The production of radioisotopes with electron accelerators is considered for thin secondary proton converters in combination with an electron sweep magnet. The production yields depend on the initial electron energy, the Z and thickness of the converter, ...

The production of radio isotopes with electron accelerators proceeds mainly by secondary photons (bremsstrahlung), produced in an interaction between the electrons and the Coulomb field of the nuclei of a converter. The production yields depend on: the in...

The cyclotron production of radioisotopes for medical applications is gaining increased significance in diagnostic molecular imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT. In this regard, radioisotope production has never been easier or more convenient until de introduction of compact medical cyclotrons in the last few ...

The cyclotron production of radioisotopes for medical applications is gaining increased significance in diagnostic molecular imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT. In this regard, radioisotope production has never been easier or more convenient until de introduction of compact medical cyclotrons in the last few ...

In this paper the availability and properties of radioisotopes for both radioimmunodiagnosis (RAID) and radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) are discussed. Examples are provided for radioisotopes available via direct production in nuclear reactors and accelerators o...

Although the production of radioisotopes in reactors or in low to medium energy cyclotrons appears to be relatively well established, especially for those isotopes that are routinely used and have a commercial market, certain isotopes can either be made o...

The accelerator production of tritium (APT) facility, with its high beam current and high beam energy, would be an ideal supplier of radioisotopes for medical research, imaging, and therapy. By-product radioisotopes will be produced in the APT window and target cooling systems and in the ...

Cyclotron Particle Accelerator produces high-energy beams to study radiation damage to reactor materials, neutron radiation therapy for cancer, production of radioisotopes, and...

High energy mass spectrometry is a new and very sensitive technique of measuring rare radioisotopes. This paper describes the techniques used to select and identify the individual radioisotope atoms in a sample and the status of the radioisotope measurements and their applications.

Radioisotopes characterized by nuclear property and uses can be produced on the accelerator, especially those playing an important role in scientific researches and biomedical uses. The status of Radioisotopes produced by 1.5m cyclotron and their applications in our institute are summarized in this paper. The details of preparation and ...

Cyclotrons continue to be efficient accelerators for use in radio-isotope production. In recent years, developments in accelerator technology have greatly increased the practical beam current in these machines while also improving the overall system relia...

Future nuclear materials production and/or the burn-up of long lived radioisotopes may be accomplished through the capture of spallation produced neutrons in accelerators. Aluminum clad-lead and/or lead alloys has been proposed as a spallation target. Alu...

Cyclotrons continue to be efficient accelerators for radio-isotope production. In recent years, developments in the accelerator technology have greatly increased the practical beam current in these machines while also improving the overall system reliabil...

In this paper the availability and properties of radioisotopes for both radioimmunodiagnosis (RAID) and radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) are discussed. Examples are provided for radioisotopes available via direct production in nuclear reactors and accelerators or as daughters obtained from radionuclide generator systems ...

We have experienced the need to supply full radioisotope production systems that incorporate the accelerator, the beam lines, the targets and the radiochemistry in a unified package. The key component improvements are higher beam currents, more robust production targets, and efficient radiosynthesis modules. This ...

A cyclotron is described which has been developed for industrial production of isotopes with the help of automatic target devices. The cyclotron is designed for acceleration of protons to the energy of 25 MeV at an internal beam intensity of 1000 - 1500 m...

Progress in the Radioisotope Distribution Program at ORNL during Dec. 1976 is reported. Data are included on reactor- and accelerator-produced isotopes, the production of the fission products exp 85 Kr, exp 137 Cs, exp 90 Sr, exp 133 Xe, exp 131 I, exp 95...

A 10 Hz, 10 TW solid state laser system has been used to produce electron beams suitable for radio-isotope production. The laser beam was focused using a 30 cm focal length f/6 off-axis parabola on a gas plume produced by a high pressure pulsed gas jet. E...

The highlights of recent developments and trends of recent developments in the various research fields are touched upon. A survey is made of the papers on radioisotopes presented at the Geneva Conference. Almost half of the papers deal with the production of radioactive material in reactors or linear acceleration or by ...

... DOE produces both stable isotopes and radioisotopes. ... Radioisotopes are produced in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. ...

This report discusses research at the LAMPF accelerator in the following areas: Nuclear and particle physics; astrophysics; atomic and molecular physics; materials science; radiation effects; radioisotope production; theory; facility development; accelera...

Isotopes that spontaneously emit alpha ({alpha}) or beta ({beta}) particles, or gamma rays ({gamma}), are said to be radioactive. The emission process, called {open_quotes}decay,{close_quotes} is precisely what makes radioactive isotopes, known as {open_quotes}radioisotopes,{close_quotes} useful in a variety of applications, including nuclear medicine, commercial ...

Several radioisotopes for diagnostic uses in nuclear medicine studies are produced using the internal 15 MeV (30 MeV alphas) deuteron beam of the ''Ruder Boskovic'' Institute in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Some of the most important radioisotopes produced during ...

The production of radioisotopes has been one of the basic activities at Oak Ridge since the end of World War II. The importance of this work was best described by Alvin Weinberg, former Laboratory Director, when he wrote ``... If God has a golden book and writes down what it is that Oak Ridge National Laboratory did that had the biggest influence on ...

Research and developments on the radioisotope production and radiation application cover three main goals: producing radioisotopes, schedule, to supply medical, agricultural, industrial and research applications; investigating new isotope products of high...

There are 2 general classes of exposure to ionizing radiation: external sources, such as x-ray machines, accelerators, or radioisotopes present on the skin or at a distance; and secondly, from internal deposition of radioisotopes. The reduction of exposure from surface contamination involves cleansing the skin as efficiently ...

The philosophy used in developing the new PIGMI technology was that the parameters chosen for physics research machines are not necessarily the right ones for a dedicated therapy or radioisotope machine. In particular, the beam current and energy can be optimized, and the design should emphasize minimum size, simplicity and reliability of operation, and economy in capital and ...

A 200- to 500-..mu..A source of 70- to 90-MeV protons would be a valuable asset to the nuclear medicine program. A linear accelerator (linac) can achieve this performance, and it can be extended to even higher energies and currents. Variable energy and current options are available. A 70-MeV linac is described, based on recent innovations in linear ...

A 70-MeV proton beam would open a new family of medical radioisotopes (including the important /sup 123/I) to wide application. A 70-MeV, 500-..mu..A linac is described, based on recent innovations in accelerator technology. It would be 27.3 m long, cost approx. $6 million, and the cost of power deposited in the radioisotope-production ...

Prospects of using the JINR accelerators - the micrrotron MT-25, the cyclotron U-200 and the phasotron for the production of (sup 97)Ru, (sup 111)In, (sup 123)I, (sup 178)W, (sup 201)Tl, (sup 237)Pu and some other nuclides from various targets at differen...

The technical and economical availability of radioisotopes production in Brazil by a low power research reactor, are discussed.. The importance of radioisotope utilization and controled radiations, in areas such as medicine, industry and cost evaluation f...

The glass apparatuses and components used for chemical processing of radioisotopes and production of processed radioisotopes in a lead cell and a glove box are described, with emphasis on the characteristics and the cautions in making. These apparatuses u...

... AND INSPECTION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF INGOT PRODUCTION BY MEANS OF THE RADIOISOTOPE METHOD. ...

The first small cyclotrons were installed for commercial production of radioisotopes at New England Nuclear Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts, and at Medi-Physics, Emeryville, California. Both machines were Cyclotron Corporation Cs-22 multiple particle, fixed energy cyclotrons. In the ten years that followed, the total number of commercial ...

Extensive analysis of the existing data and theoretical models has suggested that the highest yield for a wide range of rare isotopes available for experiments can be obtained by using two accelerators: a heavy-ion driver and a post-accelerator for re-acceleration of radioisotopes. The superconducting driver linac ...

The steps of Radioisotope Production Program using the cyclotron of the Nuclear Engineering Institute (IEN/CNEN), are presented. (Atomindex citation 19:051074)

The Joliot-Curies made the first artificial radioisotope ($sup 30$P) by bombarding aluminum with alpha particles. The development of the cyclotron and other high-energy particle accelerators in the early 1930's led to the production of numerous radioisotopes in measurable quantities. By the ...

This book presents papers on isotope production. Topics considered include historical aspects of radioisotope production, nuclear physics fundamentals, activation techniques, the radiochemical processing of activated targets, reactor-produced radionuclides, short-lived positron emitting radionuclides, other cyclotron radionuclides, ...

Several kinds of radioisotope were produced by neutron irradiations using TRIGA Mark II (250 KW) reactor. Owing to the shut down of TRIGA Mark III reactor it could not be used for radioisotope production during 1978. The amount of radioisotope production ...

Conditions for the production of K/sup 42/, Mn/sup 56/, As/sup 76/, Cs/ sup 134 La/sup 140/, Yb/sup 169/, Yb/sup 175/, Er/sup 163/, Er/sup 171/, Hf/sup 175/, an d Hf/sup 181/ by the Osaka Radiation Center linear accelerator are given. Properties and half lives of the radioisotopes are also given. (P.C.H.)

This paper presents applications of high power RF proton linear accelerators to several fields. Radioisotope production is an area in which linacs have already provided new isotopes for use in medical and industrial applications. A new type of spallation neutron source, called a long-pulse spallation source (LPSS), is discussed for ...

This paper describes the operations that generate Radioisotope Production Waste at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and the improved techniques used to handle and dispose of this waste. Historically, these wastes have produced high worker exposure during processing, packaging and disposal. The waste is made up of ...

The use of paired tracers such as (124)I/(131)I and (86)Y/(90)Y allows pretherapy PET imaging with positron emitting radioisotopes of the same element as used for therapy. Whereas nowadays most therapy nuclides are produced by reactors or generators, the production of the corresponding PET isotopes requires the irradiation of adequate targets using ...

The novel design of a 1 MeV3He+ radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator is discussed. This RFQ is the first segment of an accelerator for the production of radioisotopes for positron emission tomography (PET) applications. This RFQ is unusual in that two specific innovations were incorporated into the design. ...

Cyclotrons continue to be efficient accelerators for radio-isotope production. In recent years, developments in the accelerator technology have greatly increased the practical beam current in these machines while also improving the overall system reliability. These developments combined with the development of new ...

Over the past few years H- cyclotrons have been introduced as powerful radioisotope producers. Four of these machines, supplied by The Cyclotron Corporation of Berkeley, California, are now in regular operation in the US, Britain, Germany and Canada. They routinely accelerate protons, variable in energy from 11 to 42 MeV, at beam currents of up to 200 ?A ...

Measurement of 32Si by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at relatively low energy was undertaken at the Naval Research Laboratory. Measurement of this naturally occurring radioisotope is difficult due to the low level of production of the radioisotope and the ubiquitous nature of the stable isobaric interference, ...

Linear accelerators can produce electrons at high power and energy. These electrons can be targeted at materials to produce radionuclides. Monte Carlo simulation is used to follow the path of the linac electrons (15-35 MeV) through materials. The production of photons and their passage through the material is modeled. The method of using this Monte Carlo ...

Although the production of radioisotopes in reactors or in low to medium energy cyclotrons appears to be relatively well established, especially for those isotopes that are routinely used and have a commercial market, certain isotopes can either be made only in high-energy particle accelerators or their production ...

A physical method of determining erosion rates in the past million years with the cosmic ray produced radioisotopes 26Al, 36Cl and 53Mn has been developed. The radioisotopes were detected by accelerator mass spectrometry.

To produce radioisotopes utilizing the research reactor 'HANARO', development of RI production process, target fabrication, preparation of devices and tools for RI process, preparation of production facility for radiopharmaceuticals, test production for t...

Volatile compounds of platinoted elements were obtained by thermalizing the recoil atoms - products of nuclear reactions in a stream of dry air (partial pressure of H sub 2 O vapour less than 10 exp -4 Pa) or humid air (saturated by H sub 2 O at 0 deg C) ...

The CV-17 cyclotron, isochronous, compact, of variable energy is an accelerator of charged particles and is applied in several situations such as: radioisotopes production, neutron production, irradiation damage analysis, activation analysis. During the p...

When coupled with the spallation process in appropriate target materials, high-power accelerators can be used to produce large numbers of neutrons, thus providing an alternate method to the use of nuclear reactors for this purpose. Spallation offers exciting new possibilities for generating intense neutron fluxes for a variety of applications, including: (a) spallation-neutron ...

When coupled with the spallation process in appropriate target materials, high-power accelerators can be used to produce large numbers of neutrons, thus providing an alternate method to the use of nuclear reactors for this purpose. Spallation offers exciting new possibilities for generating intense neutron fluxes for a variety of applications, including: (a) spallation-neutron ...

The eleventh edition of the AEC radioisotope customer list has been prepared at the request of the Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research. The purpose of this document is to list the FY 1974 commercial radioisotope production and distribution a...

The thirteenth edition of the ERDA radioisotope customer list has been prepared at the request of the Office of Program Coordination, Office of the Assistant Administrator. The purpose of the document is to list the FY 1976 commercial radioisotope product...

The twelfth edition of the ERDA radioisotope customer list has been prepared at the request of the Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research. The purpose of this document is to list the FY 1975 commercial radioisotope production and distribution a...

Since the establishment of the radioisotope laboratory in 1978, INER has fully applied its 40 MWt Taiwan Research Reactor for the production of radioisotopes. Today INER is almost the sole supplier of radioisotopes in the Republic of China, and is ready f...

In 1995, Fermilab and SAIC formed a collaboration with partners from the University of Washington (UW) and the Biomedical Research Foundation of Northwest Louisiana (BRF) to explore an innovative approach to the production radioisotopes. The accelerator system that is being developed accelerates {sup 3}He to 10.5 ...

We request a $25 million government-guaranteed, interest-free loan to be repaid over a 30-year period for construction and initial operations of a cyclotron-based National Biomedical Tracer Facility (NBTF) in North Central Texas. The NBTF will be co-located with a linear accelerator-based commercial radioisotope production facility, ...

Terbium-152 (Tb-152) is of potential value as a radiotracer for radiolanthanides in positron emission tomography. We report the production of Tb-152 by heavy ion reactions at the ANU Tandem accelerator, and by the spallation method at the CERN proton accelerator using the on-line ISOLDE separator, obtaining microcurie and millicurie ...

A C10-cyclotron for radioisotope production is under construction at the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problem, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (DLNP JINR). It is a compact isochronous cyclotron for accelerating H? ions to the energy of about 10 MeV. The magnetic system, vacuum chamber and accelerating ...

Although the developments of particle accelerators are devoted to basic study of matter constituents, since the beginning these machines have been applied with different purposes in many areas also. Today particle accelerators are essential instruments for science and technology. This work presents an overview of the main application for direct particle ...

Although the developments of particle accelerators are devoted to basic study of matter constituents, since the beginning these machines have been applied with different purposes in many areas also. Today particle accelerators are essential instruments for science and technology. This work presents an overview of the main application for direct particle ...

The types of nuclear reactions for radioisotope production using nuclear reactors and cyclotrons are described. The question of purity and quality control of the products are discussed. (Atomindex citation 19:051075)

The recently completed 100-MeV H{sup +} Isotope Production Facility (IPF) at the LANSCE will provide radioisotopes for medical research and diagnosis, for basic research and for commercial use. A change to the LANSCE accelerator facility allowed for the installation of the IPF. Three components make up the LANSCE ...

The status of data on excitation functions and thick target yields for medical radioisotopes produced by accelerators is summarized. Most of the information was extracted from the compiled data in EXFOR (EXCHANGE FORMAT) which is a common format used by t...

A standard heavy ion nuclear structure facility has been used to detect several long-lived radioisotopes by counting the accelerated ions. The problem of eliminating strong isobaric background beams has been solved by combining the energy loss dispersion ...

Positrons have the potential to be extremely useful probes of solid state and atomic systems, but this potential is far from being realised because antimatter is not readily available. The most common source of positrons used in laboratories utilises the radio-isotope {sup 22}Na, but this methodology only provides low intensity beams. Here we shall discuss the ...

governing variables to achieve high reliability in the Stirling Radioisotope ..... approach would be to perform accelerated life testing at elevated ...

This short book, a 1960s period piece, explores the industrial uses of radioisotopes. It begins by explaining what radioisotopes are, why they are useful, and some of their drawbacks. It then looks at industrial applications including measurement of the thickness of paper, radiography (imaging), and use as radioactive tracers in chemistry and biology. The ...

Research performed at LAMPF during 1985 is reported in the areas of: nuclear and particle physics; atomic and molecular physics; materials science; radiation-effects studies; biomedical research and instrumentation; nuclear chemistry; radioisotope production; and physics theory. Also reported are the status of LAMPF-II, facility development work, and ...

Activities at LAMPF during the year of 1986 are summarized, including brief summaries of experiments in nuclear and particle physics, atomic and molecular physics, materials science, radiation-effects studies, biomedical research and instrumentation, nuclear chemistry, radioisotope production, and theory. The status of an advanced hadron facility currently ...

The medical radioisotope {sup 82}Sr was obtained by irradiating a metallic Rb target with protons accelerated to an energy of 100 MeV. The yield of {sup 82}Sr was chemically isolated by dissolving metallic Rb in isobutanol with subsequent conversion to the chloride, distillation of the organic phase, and removal of Rb{sup +} on cation exchanger. The ...

produced isotopes used in medicine are shown in table 1. Aside from medical isotopes, there is signif), it can be invento� ried avoiding many of the rigors of medical isotope pro� duction. It should also.C. Canada V6T 2A3 Cyclotrons continue to be efficient accelerators for radio�isotope production. In recent

in table 1. Aside from medical isotopes, there is signif- icant trade in 57Co produced using 58Nip,2n57Co of medical isotope pro- duction. It should also be noted that all these isotopes 1 #12;Table 1: The most common.C. Canada V6T 2A3 Cyclotrons continue to be e cient accelerators for radio-isotope production. In recent

In July 1986, an AMS radiocarbon target preparation laboratory was established at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to produce graphite to be analyzed at the NSF-Accelerator Facility for Radioisotope Analysis at the University of Arizona (Tucson). ...

The US Department of Energy produces a number of neutron deficient radioisotopes by high energy proton induced spallation reactions in accelerators at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. Research isotopes are also recovered from targets irradiated at TRIUMF in British Columbia, Canada. The ...

Results are summarized for measurements of the production rates for long-lived radioisotopes and helium in fusion reactor materials. Measurements have been performed at T(d,n) generators, near 14 MeV; at broad-spectrum Be(d,n) accelerator-based neutron fields; and in various fission reactors. These activation data are used to predict ...

This paper outlines technological considerations in the design of accelerator facilities for medical applications. Emphasis is placed on the specific requirements for MARIA, a radioisotope and radiotherapy facility being planned in Edmonton, Canada. The m...

This paper presents data that supports Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) as a valid bioanalytical tool for tracing long lived radioisotopes in uses as molecular labels or elemental tracers.

This paper presents data that supports Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) as a valid bioanalytical tool for tracing long lived radioisotopes in uses as molecular labels or elemental tracers.

In this review, the continuing importance and status of development of radionuclide generator systems for nuclear medicine are discussed. Radioisotope costs and availability are two important factors, and both nuclear reactors and accelerator facilities are required for production of the parent radioisotopes. ...

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) is based on a superconducting linear accelerator currently being built at the Soreq research center (Israel). The SARAF is planned to generate a 2 mA 4 MeV proton beam during its first year of operation and up to 40 MeV proton or deuteron beam in 2012. The high intensity beam, together with the linac ...

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) is based on a superconducting linear accelerator currently being built at the Soreq research center (Israel). The SARAF is planned to generate a 2 mA 4 MeV proton beam during its first year of operation and up to 40 MeV proton or deuteron beam in 2012. The high intensity beam, together with the linac ...

A general and simplified introduction to the entire concept of LAMPF is given in terms of its experimental capabilities. Parts of the current experimental program are used as illustrative examples. Topics discussed include: (1) the evolution of the meson factory; (2) accelerator construction; (3) strong focusing; (4) accelerator innovations at LAMPF; (5) ...

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry is a mass spectrometric method of detecting long-lived radioisotopes without regard to their decay products or half-life. The technique is normally applied to geochronology, but is also available for bioanalytical tracing. AMS detects isotope concentrations to parts per quadrillion, quantifying labeled ...

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry is a mass spectrometric method of detecting long-lived radioisotopes without regard to their decay products or half-life. The technique is normally applied to geochronology, but recently has been developed for bioanalytical tracing. AMS detects isotope concentrations to parts per quadrillion, quantifying ...

At present, the modification projects of the operating isochronous cyclotrons (IC) are a matter of interest because of the necessity to produce beams of higher intensity and energy for application in medicine and radioisotope production. The advantage of H-, D- acceleration in IC is very well known. But there are restrictions such as ...

The accelerator production of tritium (APT) has attained an interested in radioisotope production. The unique design of APT would deliver the most powerful and high- energy beam of protons with 170 MW beam power and 1.7 GeV beam energy, to a target for radionuclide production. The ...

After a brief review of the nuclear reactions essential for the production of radioisotopes and of the kinetics of radioisotope formation, the technology is described. The preparation of carrier-free radioisotopes-- S/sup 35/, F/sup 18/, and I/sup 132/ -- is emphasized. (tr-auth)

A radioisotope production laboratory has been installed at Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear in Rio de Janeiro. It is intended primarily for processing short-lived radioisotopes produced by a multiparticle, variable energy, isochronous, compact CV-28 Cyclot...

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been a major center of isotope production research, development, and distribution for over 50 years. Currently, the major isotope production activities include (1) the production of transuranium element radioisotopes, including 252 Cf; (2) the production ...

Production of residual radionuclides in deuteron induced reactions is important for medical radioisotope production, accelerator technology and activation analysis. In the frame of a systematic study of deuteron induced reactions on different metals we present here the integral excitation functions of 93Nb(d, ...

... PARTICLE ACCELERATORS, *TRITIUM, *PRODUCTION ENGINEERING, FEASIBILITY STUDIES, PARTICLE ACCELERATOR TARGETS, HELIUM ...

According to the concept of the TESLA Accelerator Installation, the channel for production of radioisotopes has to routinely produce 201Tl, 111In, 67Ga, 123I and 18F, and a number of other radionuclides for experimental purposes. The production of 123I and 18F will be performed in dedicated, commercial target ...

Integral neutron production was measured by the manganese-activation technique, on targets semiprototypic of spallation-neutron-driven transmutation systems, after irradiation by 400-MeV to 2.0-GeV protons. The purpose of these experiments was to provide data to benchmark nuclear transport codes for targets irradiated by protons in this energy range, as well as to evaluate ...

A target for preparation of radioisotopes by nuclear bombardment and a method for its assembly are described. A metallic sample to be bombarded is enclosed within a metallic support structure, and the resulting target is subjected to heat and pressure to ...

With the completion of construction of KMRR, the facility and technology of radiation application will be greatly improved. This study was performed as follows; (1) Studies on the production and application of radioisotopes. (2) The development of radiati...

Mar 2, 2011 ... Radioisotope generators lend themselves to small, long-lived power applications mainly because the rate of heat production per unit mass of ...

Radioisotope generators lend themselves to small, long-lived power applications mainly because the rate of heat production per unit mass of fuel is ...