in the galactic cosmic rays, (GCR) can produce nuclides deep in any object exposed to them. These cosmic-ray-produced (cosmogenic) nuclides have been extensively studied during the last four decades, mainly in meteorites and lunar samples (e.g., 1,2). In extraterrestrial matter, several ...

Simultaneous photon and neutron interrogation of samples for the quantitative determination of total fissile nuclide and total fertile nuclide material present is made possible by the use of an electron accelerator. Prompt and delayed neutrons produced from resulting induced fissions are counted using a single ...

The Beta-Beam is a concept of large-scale facility that aims at providing pure electronic neutrino and antineutrino beams for the measurement of ?e^{} ? ?_{?}^{} oscillations. Beta-decaying nuclides are produced in large amounts in a facility of the scale of EURISOL, and are then post-accelerated and stored at large ? in a racetrack ...

Cosmogenic nuclide techniques are increasingly being utilized in geoscience research. For this it is critical to establish an effective, easily accessible and well defined tool for cosmogenic nuclide computations. We have been developing a web-based tool (WebCN) to calculate surface exposure ages and erosion rates based on the nuclide ...

The Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer, or BLIP, is a practical facility for the economical production of significant quantities of medically useful isotopes that would not otherwise be available. The purpose of the BLIP is to utilize the excess capacity of an existing 200-MeV proton linear accelerator to produce relatively large ...

Activation problems associated with particle accelerators are commonly dominated by reactions of secondary neutrons produced in reactions of beam particles with accelerator or beam stop materials. Measured values of neutron-activation cross sections above a few MeV are sparse. Calculations with the GNASH code have been made for ...

The use of paired tracers such as (124)I/(131)I and (86)Y/(90)Y allows pretherapy PET imaging with positron emitting radioisotopes of the same element as used for therapy. Whereas nowadays most therapy nuclides are produced by reactors or generators, the production of the corresponding PET isotopes requires the irradiation of adequate targets using ...

The report recommends support of research in the methods of production, distribution, biomedical application and cost effectiveness of a number of accelerator produced and short-lived radionuclides by agencies of the Federal Government. These nuclides, al...

This reprint of an article that first appeared in Nucleonics in 1966 provides a unique perspective of the introduction of the cyclotron into clinical medicine and medical research. The cyclotron offers a potentially powerful tool to biomedical centers. With this accelerator one can produce a variety of short-lived nuclides that are ...

A variety of geologic and environmental events and processes can be studied with the cosmogenic nuclides accumulated in terrestrial rocks. Reliable interpretation of the measured in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides requires a good understanding of the involved nuclear processes and factors influencing them. The production rates of ...

The disposal of radioactive waste by the transmutation of long-lived radionuclides is being considered; now using neutrons produced with an intense beam of 1.6-GeV protons on a Pb-Bi target. Study teams have been active in the areas of accelerator design, beam transport, radiation transport, transmutation, fluid flow and heat transfer, process chemistry ...

Researchers at Los Alamos have been developing transmutation concepts involving accelerator-driven nuclear systems. A medium energy, high current proton beam strikes a heavy metal target, producing a high flux of spallation neutrons. These neutrons are moderated to near-thermal energies in a blanket surrounding the target. Materials to be transmuted flow ...

This paper describes the operations that generate Radioisotope Production Waste at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and the improved techniques used to handle and dispose of this waste. Historically, these wastes have produced high worker exposure during processing, packaging and disposal. The waste is made up of accelerator-produced ...

The near-threshold photodissociation of nuclides received an increased attention in recent years due to its relevance for heavy element production in astrophysical scenarios. Therefore, a research program has been started to study photodissociation reactions using energetic bremsstrahlung from the new ELBE electron linear accelerator. Special emphasis was ...

The near-threshold photodissociation of nuclides received an increased attention in recent years due to its relevance for heavy element production in astrophysical scenarios. Therefore, a research program has been started to study photodissociation reactions using energetic bremsstrahlung from the new ELBE electron linear accelerator. Special emphasis was ...

A method of decreasing the amount of relatively long lived fission products in radioactive waste materials in excess of that due to their natural radioactive decay by producing relatively short lived radioactive nuclides and stable nuclides from the relatively long lived fission products is described comprising the steps of: (a) ...

Heavy-ion induced nuclear reactions in materials exposed to energetic ions produced from high-intensity (approximately 5 x 10(19) W/cm(2)) laser-solid interactions have been experimentally investigated for the first time. Many of the radionuclides produced result from the creation of "compound nuclei" with the subsequent evaporation of proton, neutron, and ...

The production rates of cosmogenic nuclides were calculated for the primary protons in the galactic and solar cosmic rays. At 1 AU, the long-term average fluxes of solar protons usually produce many more atoms of a cosmogenic nuclide than the primary prot...

An exposure age for an iron meteorite can be calculated from measurements of a radioactive nuclide and a stable nuclide that are produced by similar sets of nuclear reactions, provided that the stable nuclide is present with low initial abundance. The sta...

A research program has been started to study experimentally the near-threshold photodissociation of nuclides in the chain of cosmic heavy-element production with bremsstrahlung from the ELBE accelerator. An important prerequisite for such studies is the good knowledge of the bremsstrahlung distribution which was determined by measuring the ...

Precision mass measurements of nuclides near the astrophysical r-process path are vital to reduce the uncertainties in the relevant neutron separation energies given by mass models, and the consequent abundance predictions. As part of an ongoing program, the Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer at Argonne National Laboratory has measured the masses of fission products from ...

The Munich Accelerator for Fission Fragments (MAFF) facility planned at the research reactor FRM-II in Munich is dedicated to produce, cool and accelerate high-intensity neutron-rich radioactive beams. The radioactive beam of fission fragments results from bombarding a uranium target by the thermal neutrons emerging from the reactor. ...

Beams of radioactive ions can be produced as secondary beams following the interaction of conventional accelerator beams with suitable targets. For example we have used beams of /sup 7/Li and /sup 12/C from an EN Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator to produce beams of /sup 7/Be and /sup 13/N via the (p,n) and (d,n) ...

Methods for the reasonable treatment of various polymer products must be developed. Polymers subjected to radiation produce two kinds of variation in their property, one of which is lowering of mechanical property due to the cut of main chains, and another is increase of mechanical strength because of new molecular bonding. The former is called disintegration type ...

Present uses of separated stable isotopes in the fields of physics, chemistry, and the geosciences have been surveyed to identify current supply problems and to determine future needs. Demand for separated isotopes remains strong, with 220 different nuclides having been used in the past three years. The largest needs, in terms of both quantity and variety of isotopes, are ...

The production of stable and radioactive residual nuclides by medium-energy protons and neutrons is of importance for many fields of basic and applied sciences ranging from astrophysics over space and environmental sciences, medicine, accelerator technology, space and aviation technology to accelerator driven transmutation of nuclear ...

The production of stable and radioactive residual nuclides by medium-energy protons and neutrons is of importance for many fields of basic and applied sciences ranging from astrophysics over space and environmental sciences, medicine, accelerator technology, space and aviation technology to accelerator driven transmutation of nuclear ...

Radioactive nuclides are produced at high-energy electron accelerators by different kinds of particle interactions with accelerator components and shielding structures. Radioactivity can also be induced in air, cooling fluids, soil and groundwater. The physical reactions involved include spallations due to the ...

The nuclides {sup 92}Mo, {sup 98}Mo, and {sup 100}Mo have been studied in photon-scattering experiments by using bremsstrahlung produced at an electron energy of 6 MeV at the ELBE accelerator of the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf and at electron energies from 3.2 to 3.8 MeV at the Dynamitron accelerator at the ...

Apparatus for nuclear transmutation and power production using an intense accelerator-generated thermal neutron flux. High thermal neutron fluxes generated from the action of a high power proton accelerator on a spallation target allows the efficient burn-up of higher actinide nuclear waste by a two-step process. Additionally, rapid burn-up of fission ...

Apparatus for nuclear transmutation and power production using an intense accelerator-generated thermal neutron flux. High thermal neutron fluxes generated from the action of a high power proton accelerator on a spallation target allows the efficient burn-up of higher actinide nuclear waste by a two-step process. Additionally, rapid burn-up of fission ...

Organic radiopharmaceuticals are considered in light of accelerator and nuclide production requirements, special problems relating to the carrier-free state, including terminology, of the special technology required to prepare and manipulate these compoun...

Abstract: The rates of production of 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl in situ by the action of ... were extracted and measured by gamma counting and accelerator mass ...

The Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer (BLIP) is the first facility to demonstrate the capability of a large linear accelerator for efficient and economical production of difficult-to-make, medically useful radionuclides. It utilizes the excess beam capacity of a LINAC that injects 200 MeV protons into the 33 GeV Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. The LINAC ...

For the last two decades, in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides are increasingly applied in Earth sciences to quantify surface processes. In parallel, significant reduction of the analytical uncertainties linked to advances in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) allows more precise measurements. However, among all the published works on ...

The report recommends support of research in the methods of production, distribution, biomedical application, and cost effectiveness of a number of accelerator produced and short-lived radionuclides by agencies of the Federal Government. These nuclides, although somewhat difficult to produce and distribute have the ...

The production rates of cosmogenic nuclides in the solar system and in interstellar space were calculated for the primary protons in the galactic and solar cosmic rays. At 1 AU, the long-term average fluxes of solar protons usually produce many more atoms...

Many nuclear shape phenomena are predicted to occur in neutron-rich nuclei. The best source for the production of these nuclides is the spontaneous fission which produces practically hundreds of nuclides with yields of greater than 0.1 % per decay. Measur...

The production of light and intermediate-mass nuclides formed in the reaction {sup 1}H+{sup 238}U at 1 GeV was measured at the Fragment Separator at GSI, Darmstadt. The experiment was performed in inverse kinematics, by shooting a 1 A GeV {sup 238}U beam on a thin liquid-hydrogen target. A total of 254 isotopes of all elements in the range 7{<=}Z{<=}37 were ...

The (?,?n) reaction was studied in several nuclides by irradiation with photons of 50- and 87-Mev maximum energy from the betatron. By use of radiochemical techniques it was shown that C11 is produced from oxygen, F18 from sodium, P30 and P32 from chlorine, Ga70 from arsenic, As74 and As76 from bromine, and Zr87 from molybdenum. Except for P32, it is ...

A development concept of the accelerator nuclear energy reactors is considered for energy generation and nuclear power plant waste conversion into short-lived nuclides along with the requirements imposed on the technological systems necessary for implementation of such projects. The state of art in the field is discussed.

This work describes three experiments in which precise atomic mass differences are determined by the technique of high resolution mass spectrometry. The Manitoba II mass spectrometer has been used to measure precise differences, involving naturally occurring nuclides, in two distinct studies, both of which have implications for the current work related to the question of ...

Results from studies of the isotopic composition of iron group elements in the galactic cosmic radiation are reviewed, emphasizing recently reported measurements from the ISEE-3 spacecraft. The observed isotope distributions for the elements Ti through Mn are in good agreement with those expected for a propagated solar-like source composition, with the possible exception of an enhanced abundance ...

Very High Specific Activity RadioNuclides, HSARN, are a powerful tool to label a wide variety of chemical elements and compounds present in the biosphere in ultra-trace amounts. Medium and high Z radionuclides, can be produced by irradiation in light-ions accelerator and sometimes nuclear reactor. If the nuclear reaction product has ...

Gamma spectrograms are presented for 29 nuclides having half lives of l to 330 sec. The nuclides are produced by neutron irradiation, and the spectra are measured with a well-type Nal(Tl) crystal. The data may be used in the application of gamma spectrometry to neutron activation analysis. (auth)

MALT (Micro Analysis Laboratory, Tandem accelerator, The University of Tokyo) is a service and research facility for elemental and isotopic micro-analysis using a tandem accelerator, which was constructed in 1991 1993 and has been in operation since 1994. Since then, AMS, NRA and PIXE systems have been developed and highly refined. The ...

The dipole response of the doubly magic nuclide Pb208 was studied in photon-scattering experiments at the electron linear accelerator ELBE with bremsstrahlung produced at kinetic electron energies of 9.0 and 15.0 MeV. The present (?,?') data combined with (?,n) data from the literature are compared with results of shell-model ...

... Development of a linear accelerator for production of a bunched ... This accelerator was ... Calibration of an analyzing magnet intended to produce, by ...

A review is presented of the radioactive and stable nuclides produced in meteorites by cosmic rays. The question of constancy of cosmic rays in time and space is considered along with the exposure ages of meteorites. (D.L.C.)

Page 1. Accelerated Insertion of Materials � Manufacturing and Producibility of Hat Stiffened Structure ... AIM-C Producibility Heuristics ...

Since the early 1970's, a program has been underway at this institution to employ the excess proton beam emerging from the major experimental areas of the LAMPF accelerator to make a wide variety of radioactive nuclides. This paper presents a review of the targets irradiated, cross section data, and nuclide yield measurements. ...

With a view to study complete- and incomplete-fusion components in 159Tb , 169Tm ( 16O , x reactions, experiments have been carried out at the Inter-University Accelerator Center, New Delhi, India using the 15UD Pelletron accelerator facilities. The forward mean recoil ranges for some radio-nuclides; 168 m Lu , 167Lu , 167Yb , 166Tm ...

For the application of photoexcitation process to activation analysis, a fundamental experiment was carried out. A number of stable elements were irradiated with Bremsstrahlung from a 6 MeV linear electron accelerator. It was confirmed that the following isomers were directly produced from the stable nuclides with photons: Se-77m, ...

For the application of photoexcitation process to activation analysis, a fundamental experiment was carried out. A number of stable elements were irradiated with bremsstrahlung from a 6-Mev linear electron accelerator. It was confirmed that the following isomers were directly produced from the stable nuclides with photons: ...

The sleeping giant of molybdenum-99 ((99)Mo) production is grinding to a halt and the world is wondering how this happened. Fewer than 10 reactors in the world are capable of producing radio nuclides for medicine; approximately 50% of the world's supply of raw material comes from National Research Universal (NRU) reactor in Canada. Many of these reactors, ...

A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the recent GSI measurements of the nuclide yields from {sup 208}Pb and {sup 238}U at 1 GeV/nucleon and {sup 198}Au at 800 MeV/nucleon interactions with protons with the codes LAHET (with both ISABEL and Bertini options), CEM95, CEM97, CEM2k, CASCADE, CASCADE/INPE, YIELDX, HETC, and INUCL is presented. The predictive power of these ...

The sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is often limited by interferences from isobars, isotopes and other nuclides. In AMS measurements of heavy nuclides, where a high molecular fragment background can be present, it can be difficult to discriminate the nuclides of interest from the background ...

The Fermilab accelerator is comprised of four major systems: the high-energy beam-extraction and switching system, the main accelerator (main ring), the booster, and the linear accelerator. The Fermilab accelerator produces accelerated beams for a vigorou...

Often neutrons are produced in nuclear reactors with high energies, but they are needed at low energies for uses like activation analysis and neutron capture therapy. The evaluation of the slowed down neutron amount by using the Monte Carlo method is very expensive in computation time and the variance is large for natural simulation. In order to reduce the variance and the ...

Since the early 1970's, a program has been underway at this institution to employ the excess proton beam emerging from the major experimental areas of the LAMPF accelerator to make a wide variety of radioactive nuclides. This paper presents a review of th...

present in Martian rocks. Nuclear medicine: Use radioactive isotopes for diagnosing and treating disease1 The ABC's of Atomic Nuclei: The Modern Alchemist The nucleus Chart of the nuclides Nuclear force Nuclear structure and excitations Radioactivity and fission Nuclear reactions and accelerators Quark

The purpose of this study is to examine the transient heat transfer characteristics of liquid mental as the coolant used in accelerator-driven transmutation process reactor which is related the disposal of high-level radioactive nuclide. At current stage,...

The work is aimed at experimental determinign and computer simulating the independent and cumulative yields of residual product nuclei in the target and structure materials of the transmutation facilities driven by high-current accelerators.

Cosmogenic nuclides produced in situ within minerals at the surface of the Earth are proving to be an effective means of assessing geomorphic histories. The use of multiple cosmogenic nuclides permits both exposure times and erosion rates to be determined. However, if two nuclides are produced ...

The present status of chemistry operations of PRIME Lab, Purdue's Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, is reviewed. The capabilities and performance of sample preparation for the three nuclides 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl in a variety of different sample types are found to be adequate for the current performance figures of the AMS facility. Standard materials ...

The production rates of cosmogenic nuclides were calculated for the primary protons in the galactic and solar cosmic rays. At 1 AU, the long-term average fluxes of solar protons usually produce many more atoms of a cosmogenic nuclide than the primary protons in the GCR, the exceptions being nuclides made only by ...

The production rates of nuclides made by the galactic and solar cosmic rays are important in the interpretations of measurements made with lunar samples, meteorites, and cosmic spherules. Production rates of cosmogenic nuclides have been predicted by a variety of methods that are reviewed in this paper, ranging from systematic studies of one or a group of ...

CQL 032UMP 034SMI 036SSL 037RCK 039ALS 236 238 40 42 44 46 OR CA Erosion Rates of Pacific Northwest Coast Ranges Measured with Cosmic-Ray-Produced Nuclides Abstract We have measured long-term erosion drain an area of active tectonic uplift and rapid erosion. We aim to compare erosion rates to 1

Concentration-depth profiles of cosmic-ray-produced 10Be (t1/2 = 1.5 m.y.) have been measured by accelerator-mass spectrometry in five soil profiles. These measurements were made in an effort (1) to understand the retentivity of soil surfaces for particle-reactive tracers depositing from the atmosphere on time scales of 104-106 years, and (2) to explore ...

The Environmental Science Division at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory has in use a system of absolute Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Basically, absolute INAA is dependent upon the absolute measurement of the disintegration rates of the nuclides produced by neutron capture. From such disintegration rate data, the amount of the target element ...

Photon activation analysis (PAA) was introduced about contemporarily with the other activation analysis methods (neutron, NAA, and charged particle activation, CPAA). Nonetheless, for different reasons, PAA has been applied less frequently than the other techniques mentioned. The incident photon energy should exceed about 12 MeV (except in some special rare applications) so as to obtain ...

Photon activation analysis (PAA) was introduced about contemporarily with the other activation analysis methods (neutron, NAA, and charged particle activation, CPAA). Nonetheless, for different reasons, PAA has been applied less frequently than the other techniques mentioned. The incident photon energy should exceed about 12 MeV (except in some special rare applications) so as to obtain ...

The management of nuclear waste is one of the major obstacles to the acceptability of nuclear power as a main source of energy for the future. TARC, a new experiment at CERN, is testing the practicality of Carlo Rubbia's idea to make use of Adiabatic Resonance Crossing to transmute long-lived fission fragments into short-lived or stable nuclides. Spallation neutrons ...

In a series of experiments at LANSCE's WNR facility, {sup 148}Gd production was measured for 600- and 800-MeV protons on tungsten, tantalum, and gold. These experiments used 3 {mu}m thin W, Ta, and Au foils and 10 {mu}m thin Al activation foils. Gadolinium spallation yields were determined from these foils using alpha spectroscopy and compared with the LANL codes CEM2k+GEM2 and MCNPX. ...

In medical linear accelerators, radioactivation is induced on the target and neighborhood parts by photoneutrons accompanying a photo-nuclear reaction and leading to higher acceleration energy. We measured the residual radiation from the radioactivated materials according to the time, and tried to identify radioactivated nuclides and ...

The structure and decay of neutron-rich r-process nuclides has been studied by a variety of means that take advantage of enhanced selectivity to permit identification of exotic nuclides. New level structures are presented for 134,135Sb along with data for Ag isomers and Cd yrast structures. Some of the properties measured play an important role in ...

The new nuclides54Ti,56V,58 59Cr,61Mn,63 64Fe, have been produced through40Ar+238U reactions. The identification combining two (?E�E) informations as well as two time of flight measurements was quite unambiguous. Only those isotopes showing more than some twenty events were retained. Hints are given for production of 3 additional ...

Five new, neutron-rich nuclides, /sup 27/Ne, /sup 31/Mg, /sup 32/Mg, /sup 34/Al, /sup 39/P, have been produced by the bombardment of uranium with 800-MeV protons. A time-of-flight method which utilizes the rf structure of the beam was combined with a ..delta..E - E measurement to identify the nuclides.

Neutron capture cross sections can be determined by placing a known quantity of nuclide ^AX in a flux of thermal neutrons and measuring the activity (decay rate) of the nuclide ^A+1X that is produced as a result of the capture. If the original nuclide ^AX is also radioactive, the measurement consists of comparing ...

It is shown that Al26 is a very good candidate for producing a detectable gamma-ray line, and that this line is not only intense but also very narrow. By examining the chart of nuclides for other radioactive isotopes which could produce hiterto unnoticed ...

This paper discusses the acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic fields, i.e., by fields that are produced by the motion of other charged particles driven by some power source. The mechanisms that are discussed include: Ponderamotive Forces, Acceleration, Plasma Beat Wave Acceleration, Inverse Free ...

Systematic measurements of the concentrations of cosmogenic 41Ca (half-life = 1.04 � 105 yr) in the Apollo 15 long core 15001-15006 were performed by accelerator mass spectroscopy. Earlier measurements of cosmogenic 10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl, and 53Mn in the same core have provided confirmation and improvement of theoretical models for predicting production profiles of ...

The history of linear accelerators is outiined, and the characteristics of linear accelerators used to achieve high energies are described. Electron accelerators are discussed, and the use of the Cockcroft-Walton accelerator to produce neutrons by the D-T reaction is shown. (T.F.H.)

... as on the thickness and atomic species ... shot accelerators that produce beams of accelerated ... stabilization us- ing controllable deceleration voltage. ...

Accelerated sodium pyruvate decomposition in aqueous solution due to proteinoids produced by thermal

The age and composition of special nuclear material (SNM) offers a great deal of forensic information; e.g., likely producer or country of origin. Nuclear materials (nuclides) decay at different rates, often in a chain fashion; therefore, the composition of the nuclides changes over time. Trace nuclides in special ...

Many of the meteorites found in cold and hot deserts are small, and many were small bodies in space. Production of cosmic-ray-produced (cosmogenic) nuclides in small meteoroids is expected to be different than that in the larger meteoroids typically studied, with lower levels of nuclide production by galactic-cosmic-ray (GCR) particles ...

A collaboration involving the Biomedical Research Foundation, Science Applications International Corporation, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and the University of Washington is developing an accelerator for producing isotopes for Positron Emission...

An evaluation has been made of the decay data of 91 activation products and related nuclides. The resultant recommended data have been produced in ENDF/B-IV format for use in reactor calculation codes. The data include half-life, branching ratios, alpha, ...

The international standard for a neutron spectrum is that produced from the spontaneous fission of sup 252 Cf, while the thermal neutron induced fission neutron spectra for the four fissile nuclides, sup 233 U, sup 235 U, sup 239 Pu, and sup 241 Pu are of...

A new nuclide (sup 263)Ha was produced in the bombardment of a (sup 249)Bk target with 93-MeV (sup 18)O ions. It was detected via spontaneous fission counting and was shown to have a half-life of about 0.5 min. This activity was also separated from the re...

In the heavy-ion complete fusion reactions (sup 208)Pb+(sup 26)Mg at a beam energy of 135 MeV the new nuclide (sup 230)Pu was produced. The measured (alpha)-decay energy was found to be E(sub (alpha))=7050(+-)15 keV. The new isotope was identified after i...

The Nuclear Data Project (NDP) of ORNL has been providing the nuclear structure community with recommended values of nuclear parameters since 1948. The computer file of radioactivity and nuclear structure data used to prepare Nuclear Data Sheets (known as the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENDSF)) can be combined with the needed atomic data to produce a listing of the ...

The nuclide Cu sup 60 was produced at the Berlin Cyclotron at 16,5 MeV by bombarding a thick target of 99.99% Ni. After heating the target, Cu atoms, being diffused to the surface and evaporated to an atomic beam, were excited by a light source of natural...

For the first time, detailed decay-spectroscopic investigations were performed for the very neutron-deficient N=50 nuclide (sup 98)Cd. The (sup 98)Cd activity was produced in spallation reactions between 600 MeV protons and a natural tin target, yielding ...

Passive gamma analysis is one of the key technologies for the identification of transuranic elements in waste material. The techniques use high purity germanium detectors for the detection of the gamma photons. The detected signals are then analyzed in multi-channel gamma spectrometers to determine the photon energies. These photon energies are generally unique to the nuclide ...

The study of nuclei far from beta stability is hampered greatly when the nuclide of interest decays in a manner identical to that of a nuclide produced in greater yield in the same bombardment. One solution to this problem is through the use of an on-line...

A detection system has been built to allow the identification of low cross section nuclides and the measurement of their mass excess from the Q-value of the two-body reaction in which they are produced. For each nuclide analyzed through a n=1/2 spectromet...

This paper describes the cosmic-ray-induced production of stable and radioactive residual nuclides, the so-called cosmogenic nuclides. In extraterrestrial solar-system matter, i.e. planetary surfaces, meteorites, cosmic dust and the heavy component of the galactic cosmic radiation, these nuclides are experimentally observable as ...

Prospects of using the JINR accelerators - the micrrotron MT-25, the cyclotron U-200 and the phasotron for the production of (sup 97)Ru, (sup 111)In, (sup 123)I, (sup 178)W, (sup 201)Tl, (sup 237)Pu and some other nuclides from various targets at differen...

The work is aimed at measurements and computer simulations of independent and cumulative yields of residual product nuclei in thin targets relevant as target materials and structure materials for hybrid accelerator-driven systems coupled to high-energy proton accelerators.

Radionuclides such as {sup 7}Be, {sup 60}Co, {sup 65}Zn, and {sup 54}Mn are present in the magnet cooling water of a proton accelerator. These nuclides may be dissolved or bound to colloids and pass through micrometric filters below 100 nm. A cooling water purification strategy is discussed. The most efficient procedure uses a cation exchanger in H{sup +} ...

There are two main types of cosmic rays that have sufficient energy to induce nuclear reactions -- the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar cosmic rays (also called solar energetic particles). Both types of particles can have production rates and production ratios in the small objects often found in cold and hot deserts that are different from those seen for most meteorites, which typically have ...

Firstly, according to the regulation of growth and decay of radioactive nuclides produced in reactions, a formula used to calculate the total activation cross section of all possible reactions producing the same radioactive nuclide for the same element is deduced, and it is pointed out that the activation formula ...

Tomographic radiopharmaceutical imaging, or emission computed tomography (ECT), provides in vivo three-dimensional maps of a pharmaceutical labeled with a gamma ray emitting radionuclide. ECT has developed in two complimentary directions based on the type of radionuclide that is used. Positron emission computed tomography (PET) detects the two coincident 511 keV annihilation photons from positron ...

Measurements are reported of the relative abundances of Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni isotopes in Galactic cosmic rays with energies of about 325 MeV per nucleon. The observed limit (Mn-54)/(Mn-53) of less than 0.25 is significantly less than the value of about 0.8-0.9 expected if Mn-54 were stable, indicating that most of the Mn-54 produced during cosmic-ray propagation in the Galaxy ...

The radioactive beam facilities such as the NSCL offer ideal opportunities for time-of-flight mass measurements of very exotic ions. We have recently implemented a TOF-B? technique at the NSCL and performed a mass measurement of neutron-rich nuclides in the Fe region. Masses of neutron rich nuclei are important for r- process calculations, and for calculations of processes ...

A radiochemical study of some neutron-deficient nuclides in the noble metal region has been undertaken, and several new chains identified. The method used to establish genetic relationships was that of timed chemical separations, where the parent activities are initially produced by cyclotron or linear accelerator bombardments. The ...

The Tm/sup 173/ nuclide was produced by the ( gamma ,p) reaction by using an intense bremsstrahlung from a linear electron accelerator. A Yb/sup 174/ target enriched to 99% was used. The radiations from Tm/sup 173/ were measured by means of a betaand gamma-scintillation spectrometer. Two beta-ray groups with end-point ...

The energy averaged (n, ?) cross sections of 58Ni and 78Se at a stellar energy of kT = 25 keV have been investigated with the so called activation technique, which represents a well established tool for measurements of stellar neutron cross sections. For both nuclides, offline decay counting is prohibitive due to the long half-lives of the reaction products as well as the ...

The Low-Energy beam and Ion Trap Project LEBIT opens the door to a new class of experiments at the NSCL at MSU. The Coupled Cyclotron Facility delivers a large range of rare isotopes with high intensities, produced by the in-flight separation method. LEBIT converts these beams into low-energy beams with excellent quality by using gas stopping and advanced ion guiding, cooling, ...

A new ISOL technique, the ion guide method for isotope separation, has been developed. The method is based on thermalization of primary recoil ions from nuclear reactions in helium and on their transfer by helium flow through a differential pumping system into the accelerating stage of an isotope separator. With this approach, separation times in the submillisecond region are ...

Excitation functions were measured for the (nat)Ag(d,x)(105,106m,110m)Ag, (nat)Ag(d,x)(107,109)Cd and (27)Al(d,x)(24)Na reactions by the stacked-foil activation technique and high-resolution gamma-spectroscopy over the energy range 0.44-40 MeV. The thick target integral yields were deduced using the measured cross-sections. No experimental data on the (nat)Ag+d process are available in the ...

This study attempted to quantify long-term subaerial denudation of bare carbonate rock surfaces by using in situ-produced cosmogenic 36Cl in calcite. Carbonate samples were collected from the topmost 5 cm of exposed pinnacles at several non-glaciated karst areas in subtropical to subarctic regions in Japan. Concentrations of natural Cl and 36Cl in calcite were determined by ...

Experimental and theoretical studies were performed to complete the data sets on the production of residue nuclides in natural Bi irradiated with protons. For the long-lived and difficult to measure isotopes 108mAg, 10Be, 26Al as well as 129I and 36Cl, chemical systems had been developed aimed to isolate them from the bismuth matrix. The separation methods are based on ...

Targets of silicon and silicon dioxide were irradiated with spallation neutrons to simulate the production of long-lived radionuclides in the surface of the earth. Gamma-ray spectroscopy was used to measure {sup 7}Be and {sup 22}Na, and accelerator mass spectrometry was used to measure {sup 10}Be, {sup 14}C, and {sup 26}Al. The measured ratios of these ...

In order to understand quantitatively the transmutation of minor actinides in irradiation location, the nuclear data of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium and curium nuclides have been measured by radiochemical method: Several samples of the actinide nuclides irradiated in thermal and fast neutron reactors have been analyzed to determine the contents ...

... diagnostics have been developed for measuring laser produced plasma ... Keywords: Hypervelocity acceleration; Rail gun; Kinetic energy weapon. ...

Effect of Stable Phase Formation from Unstable Phase on Densification Acceleration of Amorphous Powder Produced by Mechanical Alloying

Low energy electron accelerator to produce measurably small fluxes through photoelectric effect from

The production cross sections of nuclides ranging from /sup 43/Sc to /sup 51/Cr in the interaction of 1--28.5 GeV protons with vanadium, silver, indium, lead, and uranium have been measured. Excitation functions of the weighted average of the measured yields for these targets are shown. Charge dispersion curves have been deduced from the measured results and total isobaric ...

Radionuclide production cross sections have been calculated with the GNASH code for protons below 50 MeV incident of on the stable nuclides of a range of elements common to accelerator materials. These elements include C, O, Ne, Al, Si, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and W. These data, augmented with limited measured data, have been used with the proton stopping ...

The Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory (PRIME Lab) is a dedicated research and service facility for accelerator mass spectrometry. AMS is an ultra-sensitive analytical technique used to measure low levels of long-lived cosmic-ray-produced and anthropogenic radionuclides, and rare trace elements. We measure 10Be (T1/2 = 1.5 My), 26Al (.702 My), ...

The 7.5-Mev deuteron beam of the A-48 linear accelerator has been used to produce strong sources of the radioactive nuclides Co/sup 57/, Ga/sup 67/, and Tc/sup 99/ by means of the (d,n) and (d,p reactions on Fe/sup 56/, Zn/sup 66/, and Mo/sup 98/. Co/sup 57/ and Ga/sup 67/ decay by K-capture to cxcited states at Fe/sup 57/ and ...

The number of positron emission tomography (PET) examinations has greatly increased world-wide. Since positron emission nuclides for the PET examinations have short half-lives, they are mainly produced using on-site cyclotrons. During the production of the nuclides, significant quantities of neutrons are generated from the cyclotrons. ...

One component of the neutron source associated with the decay of actinide nuclides in many environments is due to the interaction of decay /alpha/ particles in (/alpha/,n) reactions on low Z nuclides. Measurements of (/alpha/,n) thick target neutron yields and associated neutron spectra have been made for only a few combinations of /alpha/ energy and ...

Cosmogenic nuclides produced in quartz may either decay or accumulate while sediment is moved through a basin. This is especially important for large drainage basins in which sediment is prone to repeated burial and remobilization as a river migrates through its floodplain. We have modeled depth- and time-dependent cosmogenic nuclide ...

The influence of the nuclear level density parameters of the various nuclides determined recently on the neutron yields, produced by 0.8--1.4 GeV proton bombardments of thick tungsten target, was investigated. The results show that better agreement betwee...

Following the discovery of the atmospheric cosmogenic radionuclide Be-7 on the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), we began a search for other known nuclides produced by similar mechanisms. None of the others have the narrow gamma-ray line emission of...

This report describes progress during FY-1975 on the study of the decay properties of selected neutron-deficient nuclides produced by proton-induced spallation reactions in the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) at LASL. These studies incl...

The volatile radioactive species produced by irradiation of AGN - 201 Reactor fuel elements were obtained by irradiation of the fuel in an evacuated inert container. Eleven constituent nuclides, including two radioactive daughters, were identified by gamm...

Models and calculation programs have been developed in order to estimate the migration of radioactivity and the resulting doses. The efforts to producing reliable parameter values are increased. Safety analysis has rendered low doses. The dominant nuclide...

V49, produced by proton bombardment of chromium, has been found to be a pure K-capture nuclide with less than 0.05 percent ?+ branching or gamma radiation; the half-life is 334+/-20 days.

Following the discovery of the atmospheric derived cosmogenic radionuclide Be-7 on the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), a search began for other known nuclides produced by similar mechanisms. None of the others have the narrow gamma-ray line emissi...

The distribution of neutrons with energies below 15 MeV in spherical stony meteoroids is calculated using the ANISN neutron-transport code. The source distributions and intensities of neutrons are calculated using cross sections for the production of trit...

Chemical experiments were performed to examine the usefulness of heavy ion transfer reactions in producing new, neutron-rich actinide nuclides. A general quasi-elastic to deep-inelastic mechanism is proposed, and the utility of this method as opposed to o...

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive analytical method for measuring very low concentrations of both radionuclides and stable nuclides. For radioanalytical purposes, the main advantages of AMS compared to conventional radiometric methods are the use of smaller samples (mg size) and shorter measuring times (less than one hour). In this ...

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive analytical method for measuring very low concentrations of both radionuclides and stable nuclides. For radioanalytical purposes, the main advantages of AMS compared to conventional radiometric methods are the use of smaller samples (mg size) and shorter measuring times (less than one hour). In this ...

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been proceeding with the research and development on accelerator-driven system (ADS) for the transmutation of long-lived radioactive nuclides. The ADS proposed by JAEA is a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled fast subcritical core with 800 MWth. Various activities were conducted to investigate the feasibility of the ...

An electromagnetic accelerator is designed for accelerating an ionized gas plasma to extremely high velocities at high flow rates. In the accelerator, a moving, preferably accelerating, magnetic field accelerates a ring-shaped plasma mass from one end of a structure to the other end to ...

The arsenic produced by a deuteron bombardment of germanium has been studied to determine the nuclides present in the mixture. Identification of the isotopes was made by comparing measured values of half-life and maximum ? energy with published values. Counting rates were measured with 4? and coincidence counters, obtaining half-lives which indicated that ...

In the last few years, the yield of nuclides produced in spallation and fission reactions by high-energy protons bombarding heavy-element targets with dimensions close to the path length has been determined. The development of computational techniques describing the nuclear cascade in such targets calls for a comparison with experimental results obtained ...

The concentrations of the cosmic-ray-produced He-, Ne-, and ArSPEC sp -nuclides in samples of 31 iron meteorites have been determineSPEC sp d by mass spectrometry. A critical examination of the results SPEC sp was performed. The data of at least 52 samples prove to be useSPEC sp ful to describe the "normal" abundance patterns of cosmogenic SPEC sp noble ...

Cosmic-ray produced (cosmogenic) nuclides in returned Martian samples could be used to study the amounts and distributions of volatiles in the recent past on Mars. In planning for the gamma-ray spectrometer experiment that is scheduled to fly on the Mars Observer, many calculations were done on the nuclear reactions that should occur in the Martian ...

A collective field accelerator (CFA) was developed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) which operates with a vacuum diode. This diode utilizes a graphite cathode and a dielectric anode that operates with a relativistic electron beam with a ..nu../..gamma.. of approximately 1. Dielectric lenses are used to focus the collectively accelerated electrons ...

A model is presented to investigate the systematics of in-situ low-energy neutron-capture-produced cosmogenic nuclides in terrestrial rocks, in particular 35Cl(n, ?) 36Cl, by using a Monte Carlo neutron transport code. The model is validated by comparison of its results with experimental measurements of low-energy cosmogenic neutrons on the Earth's ...

Cosmic rays interact with the earth's atmosphere and surface to produce the �cosmogenic� nuclides. In many instances the radioactive ones are readily distinguished from the anthropogenic and meteoritic backgrounds. Measurements of these cosmogenic radionuclides (RCN) can contribute to the solution of a variety of geophysical problems [Lai and Peters, ...

Transfer reactions of heavy ions with /sup 248/Cm targets are evaluated for their usefulness in producing unknown neutron-rich actinide nuclides. Cross sections for the production of nuclides in the region 91Z/sub target/ with low excitation energies. Extrapolation of the product yields into unknown regions of charge and mass indicates ...

Recently attention has focused on charged particle acceleration in a plasma by a fast, large amplitude, longitudinal electron plasma wave. The plasma beat wave and plasma wakefield accelerators are two efficient ways of producing ultra-high accelerating g...

Recently, producing and maintaining short bunches in accelerators has become a forefront issue. Examples of accelerators that require short bunches are high quality nuclear physics accelerators, free electron laser driver accelerators, next generation lin...

An automatic frequency control system is described for maintaining the drive frequency applied to a linear accelerator to produce maximum particle output from the accelerator. The particle output amplitude is measured and the frequency of the radio frequency source powering the linear accelerator is adjusted to ...

The temperature rise produced by synchrotron radiation incident on the vacuum chamber wall of a betatron is evaluated for a general acceleration cycle.

... Insertion of Materials � Composites (AIM-C) Producibility Module Development ... Red = Basic Activity Producibility Module Software ...

... DOE produces both stable isotopes and radioisotopes. ... Radioisotopes are produced in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. ...

Ion beams injected into the ionosphere are known to produce waves related to the normal modes of the

The resolution of the gamma spectra of activities induced in materials by fast neutron, charged particle and gamma photon activation is complicated by the fact that many elements produce more than one active nuclide in significant amounts. Direct resolution by least-squares fitting of the spectra of standards is only possible in these circumstances if the ...

Production methods for short-lived Cs radioisotopes were studied by using the reactions: Cs/sup 133/( gamma ,n)Cs/sup 132/, Xe(p,xn)/sup */Cs; and Ba/ sup 130/(n, gamma yields EC)Cs/sup 131/. In the ( gamma ,n) reac tion, CsCl and CsNO/sub 3/ were bombarded with gamma rays converted from 20-Mev accelerated electrons. The target was carefully assembled in ...

An accelerator-driven spallation neutron-source target/blanket system has been developed for the production of tritium. The system employs a proton linear accelerator, and a lead neutron-producing target, surrounded by tritium-producing blankets based on ...

A preliminary direct measurement of the ^8Li(d,n)^9Be cross section has been obtained by means of a radioactive beam facility used with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FN van de Graaff accelerator. The cross section at a ^8Li energy of 13.3 MeV agrees plausibly with values estimated from data for the reverse reaction, ^9Be(n,d)^8Li, and for the related ^7Li(d,n) ...

In the first chapter, terminology, physical and radiological quantities, and units of measurement used to describe the properties of accelerator radiation fields are reviewed. The general considerations of primary radiation fields pertinent to accelerators are discussed. The primary radiation fields produced by electron beams are ...

Proton radiography using energetic protons from accelerator producing high contrast and poor spatial

... Title : BULK ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS BY THE INELASTIC SCATTERING OF NEUTRONS PRODUCED WITH A VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR. ...